Editing Salisbury

{{Short description|Cathedral city in Wiltshire, England}}
{{Other uses|Salisbury (disambiguation)}}
{{Distinguish|Solsbury Hill}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox UK place
| official_name = Salisbury<!--formal; no longer New Sarum after 2009-->
| type = [[List of cities in the United Kingdom|City]]
| country = England
| region = South West England
| static_image_name = Salisbury Cathedral from Old George Mall.jpg
| static_image_caption = [[Salisbury Cathedral]] from the Old George Mall in July 2016
| population = 41,820
| population_ref = (2021 Census)<ref name="bua2011"/>
| os_grid_reference = SU145305
| coordinates = {{Coord|51|04|11|N|1|47|42|W|type:city(50000)_region:GB-WIL|display=inline,title}}
| label_position = left
| post_town = SALISBURY
| postcode_area = SP
| postcode_district = SP1, SP2
| dial_code = 01722
| constituency_westminster = [[Salisbury (UK Parliament constituency)|Salisbury]]
| civil_parish = Salisbury
| london_distance = {{convert|78|mi|km}}
| unitary_england = [[Wiltshire (district)|Wiltshire]]
| lieutenancy_england = [[Wiltshire]]
| website = {{URL|https://salisburycitycouncil.gov.uk}}
}}

'''Salisbury''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɔː|l|z|b|ər|i}} {{respell|SAWLZ|bər|ee}}, {{IPAc-en|local|ˈ|s|ɔː|z|b|ər|i}} {{respell|SAWZ|bər|ee}}) is a [[city status in the United Kingdom|cathedral city]] and [[civil parish]] in [[Wiltshire]], England with a population of 41,820,<ref name="bua2011">{{cite web |title=Salisbury|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/southwestengland/admin/wiltshire/E04013046__salisbury/ |website=City population |access-date=25 October 2022}}</ref> at the confluence of the rivers [[River Avon, Hampshire|Avon]], [[River Nadder|Nadder]] and [[River Bourne, Wiltshire|Bourne]]. The city is approximately {{convert|20|mi|km|-1|abbr=off}} from [[Southampton]] and {{convert|30|mi|km|-1|abbr=off}} from [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]].

Salisbury is in the southeast of Wiltshire, near the edge of [[Salisbury Plain]]. An ancient cathedral was north of the present city at [[Old Sarum Cathedral|Old Sarum]]. A [[Salisbury Cathedral|new cathedral]] was built near the meeting of the rivers and a settlement grew up around it, which received a city charter in 1227 as '''{{nowrap|New Sarum}}'''. This continued to be its official name until [[2009 structural changes to local government in England|2009]], when [[Salisbury City Council]] was established. [[Salisbury railway station]] is an interchange between the [[West of England line|West of England Line]] and the [[Wessex Main Line]].

[[Stonehenge]], a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]], is {{convert|8|mi|km|0|abbr=off}} northwest of Salisbury.

==Toponymy==

''Cair-Caratauc'', one of 28 cities of the [[Ancient Britons]] listed in the ''[[History of the Britons]]'' (9th century), has been identified with Salisbury.<ref name="mommy">{{cite wikisource |last=Nennius |first=(Traditional attribution) |author-link=Nennius |editor-first=Theodor |editor-last=Mommsen |editor-link=Theodor Mommsen |title=Historia Brittonum |volume=VI |wslanguage=la |wslink=Historia Brittonum#VI. CIVITATES BRITANNIAE |origyear=Composed after A.D. 830}}</ref><ref name=shusher>{{Cite book |last=Newman |first=John Henry |title=Lives of the English Saints: St. German, Bishop of Auxerre |publisher=James Toovey |year=1844 |location=London |page=92 |chapter=Chapter X: Britain in 429, A.D.<!--sic--> |display-authors=etal |chapter-url=http://www.mocavo.co.uk/Lives-of-the-English-Saints-St-Gilbert-Prior-of-Sempringham-Volume-3/527392/459 |access-date=16 December 2014 |archive-date=21 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321234154/http://www.mocavo.co.uk/Lives-of-the-English-Saints-St-Gilbert-Prior-of-Sempringham-Volume-3/527392/459 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alternative names for the city, in the Welsh ''[[Brut y Brenhinedd|Chronicle of the Britons]]'' (12th century) were ''Caer-Caradog'', ''Caer-Gradawc'', and ''Caer-Wallawg.''<ref>{{harvnb|Roberts|1811|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Mso_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA135 135]}}.</ref><ref>Welsh Prose 1300–1425. [http://www.rhyddiaithganoloesol.caerdydd.ac.uk/en/ms-page.php?ms=Jesus111&page=147r&l=c600l38 "Oxford Jesus College MS.&nbsp;111 (The Red Book of Hergest)&nbsp;– page 147r: Trioedd Ynys Prydain, Cas Bethau, Enwau ac Anrhyfeddodau Ynys Prydain", col.&nbsp;600] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924090910/http://www.rhyddiaithganoloesol.caerdydd.ac.uk/en/ms-page.php?ms=Jesus111&page=147r&l=c600l38 |date=24 September 2015 }}. University of Cardiff (Cardiff), 2014. {{in lang|owl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Roberts |first=Peter |title=The Chronicle of the Kings of Britain; Translated from the Welsh Copy Attributed to Tysilio; Collated with Several Other Copies, and Illustrated with Copious Notes; to Which Are Added, Original Dissertations |publisher=E. Williams |year=1811 |location=London |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Mso_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA150 150]–151 }}</ref> 

By the Roman era, the name had become ''Sorbiodūnum''; the first part was of unknown origin, although the [[Common Brittonic|Brittonic]] suffix  ''-dūnon'' meant "fortress". The name first recorded during the Anglo-Saxon era was ''Searoburg'' ([[dative case|dative]] ''Searobyrig''), around the end of the 9th century. This was a partial [[calque]] of the Roman name, with ''burg'' being the [[Old English]] word for "fort". [[Middle English]] ''Sarisberie'' was abbreviated as ''Sar'', which in turn gave rise to the latinization "Sarum".<ref>Mills, David. [https://books.google.com/books?id=br8xcW1f_a8C ''A Dictionary of British Place-Names''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019020038/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=br8xcW1f_a8C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0 |date=19 October 2016 }}. Oxford University Press, 2003.</ref>

==History==

===Old Sarum===
{{Main|Old Sarum|Old Sarum Cathedral|Old Sarum Castle}}
[[File:Old Sarum Model from West.jpg|thumb|right|A reconstruction of Old Sarum in the 12th century]]
[[File:Salisbury from old Sarum.jpg|thumb|Salisbury viewed from Old Sarum]]
The hilltop at [[Old Sarum]] lies near the [[Neolithic Europe|Neolithic]] sites of [[Stonehenge]] and [[Avebury]] and shows some signs of early settlement.<ref>English Heritage. ''Old Sarum'', {{nowrap|p. 22}}. (London), 2003.</ref> It commanded a [[salient (territory)|salient]] between the [[River Bourne, Wiltshire|River Bourne]] and the [[Hampshire]] [[River Avon, Hampshire|Avon]], near a crossroads of several early trade routes.<ref name="wilt193">{{Cite web|title=Salisbury: Thumbnail History|url=https://apps.wiltshire.gov.uk/communityhistory/Community/Index/193|access-date=14 February 2021|website=Wiltshire Community History|publisher=Wiltshire Council}}</ref> During the [[British Iron Age|Iron Age]], sometime between 600 and 300&nbsp;BC, a [[British hillforts|hillfort]] ([[oppidum]]) was constructed around it.<ref name=wilt193/> The [[Ancient Romans|Romans]] may have occupied the site or left it in the hands of an allied tribe. At the time of the [[Saxon invasions of Britain|Saxon invasions]], Old Sarum fell to [[list of kings of Wessex|King]] [[Cynric of Wessex]] in 552.<ref name="Leeds">{{cite journal |last=Leeds |first=E.T. |author-link=Edward Thurlow Leeds |url=https://www.oxoniensia.org/volumes/1954/leeds.pdf |title=The Growth of Wessex |journal=Oxoniensia |volume=LIX |pages=55–56 |year=1954}} {{open access}}</ref> Preferring settlements in bottomland, such as nearby [[Wilton, Wiltshire|Wilton]], the Saxons largely ignored Old Sarum until the [[Viking invasions of England|Viking invasions]] led {{nowrap|[[list of English kings|King]] [[Alfred the Great|Alfred]]}} (King of Wessex from 871 to 899) to restore its fortifications.<ref name=wilt193/> Along with Wilton, however, it was abandoned by its residents to be sacked and burned by the [[list of Danish kings|Dano]]-[[list of Norwegian kings|Norwegian king]] [[Sweyn Forkbeard]] in 1003.<ref>{{cite DNB |last= Hunt |first= William |wstitle= Sweyn (d.1014) |volume= 55 |page= 202}}</ref> It subsequently became the site of Wilton's [[royal mint|mint]].<ref name=wilt193/> Following the [[Norman Conquest of England|Norman invasion]] of 1066, a [[motte-and-bailey castle]] was constructed by 1070.<ref name=wilt193/> The castle was held directly by the Norman kings; its [[castellan]] was generally also the [[High Sheriff of Wiltshire|sheriff of Wiltshire]].

In 1075 the [[Council of London in 1075|Council of London]] established [[Herman (bishop of Salisbury)|Herman]] as the first [[bishop of Salisbury]],<ref name="bho">British History Online. [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/fasti-ecclesiae/1066-1300/vol4/pp1-7 ''Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300'', Vol.&nbsp;IV, "Salisbury: Bishops"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502152329/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/fasti-ecclesiae/1066-1300/vol4/pp1-7 |date=2 May 2015 }}. Institute of Historical Research (London), 1991.</ref> uniting his former sees of [[Bishop of Sherborne|Sherborne]] and [[Bishop of Ramsbury|Ramsbury]] into a single diocese which covered the [[list of English counties|counties]] of [[Dorset]], Wiltshire, and [[Berkshire]]. In 1055, Herman had planned to move his seat to [[Malmesbury]], but [[Malmesbury Abbey|its monks]] and [[Earl Godwin]] objected.<ref>{{cite CE1913 |last= Dolan |first= John Gilbert |wstitle= Malmesbury |volume= 9}}</ref> Herman and his successor, [[Saint Osmund]], began the construction of the [[Old Sarum Cathedral|first Salisbury cathedral]], though neither lived to see its completion in 1092.<ref name="bho" /> Osmund served as [[Lord Chancellor]] of [[Norman England|England]] (in office {{circa}} 1070–1078); he was responsible for the codification of the [[Sarum Rite]],<ref>{{cite CE1913|last= Bergh |first= Frederick T. |wstitle= Sarum Rite|volume= 13}}</ref> the compilation of the [[Domesday Book]], which was probably presented to William at Old Sarum,<ref name=wilt193/> and, after centuries of advocacy from Salisbury's bishops, was finally canonised by [[list of popes|Pope]] {{nowrap|[[Callixtus III]]}} in 1457.<ref>Swanson, R.N. ''Religion and Devotion in Europe, {{circa|lk=no|1215}}–{{circa|lk=no|1515}}'', pp.&nbsp;148 & 315. Cambridge University Press ([[Cambridge, England|Cambridge]]), 1995. {{ISBN|0-521-37950-4}}.</ref> The [[Old Sarum Cathedral|cathedral]] was [[consecration|consecrated]] on 5 April 1092 but suffered extensive damage in a storm, traditionally said to have occurred only five days later.<ref>''The Ecclesiologist'', p.&nbsp;60.</ref><ref>[http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/old-sarum.htm "Old Sarum"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015214317/http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/old-sarum.htm |date=15 October 2012 }} at ''Sacred Destinations''. Accessed 10 September 2010.</ref> [[Roger of Salisbury|Bishop Roger]] was a close ally of {{nowrap|[[Henry I of England|Henry I]]}} (reigned 1100–1135): he served as viceroy during the king's absence in [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]]<ref name=rogereb/> and directed, along with his extended family, the royal administration and [[exchequer]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Davis |first=R.H.C. |title=King Stephen |publisher=Longman |year=1977 |isbn=0-582-48727-7 |location=London |page=31}}</ref> He refurbished and expanded Old Sarum's cathedral in the 1110s and began work on a royal palace during the 1130s, prior to his arrest by Henry's successor, [[Stephen of England|Stephen]].<ref name="rogereb">{{cite EB1911|wstitle= Roger, bishop of Salisbury |volume= 23 |page= 454}}</ref> After this arrest, the castle at Old Sarum was allowed to fall into disrepair, but the sheriff and castellan continued to administer the area under the king's authority.<ref name="storytime">{{Cite book |last=Storer |first=James |title=History and Antiquities of the Cathedral Churches of Great Britain |publisher=Rivingtons |year=1819 |volume=4 |location=London |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=UUQWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT73 73]}}</ref>

===New Sarum===
[[File:Salisbury Cathedral West Front.jpg|thumb|upright|The Great West Front of [[Salisbury Cathedral]]]]
[[File:Louise Rayner Minster Street Salisbury.jpg|thumb|upright|Minster Street, c. 1870]]

Bishop of Salisbury [[Hubert Walter]] was instrumental in the negotiations with [[Saladin]] during the [[Third Crusade]], but he spent little time in his diocese prior to his elevation to [[archbishop of Canterbury]].<ref name="timetimetime">{{Cite book |last=Frost |first=Christian |title=Time, Space, and Order: The Making of Medieval Salisbury |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2009 |location=Bern |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=7ob-vsvZmHUC&pg=PA34 34]}}</ref> The brothers [[Herbert Poore|Herbert]] and [[Richard Poore]] succeeded him and began planning the relocation of the cathedral into the valley almost immediately. Their plans were approved by {{nowrap|[[list of English kings|King]] [[Richard the Lion-hearted|Richard I]]}} but repeatedly delayed: Herbert was first forced into exile in [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]] in the 1190s by the hostility of his archbishop [[Hubert Walter|Walter]] and then again to [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] in the 1210s owing to royal hostility following the [[interdiction#England|papal interdiction]] against {{nowrap|[[John Lackland|King John]]}}. The secular authorities were particularly incensed, according to tradition, owing to some of the clerics debauching the castellan's female relations.<ref name=storytime/> In the end, the clerics were refused permission to reenter the city walls following their [[rogation]]s and [[Procession#Roman Catholics|processions]].<ref name="lele">{{harvnb|Ledwich|1777|pp=253 ff.}} quotes [[John Leland (antiquary)|John Leland]]</ref> This caused [[Peter of Blois]] to describe the church as "a captive within the walls of the citadel like the [[ark of God]] in the profane house of [[Baal]]". He advocated
{{blockquote|Let us descend into the plain! There are rich fields and fertile valleys abounding in the fruits of the earth and watered by the living stream. There is a seat for the Virgin Patroness of our church to which the world cannot produce a parallel.<ref name="review">{{Cite book |last=Prothero |first=George Walter |title=The Quarterly Review |title-link=The Quarterly Review |publisher=John Murray |year=1858 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=9iMYdkrkLe4C&pg=PA115 115]}}</ref>
}}

Herbert Poore's successor and brother Richard Poore eventually moved the cathedral to a [[new town#United Kingdom|new town]] on his estate at Veteres Sarisberias ("Old Salisburies") in 1220. The site was at "Myrifield" ("Merryfield"),<ref name="leddy">{{Cite book |last=Ledwich |first=Edward |title=Antiquitates Sariſburienſes: The History and Antiquities of Old and New Sarum Collected from Original Records and Early Writers |publisher=E. Easton etc. |year=1777 |location=Salisbury |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=czgtAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA260 260] |chapter=Appendix of Original Records, with Observations }}</ref> a meadow near the confluence of the [[River Nadder]] and the [[Hampshire]] [[River Avon, Hampshire|Avon]]. It was first known as "New Sarum"<ref name=review/> or {{nowrap|New Saresbyri}}.<ref name=lele/> The town was laid out on a [[grid pattern|grid]].

Work on the new cathedral building, the present Salisbury Cathedral, began in 1221. The site was supposedly established by shooting an arrow from Old Sarum, although this is certainly a legend: the distance is over {{convert|3|km|mi|frac=2|spell=in}}. The legend is sometimes amended to claim that the arrow struck a white deer, which continued to run and died on the spot where the cathedral now rests. The structure was built upon wooden faggots on a gravel bed with unusually shallow foundations of {{convert|18|in|cm|round=5|abbr=on}} and the main body was completed in only 38 years. The {{convert|123|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=or|adj=on}} tall spire, the tallest in the UK, was built later. With royal approval, many of the stones for the new cathedral were taken from the [[Old Sarum Cathedral|old one]]; others came from [[Chilmark Quarries|Chilmark]]. They were probably transported by ox-cart, owing to the obstruction to boats on the [[River Nadder]] caused by its many weirs and watermills. The cathedral is considered a masterpiece of [[Early English Period|Early English architecture]]. The spire's [[Salisbury Cathedral clock|large clock]] was installed in 1386, and is one of the oldest surviving mechanical clocks in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The World's Oldest Working Clock |website=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/2008/02/28/oldest-work-clock-oped-time08-cx_po_0229salisbury.html#266d099e31f3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509222205/https://www.forbes.com/2008/02/28/oldest-work-clock-oped-time08-cx_po_0229salisbury.html#266d099e31f3 |archive-date=9 May 2018 |access-date=9 May 2018}}</ref> The cathedral also contains the best-preserved of the four surviving copies of [[Magna Carta]].

New Sarum was made a [[list of cities in the United Kingdom|city]] by a charter from {{nowrap|[[list of English kings|King]] [[Henry III of England|Henry III]]}} in 1227<ref name="easty">Easton, James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=SDdfAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 ''A Chronology of Remarkable Events Relative to the City of New Sarum, with the Year, and the Name of the Mayor in whose Time they occurred: Chiefly collected from the authentic Sources of the City Records, and Manuscripts of Citizens, From {{sc|a.d.}}&nbsp;1227 to 1823, a Period of 596 Years, Including the Prices of Wheat and Barley from an Early Æra: To which are added, Their annual Average Prices for 28 Years, Being from 1796 to 1823'', 5th&nbsp;ed., p.&nbsp;1.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101200228/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SDdfAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 |date=1 January 2015 }} J.&nbsp;Easton (Salisbury), 1824.</ref> and, by the 14th century, was the largest settlement in Wiltshire.  The city wall surrounds the Close and was built in the 14th century, again with stones removed from the former cathedral at Old Sarum. The wall now has five gates: the High Street Gate, {{nowrap|St Ann's}} Gate, the Queen's Gate, and {{nowrap|St Nicholas's}} Gate were original, while a fifth was constructed in the 19th century to allow access to Bishop Wordsworth's School, in the Cathedral Close. During his time in the city, the composer [[Handel]] stayed in a room above St Ann's gate. The original site of the city at Old Sarum, meanwhile, fell into disuse. It continued as a [[rotten borough]]: at the time of its abolition during the reforms of 1832, its [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) represented three households.

In May 1289, there was uncertainty about the future of [[Margaret, Maid of Norway]], and her father sent ambassadors to [[Edward I of England|Edward I]]. Edward met [[Robert the Bruce]] and others at Salisbury in October 1289, which resulted in the [[Treaty of Salisbury (1289)|Treaty of Salisbury]], under which Margaret would be sent to Scotland before 1 November 1290 and any agreement on her future marriage would be delayed until she was in Scotland.<ref>Oram. ''Canmore Kings'', {{nowrap|p. 109}}.</ref>

The [[Parliament of England]] met at New Sarum in the years 1324, 1328, and 1384.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2012 |title=Parliaments held away from Westminster |url=http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN06471/SN06471.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609160550/http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN06471/SN06471.pdf |archive-date=9 June 2015 |access-date=10 February 2018 |website=House of Commons Library}}</ref>

In 1450, a number of riots broke out in Salisbury at roughly the same time as [[Jack Cade]] led a famous rebellion through London. The riots occurred for related reasons, although the declining fortunes of Salisbury's cloth trade may also have been influential. The violence peaked with the murder of the bishop, [[William Ayscough]], who had been involved with the government. In 1483, a large-scale rebellion against [[Richard III of England|Richard III]] broke out, led by his own 'kingmaker', [[Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham]]. After the revolt collapsed, Buckingham was executed at Salisbury, near the Bull's Head Inn. An [[act of Parliament]], the [[River Avon Navigation (Christchurch to New Sarum) Act 1664]] ([[16 & 17 Cha. 2]]. c. 12) was passed on 2 March 1665 for making the [[River Avon, Hampshire|River Avon]] navigable from [[Christchurch, Dorset|Christchurch]] to the city of New Sarum. and the work completed, only for the project to be ruined shortly thereafter by a major flood.<ref>Priestley, Joseph. [[:s:Historical Account of the Navigable Rivers, Canals, and Railways, of Great Britain/Avon River, Hampshire|''Historical Account of the Navigable Rivers, Canals, and Railways, of Great Britain, as a Reference to Nichols, Priestley & Walker's'' New Map of Inland Navigation, ''Derived from Original and Parliamentary Documents in the Possession of Joseph Priestley, Esq.'', p.&nbsp;37]]. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, & Green (London), 1831. Hosted at [[:s:Main Page|Wikisource]].</ref> Soon after, during the [[Great Plague of London]], [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] held court in Salisbury's cathedral close.

Salisbury was the site chosen to assemble [[James II of England|James II]]'s forces to resist the [[Glorious Revolution]]. He arrived to lead his approximately {{nowrap|19&thinsp;000}} men on 19 November 1688. His troops were not keen to fight Mary or her husband William, and the loyalty of many of James's commanders was in doubt. The first blood was shed at the [[Wincanton Skirmish]], in [[Somerset]]. In Salisbury, James heard that some of his officers had deserted, such as [[Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon|Edward Hyde]], and he broke out in a nosebleed, which he took as an omen that he should retreat. His commander in chief, the [[Louis de Duras, 2nd Earl of Feversham|Earl of Feversham]], advised retreat on 23 November, and the next day [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough|John Churchill]] defected to William. On 26 November, James's own daughter, [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Princess Anne]], did the same, and James returned to London the same day, never again to be at the head of a serious military force in England.<ref>Childs, J. ''The Army, James II, and the Glorious Revolution''. (Manchester), 1980.</ref>

===20th and 21st centuries===
[[File:Secret Spitfires Memorial 3.jpg|thumb|Secret Spitfire Memorial, view from the south]]
Following the destruction by the [[Luftwaffe]] of the Southampton factories building [[Supermarine Spitfire]]s in 1940, production was dispersed to [[shadow factories]] elsewhere in the south of England. Salisbury was the major centre of production, supplemented by [[Trowbridge]] and [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]]. Several factories were set up in the centre of Salisbury and staffed by predominantly young women who had no previous mechanical experience but were trained for specific tasks in the aircraft construction process. Supporting the factories were many workers producing small components in home-based workshops and garden sheds. Sub-assemblies were built in the city centre factories and then transported to [[RAF High Post|High Post]] airfield (north of the city, in Durnford parish) and Chattis Hill<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chattis Hill Airfield|url=https://www.hampshireairfields.co.uk/airfields/cha.html|access-date=2021-07-15|website=www.hampshireairfields.co.uk}}</ref> (northeast, near [[Stockbridge, Hampshire|Stockbridge]]), where the aircraft were assembled, test flown and then distributed to [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] airfields across England. A total of over 2000 Spitfires were produced. The whole process was carried out in secret without the knowledge of even the local people and only emerged into public knowledge after the production of a film describing the whole process.<ref>{{cite AV media
 | people = Ethem Cetintas, Karl Howman
 | title = The Secret Spitfires
 | medium = DVD
 | publisher = Secret Spitfires Charity
 | location = Salisbury, Southampton
 | date = 2015
 | url = https://www.secretspitfires.com/shop/directors-cut-dvd/}}</ref> In July 2021 a memorial to the workers, in the form of a life-size fibreglass model Mk IX Spitfire, was unveiled in Castle Road, Salisbury (near the rugby club) on the site of one of the factories.<ref>{{cite web
 | url = https://www.secretspitfiresmemorial.org.uk
 | title = Secret Spitfires
 | last =
 | first =
 | date = 
 | website = Secret Spitfires Charity
 | publisher =
 | access-date = 14 July 2021
 | quote = }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 | url = https://www.salisburyjournal.co.uk/news/19433956.salisbury-celebrates-secret-spitfire-memorial-ceremony-fly-past/
 | title = Salisbury celebrates Secret Spitfire Memorial with ceremony and fly-past
 | last = Gibson
 | first = Gemma
 | date = 10 July 2021
 | website =
 | publisher = Salisbury journal
 | access-date = 14 July 2021
 | quote = }}</ref>

At the time of the [[1948 Summer Olympics]], held in London, a relay of runners carried the [[Olympic Flame]] from [[Wembley Stadium]], where the Games were based, to the sailing centre at [[Torbay]] via [[Slough]], [[Basingstoke]], Salisbury, and [[Exeter]].{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

The [[Local Government Act 1972]] eliminated the administration of the City of New Sarum under its former charters, but its successor, [[Wiltshire County Council|Wiltshire County]]'s [[Salisbury District]], continued to be accorded its former city status. The name was finally formally amended from "New Sarum" to "Salisbury" during the [[2009 structural changes to local government in England|2009 changes]] occasioned by the [[Local Government Act 1992]], which established the Salisbury City Council.

On 4 March 2018, former Russian double agent [[Sergei Skripal]] and his daughter, Yulia Skripal, were [[Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal|poisoned in Salisbury]] with a [[Novichok]] nerve agent.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Russian spy: What we know so far |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-43315636 |url-status=live |access-date=6 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531172802/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-43315636 |archive-date=31 May 2019}}</ref>

==Governance==
[[File:The Guildhall (geograph 2437520).jpg|thumb|[[Salisbury Guildhall]], completed in 1795, is now the meeting place of the City Council.]]
{{Main|Salisbury City Council|Wiltshire Council}}
Salisbury is within the county of [[Wiltshire]], and the administrative district of the same name. For local government purposes, it is administered by the [[Wiltshire Council]] unitary authority. Salisbury forms a civil parish with a parish council known as the [[Salisbury City Council]].

Since the local boundary review of 2020, two [[Wards and electoral divisions of the United Kingdom|electoral wards]] – St Edmund and Harnham East – cover the city centre within the [[A36 road|A36 ring road]], and the rest of the unitary and city council areas are covered by six further wards. [[Laverstock and Ford]] parish council has the same boundary as the Laverstock ward, as well as part of the [[Old Sarum]] and Upper Bourne Valley ward, at unitary level.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Maps |url=https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/election-maps/gb/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220103943/https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/election-maps/gb/ |archive-date=20 February 2016 |access-date=14 February 2018 |website=Ordnance Survey}}</ref> The Bishopdown Farm estate on the outskirts of Salisbury is now part of Laverstock and Ford, joining Hampton Park and Riverdown Park.

Prior to 2009, Salisbury was part of the now-abolished non-metropolitan county of Wiltshire. It was governed by [[Wiltshire County Council]] at the county level and [[Salisbury District]] Council, which oversaw most of south Wiltshire as well as the city. Salisbury (previously officially New Sarum) has had city status since time immemorial.

The Member of Parliament for the [[Salisbury (UK Parliament constituency)|Salisbury constituency]], which includes the city, [[Wilton, Wiltshire|Wilton]], Old Sarum, [[Laverstock]] and surrounding rural areas, is [[John Glen (politician)|John Glen]] ([[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]),<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 July 2024 |title=Salisbury – General election results 2024 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/election/2024/uk/constituencies/E14001460 |access-date=2024-07-20 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> who was first elected in 2010.

==Geography==
Salisbury is approximately halfway between Exeter and London being 80 miles (128&nbsp;km) east-northeast of [[Exeter]], 78 miles (126&nbsp;km) west-southwest of London and also {{convert|34|mi|km}} south of [[Swindon]], {{convert|20|mi|km}} northwest of [[Southampton]] and {{convert|32|mi|km}} southeast of [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]].[[File:Queen Elizabeth Gardens 2011.jpg|thumb|Queen Elizabeth Gardens, showing part of the River Avon diverted through the gardens]]
The geology of the area, as with much of South Wiltshire and [[Hampshire]], is largely chalk.  The rivers which flow through the city have been redirected, and along with landscaping, have been used to feed into public gardens.  They are popular in the summer, particularly in Queen Elizabeth Gardens, as the water there is shallow and slow-flowing enough to enter safely.  Because of the low-lying land, the rivers are prone to flooding, particularly during the winter months.  The Town Path, a walkway that links [[Harnham]] with the rest of the city, is at times impassable.

[[Water-meadow]]s at Harnham, fed by two branches of the [[River Nadder]], are first documented in the 17th century.<ref>{{cite web |title=Harnham Water Meadows Trust |url=https://www.salisburywatermeadows.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Historic England |title=Conserving Historic Water Meadows |page=16}}</ref> [[East Harnham Meadows]], in the floodplain of the [[River Avon, Hampshire|Avon]], is a [[Site of Special Scientific Interest]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=East Harnham Meadows SSSI |url=https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/SiteDetail.aspx?SiteCode=S2000175&SiteName=&countyCode=48&responsiblePerson=&SeaArea=&IFCAArea= |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=Natural England}}</ref>

There are civil airfields at [[Old Sarum Airfield|Old Sarum]] (where the experimental aircraft the [[Edgley Optica]] was developed and tested) and at [[Thruxton, Hampshire|Thruxton]] near [[Andover, Hampshire|Andover]].

===Areas and suburbs===
Salisbury has many areas and suburbs, most of them being former villages that were absorbed by the growth of the city. The boundaries of these areas are for the most part unofficial and not fixed. All of these suburbs are within Salisbury's ONS Urban Area, which had a population of 44,748 in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salisbury (Wiltshire, South West England, United Kingdom) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information |url=http://citypopulation.de/php/uk-england-southwestengland.php?cityid=E34004306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805180929/http://citypopulation.de/php/uk-england-southwestengland.php?cityid=E34004306 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |access-date=5 August 2017 |website=citypopulation.de}}</ref> However, not all of these suburbs are administered by the city council, and are therefore not within the eight wards that had a combined population of 40,302 in 2011. Two parishes are part of the urban area but outside Salisbury parish.

{{Div col |colwidth=22em}}
* [[Bemerton]]
* [[Bemerton|Lower Bemerton]]
* [[Bemerton]] Heath
* [[Laverstock and Ford|Hampton Park]]
* [[Laverstock and Ford]] (outside city council area)
* City Centre
* Churchfields
* [[East Harnham]]
* [[West Harnham]]
* Harnham Hill
* [[Stratford-sub-Castle]]
* St Paul's
* St Francis
* Fisherton 
* St Mark's 
* Bishopdown
* [[Milford, Wiltshire|Milford]]
* St Edmund
* Petersfinger
* [[Netherhampton]] (outside city council area)
* Paul's Dene
* Friary Estate (formerly known as [[Bugmore]])
* St Martin's
{{div col end}}

Surrounding parishes, villages and towns rely on Salisbury for some services. The following are within a 4-mile radius of the city centre and are listed in approximately clockwise order:

{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Britford]]
* [[Odstock]]
* [[Quidhampton, Wiltshire|Quidhampton]]
* [[Nunton]]
* [[Homington]]
* [[Old Sarum]]
* [[Little Durnford]]
* [[Fugglestone St Peter]]
* [[Alderbury]]
* [[Bodenham, Wiltshire|Bodenham]]
* [[Downton, Wiltshire|Downton]]
* [[Wilton, Wiltshire|Wilton]]
* [[Charlton-All-Saints|Charlton All Saints]]
* [[Ditchampton]]
* [[Bulbridge]]
* [[Coombe Bissett]]
* [[Ugford]]
* [[South Newton]]
* [[Winterbourne Earls]]
* [[Winterbourne Gunner]]
* [[Winterbourne Dauntsey]]
{{div col end}}

==Demography==
The [[Civil parishes in England|civil parish]] of Salisbury, which does not include some of the city's suburbs such as [[Laverstock and Ford|Laverstock, Ford]], [[Britford]] and [[Netherhampton]], had a population of 40,302 at the [[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 census]].<ref name="2011census">{{NOMIS2011|id=1170219621|title=Salisbury Parish|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref>

The [[Larger Urban Zone|urban zone]], which contains the wards immediately surrounding the city, had a population of 62,216 at the 2011 Census.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Local statistics – Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/help/localstatistics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190311193218/https://www.ons.gov.uk/help/localstatistics |archive-date=11 March 2019 |access-date=21 April 2019 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref> The wards included in this figure are [[Laverstock and Ford|Laverstock]], [[Britford]], [[Downton, Wiltshire|Downton]], [[Alderbury]], [[Odstock]] and the neighbouring town of [[Wilton, Wiltshire|Wilton]], among others, however it does not include the towns of [[Amesbury]] or [[Romsey]], as these support their own local populations and are further afield.

At the 2011 census the population of the civil parish was 95.73% white (91.00% [[White British]]), 2.48% [[British Asian|Asian]] (0.74% [[British Indian|Indian]], 0.41% [[British Bangladeshi|Bangladeshi]], 0.40% [[Han Chinese|Chinese]]), 0.45% black and 1.15% mixed race. Within the parish, the largest ethnic minority group was 'other white' comprising 3.6% of the population as of 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Neighbourhood Statistics |title=British government census statistics for race and ethnicity |url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11128149&c=Salisbury&d=16&e=61&g=6476082&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1399017573656&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2575 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502235226/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11128149&c=Salisbury&d=16&e=61&g=6476082&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1399017573656&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2575 |archive-date=2 May 2014 |access-date=2 May 2014 |publisher=Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk}}</ref> There is not much contrast between areas when it comes to ethnic diversity. The ward of St Edmund and Milford is the most multiethnic, with 86.0% of the population being White British.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Services |first=Good Stuff IT |title=Salisbury St Edmund and Milford – UK Census Data 2011 |url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/salisbury-st-edmund-and-milford-e05008389 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922004548/http://www.ukcensusdata.com/salisbury-st-edmund-and-milford-e05008389 |archive-date=22 September 2017 |access-date=21 April 2019 |website=UK Census Data}}</ref> The least multiethnic is the ward of St Francis and Stratford, which contains suburbs in the north of the city, with 94.8% of the population being White British.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Services |first=Good Stuff IT |title=Salisbury St Francis and Stratford – UK Census Data 2011 |url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/salisbury-st-francis-and-stratford-e05008390 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113063534/http://www.ukcensusdata.com/salisbury-st-francis-and-stratford-e05008390 |archive-date=13 November 2017 |access-date=21 April 2019 |website=UK Census Data}}</ref> The city is represented by six other wards.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Ethnic Groups, 2011
|-
! !! Salisbury CP<ref name="2011census" /> !! Salisbury UA<ref>{{NOMIS2011|id=1119883473|title=Salisbury Built-up area|access-date=6 April 2018}}</ref>!! Wiltshire 
|-
| White British || 91.0% || 91.3% || 93.4%
|-
| Asian || 2.5% || 2.4% || 1.3%
|-
| Black || 0.5% || 0.4% || 0.7%
|}

Within the parish, the largest ethnic minority group was 'other white' comprising 3.6% of the population as of 2011.

86.43% of the civil parish's population were born in England, 3.94% were born elsewhere in the UK. 4.94% were born elsewhere in the EU (including the [[Republic of Ireland]]), while 4.70% of the population were born outside the EU.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Neighbourhood Statistics |title=British government census statistics for country of birth |url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11128149&c=Salisbury&d=16&e=61&g=6476082&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1399017573641&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2525 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502235845/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11128149&c=Salisbury&d=16&e=61&g=6476082&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1399017573641&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2525 |archive-date=2 May 2014 |access-date=2 May 2014 |publisher=Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk}}</ref>

62.49% of the civil parish's population declared their religion to be Christianity, while 27.09% stated "no religion" and 8.02% declined to state their religion.<ref name="Neighbourhood Statistics">{{Cite web |last=Neighbourhood Statistics |title=British government census statistics for religion |url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11128149&c=Salisbury&d=16&e=61&g=6476082&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1399017573656&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2579 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502232937/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11128149&c=Salisbury&d=16&e=61&g=6476082&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1399017573656&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2579 |archive-date=2 May 2014 |access-date=2 May 2014 |publisher=Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk}}</ref> 0.79% of the population declared their religion to be [[Islam]], 0.41% [[Buddhism]], 0.40% [[Hinduism]] and 0.80% as another religion.<ref name="Neighbourhood Statistics" />

95.89% of the civil parish's population considered their "main language" to be English, while 1.12% considered it to be [[Polish language|Polish]], 0.28% considered it to be [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and 0.24% considered it to be [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Neighbourhood Statistics |title=British government census statistics for main language |url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11128149&c=Salisbury&d=16&e=61&g=6476082&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1399017573656&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2528 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502233451/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11128149&c=Salisbury&d=16&e=61&g=6476082&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1399017573656&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2528 |archive-date=2 May 2014 |access-date=2 May 2014 |publisher=Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk}}</ref> 99.43% of the population claimed to be able to speak English well or very well.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Neighbourhood Statistics |title=British government census statistics for proficiency in English |url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11128149&c=Salisbury&d=16&e=61&g=6476082&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1399017573656&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2500 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502234748/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11128149&c=Salisbury&d=16&e=61&g=6476082&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1399017573656&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2500 |archive-date=2 May 2014 |access-date=2 May 2014 |publisher=Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk}}</ref>

In 2001, 22.33% of Salisbury's population were aged between 30 and 44, 42.76% were over 45, and 13.3% were between 18 and 29.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Neighbourhood Statistics |title=British government census statistics for age |url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=277143&c=Salisbury&d=13&e=15&g=498191&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1336139701751 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606155627/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=277143&c=Salisbury&d=13&e=15&g=498191&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1336139701751 |archive-date=6 June 2013 |access-date=17 July 2010 |publisher=Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk}}</ref>

==Economy==
[[File:SalisburyMarket20040724 CopyrightKaihsuTai.jpg|thumb|The 15th-century Poultry Cross marked the section of the market trading in poultry.|alt=]]
[[File:Salisbury, Butchers Row.png|thumb|upright|Butchers Row in the city centre]]

Salisbury holds a charter [[Marketplace|market]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Charter Market|url=http://www.salisburycitycouncil.gov.uk/c/charter-market|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528052010/http://www.salisburycitycouncil.gov.uk/c/charter-market|archive-date=28 May 2015|access-date=16 June 2015|website=www.salisburycitycouncil.gov.uk}}</ref> on Tuesdays and Saturdays and has held markets regularly since 1227.  In the 15th century the Market Place had four crosses: the [[Poultry Cross (Salisbury)|Poultry Cross]], whose name describes its market; the 'cheese and milk cross', which indicated that market and was in the triangle between the HSBC bank and the Salisbury Library; a third cross near the site of the present war memorial, which marked a woollen and yarn market; and a fourth, called Barnwell or Barnard's Cross, in the Culver Street and Barnard Street area, which marked a cattle and livestock market.<ref name="wilt193" /> Today, only the Poultry Cross remains, to which [[flying buttress]]es were added in the 19th century.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1243148|desc=The Poultry Cross|access-date=14 February 2021|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> The Market Hall, later known as the [[Corn Exchange, Salisbury|Corn Exchange]], was completed in 1859.<ref>{{NHLE|desc=The Market Hall|num=1259888|access-date=10 July 2023}}</ref>

In 1226, [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] granted the Bishop of Salisbury a charter to hold a fair lasting eight days from the Feast of the [[Assumption of Mary]] (15 August).<ref name="fairs">{{Cite web |title=Wiltshire |url=http://www.history.ac.uk/cmh/gaz/wilts.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101204539/http://www.history.ac.uk/cmh/gaz/wilts.html |archive-date=1 January 2011 |access-date=12 April 2010 |website=Gazetteer OF MARKETS AND FAIRS IN ENGLAND AND WALES TO 1516 |date=18 June 2003 |publisher=Centre for Metropolitan History}}</ref> Over the centuries the dates of the fair have moved around, but in its modern guise, a funfair is now held in the Market Place for three days from the third Monday in October.

{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title           = Salisbury Gas Act 1864
| type                  = Act
| parliament            = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title            = 
| year                  = 1864
| citation              = [[27 & 28 Vict.]] c. xxiii
| introduced_commons    = 
| introduced_lords      = 
| territorial_extent    = 
| royal_assent          = 13 May 1864
| commencement          = 
| expiry_date           = 
| repeal_date           = 
| amends                = 
| replaces              = 
| amendments            = 
| repealing_legislation = 
| related_legislation   = 
| status                = 
| legislation_history   = 
| theyworkforyou        = 
| millbankhansard       = 
| original_text         = 
| revised_text          = 
| use_new_UK-LEG        = 
| UK-LEG_title          = 
| collapsed             = yes
}}
From 1833 to the mid-1980s, the {{visible anchor|Salisbury Gas Light and Coke Company}}, which ran the city's gasworks, was one of the major employers in the area. The company was formed in 1832 with a share capital of £8,000, and its first chairman was the [[William Pleydell-Bouverie, 3rd Earl of Radnor|3rd Earl of Radnor]]. The company was incorporated by a local [[act of Parliament]], the '''{{visible anchor|Salisbury Gas Act 1864}}''' ([[27 & 28 Vict.]] c. xxiii), and the '''{{visible anchor|Salisbury Gas Order 1882}}''' confirmed by the [[Gas Orders Confirmation Act 1882]] ([[45 & 46 Vict.]] c. xcix) empowered it to raise capital of up to £40,000.  At its peak, the gasworks were producing not only [[coal gas]] but also [[coke (fuel)|coke]], which was sold off as the by-product of gas-making.  Ammoniacal liquor, another by-product, was mixed with sulphuric acid, dried and ground to make a powder which was sold as an agricultural fertiliser. The clinker from the retort house was sold to a firm in London to be used as purifier beds in the construction of [[sewage works]].<ref>Watts, John (1991) ''Salisbury Gasworks: The Salisbury Gas Light & Coke Company'' Salisbury: South Wiltshire Industrial Archaeology Society {{ISBN|0-906195-12-8}}</ref>

[[Salisbury power station]] supplied electricity to Salisbury and the surrounding area from 1898 to 1970. The power station was at Town Mill and was owned and operated by Salisbury Electric Light and Supply Company Limited prior to the nationalisation of the British electricity supply industry in 1948. The [[coal-fired power station]] was redeveloped several times to incorporate new plant including a water-driven turbine.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Garrett|first=Frederick|title=Garcke's Manual of Electricity Supply vol. 56|publisher=Electrical Press|year=1959|location=London|pages=A-92, A-133}}</ref>

From the Middle Ages to the start of the 20th century, Salisbury was noted for its [[Salisbury cutlery industry|cutlery industry]]. Early motor cars were manufactured in the city from 1902 by Dean and Burden Brothers, using the Scout Motors brand. In 1907, the company moved to a larger factory at Churchfields; each car took six to eight weeks to build, mostly using bodies made elsewhere by coachbuilders. By 1912, 150 men were employed and the company was also making small commercial vehicles and 20-seater buses, some of which were later used by the newly established [[Wilts & Dorset]] operator. The Scout company failed in 1921 after wartime disruption and competition from larger makers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2020 |title=Scout Motors of Salisbury 1902–1921 |url=https://wshc.org.uk/blog/item/scout-motors-of-salisbury.html |access-date=24 April 2023 |website=[[Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre]]}}</ref>

Shopping centres include The Old George Mall, The Maltings, Winchester Street, and the Crosskeys precinct. Major employers include [[Salisbury District Hospital]]. The closure of the [[Friends Life]] office, the second largest employer, was announced in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cork |first=Tristan |date=15 June 2015 |title=450 jobs to go in Salisbury as Aviva shuts Friends Life offices |url=http://www.westerndailypress.co.uk/450-jobs-Salisbury-Aviva-shuts-Friends-Life/story-26700087-detail/story.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713010238/http://www.westerndailypress.co.uk/450-jobs-Salisbury-Aviva-shuts-Friends-Life/story-26700087-detail/story.html |archive-date=13 July 2015 |access-date=13 July 2015 |website=Western Daily Press}}</ref>

==Culture==
[[File:Salisbury High Street 20040724.jpg|thumb|Salisbury High Street]]
Salisbury was an important centre for music in the 18th century. The [[grammar]]ian [[James Harris (grammarian)|James Harris]], a friend of [[Handel]], directed concerts at the Assembly Rooms for almost 50 years up to his death in 1780. Many of the most famous musicians and singers of the day performed there.<ref>''Music and Theatre in Handel's World: The Family Papers of [[James Harris (grammarian)|James Harris]] 1732–1780'', by Donald Burrows and Rosemary Dunhill, Oxford University Press, USA (29 March 2002)</ref>

Salisbury holds an annual [[St George's Day]] pageant, the origins of which are claimed to go back to the 13th century.{{fact|date=June 2024}}

Salisbury has a strong artistic community, with galleries situated in the city centre, including the [[Young Gallery]] (incorporating the [[John Creasey Museum]]), located in Salisbury Library. In the 18th century, [[John Constable]] made a number of celebrated [[landscape art|landscape paintings]] featuring the cathedral's spire and the surrounding countryside. Salisbury's annual International Arts Festival, started in 1973, and held in late May to early June, provides a programme of theatre, live music, dance, public sculpture, street performance and art exhibitions. Salisbury also houses a producing theatre, [[Salisbury Playhouse]], which produces between eight and ten plays a year, as well as welcoming touring productions.

===The Salisbury Museum===
[[File:Kings House Salisbury Museum.jpg|thumb|The Salisbury Museum, housed in the King's House]]
[[The Salisbury Museum]] is housed in the [[The King's House, Salisbury|King's House]], a Grade I listed building whose history dates back to the 13th century, opposite the west front of the cathedral.

The permanent Stonehenge exhibition gallery has interactive displays about Stonehenge and the archaeology of south Wiltshire, and its collections include the skeleton of the [[Amesbury Archer]], which is on display.
The Pitt Rivers display holds a collection from General [[Augustus Pitt Rivers]].
The costume gallery showcases costumes and textiles from the area, with costumes for children to try on while imagining themselves as characters from Salisbury's past.{{fact|date=June 2024}}

The former home of [[Sir Edward Heath]], [[Arundells]] in the Cathedral Close, is open as a museum.

==Twin towns and sister cities==
Salisbury has been [[twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with [[Saintes, Charente-Maritime|Saintes]], France, since 1990,<ref name="twinning">{{Cite web |title=Twinning and Sister Cities |url=http://www.salisburycitycouncil.gov.uk/responsibilities/twinning-and-sister-cities |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219213739/http://www.salisburycitycouncil.gov.uk/responsibilities/twinning-and-sister-cities |archive-date=19 February 2018 |access-date=7 March 2018 |publisher=Salisbury City Council}}</ref> and with [[Xanten]], Germany, since 2005.<ref name=twinning/> Salisbury is also a sister city of [[Salisbury, North Carolina]] and [[Salisbury, Maryland]], both of which are in the United States.<ref name=twinning/>

==Education==
In the 13th and 14th centuries, Salisbury was a seat of learning, with students of theology and the [[liberal arts]] taught at the [[College of the Valley Scholars]], founded by Bishop [[Giles of Bridport]] in 1262. This has some claim to be seen as the first university college in England,<ref name=ABC>Alan B. Cobban, ''The King's Hall Within the University of Cambridge in the Later Middle Ages'' (2007), p. 18]</ref> as it was founded three years before [[Merton College, Oxford]]. Most of the scholars transferred to Salisbury Hall, Oxford, in 1325.<ref name=AFL>[[Arthur Francis Leach]], ''English Schools at the Reformation 1546-8'' (1896), [https://books.google.com/books?id=P7McAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA21 p. 21]</ref> 

There are several schools in and around Salisbury. The city has the only grammar schools in Wiltshire, [[South Wilts Grammar School]] for girls and [[Bishop Wordsworth's School]] for boys; since September 2020, both have mixed [[sixth form]]s. Other schools in or near the city include [[Salisbury Cathedral School]], [[Chafyn Grove School]], [[Leehurst Swan School]], the [[Godolphin School|Godolphin]] senior and prep schools, [[Sarum Academy]], [[St Joseph's Catholic School, Laverstock|St Joseph's Catholic School]], and [[Wyvern St Edmund's]].

Sixth-form education is offered by [[Salisbury Sixth Form College]], while the Salisbury campus of [[Wiltshire College]] offers a range of [[further education]] courses, as well as some higher education courses in association with [[Bournemouth University]]. [[Sarum College]] is a Christian [[theological college]], within the [[Cathedral close]].

==Transport==

===Road===
The main transport links for the city are the roads. Salisbury lies on the intersection of the [[A30 road|A30]], the [[A36 road|A36]], and the [[A338 road|A338]], and is at the end of the [[A343 road|A343]], [[A345 road|A345]], [[A354 road|A354]], and [[A360 road|A360]]. Car parks around the periphery of the city are linked to the city centre by a park-and-ride scheme (see details in the bus section below). The A36 forms an almost complete ring road around the city centre. The A3094 comprises the southwestern quadrant of the ring road, passing through the city's outer suburbs.

The lack of adequate roads is a cause of concern to the people of Salisbury as there are no motorway links to the ports of [[Southampton]] and [[Bristol]]. The closest motorway access is at junction 2 of the [[M27 motorway|M27]] at Southampton, and at junction 8 of the [[M3 motorway (Great Britain)|M3]] near [[Basingstoke]]. Traffic passes around the city centre on the A36 to [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]].

===Bus===
[[File:Salisbury bus station 2010.jpg|thumb|Salisbury bus station in 2010 (since closed)]]
There are bus links to [[Southampton]], [[Bournemouth]], Andover, [[Devizes]], and [[Swindon]], with limited services on Sundays. [[Salisbury Reds (bus company)|Salisbury Reds]], a brand of [[Go South Coast]], is the main local operator. Wheelers Travel provide services to [[Shaftesbury]] and Andover, as well as intermediate-distance services.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bus times |url=http://www.wheelerstravel.co.uk/index.php?p=20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416200931/http://www.wheelerstravel.co.uk/index.php?p=20 |archive-date=16 April 2018 |access-date=16 April 2018 |website=Wheelers Travel}}</ref> Other operators include [[Stagecoach South|Stagecoach]] (Amesbury, Tidworth, Andover) and Beeline (Warminster).

Salisbury has a [[Park and Ride]] bus scheme with five sites around the city. The scheme attempts to relieve pressure on the city centre, but as of 2010, ran at an annual loss of £1&nbsp;million.<ref name="sjpr">{{Cite news |last=Riddle |first=Annie |date=25 February 2010 |title=Park and ride losing £1million |work=Salisbury Journal |url=http://www.salisburyjournal.co.uk/news/5024727.Park_and_ride_losing___1million/ |url-status=live |access-date=12 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414013025/http://www.salisburyjournal.co.uk/news/5024727.Park_and_ride_losing___1million/ |archive-date=14 April 2010}}</ref>

[[Salisbury bus station]], which opened in 1939, closed in January 2014 due to high operating costs and low usage.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=4 January 2014 |title=Bus station closes after 75 years |language=en-GB |work=BBC News: Wiltshire |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-wiltshire-25603828 |url-status=live |access-date=16 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027003020/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-wiltshire-25603828 |archive-date=27 October 2018}}</ref> Situated in Endless Street, on the northeastern edge of the city centre, the site was later developed into retirement homes, which opened in February 2018.

===Railways===
[[Salisbury railway station]] is the crossing point of the [[West of England Main Line]], from {{stnlink|London Waterloo}} to {{stnlink|Exeter St Davids}}, and the [[Wessex Main Line]] from {{stnlink|Bristol Temple Meads}} to {{stnlink|Southampton Central}}. The station is operated by [[South Western Railway (train operating company)|South Western Railway]]. [[Great Western Railway (train operating company)|Great Western Railway]] hourly trains call from {{stnlink|Cardiff Central}}, Bristol Temple Meads, {{stnlink|Bath Spa}} to Southampton Central and {{stnlink|Portsmouth Harbour}}.

==Churches==
Besides the cathedral church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Salisbury has several churches of various denominations. Three of them – St Martin, St Thomas and St Lawrence (Stratford-sub-Castle) – are [[Grade I listed]].

===Medieval===
[[File:Salisbury - St Martin's Church - geograph.org.uk - 1184177.jpg|thumb|St Martin's Church (Church of England)]]
[[Church of St Martin, Salisbury|St Martin's Church]] predates the establishment of the cathedral at New Sarum. The church is on the south side of Milford Hill, beyond the eastern edge of the medieval town. The chancel is from c.1230, the tower (with spire) is 14th-century and the nave and aisles are from the late 15th century, but there is evidence of an earlier church and of Saxon burials.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1259041|desc=Church of St Martin|access-date=10 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> The parish has a long-standing [[Anglo-Catholic]] tradition.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarum St Martin |url=https://www.achurchnearyou.com/church/19776/find-us/ |access-date=10 April 2023 |website=A Church Near You |publisher=The Archbishops' Council}}</ref>

[[Church of St Edmund, Salisbury|St Edmund's]] was founded as a [[collegiate church]] in 1269, in the north of the city. It was originally a larger building which was damaged when the central tower fell in 1653; the nave was demolished and a new tower was built at the west end. A chancel was added in 1766 and then rebuilt in 1865–1867 by [[Sir George Gilbert Scott]]. The church was declared [[Redundant church|redundant]] in 1974 and reopened as Salisbury Arts Centre in 1975. A two-storey addition was built on the north side in 2003–2005.<ref name="Orbach">{{Cite book |last1=Orbach |first1=Julian |title=Wiltshire |last2=Pevsner |first2=Nikolaus |last3=Cherry |first3=Bridget |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |year=2021 |isbn=978-0-300-25120-3 |series=The Buildings Of England |location=New Haven, US and London |pages=590–597 |oclc=1201298091 |author-link2=Nikolaus Pevsner |author-link3=Bridget Cherry}}</ref>

[[File:Medieval painting, St Thomas's Church, Salisbury UK.jpg|thumb|upright|The 15th-century doom painting in St Thomas' church]]
[[St Thomas's Church, Salisbury|St Thomas']] church has a central position, just west of the market square. It was founded in the early 13th century and rebuilt in the 15th at the expense of the city's prosperous merchants.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1273123|desc=Church of St Thomas|access-date=13 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> Above the chancel arch is a large 15th-century [[Doom paintings|doom painting]], "one of the best surviving" according to Orbach.<ref name="Orbach" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dowson |first=Thomas |title=The Doom Painting of St Thomas' Church, Salisbury |url=https://archaeology-travel.com/england/doom-painting-st-thomas-church-salisbury/ |access-date=10 April 2023 |website=archaeology-travel.com|date=24 February 2022 }}</ref>

The churches of three rural parishes are in areas now absorbed into Salisbury. St George's at [[West Harnham]] was begun in the 12th century and altered in the early 14th century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=St George, West Harnham, Wiltshire |url=https://www.crsbi.ac.uk/view-item?i=2609 |access-date=10 April 2023 |website=The Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture in Britain and Ireland |publisher=King's College London}}</ref><ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1242798|desc=Church of St George|access-date=10 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> [[St Lawrence, Stratford-sub-Castle]], was built in the 13th century for the settlement near [[Old Sarum]], at first as a [[chapelry]] of St Martin's.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1272953|desc=Church of St Lawrence|access-date=13 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}}</ref><ref name="vch-churches">{{Cite book |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol6/pp144-155 |title=A History of the County of Wiltshire, Volume 6 |date=1962 |publisher=University of London |editor-last=Crittall |editor-first=Elizabeth |series=[[Victoria County History]] |pages=144–155 |chapter=Salisbury: Churches |access-date=13 April 2023 |via=British History Online}}</ref> The small church of St Andrew at [[Bemerton]] was built in the 14th century on the site of an earlier church.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1023696|desc=Church of St Andrew|access-date=13 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> It is associated with the poet and priest [[George Herbert]], rector from 1630 until his death in 1633.

===19th century===
[[St Osmund's Church, Salisbury|St Osmund's]] (Catholic) is on Exeter Street in the city centre, a short distance east of the cathedral. It was designed by [[Augustus Pugin]], who also designed some of the stained glass, and was consecrated in 1848.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1241985|desc=Church of St Osmund|access-date=10 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>

[[St Paul's Church, Salisbury|St Paul's church]], serving part of the northern suburbs, was built near the start of the Devizes road in 1853. It was a replacement for St Clement's at Fisherton village, which had stood near the [[River Nadder|Nadder]] since at least the 14th century. The style of worship has been [[Evangelicalism|evangelical]] since the 1860s.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol6/pp180-194#h3-0005 |title=A History of the County of Wiltshire, Volume 6 |date=1962 |publisher=University of London |editor-last=Crittall |editor-first=Elizabeth |series=[[Victoria County History]] |pages=180–194 |chapter=Fisherton Anger |access-date=10 April 2023 |via=British History Online}}</ref>

The small All Saints' church was built at East Harnham in 1854, to designs of [[Thomas Henry Wyatt|T.H. Wyatt]].<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1242276|desc=Church of All Saints|access-date=10 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>

In 1861, St John's church was built at Bemerton to supplement St Andrew's. The building was declared redundant in 2010 and reopened in 2016 as a community centre and events venue.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2015 |title=Village church saved after meeting fundraising target |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-wiltshire-33573798 |access-date=10 April 2023 |website=BBC News: Wiltshire}}</ref>

[[St Mark's Church, Salisbury|St Mark's]] was dedicated in 1894 to serve the expanding northern suburbs. The church is described as "ambitious" by [[Historic England]] and "expensively detailed" by Orbach.<ref name="Orbach" /> Construction was in stages, finishing in 1915, and the upper part of the tower was never built.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1259035|desc=Church of St Mark|access-date=10 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>

19th-century buildings for other denominations include, in the city centre, the Methodist Church (1811, enlarged later);<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1258943|desc=Methodist Community Church|access-date=11 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> the United Reformed Church (originally Congregational, 1879);<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1355795|desc=Congregational Church|access-date=11 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> Elim Pentecostal Church (originally Primitive Methodist, 1896, now a nightclub);<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1243577|desc=Elim Pentecostal Church|access-date=11 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> and on Wilton Road, Emmanuel Church (1860).<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1272928|desc=Emmanuel Free Evangelical Church|access-date=11 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>

===20th century===
[[File:Church of St. Gregory and the English Martyrs, (1) Salisbury, UK.jpg|thumb|Church of St. Gregory and the English Martyrs, Salisbury (Roman Catholic)]]
The Roman Catholic St. Gregory's Church was built in the city's western suburbs in 1938.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salisbury - St Gregory and the English Martyrs |url=https://taking-stock.org.uk/building/salisbury-st-gregory-and-the-english-martyrs/ |access-date=2024-02-05 |website=Taking Stock |language=en-GB}}</ref>

As the city's suburbs extended further north, [[St Francis's Church, Salisbury|St Francis's church]] was consecrated in 1940 to serve an area which had been part of Stratford-sub-Castle parish. Worship is [[Evangelicalism|evangelical]] in style, and services are designed to appeal to families and young people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About: Story |url=https://www.st-francischurch.org.uk/about/story/ |access-date=21 March 2023 |website=St Francis Church|date=20 November 2013 }}</ref>

==Sport and leisure==
The city has a [[Association football|football]] team, [[Salisbury F.C.]], who play in the {{English football updater|Salisbur}} and are based at the [[Raymond McEnhill Stadium]], on the northern edge of the city. Other [[Non-League football|non-league]] clubs are [[Bemerton Heath Harlequins F.C.]] and [[Laverstock & Ford F.C.]]

[[File:Salisbury racecourse.jpg|thumb|Salisbury Racecourse with the cathedral in the distance]]
[[Salisbury RFC|Salisbury Rugby Club]], which is based at Castle Road, plays in [[Southern Counties South]]. [[South Wilts Cricket Club]] is based at the [[Salisbury and South Wiltshire Sports Club]] and play in the [[Southern Premier Cricket League]]. [[Salisbury Hockey Club]] is also based at the Salisbury and South Wilts Sports Club.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salisbury Hockey Club |url=http://www.salisburyhc.co.uk/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505050906/http://www.salisburyhc.co.uk/ |archive-date=5 May 2013 |access-date=17 March 2013}}</ref>

The Five Rivers Leisure Centre and Swimming Pool, which was opened in 2002, is just outside the ring road. [[Salisbury Racecourse]] is a [[flat racing]] course to the south-west of the city. Five Rivers Indoor Bowls Club and Salisbury Snooker Club share a building on Tollgate Road, behind the college.

[[Old Sarum Airfield]], north of the city centre, is home to a variety of aviation-based businesses, including flying schools and the APT Charitable Trust for disabled flyers.

The city's theatre is the [[Salisbury Playhouse]]. The City Hall is an entertainment venue and hosts comedy, musical performances (including those by the resident Musical Theatre Salisbury), as well as seminars and conventions. [[Salisbury Arts Centre]], housed in a redundant church, has exhibitions and workshops.

Salisbury is well-supplied with [[Public house|pubs]]. The ''Haunch of Venison'', overlooking the Poultry Cross, operates from a 14th-century building; one of its attractions is a cast of a [[Mummy|mummified]] hand, supposedly severed during a game of cards.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 March 2004 |title=Mummified hand stolen from pub |work=BBC News: Wiltshire |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/wiltshire/3515304.stm |url-status=live |access-date=19 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313191645/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/wiltshire/3515304.stm |archive-date=13 March 2007}}</ref> The ''Rai d'Or'' has original deeds dating from 1292. It was the home of Agnes Bottenham, who used the profits of the tavern to found Trinity Hospital next door in c. 1380.

==Notable people==

===Born before 1900===
*[[John of Salisbury]] (c. 1120–1180),<ref>[https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2015/entries/john-salisbury/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Archive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318085609/https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2015/entries/john-salisbury/ |date=18 March 2019 }} retrieved 28 September 2017</ref> author, educationalist, diplomat and [[bishop of Chartres]], born at Salisbury
*[[Simon Forman]] (1552 in Quidhampton, [[Fugglestone St Peter]] – 1611),<ref>{{cite DNB |wstitle= Forman, Simon |volume= 19 |last= Lee |first= Sidney |author-link= Sidney Lee | pages= 438-441 |short= 1}}</ref> astrologer, occultist and [[herbalist]]
*[[John Bevis]] (1695 in Old Sarum – 1771),<ref>[http://www.messier.seds.org/xtra/Bios/bevis.html SEDS Deep Sky Astronomers website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830213647/http://www.messier.seds.org/xtra/Bios/bevis.html |date=30 August 2017 }} retrieved 28 September 2017</ref> doctor,<ref>{{cite DNB |wstitle= Bevis, John |volume= 04 |last= Clerke |first= Agnes Mary |author-link= Agnes Mary Clerke | pages= 451-452 |short= 1}}</ref> electrical researcher and astronomer. He discovered the [[Crab Nebula]] in 1731.
*[[James Harris (grammarian)|James Harris]] (1709–1780),<ref>[https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Persons&dsqSearch=Code==%27NA8313%27&dsqCmd=Show.tcl Archive of The Royal Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424135006/https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Persons&dsqSearch=Code==%27NA8313%27&dsqCmd=Show.tcl |date=24 April 2019 }} retrieved 28 September 2017</ref> politician<ref>{{cite DNB |wstitle= Harris, James (1709-1780) |volume= 25 |last= Stephen |first= Leslie |author-link= Leslie Stephen | pages= 7-8 |short= 1}}</ref> and grammarian, born and educated in Salisbury 
*[[James Harris, 1st Earl of Malmesbury]] (1746 in Salisbury – 1820),<ref>[http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/12/101012394/ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917031007/http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/12/101012394/ |date=17 September 2016 }} retrieved 28 September 2017</ref> diplomat, politician and MP
*Sir [[John Stoddart]] (1773 in Salisbury – 1856),<ref>{{cite DNB |wstitle= Stoddart, John |volume= 54 |last= Boase |first= George Clement |author-link= George Clement Boase | pages= 397-398 |short= 1}}</ref> writer and lawyer, and editor of ''[[The Times]]''
*[[Sir George Staunton, 2nd Baronet]] (1781 at Milford House near Salisbury – 1859),<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/39786 Project Gutenberg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044940/http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/39786 |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 28 September 2017</ref> traveller and [[Oriental studies|Orientalist]]
*[[Henry Fawcett]] (1833 in Salisbury – 1884),<ref>[http://www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk/biography/?id=WH1038&type=P The University of Glasgow Story] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929045153/http://www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk/biography/?id=WH1038&type=P |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 28 September 2017</ref> academic, statesman and economist
*[[John Neville Keynes]] (1852 in Salisbury – 1949),<ref>[http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2016.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=KNS872JN&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50 A Cambridge Alumni Database, University of Cambridge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424135013/http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2016.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=KNS872JN&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50 |date=24 April 2019 }} retrieved 28 September 2017</ref> economist, father of [[John Maynard Keynes]]
*Sir [[James Macklin]] (1864 in Harnham – 1944),<ref>[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/31712/supplement/3 The London Gazette, 30 December 1919] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008155016/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/31712/supplement/3 |date=8 October 2017 }} retrieved 29 September 2017</ref> jeweller, farmer and six times [[Mayor of Salisbury]], from 1913 to 1919
*[[Herbert Ponting]] (1870 in Salisbury – 1935),<ref>[http://images.rgs.org/herbertponting.aspx Royal Geographical Society biographical tribute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060429160234/http://images.rgs.org/herbertponting.aspx |date=29 April 2006 }} retrieved 28 September 2017</ref> professional photographer, expedition photographer and cinematographer for [[Robert Falcon Scott]]'s [[Terra Nova Expedition]] 
*[[James Bush (RFC officer)|Lieutenant James Cromwell Bush]] (1891 in Salisbury – 1917),{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} World War I [[flying ace]]
*[[Tom Adlam|Lieutenant Colonel Tom Edwin Adlam]] (1893 in Salisbury – 1975),<ref>[http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205019045 Imperial War Museums] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929234657/http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205019045 |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 29 September 2017</ref> recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]]

===Since 1900===
*[[William Golding]] (1911–1993),<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 June 1993 |title=Obituaries: Sir William Golding |language=en-GB |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituaries-sir-william-golding-1493005.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228054255/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituaries-sir-william-golding-1493005.html |archive-date=28 December 2017}}</ref> novelist, schoolteacher. He taught philosophy in 1939 and English from 1945 to 1961 at [[Bishop Wordsworth's School]].
*[[Jill Furse]] (1915 in Salisbury – 1944),<ref>{{Cite ODNB|first=Robin|last=Ravilious|title=Whistler, Sir (Alan Charles) Laurence |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-75009|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/75009}}</ref> actress.
*[[Daphne Pochin Mould]] (1920 in Salisbury – 2014),<ref>[http://www.catholicauthors.com/mould.html Catholic Authors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113113/http://www.catholicauthors.com/mould.html |date=4 March 2016 }} retrieved 29 September 2017</ref> photographer, broadcaster, geologist, traveller, pilot and Ireland's<ref>[http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/author-pochin-mouldrsquos-adventure-in-life-comes-to-an-end-267226.html Irish Examiner] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929233144/http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/author-pochin-mouldrsquos-adventure-in-life-comes-to-an-end-267226.html |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 29 September 2017</ref> first female flight instructor
*[[John Rowan (psychologist)|John Rowan]] (1925 in Old Sarum – 2018 in London), author, one of the pioneers of Humanistic Psychology and Integrative Psychotherapy 
*[[Iona Brown]] (1941 in Salisbury –  2004 in Salisbury),<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/jun/10/guardianobituaries.artsobituaries The Guardian, obituary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044629/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/jun/10/guardianobituaries.artsobituaries |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 28 September 2017</ref> violinist and conductor. From 1968 to 2004 she lived in [[Bowerchalke]].
*[[Ray Teret]] (1941 in Salisbury – 2021),<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/dec/11/ray-teret-jailed-25-years-underage-sexual-abuse Guardian newspaper] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930035753/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/dec/11/ray-teret-jailed-25-years-underage-sexual-abuse |date=30 September 2017 }} retrieved 29 September 2017</ref> radio disc jockey and convicted rapist,<ref>[http://www.gmp.police.uk/Live/Nhoodv3.nsf/WebsitePagesMobile/5226880C3D28F66A80257DA500571931?OpenDocument Greater Manchester Police website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920012731/http://www.gmp.police.uk/Live/Nhoodv3.nsf/WebsitePagesMobile/5226880C3D28F66A80257DA500571931?OpenDocument |date=20 September 2018 }} 
retrieved 29 September 2017</ref> sentenced to 25 years in prison in 2014
*[[Michael Crawford]] (born 1942),<ref name="Crawford">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mcifa.com/parcel2.cfm|title=Michael Crawford International Fan Association|website=www.mcifa.com}}</ref> actor and singer, originated [[Erik (The Phantom of the Opera)|the title role]] in the musical ''[[The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)|The Phantom of the Opera]]''
*Sir [[Jeffrey Tate]] (1943 in Salisbury – 2017),<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/oct/13/jeffrey-tate-covent-garden The Guardian, obituary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044721/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/oct/13/jeffrey-tate-covent-garden |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 28 September 2017</ref> conductor of classical music
*[[John Rhys-Davies]] (born in 1944 in Salisbury), actor known for playing Gimli in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' film series
*[[Anthony Daniels]] (born in 1946 in Salisbury), actor known for playing [[C-3PO]] in the ''[[Star Wars]]'' franchise
*[[Jonathan Meades]] (born 1947 in Salisbury),<ref>[https://www.newstatesman.com/books/2014/06/bugging-device-boy-form-jonathan-meades-early-year The New Statesman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929091133/https://www.newstatesman.com/books/2014/06/bugging-device-boy-form-jonathan-meades-early-year |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 28 September 2017</ref> writer, food journalist, essayist and film-maker
*Prof. [[Martyn Thomas]] (born 1948 in Salisbury)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140203112457/http://www.theiet.org/policy/panels/it/members/thomas.cfm Institution of Engineering and Technology] retrieved 29 September 2017</ref> software engineer, entrepreneur and academic
*[[Richard Digance]] (born 1949), comedian and folk singer. He lives in Salisbury.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Official Richard Digance Site &#124; Biography |url=https://www.richarddigance.com/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419114546/https://www.richarddigance.com/biography |archive-date=19 April 2019 |access-date=21 April 2019 |website=new-site}}</ref>
*[[Ken Macdonald|Kenneth Macdonald, Baron Macdonald of River Glaven]] (born 1953),<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/feb/10/law.interviews The Guardian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044812/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/feb/10/law.interviews |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 28 September 2017</ref> Director of Public Prosecutions of England and Wales 2003–2008 and head of the Crown Prosecution Service. He attended Bishop Wordsworth's School in Salisbury.
*[[Carolyn Browne]] (born 1958),<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/people/carolyn-browne Government website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929232532/https://www.gov.uk/government/people/carolyn-browne |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 29 September 2017</ref> diplomat, Ambassador to Kazakhstan. She attended [[South Wilts Grammar School for Girls]].
*[[Teresa Dent]] (born 1959),<ref>[https://www.gwct.org.uk/news/news/2014/july/20140708/ Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929232337/https://www.gwct.org.uk/news/news/2014/july/20140708/ |date=29 September 2017 }} 
retrieved 29 September 2017</ref> CEO of [[Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust]]. She lives in Salisbury.
*[[Martin Foyle]] (born 1963 in Salisbury),<ref>[http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=2640 Soccerbase] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929232235/http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=2640 |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 29 September 2017</ref> footballer and manager. He played 533 League games, scoring 155 goals.
*[[Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick & Tich]] (formed 1964),<ref>[http://www.allmusic.com/artist/dave-dee-dozy-beaky-mick-tich-mn0000683085/biography AllMusic Artist Biography by Craig Harris] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929045346/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/dave-dee-dozy-beaky-mick-tich-mn0000683085/biography |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 28 September 2017</ref> 1960s pop/rock group, most of whom came from Salisbury or Wiltshire
*[[Clare Moody]] (born 1965), Labour [[Member of the European Parliament]] for [[South West England (European Parliament constituency)|South West England]] 2014–2019. Lives in Salisbury.
*[[Joseph Fiennes]] (born 1970 in Salisbury),<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/film/1999/nov/14/1 The Guardian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823121137/https://www.theguardian.com/film/1999/nov/14/1 |date=23 August 2017 }} retrieved 28 September 2017</ref> film and stage actor, educated in the town
*[[David Mitchell (comedian)|David Mitchell]] (born 1974 in Salisbury), comedian, actor, writer and television presenter
*[[Max Waller]] (born 1988 in Salisbury), cricketer, who plays for [[Somerset County Cricket Club]]
*[[Henni Zuël]] (born 1990 in Salisbury),<ref>[https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/golf/18-year-old-british-amateur-henni-zuel-306693 Daily Mirror website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929231734/http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/golf/18-year-old-british-amateur-henni-zuel-306693 |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 29 September 2017</ref> professional golfer; youngest player to join the Ladies European Tour as an amateur
*[[John Bennett (racing driver)|John Bennett]] (born 2003 in Salisbury), racing driver

==Media==
[[BBC Radio Wiltshire]] is the [[BBC Local Radio]] public service station for the county, which sometimes broadcasts from or about the city. Salisbury used to have its own local radio station, Spire FM, which was purchased by [[Bauer Radio]] in 2019. Its frequency now transmits [[Greatest Hits Radio Salisbury]], which broadcasts national and regional music programmes with local news bulletins.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paessler |first=Benjamin |date=27 August 2020 |title=Presenters announced for Greatest Hits Radio in Salisbury – station launching next week |url=https://www.salisburyjournal.co.uk/news/18679709.presenters-announced-greatest-hits-radio-salisbury/ |access-date=2020-09-29 |website=Salisbury Journal |language=en}}</ref>

Regional television services are provided by [[BBC South]] and [[Meridian Broadcasting|ITV Meridian]], and a [[Local television in the United Kingdom|local television]] channel "That's Salisbury" is provided by [[That's TV]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Salisbury |title=Full Freeview on the Salisbury (Wiltshire, England) transmitter |date=May 2004 |publisher=UK Free TV |access-date=10 August 2023 |archive-date=19 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119070632/https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Salisbury |url-status=live }}.</ref>

The ''[[Salisbury Journal]]'' is the local paid-for [[weekly newspaper]], which is available in shops every Thursday. The local free weekly newspaper from the same publisher is the ''Avon Advertiser'', which is delivered to houses in Salisbury and the surrounding area.

==In popular culture==
The two names for the city, ''Salisbury'' and ''Sarum'', are humorously alluded to in a 1928 [[Limerick (poetry)|limerick]] from ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'':

{{blockquote|<poem>
::There was an old Sultan of Salisbury
::Who wanted some wives for his {{define|[[harem|halisbury]]|harem}},
::So he had them sent down
::By a fast train from town,
::For he thought that his [[car|motor]] would {{define|scalisbury|scare 'em}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Reed |first=Langford |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oHA4AAAAIAAJ |title=Mr. Punch's Limerick Book |date=1934 |publisher=R. Cobden–Sanderson Ltd |location=London |page=65 |chapter=Irreverent Radios |access-date=14 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424135004/https://books.google.com/books?id=oHA4AAAAIAAJ |archive-date=24 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
</poem>}}

The ambiguous pronunciation was also used in the following limerick, which also alludes to 'Hants', the shortened form of Hampshire:

{{blockquote|<poem>
::There was a young curate of Salisbury,
::Whose manners were quite Halisbury-Scalisbury.
::He wandered round Hampshire,
::Without any pampshire,
::Till the Vicar compelled him to Walisbury.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Baring-Gould |first=W S |title=The Lure of the Limerick |date=1970 |publisher=Panther |location=London |page=173}}</ref>
</poem>}}

*Salisbury is the origin of [[Thomas Hardy's Wessex|"Melchester"]] in [[Thomas Hardy]]'s novels, such as ''[[Jude the Obscure]]'' (1895).
*A lively account of the Salisbury markets, as they were in 1842, is contained in Chapter 5 of ''[[Martin Chuzzlewit]]'' by [[Charles Dickens]].
*The fictitious Kingsbridge Cathedral in TV miniseries, ''[[The Pillars of the Earth (TV miniseries)|The Pillars of the Earth]]'' (2010), based on a historical novel by the same name by [[Ken Follett]], is modelled on the cathedrals of Wells and Salisbury. The final aerial shot of the series is of [[Salisbury Cathedral]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2010 |title=Ken Follett on the Cathedrals in The Pillars of the Earth |url=http://www.oprah.com/oprahsbookclub/Ken-Follett-on-the-Cathedrals-in-The-Pillars-of-the-Earth |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110121215923/http://www.oprah.com/oprahsbookclub/Ken-Follett-on-the-Cathedrals-in-The-Pillars-of-the-Earth |archive-date=21 January 2011 |access-date=8 March 2011 |publisher=[[Oprah Winfrey|Oprah]].com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hale |first=Mike |date=22 July 2010 |title=Pillars of the Earth |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/23/arts/television/23pillars.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204011724/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/23/arts/television/23pillars.html |archive-date=4 February 2017}}</ref>
*[[Kate Bush]] cites the city on the first song of her 1982 album ''[[The Dreaming (album)|The Dreaming]]''.
*The 1987 novel ''[[Sarum (novel)|Sarum]]'' by [[Edward Rutherfurd]] describes the history of Salisbury.
*The novel ''[[The Spire]]'' by [[William Golding]] tells the story of the building of the spire of an unnamed cathedral similar to Salisbury Cathedral.
*Band [[Uriah Heep (band)|Uriah Heep]] released an album and song called ''[[Salisbury (album)|Salisbury]]'' in 1971.
*Progressive rock band [[Big Big Train]] wrote two songs in their ''Folklore'' album in which the Salisbury Giant<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC – A History of the World – Object : The Salisbury Giant |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/go8a1jrkR_aiiIfKon1LNA |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123083903/http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/go8a1jrkR_aiiIfKon1LNA |archive-date=23 January 2019 |access-date=29 April 2018 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> appears.
*''[[The Salisbury Poisonings]]'' is a three-part television drama which portrays the 2018 [[Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal|Novichok poisoning crisis]], first broadcast on [[BBC One]] in June 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Steven McIntosh |date=14 June 2020 |title=The Salisbury Poisonings: TV drama revisits Novichok attack 'horror' |publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-52962640 |access-date=30 June 2020}}</ref>

==Climate==
Salisbury experiences an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfb'') similar to almost all of the United Kingdom. The nearest Met Office weather station to Salisbury is Boscombe Down, about 6 miles to the north of the city centre. In terms of the local climate, Salisbury is among the sunniest of inland areas in the UK, averaging over 1650 hours of sunshine in a typical year. Temperature extremes since 1960 have ranged from {{convert|-12.4|C|F}} in January 1963<ref>{{Cite web |title=1963 Temperature |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=7&year=1963&indexid=TNn&stationid=2127 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605185531/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=7&year=1963&indexid=TNn&stationid=2127 |archive-date=5 June 2012 |access-date=9 November 2011 |publisher=[[KNMI (institute)|KNMI]]}}</ref> to {{convert|34.5|C|F}} during [[2006 European heat wave|July 2006]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2006 temperature |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/interesting/july2006/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018051826/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/interesting/july2006/ |archive-date=18 October 2011 |access-date=9 November 2011 |publisher=[[UKMO]]}}</ref> The lowest temperature to be recorded in recent years was {{convert|-10.1|C|F}} during December 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2010 temperature |url=http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/Boscombe_Down/12-2010/37460.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004235118/http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/Boscombe_Down/12-2010/37460.htm |archive-date=4 October 2013 |access-date=9 November 2011 |publisher=[[Tutiempo]]}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = [[Boscombe Down]]{{efn|Weather station is located {{convert|7.0|mi|1|abbr=out}} from the Salisbury city centre.}}, elevation: {{convert|128|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1957–present)
| collapsed    = 
| metric first = y
| single line  = y
|Jan record high C = 15.0
|Feb record high C = 17.5
|Mar record high C = 21.3
|Apr record high C = 25.8
|May record high C = 27.4
|Jun record high C = 33.7
|Jul record high C = 34.9
|Aug record high C = 34.2
|Sep record high C = 30.0
|Oct record high C = 26.2
|Nov record high C = 17.6
|Dec record high C = 14.6
|Jan record low C = -12.4
|Feb record low C = -10.0
|Mar record low C = -9.6
|Apr record low C = -4.7
|May record low C = -2.4
|Jun record low C = -0.1
|Jul record low C = 4.4
|Aug record low C = 3.6
|Sep record low C = -0.1
|Oct record low C = -3.4
|Nov record low C = -7.2
|Dec record low C = -11.3
|Jan high C = 7.6
|Feb high C = 8.1
|Mar high C = 10.7
|Apr high C = 13.7
|May high C = 17.0
|Jun high C = 19.8
|Jul high C = 22.1
|Aug high C = 21.6
|Sep high C = 18.9
|Oct high C = 14.7
|Nov high C = 10.6
|Dec high C = 8.0
| year high C = 14.4
|Jan mean C = 4.6
|Feb mean C = 4.9
|Mar mean C = 6.8
|Apr mean C = 9.1
|May mean C = 12.3
|Jun mean C = 15.0
|Jul mean C = 17.1
|Aug mean C = 16.9
|Sep mean C = 14.5
|Oct mean C = 11.1
|Nov mean C = 7.4
|Dec mean C = 5.0
| year mean C = 
|Jan low C = 1.6
|Feb low C = 1.6
|Mar low C = 2.9
|Apr low C = 4.5
|May low C = 7.5
|Jun low C = 10.2
|Jul low C = 12.1
|Aug low C = 12.2
|Sep low C = 10.1
|Oct low C = 7.5
|Nov low C = 4.2
|Dec low C = 2.0
| year low C = 6.4
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 79.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 57.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 53.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 55.0
|May precipitation mm = 49.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 53.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 55.1
|Aug precipitation mm = 59.1
|Sep precipitation mm = 57.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 85.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 90.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 85.2
|year precipitation mm = 783.0
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 12.5
| Feb precipitation days = 10.5
| Mar precipitation days = 9.7
| Apr precipitation days = 9.5
| May precipitation days = 9.0
| Jun precipitation days = 8.8
| Jul precipitation days = 8.6
| Aug precipitation days = 9.6
| Sep precipitation days = 9.0
| Oct precipitation days = 12.3
| Nov precipitation days = 12.8
| Dec precipitation days = 12.6
| year precipitation days =125.0
|Jan sun = 62.1
|Feb sun = 79.4
|Mar sun = 124.4
|Apr sun = 178.9
|May sun = 211.8
|Jun sun = 216.1
|Jul sun = 223.5
|Aug sun = 199.4
|Sep sun = 155.9
|Oct sun = 112.9
|Nov sun = 75.0
|Dec sun = 59.9
|year sun = 1699.2
| source 1 = [[Met Office]]<ref name="MetOffice">{{cite web
|url = https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/location-specific-long-term-averages/gcng01df2
|title = Station: Boscombe Down, Climate period: 1991–2020
|publisher = Met Office
|access-date = 15 December 2024}}</ref>
| source 2 = Starlings Roost Weather<ref>{{cite web |url=http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/ukobs/temp_month_record_tmax_map.php 
|title= Monthly Extreme Maximum Temperature, Monthly Extreme Minimum Temperature
|publisher=Starlings Roost Weather
|access-date= 16 December 2024
}}</ref>
}}

==Freedom of the City==
The following people and military units have received the [[Freedom of the City]] of Salisbury.

{{Incomplete list|date=March 2023}}

===Individuals===
* [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson]]: 1800.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.salisburyjournal.co.uk/sj_opinion/sj_opinion_footnotes/23397176.bygone-lord-nelson-received-freedom-city/ |title=Bygone: When Lord Nelson received the freedom of the city  |last=Moody |first=Frogg |date=26 March 2023 |website=The Salisbury Journal |access-date=27 March 2023 }}</ref>

===Military Units===
* The [[Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry]]: 1944.<ref>The Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry 1907–1967, Brig JRI Platt, Carnstone Press, 1972</ref>
*[[Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment]]: October 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisiswiltshire.co.uk/news/966800.0/|title=The last hurrah of a regiment|website=This Is Wiltshire|date=16 October 2006 }}</ref>
* [[The Rifles]]: 20 November 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/HistoryAndHonour/RiflesRegimentGrantedFreedomOfSalisbury.htm |title=Rifles regiment granted Freedom of Salisbury |publisher=Ministry of Defence |date=23 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018231218/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/HistoryAndHonour/RiflesRegimentGrantedFreedomOfSalisbury.htm |archive-date=18 October 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[32nd Regiment Royal Artillery|32nd Regiment]], [[Royal Artillery]]: 7 July 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.spirefm.co.uk/news/local-news/2033744/salisbury-plain-army-regiment-takes-over-guildhall-square/|title=Salisbury Plain army regiment takes over Guildhall Square|date=7 July 2016}}</ref>
* The [[Royal Military Police]]: 13 June 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.spirefm.co.uk/news/local-news/2607895/freedom-of-salisbury-for-royal-military-police/|title=Freedom of Salisbury for Royal Military Police|date=15 June 2018}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Grade I listed buildings in Salisbury]]

==Explanatory notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{NSRW Poster}}
{{Wikivoyage|Salisbury (England)}}
* {{Official website}}
* [https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/wiltshire/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8313000/8313978.stm Let Me Tell You: Salisbury] – a BBC film about life in the city in 1967 at [https://www.bbc.co.uk/wiltshire BBC Wiltshire]
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/wiltshire/content/image_galleries/historic_salisbury_photos_gallery1.shtml Historic Salisbury photos] at BBC Wiltshire

{{Geographic location
| title = '''Settlements and geographic features near Salisbury'''
| Centre = Salisbury
| North = [[Stonehenge]]18&nbsp;km<br />[[Amesbury]] 15&nbsp;km
| Northeast = [[Andover, Hampshire|Andover 25&nbsp;km]]<br />[[Basingstoke]] 45&nbsp;km
| East = [[Winchester]] 30&nbsp;km
| Southeast = [[Romsey]] 25&nbsp;km<br />[[Southampton]] 30&nbsp;km
| South = [[Ringwood, Hampshire|Ringwood]] 20&nbsp;km<br />[[Bournemouth]] 35&nbsp;km
| Southwest = [[Shaftesbury]] 25&nbsp;km
| West = [[Wilton, Wiltshire|Wilton 5&nbsp;km]]
| Northwest = [[Warminster]] 30&nbsp;km
}}
{{Geographic location
|title     = '''Neighbouring areas of Salisbury'''
|Northwest = [[Wilton, Wiltshire|Wilton]]
|North     = [[Old Sarum]]
|Northeast = [[Laverstock and Ford|Ford]]
|West      = [[Netherhampton]]
|Centre    = Salisbury
|East      = [[Laverstock]]
|Southwest = [[Coombe Bissett]]
|South     = [[Odstock]]
|Southeast = [[Nunton]]
}}
{{UK cities}}
{{Wiltshire}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Salisbury| ]]
[[Category:Cities in South West England]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in Wiltshire]]
[[Category:Towns in Wiltshire]]