Editing Saccharum

{{Short description|Genus of grasses}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Saccharum officinarum - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-125.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Saccharum officinarum]]''<ref>1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen</ref>
|display_parents = 4
|taxon = Saccharum
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|type_species = ''[[Saccharum officinarum]]''
|type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref>lectotype designated by Hitchcock, Prop. Brit. Bot. 119 (1929)</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40028242 Tropicos, ''Saccharum'' L.]</ref>
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{citation |mode=cs1 |title=''Saccharum'' L&period; |work=[[Plants of the World Online]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330004-2 |access-date=14 May 2025}}</ref>
|synonyms =
* ''Saccharifera'' <small>Stokes</small>
* ''Syllepis'' <small>E.Fourn.</small>
}}

'''''Saccharum''''' is a [[genus]] of tall [[perennial plant|perennial]] plants of the [[Andropogoneae|broomsedge tribe]] within the [[Poaceae|grass family]].<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358073#page/66/mode/1up Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753.  Species Plantarum 1: 54] in Latin</ref>

The genus is widespread across [[Tropics|tropical]], [[Subtropics|subtropical]], and warm [[Temperate climate|temperate]] regions in [[Africa]], [[Eurasia]], [[Australia]], the [[Americas]], and assorted oceanic islands. Several species are cultivated and naturalized in areas outside their native habitats.<ref name=c6h12o6/><ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=128968 Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 576 <big>甘蔗属</big> gan zhe shu ''Saccharum'' Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 54. 1753. ]</ref><ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=128968 Flora of Pakistan, ''Saccharum'' Linn., Sp. Pl. 1: 54. 1753. Gen. Pl., ed. 5; 28.1754]</ref><ref>[http://bonap.net/NAPA/TaxonMaps/Genus/County/Saccharum Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps]</ref><ref>Catasus Guerra, L. 1997. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) de Cuba, I. Fontqueria 46: [i–ii], 1–259.</ref><ref>Davidse, G. & R. W. Pohl. 1994. 146. Saccharum L. 6: 378–379. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.</ref><ref>Phillips, S. 1995. Poaceae (Gramineae). Flora of Ethiopia 7: i–xx, 1–420.</ref><ref>Welker, C. A. D. & H. M. Longhi-Wagner. 2012. The genera ''Eriochrysis'' P. Beauv., ''Imperata'' Cirillo and ''Saccharum'' L. (Poaceae - Andropogoneae - Saccharinae) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany 35(1): 87–105.</ref>

''Saccharum'' includes the [[sugarcane]]s. They have stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are generally rich in [[sugar]], and measure two to six m (6 to 19&nbsp;ft) tall. All sugarcane species interbreed and the major commercial [[cultivar]]s are complex [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]].

==Species==
{{As of|2021|September}}, [[Plants of the World Online]] accepted the following species:<ref name=POWO_330004-2>{{citation |mode=cs1 |title=''Saccharum'' L&period; |work=[[Plants of the World Online]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330004-2 |access-date=2021-09-05}}</ref>
* ''[[Saccharum alopecuroidum]]'' <small>(L.) Nutt.</small> - southeastern USA
* ''[[Saccharum angustifolium]]'' <small>(Nees) Trin.</small> - South America
* ''[[Saccharum asperum]]'' <small>(Nees) Steud.</small> - South America
* ''[[Saccharum baldwinii]]'' <small>Spreng.</small> - southeastern USA
* ''[[Saccharum beccarii]]'' <small>(Stapf) Cope</small> - Sumatra
* ''[[Saccharum brevibarbe]]'' <small>(Michx.) Pers.</small> - southeastern USA
* ''[[Saccharum coarctatum]]'' <small>(Fern.) R. Webster</small> - southeastern USA
* ''[[Saccharum contortum]]'' <small>(Baldwin ex Elliott) Nutt.</small> - southeastern USA
* ''[[Saccharum fallax]]'' <small>Balansa</small> - China, Assam, southeast Asia
* ''[[Saccharum filifolium]]'' <small>Steud.</small> - Afghanistan, Himalayas
* ''[[Saccharum formosanum]]'' <small>(Stapf) Ohwi</small> - southern China
* ''[[Saccharum giganteum]]'' <small>(Walt.) Pers.</small> - southeastern USA, Cuba, Jamaica, Paraguay, Argentina
* ''[[Saccharum griffithii]]'' <small>Munro ex Aitch.</small> - from Yemen to Bangladesh
* ''[[Saccharum intermedium]]'' <small>Welker & Peichoto</small>
* ''[[Saccharum kajkaiense]]'' <small>(Melderis) Melderis</small> - Oman, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan
* ''[[Saccharum longesetosum]]'' <small>(Andersson) V.Naray. ex Bor</small> - China, Himalayas, Indochina
* ''[[Saccharum maximum]]'' <small>(Brongn.) Trin.</small> - Pacific Islands
* ''[[Saccharum narenga]]'' <small>(Nees ex Steud.) Hack.</small> - China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Ethiopia
* ''[[Saccharum officinarum]]'' <small>L.</small> - New Guinea; naturalized in many warm places
* ''[[Saccharum robustum]]'' <small>Brandes & Jesw. ex Grassl</small> - New Guinea
* ''[[Saccharum rufipilum]]'' <small>Steud.</small> - China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina
* ''[[Saccharum sikkimense]]'' (<small>Hook.f.) V.Naray. ex Bor</small> - eastern Himalayas
* [[Saccharum × sinense|''Saccharum'' × ''sinense'']] <small>Roxb.</small> – China
* ''[[Saccharum spontaneum]]'' <small>L.</small> - Asia, Africa, Sicily, Papuasia
* ''[[Saccharum stewartii]]'' <small>Rajesw., R.R.Rao & Arti Garg</small> - western Himalayas
* ''[[Saccharum velutinum]]'' <small>(Holttum) Cope</small> - Peninsular Malaysia
* ''[[Saccharum villosum]]'' <small>Steud.</small> - South America, Mesoamerica
* ''[[Saccharum wardii]]'' <small>(Bor) Bor ex Cope</small> - Assam, Bhutan, Myanmar
* ''[[Saccharum williamsii]]'' <small>(Bor) Bor ex Cope</small> - Nepal

Placed in ''[[Lasiorhachis]]'' by Plants of the World Online {{as of|lc=yes|2021|September}}:<ref name=POWO_18350-1>{{citation |mode=cs1 |title=''Lasiorhachis'' (Hack.) Stapf |work=[[Plants of the World Online]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:18350-1 |access-date=2021-09-05}}</ref>
* ''Saccharum hildebrandtii'' <small>(Hack.) Clayton</small> → ''[[Lasiorhachis hildebrandtii]]''
* ''Saccharum perrieri'' <small>(A.Camus) Clayton.</small> → ''[[Lasiorhachis perrieri]]''
* ''Saccharum viguieri'' <small>(A.Camus) Clayton</small> → ''[[Lasiorhachis viguieri]]''

Placed in ''[[Tripidium]]'' by Plants of the World Online {{as of|lc=yes|2021|September}}:<ref name=POWO_77075503-1>{{citation |mode=cs1 |title=''Tripidium'' H.Scholz |work=[[Plants of the World Online]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77075503-1 |access-date=2021-09-04}}</ref>
* ''Saccharum arundinaceum'' <small>Retz.</small> - East + South + Southeast Asia; New Guinea → ''[[Tripidium arundinaceum]]''
* ''Saccharum bengalense'' <small>Retz.</small> - India, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan → ''[[Tripidium bengalense]]''
* ''Saccharum kanashiroi'' <small>(Ohwi) Ohwi</small> - Ryukyu Islands → ''[[Tripidium kanashiroi]]''
* ''Saccharum procerum'' <small>Roxb.</small> - China, Himalayas, Indochina → ''[[Tripidium procerum]]''
* ''Saccharum ravennae'' <small>(L.) L.</small> - Europe, Asia, Africa → ''[[Tripidium ravennae]]''
* ''Saccharum strictum'' <small>(Host) Spreng.</small> - from Italy to Iran → ''[[Tripidium strictum]]''

===Formerly included===
Numerous species are now considered better suited in other genera: ''[[Andropogon]], [[Chloris (plant)|Chloris]], [[Digitaria]], [[Eriochrysis]], [[Eulalia (plant)|Eulalia]], [[Gynerium]], [[Hemarthria]], [[Imperata]], [[Lophopogon]], [[Melinis]], [[Miscanthus]], [[Panicum]], [[Pappophorum]], [[Paspalum]], [[Perotis (plant)|Perotis]], [[Pogonatherum]], [[Pseudopogonatherum]], [[Spodiopogon]], and [[Tricholaena]]''.<ref name=c6h12o6/>

==See also==
* [[Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=c6h12o6>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=439841 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref>
}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Saccharum|<br />Saccharum|position=left}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q17136949}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Saccharum| ]]
[[Category:Poaceae genera]]
[[Category:Andropogoneae]]