Editing Salem, Indiana

{{For|the unincorporated community in Union County|Salem, Union County, Indiana}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| settlement_type    = [[City]]
| image_skyline      = Washington County Courthouse, Salem.jpg
| image_caption      = Washington County Courthouse, in the town square
| image_blank_emblem = SalemINlogo.png
| blank_emblem_type  = Logo
| image_map          = Washington County Indiana Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Salem Highlighted 1867464.svg
| map_caption        = Location of Salem in Washington County, Indiana.
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = United States
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Indiana]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in Indiana|County]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Washington County, Indiana|Washington]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[List of townships in Indiana|Township]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Washington Township, Washington County, Indiana|Washington]]
| leader_title       = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name        = Justin Green ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]])
| established_title2 = Founded
| established_date2  = 1814
| area_land_km2      = 10.36
| area_water_km2     = 0.04
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{Cite web |title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_18.txt |access-date=March 16, 2022 |website=Census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 10.40
| area_total_sq_mi   = 4.02
| area_land_sq_mi    = 4.00
| area_water_sq_mi   = 0.02
| area_water_percent = 0.50
| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_total   = 6371
| population_density_km2 = 615.02
| population_density_sq_mi = 1592.75
| timezone           = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset         = -5
| timezone_DST       = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EDT]]
| utc_offset_DST     = -4
| coordinates        = {{coord|38|36|15|N|86|5|56|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft       = 748
| postal_code_type   = ZIP Code
| postal_code        = 47167
| website            = {{URL|http://www.cityofsalemin.com}}
| area_code          = [[Area code 812|812]]
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 18-67464<ref name="GR2">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Census website |url=https://www.census.gov |access-date=2008-01-31 |website=Census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info        = 442876<ref name="gnis">{{GNIS|442876}}</ref>
| unit_pref          = Imperial
}}

'''Salem''' is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Washington Township, Washington County, Indiana|Washington Township]], [[Washington County, Indiana|Washington County]],<ref name="GR6">{{Cite web |title=Find a County |url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=2011-06-07 |website=NACO.org |publisher=[[National Association of Counties]]}}</ref> in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Indiana]].<ref>{{cite gnis|442876|Salem, Indiana|2016-07-07}}</ref> The population was 6,319 at the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salem City, Indiana |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/18/1867464.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104232728/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/18/1867464.html |archive-date=4 November 2012 |access-date=15 July 2012 |website=Census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>

==History==
Salem was laid out and [[plat]]ted in 1814.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_EVQ0AQAAMAAJ |title=History of Lawrence, Orange, and Washington Counties, Indiana: From the Earliest Time to the Present |publisher=Higginson Book Company |year=1884 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_EVQ0AQAAMAAJ/page/n770 759]}}</ref> It was named for [[Salem, North Carolina]], the hometown of one of the city founders.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stevens, Warder William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rk80AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA607 |title=Centennial History of Washington County, Indiana: Its People, Industries and Institutions |last2=Davis, Lulie |publisher=McDowell Publications |year=1916 |pages=607}}</ref>

The Salem post office has been in operation since 1816.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Washington County |url=http://www.postalhistory.com/postoffices.asp?task=display&state=IN&county=Washington&searchtext=&pagenum=3 |access-date=July 7, 2016 |website=PostalHistory.com |publisher=Jim Forte Postal History}}</ref>

===Morgan's Raid===
In June 1863, the [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] [[cavalry]] under [[John Hunt Morgan]] had departed [[Tennessee]] on what would later become known as [[Morgan's Raid]]. Traveling through Tennessee and into Kentucky, Morgan eventually crossed into Indiana; he reached Salem on July 10, 1863, coming north from [[Corydon, Indiana|Corydon]]. Upon entering Salem at approximately 9 a.m., Morgan immediately took possession of the town and placed guards over the stores and streets. The cavalrymen burned the large, brick railroad depot, along with all the train cars on the track and the railroad bridges on each side of the town. Morgan demanded taxes from the two [[flour mill]]s that belonged to DePauw and Knight, and from the Allen Wollen Mill. Morgan's men looted stores and took about $500 from the area before departing about 3 p.m.

Of the brief action at Salem, [[Colonel (United States)|Col.]] [[Basil W. Duke]], Morgan's second-in-command and brother-in-law, later said:{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

''"They did not pillage with any sort of method or reason; it seemed to be a mania, senseless and purposeless. One man carried for two days a bird cage containing three [[Domestic Canary|canaries]]. Another rode with a huge chafing dish on the pommel of his saddle. Although the weather was intensely warm, another slung seven pairs of [[Ice skate|skates]] around his neck. I saw very few articles of real value taken; they pillaged like boys robbing an [[orchard]]."''

===African Americans in Salem===
In 1898, Salem was recorded to be a [[sundown town]], where African Americans were not allowed to reside.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 20, 1898 |title=John Hay |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84038016/1898-08-20/ed-1/seq-2/ |access-date=April 28, 2022 |work=[[Palladium-Item|Richmond Daily Palladium]] |location=[[Richmond, Indiana]] |page=2 |via=Chronicling America |quote=[[John Hay]], the new secretary of state, was born in Salem, this state, about sixty years ago. That place has the unenviable distinction of being the only town in Indiana where negroes are not allowed to live.}}</ref> The last Black person who lived in Salem was Alexander White. The minister of the Salem Methodist Episcopal church married Alexander White and his wife Eliza Jane Demars on May 5, 1830. White ran a hotel in Salem.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robbins |first=Coy D. |title=Reclaiming African Heritage at Salem, Indiana |publisher=Heritage Books |year=1995 |isbn=0788403257 |location=Maryland |pages=133 |language=en}}</ref> He was murdered in Salem in 1867. The killers were not punished, although one of them, Harvey Zink, was tried for the crime.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Campney |first=Brent M.S. |title=Hostile Heartland: Racism, Repression, and Resistance in the Midwest |publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-0252084300 |location=Champaign-Urbana |pages=65 |language=en}}</ref>

==Geography==
Salem is primarily an agricultural community, surrounded by typical Indiana forests and farmland and small bodies of water. The primary crops grown in the area are corn and soybeans. Homes in the area are of a variety of styles, with a portion of residential homes having Victorian architectural design.

According to the 2010 census, Salem has a total area of {{convert|4.018|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|4|sqmi|sqkm|2}} (or 99.55%) is land and {{convert|0.018|sqmi|sqkm|2}} (or 0.45%) is water.<ref name="census-g001">{{Cite web |title=G001 – Geographic Identifiers – 2010 Census Summary File 1 |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1867464 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213061239/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1867464 |archive-date=2020-02-13 |access-date=2015-07-29 |website=Census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>

===Climate===
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers, and generally mild to cool winters. According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Salem has a [[humid subtropical climate]], abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salem, Indiana Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase) |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=724234&cityname=Salem,+Indiana,+United+States+of+America&units= |website=Weatherbase}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1850= 1223
|1860= 1372
|1870= 1294
|1880= 1615
|1890= 1974
|1900= 1995
|1910= 2283
|1920= 2836
|1930= 3194
|1940= 3194
|1950= 3271
|1960= 4546
|1970= 5041
|1980= 5290
|1990= 5619
|2000= 6172
|2010= 6319
|2020= 6371
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{Cite web |title=Census of Population and Housing |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html |access-date=June 4, 2015 |website=Census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
}}
As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $29,256, and the median income for a family was $37,179. Males had a median income of $27,521 versus $21,952 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $16,299. About 8.5% of families and 11.6% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 14.6% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2010, there were 6,319 people, 2,622 households, and 1,599 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1579.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 2,932 housing units at an average density of {{convert|733.0|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 97.5% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.4% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.3% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.6% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.3% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 0.9% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.0% of the population.

There were 2,622 households, of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.0% were non-families. 33.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 29.1

The median age in the city was 38.3 years. 24% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.6% were from 25 to 44; 24.2% were from 45 to 64; and 17.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.5% male and 53.5% female and 22.3% Non-binary.

==Arts and culture==
===Annual cultural events===
Every September, Salem celebrates "Old Settler's Day" at the [[John Hay Center]]. Set in a village of authentic log structures, the festival features historical re-enactments, as well as local arts and crafts.  Friday Night on the Square is the official kick-off to Old Settlers' Day weekend. The town square is barricaded from cars and the people of Salem meet to enjoy the festivities which include food booths, commercial booths and sometimes even scavenger hunts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Settlers' Days |url=https://johnhaycenter.org/events/old-settlers-days/ |access-date=2022-06-17 |website=JohnHayCenter.org |publisher=The John Hay Center |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Museums and other points of interest===
The [[Salem Downtown Historic District (Indiana)|downtown area]] is on the [[National Register of Historic Places]], as are several local buildings.

The [[Carnegie Library]] in Salem was one of nearly 2,000 libraries built in the United States including 164 in Indiana in the early 20th century with funds donated by steel conglomerate [[Andrew Carnegie]]. Salem received the grant in February 1904, broke ground in August 1904 and opened in July 1905. Still in use today, the Carnegie Library in Salem is one of just one hundred in the state of Indiana still being used for its original purpose.

Located in the center of Salem's town square, the Washington County Courthouse is generally known as Salem's most famous and recognizable landmark. The courthouse has historical place markers surrounding it, and at the southeastern corner of the grounds, there is a memorial to veterans killed in action during conflicts dating back to the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]].

The birthplace of [[John Hay]] has been a National Historic Site since 1971 and is located in Salem. The building was originally used as a school house and was built in 1824. It has been restored and furnished in the 1840 period.<ref name="Birthplace – John Milton Hay">{{Cite web |title=Birthplace – John Milton Hay |url=http://johnhaycenter.org/index.asp?mod=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728040418/http://www.johnhaycenter.org/index.asp?mod=2 |archive-date=July 28, 2012 |access-date=October 4, 2012 |website=JohnHayCenter.org |publisher=The John Hay Center}}</ref>

===Public art===
In 2021, [[Rafael Blanco (artist)]] debuted the "Salem Heritage" mural. This 17-foot by 80-foot mural<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sidery |first=Sara |date=19 August 2021 |title=Vibrant New Mural Spotlights Untold History, Significant Contributions of Local Women |url=https://www.wdrb.com/news/vibrant-new-mural-spotlights-untold-history-significant-contributions-of-local-women/article_cf463eb6-0156-11ec-a655-376b6127f98b.html |access-date=11 November 2021 |website=WDRB.com |publisher=[[WDRB]]}}</ref> in Salem features portraits of six women who have made significant and historical contributions to the city. The women are Granny Lusk, Lula Desse Rudder, Bradie Shrum, Sarah Parke Morrison, Terry Hall, and Emma Christy-Baker. Each woman was born or lived in Salem. Granny Lusk's family arrived in Washington County in 1817 and she informally practiced medicine in the community. Lula Desse Rudder was the first woman in the state of Indiana to be licensed as a pharmacist. Bradie Shrum was an elementary school teacher in Salem after whom Salem's elementary school is named. Sarah Parke Morrison was born in Salem in 1833 and was the first woman student at Indiana University, the first woman to graduate from the institution, and later the first woman to be a member of the faculty. Terry Hall, who coached women athletes at both the high school and college level, is the "winningest coach in University of Kentucky basketball history." Emma Christy-Baker was born in 1865, "the great-granddaughter of freed slaves." She was one of the first women, and the first African American person, the Indianapolis Police Department hired.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hamilton |first=Lana |date=December 14, 2021 |title=Revisiting the Faces of the Mural |work=The Salem Leader |pages=3}}</ref>

==Sports==
Salem is also home to [[Salem Speedway]]. It is a half mile high banked paved oval that was first built in 1947. Many of the most legendary drivers of the past 50 years have raced there including [[Ted Horn]], [[Parnelli Jones]], [[A. J. Foyt]], [[Bobby Unser|Bobby]] and [[Al Unser]], [[Mario Andretti]], [[Larry Dickson]], [[Darrell Waltrip]] and [[Jeff Gordon]]. A. J. Foyt at one time held the world record for a half mile oval at the speedway. One of [[ESPN]]'s first televised auto racing events was held there in 1979.

==Media==

Don Martin started WSLM in 1953 with an AM station that broadcast the IU Basketball Network, the Indianapolis 500 race as well as local news, sports and weather. The station had one of the nation's top DJs durings it's popularity - Sagalong Taylor Porter. The station received many awards over the years. 

Martin started WSLM 98.9 FM in 1962 and built it into a 50,000 watt station that reached a four-state area of Indiana, Kentucky, Illinois and Ohio. 

In 1992, Martin's daughter, Rebecca White, started 97.9 WDHM and became one of the first women in Indiana to own and operate her own radio station. In 1994, she started Channel 17 TV and also became one of the first female TV station owners in the state. 

Under White's ownership, Salem Media has earned six Indiana Brodcast Association Community Service Awards, was nominated as Station of the Year in 2015 and was recognized as both Business of the Year and Citizen of the Year by the Washington County Chamber of Commerce. She is currently serving on the Board of the Directors of the Indiana Broadcaster's Association in Indianapolis. 

==Parks and recreation==
[[File:Salem, Indiana - Riley's Place 1.jpg|thumb|Riley's Place]]
Unusual for a town of this size is a large children's playground, "Riley's Place" at DePauw Park. Named after Riley Jean Tomlinson, a local toddler who accidentally drowned in a swimming pool, the park was built in 2001 and contains two- and three- story wooden castles and other structures for children's play (along with swings, slides, and similar playground equipment).

==Government==
* [[Mayor]] – Justin Green
* Clerk-Treasurer – Sally Hattabaugh
* [[City Council]] 1st District – Danny R. Libka
* [[City Council]] 2nd District – Paul Hosapple
* [[City Council]] 3rd District – Steve Crane
* [[City Council]] 4th District – Gail Napier
* [[City Council]] [[At-Large]] –Dylan Moore
* [[Chief of police|Chief of Police]] - Eric Mills
* [[Fire Chief]] - TBD

==Transportation==
[[Southern Indiana Transit System]] provides deviated fixed-route and demand-response bus service in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Southern Indiana Transit System |url=https://www.brsinc.org/transportation |access-date=September 5, 2023 |website=BRSInc.org}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{See also|List of people from the Louisville metropolitan area}}
* [[Newton Booth]], Governor of California and U.S. Senator there during the 19th Century, was born in Salem.
* [[Edgar D. Bush]], Lieutenant Governor Of Indiana, lived in Salem.
* [[Arthur A. Denny]], one of the founders of [[Seattle, Washington]], was born 20 June 1822 in Salem, Indiana.
* [[Washington C. DePauw]], successful businessman whom [[DePauw University]] is named after.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Washington C. DePauw |url=http://my.depauw.edu/library/archives/ehistory/chapter2/wdepauw.html |access-date=October 4, 2012 |website=DePauw.edu |publisher=[[DePauw University]]}}</ref>
* [[Flora Harrod Hawes]], youngest woman postmaster in the US; born in Salem.
* [[Terry Hall (basketball)|Terry Hall]] (1944–1997), women's basketball coach at University of Louisville and University of Kentucky<ref name="Hall">{{Cite web |last=Elliott |first=Jeremy |title=Salem's Pioneer of Women's Athletics |url=https://www.johnhaycenter.org/index.php/our-history/people-of-history/teresa-a-terry-hall-salems-pioneer-of-womens-athletics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020015504/https://www.johnhaycenter.org/index.php/our-history/people-of-history/teresa-a-terry-hall-salems-pioneer-of-womens-athletics |archive-date=20 October 2023 |access-date=20 October 2023 |website=JohnHayCenter.com |publisher=The John Hay Center}}</ref>
* [[John Hay]], private secretary to [[President of the United States|President]] [[Abraham Lincoln]] and [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] to Presidents [[William McKinley]] and [[Theodore Roosevelt]]
* [[Francis Kyte (politician)|Francis Kyte]], politician
* [[Robert H. Milroy]], general in the [[Union Army]] during the Civil War, born in Salem.
* [[Brad Pennington]], MLB relief pitcher
* [[John Pickler]], member of the [[United States House of Representatives]]; born in Salem.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Pickler, John Alfred, (1844–1910) |encyclopedia=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=P000329 |access-date=October 4, 2012}}</ref>

==1988 bomb scare==
On July 5, 1988, 13 homemade bombs placed inside brown grocery bags were discovered near bridges and buildings around the town containing sticks of [[dynamite]]. However, due to faulty blasting caps, none of the bombs exploded. Had the explosives gone off, it would have severed the town from outside aid.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weronka Jr |first=W. A. |date=July 8, 1988 |title=Salem Journal; A Stranger, Violence, Visits a Small Town |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/08/us/salem-journal-a-stranger-violence-visits-a-small-town.html |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>

Two men, John Hubbard and Jerry Conrad, were convicted on all counts in September and October 1989. Prosecutors allege that Hubbard had a long-standing rivalry with Democratic [[State Representative]] Frank Newkirk Jr.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 October 1989 |title=Man Guilty of Planting 13 Bombs in Indiana City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/11/us/man-guilty-of-planting-13-bombs-in-indiana-city.html |access-date=17 December 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Indiana}}
* [[List of sundown towns in the United States]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Indiana Historical Commission. ''Archaeological and Historical Survey of Washington County'' (August 1924). Wm. B. Burford.

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Salem (Indiana)}}
* [http://cityofsalemin.com/ City website]
* [http://www.weatherquestions.com/What_are_the_record_snowfalls_by_state.htm Record snowfalls]
* [http://www.city-data.com/city/Salem-Indiana.html City-Data.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120728040418/http://www.johnhaycenter.org/index.asp?mod=2 The John Hay Center]

{{Washington County, Indiana}}
{{County Seats of Indiana}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Indiana]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1814]]
[[Category:Cities in Washington County, Indiana]]
[[Category:County seats in Indiana]]
[[Category:Louisville metropolitan area]]
[[Category:1814 establishments in Indiana Territory]]
[[Category:Sundown towns in Indiana]]