Editing Santiago Metropolitan Region

{{Short description|Region of Chile}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| official_name      = Santiago Metropolitan Region
| native_name        = <small>Región Metropolitana de Santiago</small>
| native_name_lang   = es
| settlement_type    = [[Regions of Chile|Regionelan]]
<!-- provinces ----------------->| seat_type          = [[Capital (political)|Capital]]
| seat               = [[Santiago]]
| coordinates        = {{coord|33|26|16|S|70|39|01|W|type:adm1st_region:CL|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Chile}}
| parts_type         = [[Provinces of Chile|Provinces]]
| parts              = [[Santiago Province, Chile|Santiago]], [[Chacabuco Province|Chacabuco]], [[Cordillera Province, Chile|Cordillera]], [[Maipo Province|Maipo]], [[Melipilla Province|Melipilla]], [[Talagante Province|Talagante]]
| leader_title       = [[Governor of the Santiago Metropolitan Region|Regional governor]]
| leader_name        = [[Claudio Orrego]]
| leader_title2       = Presidencial Regional Delegate
| leader_name2        = [[Gonzalo Andrés Durán Baronti]]
| leader_party       = <!-- images --------------------->
| image_skyline      = Montaje de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago (202011260).png
| image_caption      = <small>''Montage of Santiago Metropolitan Region''</small>
| image_flag         = Flag of the Metropolitan Region, Chile.svg
| flag_size          = 120px
| flag_alt           = Flag of Santiago Metropolitan Region
| image_shield       = Coat of arms of the Metropolitan Region Government, Chile.svg
| shield_size        = 75px
| shield_alt         = Coat of Arms of Santiago Metropolitan Region
| image_map          = Santiago Metropolitan in Chile 2018.svg
| mapsize            = 250px
| map_caption        = Map of Santiago Metropolitan Region
<!-- area: for references: use <ref> tags ---------------------->| area_total_km2     = 15403.2
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="CINVER-RM">{{cite web |url= http://www.cinver.cl/english/chile/arica.asp |title= Santiago Metropolitan Region |access-date= 13 March 2010 |publisher= [[Government of Chile]] Foreign Investment Committee }}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| area_rank          = 15
<!-- elevation: for references: use <ref> tags ----------------->| elevation_min_footnotes = 
| elevation_max_footnotes = 
| elevation_max_m    = 6570
| elevation_min_m    = <!--population: for references: use <ref> tags ----------------->
| population_total   = 7036792
| population_as_of   = 2017
| population_footnotes = <ref name="CINVER-RM"/>
| population_rank    = 1
| population_density_km2 = auto
<!-- GDP --------------------->| demographics_type1 = GDP (PPP)
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name=":0">[http://stats.oecd.org/ Regions and Cities > Regional Statistics > Regional Economy > Regional GDP per Capita], OECD.Stats.</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Total
| demographics1_info1 = $175.108 billion (2014)
| demographics1_title2 = Per capita
| demographics1_info2 = $39,000 (2024)
<!-- miscellaneous --------------------------------------------->| blank_name_sec1    = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2022)
| blank_info_sec1    = 0.890<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/CHL/?levels=1+4&years=2021&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=7 April 2023}}</ref><br/>{{color|green|very high}}
| website            = {{in lang|es}} [http://www.gobiernosantiago.cl/ Gobierno Regional Metropolitano de Santiago]
| iso_code           = [[ISO 3166-2:CL|CL-RM]]
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Santiago Metropolitan Region''' ({{langx|es|link=no|Región Metropolitana de Santiago}}) is one of [[Chile]]'s 16 first-order [[Administrative divisions of Chile|administrative division]]s. It is the country's only [[landlocked]] administrative [[Regions of Chile|region]] and contains the nation's capital, [[Santiago]]. Most commercial and administrative centers are located in the region, including Chile's main international airport, [[Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport]].

With an area of {{convert|15403.2|sqkm|0|abbr=on}} and population over seven million, it is Chile's most populated and most densely populated region.

==History==
The region's history of European influence started in 1542,<ref name="CINVER-RM"/> a few days after [[Santiago]] was founded. When the Santiago [[cabildo (council)|cabildo]] was built, its function was to supervise the entire territory. Later, with the creation of the cities of [[La Serena, Chile|La Serena]] and [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]] and the creation of their respective cabildos, its territorial reach was reduced.

On 30 August 1826, 8 [[Provinces of Chile|provinces]] were created, with the Santiago Province being one of them, but it wasn't until 1980 that the Metropolitan Region was created.

==Geography==
Metropolitana is Chile's only landlocked region and lies in the [[Intermediate Depression]] valley between the [[Chilean Coast Range]] and the [[Andes mountains]]. [[San Cristóbal Hill|Cerro San Cristóbal]] dominates the sprawling Santiago cityscape at a height of {{convert|880|m|0|abbr=on}} above sea level with city suburbs steadily climbing the foothills of the Andes to the east. The [[Tupungato]] [[stratovolcano]], measures {{convert|6570|m|0|abbr=on}} on the [[Argentina|Argentine]] border, is one of South America's highest peaks.

The dominant drainage basin feeds into the [[Maipo River]]; its main tributaries are the [[Mapocho River|Mapocho]], [[Yeso River|Yeso]] and Colorado rivers.<ref name="CINVER-RM"/>

==Climate and natural features==
{{More citations needed|section|date=July 2023}}
The climate of the Metropolitan Region is temperate Mediterranean cold, of the kind called ''continental''. Precipitation is concentrated in the winter months, generally as snow over 900 m [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]] and, in colder years, over the city of Santiago. Winter tends to be cold with frequent frosts during which temperature drops below {{convert|0|°C|0|abbr=on}}. The summer months are usually dry and hot. The [[Chilean Coast Range|Cordillera de la Costa]] acts as a climate screen and reduces marine influence, which makes the climate more continental. This situation becomes apparent when comparing precipitation from a coastal location such as [[Valparaíso]] (460&nbsp;mm) with that of Santiago de Chile (360&nbsp;mm).

The annual median precipitation reaches 367&nbsp;mm on average. The annual median temperature comes out to {{convert|13.5|°C|0|abbr=on}}, with a median high of {{convert|21|°C|0|abbr=on}} and a median low of {{convert|6|°C|0|abbr=on}} in urban areas. Rural areas tend to be colder, as temperature reaches {{convert|-10|°C|0|abbr=on}} in the coldest months (July, August)

Most of the region is made up of an extremely fertile, level prairie that the locals call ''la Depresión intermedia'' ([[Intermediate Depression]]). The terrain is known for its low elevation in relation to sea level and for being surrounded by hills, as well as emergent so-called ''island hills'', such as [[Cerro Santa Lucía|Santa Lucía]] (an ancient extinct volcano), Blanco, and [[Cerro Renca|Renca]], present today in the city of Santiago.

There is some occurrence of the [[endangered]] [[Chilean Wine Palm]], ''[[Jubaea chilensis]]'' within the Santiago Province;<ref>C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=82831 ''Chilean Wine Palm: Jubaea chilensis'', GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017013207/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=82831 |date=17 October 2012 }}</ref> this iconic tree of central Chile had a much larger range prehistorically, before the decimation of much of its habitat by the [[Population growth|expanding human population]].

==Economy and culture==
The region's principal industries include manufacturing, services, retail, and financial services. The capital of Santiago serves as the country's administrative, industrial, commercial, financial and cultural center, producing 41.5% of Chile's gross domestic product, according to central bank estimates. The [[Plaza de Armas (Santiago)|Plaza de Armas]], the central square in downtown Santiago, hosts the [[Metropolitan Cathedral of Santiago|city's cathedral]] and city hall. Eight city blocks around the presidential palace, [[La Moneda]], are where most ministries, services and commercial banks can be found. [[Vitacura]] and El Golf host most of the city's high-rise buildings and are also home to the Latin American headquarters of several United Nations organizations.<ref name="CINVER-RM"/> Though Santiago's expansion has caused newer vineyards to move to more rural locations, many of the country's oldest wineries, built in the 19th century, have preserved cellars in the valley.<ref name="CINVER-RM"/>

==Government and administration==
The region is divided into 6 [[Provinces of Chile|provinces]], which are themselves divided into 52 [[Communes of Chile|communes]]. Since 2021 the region is governed by the governor, who is elected by popular vote. The current governor is [[Claudio Orrego|Claudio Orrego Larraín]] ([[Independent politician|Independent]]).

This table is based on the corresponding Spanish article

{| border="1"
|-
|Provincia||Capital||Comuna
|-
|Chacabuco
|Colina
|1 [[Colina, Chile|Colina]]
|- 
|  
|  
|2 [[Lampa, Chile|Lampa]]
|- 
|  
|  
|3 [[Tiltil|Til-Til]]
|-
| Cordillera
|Puente Alto
|4 [[Pirque]]
|- 
|  
|  
|5 [[Puente Alto]]
|- 
|  
|  
|6 [[San José de Maipo]]
|-
 | Maipo
|San Bernardo
|7 [[Buin, Chile|Buin]]
|- 
|  
|  
|8 [[Calera de Tango]]
|- 
|  
|  
|9 [[Paine, Chile|Paine]]
|- 
|  
|  
|10 [[San Bernardo, Chile|San Bernardo]]
|-
 | Melipilla
|Melipilla
|11 [[Alhué]]
|- 
|  
|  
|12 [[Curacaví]]
|- 
|  
|  
|13 [[María Pinto]]
|- 
|  
|  
|14 [[Melipilla]]
|- 
|  
|  
|15 [[San Pedro, Chile|San Pedro]]
|-
 | Santiago
|Santiago
|16 [[Cerrillos, Chile|Cerrillos]]
|- 
|  
|  
|17 [[Cerro Navia]]
|- 
|  
|  
|18 [[Conchalí]]
|- 
|  
|  
|19 [[El Bosque, Chile|El Bosque]]
|- 
|  
|  
|20 [[Estación Central]]
|- 
|  
|  
|21 [[Huechuraba]]
|- 
|  
|  
|22 [[Independencia, Chile|Independencia]]
|- 
|  
|  
|23 [[La Cisterna]]
|- 
|  
|  
|24 [[La Granja, Chile|La Granja]]
|- 
|  
|  
|25 [[La Florida, Chile|La Florida]]
|- 
|  
|  
|26 [[La Pintana]]
|- 
|  
|  
|27 [[La Reina]]
|- 
|  
|  
|28 [[Las Condes]]
|- 
|  
|  
|29 [[Lo Barnechea]]
|- 
|  
|  
|30 [[Lo Espejo]]
|- 
|  
|  
|31 [[Lo Prado]]
|- 
|  
|  
|32 [[Macul]]
|- 
|  
|  
|33 [[Maipú, Chile|Maipú]]
|- 
|  
|  
|34 [[Ñuñoa]]
|- 
|  
|  
|35 [[Pedro Aguirre Cerda, Chile|Pedro Aguirre Cerda]]
|- 
|  
|  
|36 [[Peñalolén]]
|- 
|  
|  
|37 [[Providencia, Chile|Providencia]]
|- 
|  
|  
|38 [[Pudahuel]]
|- 
|  
|  
|39 [[Quilicura]]
|- 
|  
|  
|40 [[Quinta Normal]]
|- 
|  
|  
|41 [[Recoleta, Chile|Recoleta]]
|- 
|  
|  
|42 [[Renca]]
|- 
|  
|  
|43 [[San Miguel, Chile|San Miguel]]
|- 
|  
|  
|44 [[San Joaquín]]
|- 
|  
|  
|45 [[San Ramón, Chile|San Ramón]]
|- 
|  
|  
|46 [[Santiago (commune)|Santiago]]
|- 
|  
|  
|47 [[Vitacura]]
|-
 | Talagante
|Talagante
|48 [[El Monte, Chile|El Monte]]
|- 
|  
|  
|49 [[Isla de Maipo]]
|- 
|  
|  
|50 [[Padre Hurtado]]
|- 
|  
|  
|51 [[Peñaflor, Chile|Peñaflor]]
|- 
|  
|  
|52 [[Talagante]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">

File:SantiagoIDHcomunas.png|Metropolitan communes by Human Development Index
File:Santiago en invierno.jpg|Santiago de Chile
File:Palacio_de_LaMoneda02.png|View of Palacio de [[La Moneda]]
File:AvKennedy_Santiago_Chile_2005.jpg|Kennedy Avenue, East Santiago with the [[Hyatt]] at the far right.
File:Av-Isidora-Goyenechea-STGO.jpg|Isidora Goyenechea Avenue, Santiago financial district.
File:Barrio_tipico_La_Florida.jpg|Typical middle-class neighbourhood
File:Vitacura_at_night.jpg|Santiago at night
File:El_Colorado_ski.jpg|One of the region's ski centers
File:Vista_del_Sanhattan_desde_P._Bicentenario..jpg|''Sanhattan'', Santiago's financial district with the Great Tower of Santiago.
File:Sanhattan.png|Santiago's Financial District with the Great Tower on the right and the Titanium on the left.
File:AvenidaApoquindo.jpg|Apoquindo Avenue, the main avenue leading to the financial district.
File:Housechile.JPG|House in one of the region's ski centers.
</gallery>

{{Regions_of_Chile}}
{{Communes in Santiago Metropolitan Region}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Santiago Metropolitan Region| ]]
[[Category:Geography of Santiago, Chile]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1980]]
[[Category:Regions of Chile]]