Editing Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico

{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name                   = Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico
| settlement_type                 = [[Census-designated place|CDP]]
| nickname                        = 
| motto                           = 
<!-- Images -->
| image_skyline                   = SantaClaraNM.jpg
| imagesize                       = 250px
| image_caption                   = House at Santa Clara Pueblo, 1910
| image_flag                      = 
| image_seal                      = 
<!-- Maps -->
| image_map                       = Rio_Arriba_County_New_Mexico_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Santa_Clara_Pueblo_Highlighted.svg
| mapsize                         = 250px
| map_caption                     = Location of Santa Clara Pueblo
| image_map1                      = 
| mapsize1                        = 
| map_caption1                    = 
<!-- Location -->
| subdivision_type                = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name                = United States
| subdivision_type1               = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[New Mexico]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[List of counties in New Mexico|County]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Rio Arriba County, New Mexico|Rio Arriba]]
| government_footnotes            = 
| government_type                 = 
| leader_title                    = 
| leader_name                     = 
| leader_title1                   = 
| leader_name1                    = 
| established_title               = 
| established_date                = 
<!-- Area -->
| unit_pref                       = Imperial
| area_footnotes                  = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='35'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
| area_magnitude                  = 
| area_total_km2                  = 5.28
| area_land_km2                   = 5.23
| area_water_km2                  = 0.05
| area_total_sq_mi                = 2.04
| area_land_sq_mi                 = 2.02
| area_water_sq_mi                = 0.02
<!-- Population -->
| population_as_of                = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes            = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
| population_total                = 930
| population_density_km2          = 177.79
| population_density_sq_mi        = 460.40
<!-- General information -->
| timezone                        = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain (MST)]]
| utc_offset                      = -7
| timezone_DST                    = MDT
| utc_offset_DST                  = -6
| elevation_footnotes             = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft                    = 5670
| coordinates                     = {{coord|35|58|21|N|106|05|34|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type                = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code                     = 87532
| area_code                       = [[Area code 505|505]]
| blank_name                      = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info                      = 35-70390
| blank1_name                     = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info                     = 2409276<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2409276}}</ref>
| website                         = 
| footnotes                       = {{Infobox NRHP
 | name = Santa Clara Pueblo
 | nrhp_type = hd  | nocat = yes  
 | embed = yes
 | designated_other1 = New Mexico
 | designated_other1_date = December 30, 1971
 | designated_other1_number = [https://web.archive.org/web/20141110122215/http://www.nmhistoricpreservation.org/assets/files/registers/2012%20Report_%20Section%203_%20Arranged%20by%20Number.pdf 231]
 | designated_other1_num_position = bottom
 | image =
 | caption = 
 | nearest_city = [[Española, New Mexico]]
 | locmapin = New Mexico
 | architect = 
 | architecture = 
 | added = November 5, 1974
 | area = {{convert|24|acre}}
 | refnum = 74001199<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>
}}
| name                            = 
| flag_alt                        = Tribal Flag
}}

'''Santa Clara Pueblo''' (in [[Tewa language|Tewa]]: '''Khaʼpʼoe Ówîngeh''' [xɑ̀ʔp’òː ʔówîŋgè]) "Singing Water Village", also known as "Village of Wild Roses"<ref>[https://www.puyecliffdwellings.com/history/ Puye Cliff Dwellings - About Santa Clara Pueblo]</ref> is a [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in [[Rio Arriba County, New Mexico|Rio Arriba County]], [[New Mexico]], United States and a [[federally recognized tribe]] of [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] [[Pueblo people]].

The pueblo is a member of the [[Eight Northern Pueblos]], and the people are from the [[Tewa people|Tewa]] ethnic group of [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] who speak the [[Tewa language|Rio Grande Tewa language]]. The pueblo is on the [[Rio Grande]], between [[Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo, New Mexico|Ohkay Owingeh]] (formerly San Juan Pueblo) to the north and [[San Ildefonso Pueblo]] (P'ohwhóge Owingeh) to the south.

Santa Clara Pueblo is famous for producing hand-crafted [[Native American pottery|pottery]], specifically blackware and redware with deep engravings. The pueblo is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].

==Geography==
Santa Clara Pueblo is located approximately 1.5 miles south of [[Española, New Mexico|Española]] on [[New Mexico State Road 30|NM 30.]]

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has a total area of 2.1&nbsp;square miles (5.4&nbsp;km{{sup|2}}), all land.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|align=left|2020= 930
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:35&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}

The [[United States Census, 2010|2010 census]] found that 1,018 people lived in the CDP,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=3553150:3550930|title=NM - Santa Clara CDP|last=U.S. Census Bureau|date=2010|website=United States Census 2010|access-date=March 10, 2018}}</ref> while 1,182 people in the United States reported being exclusively Santa Claran<ref>Census 2010 American Indian and Alaska Native Summary File (AIANSF) - Sample Data, Pueblo of Santa Clara alone (H58)</ref> and 1,425 people reported being Santa Claran exclusively or in combination with another group.<ref>Census 2010 American Indian and Alaska Native Summary File (AIANSF) - Sample Data, Pueblo of Santa Clara alone or in any combination (H58) & (100-299) or (300, A01-Z99) or (400-999)</ref>
{{clear left}}

==History==
[[File:Santa Clara Pueblos - NARA - 523835.tif|thumb|left|200x200px]]
Tewa people lived in the Pueblo area for millennia before they met Spanish conquistador [[Juan de Oñate]] and his exploration party on July 11, 1598.<ref name="newmexicohistory.org">{{cite web|url=http://newmexicohistory.org/people/pueblo-of-santa-clara-grant|title=New Mexico Office of the State Historian - people|website=newmexicohistory.org|access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref> Pueblo archaeology shows that [[Ancestral Puebloans]] lived in the general region as far back as 1200 BC.

First visited in 1541, a segment of [[Francisco Coronado]]'s expeditionary force met with the residents of the nearby Caypa Pueblo. After annexation of the region into the Spanish Kingdom, and as part of the 1601 expansion of Oñate's colonial capital,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/amsw/sw40.HTM|title=Santa Clara Pueblo--American Southwest--A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary|website=www.nps.gov|access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref> a chapel was built there by 1617. [[Alonso de Benavides|Fray Alonso de Benavides]] established a mission in 1628.<ref name="newmexicohistory.org"/> The mission was abandoned on the lead up to the [[Great Pueblo Revolt]] of 1680.

This Pueblo joined forces with others nearby and fought against the Spanish Royal Government in 1680 in the revolt. The original and unoccupied chapel was destroyed. Two other chapel buildings would be constructed there. The current church replaced the former in 1918.

In 1782, a [[small pox|smallpox]] outbreak decimated the population. The eighth section of the Act of July 22, 1854, mandated a census of the newly acquired possessions of the US government. In review of the land's title, the pueblo presented a Spanish Royal decree dated October 15, 1713, that the title to land and various pueblos could be expected. Though lost, the decree on the title papers assured protection of the pueblos' right to protection of their homelands from encroachment. The result of the title research led this Pueblo community to be of the first recognized by United States Congress.

==Education==
It is in the [[Española Public Schools]] district.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st35_nm/schooldistrict_maps/c35039_rio_arriba/DC20SD_C35039.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Rio Arriba County, NM|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2021-07-30}}</ref> The comprehensive public high school is [[Española Valley High School]].

There is a [[Bureau of Indian Education]] (BIE)-affiliated tribal elementary school,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_detail.asp?Search=1&SchoolID=590006900095&ID=590006900095|title=Kha'p'o Community School|publisher=[[National Center for Education Statistics]]|accessdate=2023-03-16}}</ref> [[Kha'p'o Community School]], in Santa Clara Pueblo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.khapoeducation.org/contact-us.html|title=Contact Us|publisher=[[Kha'p'o Community School]]|accessdate=2023-03-16|quote=Kha'p'o Community School 625 Kee Street Espanola, NM 87532}} - While the address says "Espanola", the school is in Santa Clara Pueblo ([https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/DC20BLK/st35_nm/place/p3570390_santa_clara_pueblo/DC20BLK_P3570390.pdf see US Census Bureau map for 2020])</ref>

==Arts ==
[[File:Santa Clara Pueblo Pottery making 1916.jpg|thumb|Pottery making at Santa Clara Pueblo, 1916]]
Among the arts practiced at Santa Clara Pueblo, pottery is one of the most well-known.<ref name=":0" /> Traditionally, pottery was made primarily by girls and women, and while many potters today are women, there are many men who make pottery as well. Santa Clara Pueblo potters are known for their black polished and red polished pottery in a distinctive style, especially the use of incised work. "Knife-wing" or eagle feather designs are common on Santa Clara pottery<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pueblo and Navajo contemporary pottery and directory of artists|author=Berger, Guy|date=2004|publisher=Schiffer|others=Schiffer, Nancy.|isbn=0764318969|edition=2nd ed., rev. and enl|location=Atglen, PA|pages=67–77|oclc=57013886}}</ref><ref>[http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/amsw/sw40.htm National Park Service, Santa Clara Pueblo] accessed 2010-05-26</ref><ref>[http://www.indianpueblo.org/19pueblos/santaclara.html Indian Pueblo Cultural Center, Santa Clara Pueblo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918220520/http://www.indianpueblo.org/19pueblos/santaclara.html |date=2008-09-18 }} accessed 2010-05-26</ref> There are a number of well-known ceramic artists from Santa Clara. Four approaches are used in the decoration of the majority of Santa Clara Pueblo ceramics: painted designs, impressed patterns, incised designs, and resist-firing with incised or sgraffito designs.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Santa Clara pottery today|url=https://archive.org/details/santaclarapotter00lefr|url-access=registration|first=Betty|last=LeFree|date=1975|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/santaclarapotter00lefr/page/46 46]–56|oclc=948286978}}</ref>

==Notable tribal members and residents==
[[File:Awanyu pot.jpg|thumb|Double-handled Santa Clara bowl with [[Awanyu]] design, by [[Florence Browning]], 1996]]
* [[Angela Baca]], matriarch of the Santa Clara melon potters
* [[Gregory Cajete]], author and educator
* [[Jody Folwell]], potter
* [[Tammy Garcia]], ceramic artist and sculptor
* [[Margaret and Luther Gutierrez|Luther Gutierrez]], potter
* [[Margaret and Luther Gutierrez|Margaret Gutierrez]], potter
* [[Joseph Lonewolf]], potter
* [[Jody Naranjo]], artist
* [[Michael Naranjo]], artist and sculptor
* [[Nora Naranjo Morse]], artist and filmmaker
* [[Rose Naranjo]], potter and matriarch
* [[Linda and Merton Sisneros]], potters
* [[Paul Speckled Rock]], potter and bronze sculptor, gallery owner
* [[Anita Louise Suazo]], traditional potter
* [[Rina Swentzell]], architect, artist and activist
* [[Roxanne Swentzell]], ceramic and bronze sculptor, Native plant activist
* [[Rose B. Simpson]], mixed-media, ceramic, and performance artist
* [[Margaret Tafoya]], Santa Clara traditional potter
* [[Pablita Velarde]], Santa Clara painter
* [[Nathan Youngblood]], potter

==See also==
{{Portal|National Register of Historic Places}}
* [[Puye Cliff Dwellings]] - a park featuring the ancestral villages & cliff dwellings, a National Historic Landmark managed by Santa Clara Pueblo.
* [[Santa Clara Indian Reservation]]
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico]]

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* [https://www.santaclarapueblo.org/ Santa Clara Pueblo]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080918220520/http://www.indianpueblo.org/19pueblos/santaclara.html Indian Pueblo Cultural Center - Santa Clara Pueblo]
* [http://www.santaclarapueblo.org/library/ Santa Clara Pueblo Community Library]
* [http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/amsw/sw40.htm Santa Clara Pueblo] at [[National Park Service]]
* [http://www.clayhound.us/sites/santaclara.htm Santa Clara Pueblo pottery gallery]
* [http://www.kstrom.net/isk/art/claybook.html ''Children of the Clay: A Family of Pueblo Potters''], the Swentzell family of Santa Clara Pueblo
{{Indigenous Peoples of New Mexico}}
{{Indian reservations in New Mexico}}
{{Rio Arriba County, New Mexico}}
{{National Register of Historic Places}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Santa Clara Pueblo| 01]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico]]
[[Category:Tewa]]
[[Category:Native American tribes in New Mexico]]
[[Category:Pueblo peoples]]
[[Category:Northern Rio Grande National Heritage Area]]
[[Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New Mexico]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in New Mexico]]