Editing Rupert Murdoch

{{short description|Australian-American business magnate (born 1931)}}
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{{Use Australian English|date=December 2021}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific-suffix   = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|AC|size=100%}}
| image              = Rupert Murdoch - Flickr - Eva Rinaldi Celebrity and Live Music Photographer.jpg
| caption            = Murdoch in 2012
| birth_name         = Keith Rupert Murdoch
| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1931|3|11}}
| birth_place        = [[Melbourne]], Victoria, Australia
| death_date         = 
| death_place        = 
| occupation         = {{hlist|Businessman|[[investor]]|[[media proprietor]]}}
| years active       = 1952−2023
| citizenship        = {{ubl|Australia (until 1985){{efn|Australian citizenship lost in 1985 (under S17 of ''[[Australian Citizenship Act 1948]]'') with acquisition of US citizenship<ref>{{cite web |last1=Warren |first1=Christopher |title=The rich history of Murdoch political meddling |url=https://www.crikey.com.au/2018/10/05/rupert-murdoch-political-meddling/ |website=Crikey |date=5 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Rubenstein | first = Kim | title = 'From this Time Forward… I Pledge My Loyalty to Australia': Loyalty, Citizenship and Constitutional Law in Australia | journal = API Network | editor-last = Mason | editor-first = Victoria | editor2-last = Nile | editor2-first = Richard | series = Symposia Series | publisher = API Network Press | year = 2005 | ssrn = 1130626 | url = https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1130626| access-date = 2025-01-10}}</ref>
}}|US (from 1985) }}
| education          = [[Worcester College, Oxford]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
| title              = {{ubil|Chairman and CEO of [[News Corporation]] (1980–2013)|Executive chairman of [[News Corp]] (2013–2023)|Chairman and CEO of [[21st Century Fox]] (2013–2015)|Executive co-chairman of 21st Century Fox (2015–2019)|Acting CEO of [[Fox News]] (2016–2018)|Chairman of Fox News (2016–2019)|Chairman of [[Fox Corporation]] (2019–2023)}}
| boards             = {{hlist|News Corp|Fox Corporation}}
| spouse             = {{plainlist|
*{{marriage|Patricia Booker|1956|1967|reason=divorced}}
*{{marriage|[[Anna Maria Torv]]|1967|1999|reason=divorced}}
*{{marriage|[[Wendi Deng]]|1999|2013|reason=divorced}}
*{{marriage|[[Jerry Hall]]|2016|2022|reason=divorced}}
*{{marriage|Elena Zhukova|2024}}}}
| children           = 6, including [[Prudence MacLeod|Prudence]], [[Elisabeth Murdoch (businesswoman)|Elisabeth]], [[Lachlan Murdoch|Lachlan]], and [[James Murdoch|James]]
| parents            = {{ubl|[[Keith Murdoch]]|[[Elisabeth Greene]]}}
| family             = [[Murdoch family]]
| footnotes          = {{Notelist|close}}
}}
{{Conservatism US|activists}}
'''Keith Rupert Murdoch''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɜːr|d|ɒ|k}} {{respell|MUR|dok}}; born 11 March 1931) is an American retired [[business magnate]], [[investor]], and [[media mogul]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.businesspundit.com/10-most-influential-media-moguls-in-history/|title=10 Most Influential Media Moguls in History|date=20 July 2011|work=Business Pundit|access-date=1 June 2017|archive-date=6 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606021540/http://www.businesspundit.com/10-most-influential-media-moguls-in-history/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Reagan>{{cite news |last=Mahler |first=Jonathan |date=3 April 2019 |title=How Rupert Murdoch's empire of influence remade the world |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/04/03/magazine/rupert-murdoch-fox-news-trump.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=24 March 2022}}</ref> Through his company [[News Corp]], he is the owner of hundreds of [[List of assets owned by News Corp|local, national, and international publishing outlets]] around the world, including in the UK (''[[The Sun (United Kingdom)|The Sun]]'' and ''[[The Times]]''), in Australia (''[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|The Daily Telegraph]], [[Herald Sun]]'', and ''[[The Australian]]''), in the US (''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' and the ''[[New York Post]]''), book publisher [[HarperCollins]], and the television broadcasting channels [[Sky News Australia]] and [[Fox News]] (through the [[Fox Corporation]]). He was also the owner of [[Sky Group|Sky]] (until 2018), [[21st Century Fox]] ([[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|until 2019]]), and the now-defunct ''[[News of the World]]''. With a net worth of {{US$|21.7}}{{nbsp}}billion {{as of|2022|03|02|lc=y|post=,}} Murdoch is the 31st richest person in the United States and the 71st richest in the world according to ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine.<ref name="Forbes">{{Cite magazine|title= #31 Rupert Murdoch & family |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/rupert-murdoch/|date=2 March 2022|access-date=2 March 2022|magazine=[[Forbes]]|issn=0015-6914|url-access=limited}}</ref> Due to his extensive wealth and influence over media and politics, Murdoch has been described as an [[Oligarchy|oligarch]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reich |first=Robert |date=2024-11-19 |title=To protect US democracy from tyrants, we must protect the truly free press |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/nov/20/protect-democracy-free-press |access-date=2024-12-26 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>{{Additional citations needed|date=May 2025}}

After his father [[Keith Murdoch]] died in 1952, Murdoch took over the running of ''[[The News (Adelaide)|The News]]'', a small [[Adelaide]] newspaper owned by his father. In the 1950s and 1960s, Murdoch acquired a number of newspapers in Australia and [[Media of New Zealand|New Zealand]] before expanding into the [[Media of the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]] in 1969, taking over the ''News of the World'', followed closely by ''The Sun''. In 1974, Murdoch moved to New York City, to expand into the US market; however, he retained interests in Australia and the UK. In 1981, Murdoch bought ''The Times'', his first British [[broadsheet]], and, in 1985, became a [[naturalized]] US citizen, giving up his Australian citizenship, to satisfy the legal requirement for US television network ownership.<ref name="Witzel" /> In 1986, keen to adopt newer electronic publishing technologies, Murdoch consolidated his UK printing operations in London, causing bitter industrial disputes. His holding company [[News Corporation]] acquired [[Twentieth Century Fox]] (1985), HarperCollins (1989),<ref>{{cite news|title=Rupert Murdoch faces authors' revolt|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/analysis/61122.stm|work=BBC|access-date=24 July 2011|date=1 March 1998|archive-date=11 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011234759/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/analysis/61122.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and ''The Wall Street Journal'' (2007). Murdoch formed the British broadcaster [[Sky plc|BSkyB]] in 1990 and, during the 1990s, expanded into Asian networks and South American television. By 2000, Murdoch's News Corporation owned more than 800 companies in more than 50 countries, with a net worth of more than $5 billion.<ref>''[https://theconversation.com/rupert-murdoch-his-fox-news-legacy-is-one-of-lies-with-little-accountability-and-political-power-that-rose-from-the-belief-in-his-power-3-essential-reads-214038 Rupert Murdoch: His Fox News legacy is one of lies, with little accountability, and political power that rose from the belief in his power − 3 essential reads]'', [[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]], September 21, 2023</ref>

In July 2011, Murdoch faced allegations that his companies, including the ''News of the World'', owned by News Corporation, had been regularly [[News International phone hacking scandal|hacking the phones]] of celebrities, royalty, and public citizens. Murdoch faced police and government investigations into [[bribery]] and corruption by the British government and [[FBI]] investigations in the US.<ref name="telegraph1">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/phone-hacking/8634757/Phone-hacking-David-Cameron-announces-terms-of-phone-hacking-inquiry.html|title=Phone hacking: David Cameron announces terms of phone-hacking inquiry|access-date=13 July 2011|work=The Telegraph|date=13 July 2011|location=London|archive-date=15 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715051813/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/phone-hacking/8634757/Phone-hacking-David-Cameron-announces-terms-of-phone-hacking-inquiry.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Ed Pilkington in New York, Andrew Gumbel and agencies|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/14/fbi-news-corp-hacking-claims?INTCMP=SRCH|title=FBI to investigate News Corporation over 9/11 hacking allegations|work=The Guardian|date=14 July 2011|access-date=24 April 2012|location=London|archive-date=22 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622063532/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jul/14/fbi-news-corp-hacking-claims?INTCMP=SRCH|url-status=live}}</ref> On 21 July 2012, Murdoch resigned as a director of [[News International]].<ref name="resignatiom">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-18940016|title=Rupert Murdoch resigns as News International director|access-date=21 July 2012|work=[[BBC News]]|date=21 July 2012|location=London|archive-date=30 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130145552/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-18940016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/22/world/europe/murdoch-resigns-from-british-newspaper-boards.html?_r=1|title=Murdoch Resigns From His British Papers' Boards|date=23 July 2012|work=The New York Times|first1=John F.|last1=Burns|first2=Ravi|last2=Somaiya|access-date=18 February 2017|archive-date=5 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152350/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/22/world/europe/murdoch-resigns-from-british-newspaper-boards.html?_r=1|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2023, Murdoch announced he would be stepping down as chairman of Fox Corp. and News Corp.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rizzo |first=Lillian |date=2023-09-21 |title=Rupert Murdoch steps down as chairman of Fox and News Corp |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/09/21/rupert-murdoch-steps-down-as-chairman-of-fox-and-news-corp.html |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> 

Many of Murdoch's papers and television channels have been accused of right-wing [[Media bias|biased]] and misleading coverage to support his business interests<ref>{{cite web |last1=Davies |first1=Anne |title=Follow the money: how News Corp wields power to defend its interests |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/sep/22/follow-the-money-how-news-corp-wields-power-to-defend-its-interests |website=[[The Guardian]] |date=21 September 2018 |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=14 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914200016/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/sep/22/follow-the-money-how-news-corp-wields-power-to-defend-its-interests |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Shafer |first1=Jack |title=Eight more reasons to distrust Rupert Murdoch. |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2007/05/eight-more-reasons-to-distrust-rupert-murdoch.html |website=[[Slate Magazine]] |date=8 May 2007 |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=14 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814030345/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2007/05/eight-more-reasons-to-distrust-rupert-murdoch.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=p6nyt>{{cite news| first1 = James | last1 = Barron | first2 = Campbell | last2 = Robertson|title=Page Six, Staple of Gossip, Reports on Its Own Tale|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=19 May 2007|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/19/nyregion/19six.html?_r=1&pagewanted=1&ref=nyregion&oref=slogin|access-date=19 May 2007 | url-access = subscription | eissn = 1553-8095 | issn = 0362-4331 | oclc = 1645522 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202074313/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/19/nyregion/19six.html?_r=1&pagewanted=1&ref=nyregion&oref=slogin | archive-date = 2 February 2017|url-status=live|quote=The harshest criticism of Mr. Murdoch from within Dow Jones has been that he is willing to contort his coverage of the news to suit his business needs, in particular that he has blocked reporting unflattering to the government of China. He has invested heavily in satellite television there and wants to remain in Beijing's favor.}}</ref> and political allies,<ref name=Times>{{cite web |last1=Stack |first1=Liam |title=6 Takeaways From The Times's Investigation Into Rupert Murdoch and His Family |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/04/03/magazine/murdoch-family-investigation.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=3 April 2019 |quote=Fox News has long exerted a gravitational pull on the Republican Party in the United States, where it most recently amplified the nativist revolt that has fueled the rise of the far right and the election of President Trump. Mr. Murdoch's newspaper ''The Sun'' spent years demonizing the European Union to its readers in Britain, where it helped lead the Brexit campaign that persuaded a slim majority of voters in a 2016 referendum to endorse pulling out of the bloc. Political havoc has reigned in Britain ever since. And in Australia, where his hold over the media is most extensive, Mr. Murdoch's outlets pushed for the repeal of the country's carbon tax and helped topple a series of prime ministers whose agenda he disliked, including Malcolm Turnbull last year. |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=12 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812014550/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/04/03/magazine/murdoch-family-investigation.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Alcorn |first1=Gay |title=Australia's Murdoch moment: has News Corp finally gone too far? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/may/10/australias-murdoch-moment-has-news-corp-finally-gone-too-far |website=[[The Guardian]] |date=10 May 2019 |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=7 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907031850/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/may/10/australias-murdoch-moment-has-news-corp-finally-gone-too-far |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Page2011">{{cite book|first=Bruce|last=Page|title=The Murdoch Archipelago|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H7TSR3DMm3wC|date=27 October 2011|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-84983-780-4|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027155907/https://books.google.com/books?id=H7TSR3DMm3wC|url-status=live}}</ref> and some have linked his influence with major political developments in the UK, US, and Australia.<ref name=Times/><ref name="Thomas2007">{{cite book|first=James|last=Thomas|title=Popular Newspapers, the Labour Party and British Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jE6QAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1|date=7 May 2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-77373-1}}</ref><ref name=Reagan/>

{{as of|2024|9}}, the Murdoch family is involved in a court case in the US in which his three children [[Elisabeth Murdoch (businesswoman)|Elisabeth]], [[Prudence Murdoch|Prudence]], and [[James Murdoch|James]] are challenging their father's bid to amend the [[Murdoch Family Trust|family trust]] to ensure that his eldest son, [[Lachlan Murdoch|Lachlan]], retains control of News Corp and Fox Corp, rather than the trust benefiting all of his six children, as is specified in its "irrevocable" terms.<ref name=clarke2024/>

== Early life and education==
Keith Rupert Murdoch was born on 11 March 1931 in [[Melbourne]], Victoria, Australia, the second of four children of Sir [[Keith Arthur Murdoch]] (1885–1952) and Dame [[Elisabeth Murdoch (philanthropist)|Elisabeth Joy]] ({{nee|Greene}}; 1909–2012).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HZLtCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1096|title=The Advertising Age Encyclopedia of Advertising|isbn=9781135949068|last1=McDonough|first1=John|last2=Egolf|first2=Karen|date=2015|page=1096|publisher=Routledge |access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=11 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611095950/https://books.google.com/books?id=HZLtCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1096|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="tuccille">{{cite book|last=Tuccille|first=Jerome|author-link=Jerome Tuccille|title=Rupert Murdoch|url=https://archive.org/details/rupertmurdoch00tucc/|date=1989|location=New York City|publisher=Donald I. Fine, Inc.|isbn=1556111541|access-date=17 November 2022}}</ref>{{rp|9}} He is of English, Irish and Scottish ancestry. His parents were also born in Melbourne. Murdoch's father was a [[war correspondent]] and later a regional newspaper magnate; he owned two newspapers in [[Adelaide]], South Australia and a radio station in a remote mining town and was chairman of the [[The Herald (Melbourne)|Herald and Weekly Times]] publishing company.<ref name="Witzel">''The encyclopedia of the history of American management'' (2005) [[Morgen Witzel]] Continuum International Publishing Group p. 393 {{ISBN|978-1-84371-131-5}}</ref><ref name=Belfield>{{cite book|title=Murdoch: The Decline of an Empire|url=https://archive.org/details/murdochdeclineof0000belf/|last1=Belfield|first1=Richard|last2=Hird|first2=Christopher|last3=Kelly|first3=Sharon|publisher=Fulcrum Productions|place=London|date=1991|access-date=17 November 2022|isbn=0356203395}}</ref>{{rp|16}}<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rupert-Murdoch|title=Rupert Murdoch|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=1 June 2017|archive-date=31 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331080426/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rupert-Murdoch|url-status=live}}</ref> Murdoch has three sisters: Helen (1929–2004), Anne (born 1935) and Janet (born 1939).<ref name="shawcross">{{cite book|last=Shawcross|first=William|author-link=William Shawcross|title=Murdoch|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780671875367/|date=1994|orig-date=1992|location=New York City|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|isbn=0671875361|access-date=17 November 2022}}</ref>{{rp|47}} His paternal grandfather, [[Patrick John Murdoch]], was a Scottish-born [[Presbyterian minister]] who emigrated to Australia in 1884.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Roberts|first=Tom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rMW_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT13|isbn=9781788317849|title=The Making of Murdoch: Power, Politics and What Shaped the Man Who Owns the Media|date=23 January 2020|page=13|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]}}</ref> 

Murdoch attended [[Geelong Grammar School]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Vander Hook|first=Sue|title=Rupert Murdoch: News Corporation Magnate|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MW0VHI3lumYC&pg=PA19|year=2011|publisher=ABDO|isbn=978-1-61714-782-1|page=19|access-date=25 November 2015|archive-date=1 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101120155/https://books.google.com/books?id=MW0VHI3lumYC&pg=PA19|url-status=live}}</ref> where he was co-editor of the school's official journal ''The Corian'' and editor of the student journal ''If Revived''.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=The Corian|date=May 1948|volume=LXXIV|issue=1|page=6|title=Staff}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=The Corian|date=May 1950|volume=LXXVII|issue=1|page=23|title=Staff}}</ref> Murdoch studied [[philosophy, politics and economics]] at [[Worcester College, Oxford]], in England, where he kept a bust of [[Lenin]] in his rooms and came to be known as "Red Rupert". He was a member of the Oxford University [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]],<ref name=Belfield />{{rp|34}}<ref name="BBC Murdoch" /> stood for secretary of the [[Labour Club]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kynaston|first1=David|author-link=David Kynaston|title=Family Britain 1951–57|date=2009|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|location=London|isbn=978-0-7475-8385-1|page=102|url=https://archive.org/details/familybritain1950000kyna/}}</ref> and managed [[Oxford Student Publications Limited]], the publishing house of ''[[Cherwell (newspaper)|Cherwell]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.oxfordtoday.ox.ac.uk/pdf/OT_Michaelmas_2009.pdf |work=Oxford Today |location=Oxford |title=Oxford Today, Oxford University alumni magazine |access-date=11 April 2011 }} {{dead link|date=August 2017|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> 

After his father's death from cancer in 1952, Murdoch's mother did charity work as the life governor of the [[Royal Women's Hospital]] in Melbourne and established the [[Murdoch Children's Research Institute]]; at the age of 102 (in 2011), she had 74 descendants.<ref name="Mother">{{cite news |last=Barnett |first=Laura |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/jul/20/rupert-murdoch-listen-to-mother |title=If only Rupert Murdoch would listen to his mother |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=20 July 2011 |access-date=24 April 2012 |archive-date=30 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930143729/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/jul/20/rupert-murdoch-listen-to-mother |url-status=live}}</ref> While his father was alive, Murdoch worked part-time at the [[The Herald (Melbourne)|''Melbourne Herald'']] and was groomed by his father to take over the family business.<ref name="Witzel" /><ref name="BBC Murdoch" /> After his father's death, he began working as a sub-editor with the ''[[Daily Express]]'' for two years.<ref name="Witzel" />

== Activities in Australia and New Zealand ==
[[File:KeithMurdoch.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Journalist Sir [[Keith Murdoch]] (1885–1952), Rupert Murdoch's father]]

Following his father's death, when he was 21, Murdoch returned from Oxford to take charge of what was left of the family business. After liquidation of his father's [[The Herald (Melbourne)|''Herald'']] stake to pay taxes, what was left was [[News Limited]], which had been established in 1923.<ref name=Belfield />{{rp|16}} Rupert Murdoch turned its [[Adelaide]] newspaper, ''[[The News (Adelaide)|The News]]'', its main asset, into a major success.<ref name="BBC Murdoch">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/2162658.stm|title=Rupert Murdoch: Bigger than Kane|last=Walker|first=Andrew|date=31 July 2002|publisher=BBC|access-date=27 December 2009|archive-date=26 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626060344/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/2162658.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> He began to direct his attention to acquisition and expansion, buying the troubled ''[[The Sunday Times (Western Australia)|Sunday Times]]'' in [[Perth]], Western Australia (1956) and over the next few years acquiring suburban and provincial newspapers in New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria and the [[Northern Territory]], including the Sydney afternoon tabloid ''[[The Daily Mirror (Australia)|The Daily Mirror]]'' (1960). ''[[The Economist]]'' describes Murdoch as "inventing the modern tabloid",<ref name=Economist>{{cite news|title=Last of the moguls|url=http://www.economist.com/node/18988526?story_id=18988526|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=21 July 2011|date=21 July 2011|archive-date=27 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927022307/http://www.economist.com/node/18988526?story_id=18988526|url-status=live}}</ref> as he developed a pattern for his newspapers, increasing sports and scandal coverage and adopting eye-catching headlines.<ref name="Witzel" />

Murdoch's first foray outside Australia involved the purchase of a controlling interest in the New Zealand daily ''[[The Dominion (Wellington)|The Dominion]]''. In January 1964, while touring New Zealand with friends in a rented Morris Minor after sailing across the Tasman, Murdoch read of a takeover bid for the Wellington paper by the British-based Canadian newspaper magnate [[Lord Thomson of Fleet]]. On the spur of the moment, he launched a counter-bid. A four-way battle for control ensued in which the 32-year-old Murdoch was ultimately successful.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://heritage.scotsman.com/notw-phone-hacking-allegations/Profile-Rupert-Murdoch.6801177.jp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713145005/http://heritage.scotsman.com/notw-phone-hacking-allegations/Profile-Rupert-Murdoch.6801177.jp|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 July 2012|title=Profile: Rupert Murdoch|work=The Scotsman|date=13 July 2011|access-date=24 April 2012}}</ref> Later in 1964, Murdoch launched ''[[The Australian]]'', Australia's first national daily newspaper, which was based first in [[Canberra]] and later in Sydney.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ricketson|first=Matthew|url=http://www.theage.com.au/business/welcome-antidote-to-news-limited-and-selfserving-spin-20090127-7r0g.html|title=Welcome antidote to News' limited and self-serving spin|work=[[The Age]]|date=28 January 2009|location=[[Melbourne]]|access-date=19 July 2011|archive-date=7 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107015850/http://www.theage.com.au/business/welcome-antidote-to-news-limited-and-selfserving-spin-20090127-7r0g.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1972, Murdoch acquired the Sydney morning tabloid ''[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|The Daily Telegraph]]'' from Australian media mogul Sir [[Frank Packer]], who later regretted selling it to him.<ref>{{cite web|last=Engledow|first=Sarah|title=Vintage Cassab|url=http://www.portrait.gov.au/magazine/article.php?articleID=178&author=14|work=Magazine of Australian and International Portraiture|publisher=National Portrait Gallery, Australia|date=December 2006 – February 2007|access-date=24 July 2011|archive-date=25 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325211813/http://www.portrait.gov.au/magazine/article.php?articleID=178&author=14|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1984, Murdoch was appointed [[Companion of the Order of Australia]] (AC) for services to publishing.<ref name="Rupert Murdoch 2011 p88">''Rupert Murdoch: News Corporation Magnate'' (2011) Sue Vander Hook. ABDO Publishing {{ISBN|1-61714-782-6}} p88</ref><ref name="ACorder">{{cite web |quote=AC AD84. For service to the media, particularly the newspaper publishing industry |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/883065 |title=Honours |publisher=Government of Australia |access-date=27 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227084912/https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/883065 |archive-date=27 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

After the [[Keating government]] relaxed media ownership laws, in 1986 Murdoch launched a takeover bid for [[The Herald and Weekly Times]], which was the largest newspaper publisher in Australia.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hawker |first1=Geoffrey |title=Media Ownership in Australia: Winners and Losers |journal=Media Information Australia |date=May 1987 |volume=44 |issue=44 |pages=12–15 |doi=10.1177/1329878X8704400104 |s2cid=167935345 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1329878X8704400104 |access-date=11 January 2023 |issn=0312-9616 }}</ref> There was a three-way takeover battle between Murdoch, Fairfax and [[Robert Holmes à Court]], with Murdoch succeeding after agreeing to some divestments.

In 1999, Murdoch significantly expanded his music holdings in Australia by acquiring the controlling share in a leading Australian independent label, [[Michael Gudinski]]'s [[Mushroom Records]]; he merged that with [[Festival Records]], and the result was [[Festival Mushroom Records]] (FMR). Both Festival and FMR were managed by Murdoch's son [[James Murdoch]] for several years.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/articles/2005/11/09/1131407684176.html|title=A long way to the bottom|work=Sydney Morning Herald|date=9 November 2005|access-date=24 April 2012|archive-date=23 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023082644/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2005/11/09/1131407684176.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Political activities in Australia ===
Murdoch found a political ally in Sir [[John McEwen]], leader of the Australian Country Party (now known as the [[National Party of Australia]]), who was governing in coalition with the larger Menzies-Holt-Gorton [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party]]. From the first issue of ''The Australian,'' Murdoch began taking McEwen's side in every issue that divided the long-serving coalition partners. (''The Australian'', 15 July 1964, first edition, front page: "Strain in Cabinet, Liberal-CP row flares.") It was an issue that threatened to split the coalition government and open the way for the stronger Australian Labor Party to dominate Australian politics. It was the beginning of a long campaign that served McEwen well.<ref name="Garden">Don Garden, ''Theodor Fink: A Talent for Ubiquity'' (Melbourne University Press 1998)</ref>

After McEwen and [[Robert Menzies|Menzies]] retired, Murdoch threw his growing power behind the [[Australian Labor Party]] under the leadership of [[Gough Whitlam]] and duly saw it elected<ref>{{cite news|title=A man of selfish loyalties: Rupert Murdoch's apparent overture to Tony Blair strikes a chilling chord among Australian politicians he has supported|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/a-man-of-selfish-loyalties-rupert-murdochs-apparent-overture-to-tony-blair-strikes-a-chilling-chord-among-australian-politicians-he-has-supported-1376362.html|date=14 August 1994|work=The Independent|access-date=24 July 2011|location=London|first=Robert|last=Milliken|archive-date=11 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111193311/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/a-man-of-selfish-loyalties-rupert-murdochs-apparent-overture-to-tony-blair-strikes-a-chilling-chord-among-australian-politicians-he-has-supported-1376362.html|url-status=live}}</ref> on a social platform that included universal free health care, free education for all Australians to tertiary level, recognition of the People's Republic of China, and public ownership of Australia's oil, gas and mineral resources. Rupert Murdoch's backing of Whitlam turned out to be brief. Murdoch had already started his short-lived ''National Star''<ref name="Garden" /> newspaper in America, and was seeking to strengthen his political contacts there.<ref>Shawcross, (1987) pp. 30–39</ref>

Asked about the [[2007 Australian federal election]] at News Corporation's annual general meeting in New York on 19 October 2007, its chairman Rupert Murdoch said: "I am not commenting on anything to do with [[Australian politics]]. I'm sorry. I always get into trouble when I do that." Pressed as to whether he believed Prime Minister [[John Howard]] should continue as prime minister, he said: "I have nothing further to say. I'm sorry. Read our editorials in the [[News Corporation#Final holdings|papers]]. It'll be the journalists who decide that – the editors."<ref>Michael Roland, [http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/10/20/2064922.htm Murdoch tight-lipped on election] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021032818/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/10/20/2064922.htm |date=21 October 2007 }}, [[ABC News Online]], published 20 October 2007</ref>

Murdoch described Howard's successor, Labor Party Prime Minister [[Kevin Rudd]], as "more ambitious to lead the world [in tackling climate change] than to lead Australia" and criticised Rudd's expansionary fiscal policies in the wake of the [[2008 financial crisis]] as unnecessary.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 November 2009 |title=Rudd too sensitive to criticism: Murdoch |url=http://news.brisbanetimes.com.au/breaking-news-national/rudd-too-sensitive-to-criticism-murdoch-20091107-i2oo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091112000940/http://news.brisbanetimes.com.au/breaking-news-national/rudd-too-sensitive-to-criticism-murdoch-20091107-i2oo.html |archive-date=12 November 2009 |access-date=25 April 2010 |work=Brisbane Times}}</ref> In 2009, in response to accusations by Rudd that News Limited was running vendettas against him and his government, Murdoch opined that Rudd was "oversensitive".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/rudd-too-sensitive-for-own-good-murdoch/story-e6frg8zx-1225795200045 |title=Rudd too sensitive for own good: Murdoch |work=The Australian |date=7 November 2009 |access-date=9 November 2009 |archive-date=12 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091112001418/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/rudd-too-sensitive-for-own-good-murdoch/story-e6frg8zx-1225795200045 |url-status=live }}</ref> Although News Limited's interests are extensive, also including the ''[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|Daily Telegraph]]'', the ''[[Courier-Mail]]'' and the ''[[Adelaide Advertiser]]'', it was suggested by the commentator [[Mungo Wentworth MacCallum|Mungo MacCallum]] in ''[[The Monthly]]'' that "the anti-Rudd push, if coordinated at all, was almost certainly locally driven" as opposed to being directed by Murdoch, who also took a different position from local editors on such matters as climate change and stimulus packages to mitigate the effects of the [[2008 financial crisis]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Comment: Rudd and the Murdoch Press |date=September 2009 |first=Mungo |last=MacCallum |url=http://www.themonthly.com.au/nation-reviewed-mungo-maccallum-comment-rudd-and-murdoch-press-1945 |work=[[The Monthly]] |pages=8–11 |access-date=23 July 2011 |archive-date=12 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712160106/http://www.themonthly.com.au/nation-reviewed-mungo-maccallum-comment-rudd-and-murdoch-press-1945 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Murdoch is a supporter of the formation of an [[Australian republic]], having campaigned for such a change during the [[1999 referendum]].<ref>{{cite web|title = Murdoch appeals to Australians' pride|url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/04/australia.monarchy1|website = the Guardian|access-date = 20 September 2015|first = Duncan|last = Campbell|date = 4 November 1999|archive-date = 19 July 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160719224457/https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/04/australia.monarchy1|url-status = live}}</ref>

== Activities in the United Kingdom ==
=== Business activities in the United Kingdom ===

[[File:Rupert Murdoch - WEF Davos 2007.jpg|thumb|upright|Murdoch – [[World Economic Forum]] Annual Meeting in [[Davos]], in 2007]]

In 1968, Murdoch entered the British newspaper market with his acquisition of the populist ''[[News of the World]]'', followed in 1969 with the purchase of the struggling daily ''[[The Sun (United Kingdom)|The Sun]]'' from [[IPC Media|IPC]].<ref name="Deals">{{cite web | url = https://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/jul/18/citynews.pressandpublishing | title = Rupert Murdoch – a lifetime of deals | date = 18 July 2007 | location = London | work = The Guardian | first = Chris | last = Tryhorn | access-date = 13 December 2016 | archive-date = 23 December 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161223141435/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/jul/18/citynews.pressandpublishing | url-status = live }}</ref> Murdoch turned ''The Sun'' into a [[Tabloid (newspaper format)|tabloid]] format and reduced costs by using the same printing press for both newspapers. On acquiring it, he appointed [[Larry Lamb (newspaper editor)|Albert 'Larry' Lamb]] as editor and – Lamb recalled later – told him: "I want a tearaway paper with lots of tits in it". In 1997 ''The Sun'' attracted 10 million daily readers.<ref name="Witzel" /> In 1981, Murdoch acquired the struggling ''[[The Times|Times]]'' and ''[[Sunday Times]]'' from Canadian newspaper publisher [[Kenneth Thomson, 2nd Baron Thomson of Fleet|Lord Thomson of Fleet]].<ref name="Deals" /> Ownership of ''The Times'' came to him through his relationship with Lord Thomson, who had grown tired of losing money on it as a result of an extended period of industrial action that stopped publication.<ref>Harold Evans, ''Good Times, Bad Times'', 1983</ref> In the light of success and expansion at ''The Sun'' the owners believed that Murdoch could turn the papers around. [[Harold Evans]], editor of the ''Sunday Times'' from 1967, was switched to the daily ''Times'', though he stayed only a year amid editorial conflict with Murdoch.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/481851.stm |title=Journalist legend calls it a day |work=BBC News |date=22 October 1999 |access-date=24 April 2012 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093709/http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/480000/video/_481851_harold_vi.ram |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>"[Murdoch] guaranteed that editors would have control of the political policy of their newspapers … that the editors would not be subject to instruction from the proprietor on selection and balance of news and opinion … that instructions to journalists would be given only by their editor". [[Harold Evans]] ''Good Times, Bad Times''. 1984</ref>

During the 1980s and early 1990s, Murdoch's publications were generally supportive of Britain's Prime Minister [[Margaret Thatcher]].<ref>Page (2003) p. 3, pp. 253–419</ref> At the end of the [[Premiership of Margaret Thatcher|Thatcher]]/[[Premiership of John Major|Major]] era, Murdoch switched his support to the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] and its leader, [[Tony Blair]]. The closeness of his relationship with Blair and their secret meetings to discuss national policies was to become a political issue in Britain.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/jul/23/newscorporation.rupertmurdoch | work=The Observer | location=London | title=The PM, the mogul and the secret agenda | first=Gaby | last=Hinsliff | date=23 July 2006 | access-date=10 April 2010 | archive-date=23 October 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023131000/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/jul/23/newscorporation.rupertmurdoch | url-status=live }}</ref> This later changed, with ''The Sun'', in its English editions, publicly renouncing the ruling Labour government and lending its support to [[David Cameron]]'s [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], which soon afterwards formed a coalition government. In Scotland, where the Conservatives had suffered a complete annihilation in 1997, the paper began to endorse the [[Scottish National Party]] (though not yet its flagship policy of independence), which soon after came to form the first-ever outright majority in the proportionally elected Scottish Parliament. Former Prime Minister Gordon Brown's official spokesman said in November 2009 that Brown and Murdoch "were in regular communication" and that "there is nothing unusual in the prime minister talking to Rupert Murdoch".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mulholland|first=Hélène|title=Gordon Brown spoke to Rupert Murdoch after misspelling row|newspaper=The Guardian|date=12 November 2009|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2009/nov/12/gordon-brown-rupert-murdoch-misspelling|location=London|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=8 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308205151/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2009/nov/12/gordon-brown-rupert-murdoch-misspelling|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1986, Murdoch introduced electronic production processes to his newspapers in Australia, Britain and the United States. The greater degree of automation led to significant reductions in the number of employees involved in the printing process. In England, the move roused the anger of the print unions, resulting in a long and often violent dispute that played out in [[Wapping]], one of London's docklands areas, where Murdoch had installed the very latest electronic newspaper purpose-built publishing facility in an old warehouse.<ref>Page (2003), pp. 368–93</ref> The bitter [[Wapping dispute]] started with the dismissal of 6,000 employees who had gone on strike and resulted in street battles and demonstrations. Many on the political left in Britain alleged the collusion of Margaret Thatcher's Conservative government with Murdoch in the Wapping affair, as a way of damaging the [[British trade union movement]].<ref>{{cite web | work = The Guardian | location = London | url = https://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/oct/12/rupertmurdoch.citynews1?INTCMP=SRCH | title = Fortress Wapping: A history | date = 12 October 2004 | first = Dominic | last = Timms | access-date = 13 December 2016 | archive-date = 27 September 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160927200019/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/oct/12/rupertmurdoch.citynews1?INTCMP=SRCH | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>Rt. Hon. Tony Benn cited in ''Hansard'', 8 May 1986. 'The mounted police advanced out of the plant exactly as the tactical options manual says that they should. They ran into the crowd. They were covered by riot police who did several things. First, they ran indiscriminately into the crowd and battered people who had had nothing whatsoever to do with any stones that might have been thrown ... They surrounded the bus that was acting as an ambulance. One man had a heart attack and I appealed over the loudspeaker for the police to withdraw to allow an ambulance to come. None was allowed for 30 minutes. When the man was put on a trestle a police horse jostled it and the man nearly fell off as he was carried out to the ambulance. The police surrounded the park where the meeting took place. They surrounded the area so that people could not escape.'</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url = http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-newscorp-wapping-idUKTRE7675GM20110708 | title = Murdoch protests come full circle 25 years on | work = Reuters | date = 8 July 2011 | place = UK | access-date = 19 July 2011 | archive-date = 11 July 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110711053349/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/07/08/uk-newscorp-wapping-idUKTRE7675GM20110708 | url-status = dead }}</ref> In 1987, the dismissed workers accepted a settlement of £60 million.<ref name="Witzel" />

In 1998, Murdoch made an attempt to buy the football club [[Manchester United F.C.]],<ref>{{Cite news | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/murdochs-man-utd-bid-blocked-1086123.html | title = Murdoch's Man Utd bid blocked | date = 10 April 1999 | work = The Independent | location = London | first1 = Peter | last1 = Thal Larsen | first2 = Andrew | last2 = Grice | access-date = 22 August 2017 | archive-date = 19 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170819141521/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/murdochs-man-utd-bid-blocked-1086123.html | url-status = live }}</ref> with an offer of £625&nbsp;million, but this failed. It was the largest amount ever offered for a sports club. It was blocked by the [[Competition Commission|United Kingdom's Competition Commission]], which stated that the acquisition would have "hurt competition in the broadcast industry and the quality of British football".

Murdoch's British-based satellite network, [[Sky Television plc|Sky Television]], incurred massive losses in its early years of operation. As with many of his other business interests, Sky was heavily subsidised by the profits generated by his other holdings, but convinced rival satellite operator [[British Satellite Broadcasting]] to accept a merger on his terms in 1990.<ref name="Witzel" /> The merged company, [[BSkyB]], has dominated the British pay-TV market ever since, pursuing [[Direct-broadcast satellite|direct to home (DTH)]] satellite broadcasting.<ref>{{Cite web | publisher = OFTEL | place = UK | title = Submission to the ITC on competition issues arising from the award of digital terrestrial television multiplex licences | date = 16 September 2016 | quote = The OFT has already found BSkyB to be dominant in the wholesale market for premium programming content (particularly certain sports and movie rights). BSkyB also currently controls the satellite network for direct to the home (DTH) pay television in the UK. Given its control of premium programming content, it also controls a vital input into the cable companies transmission and programme activities | url = http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/oftel/ind_info/broadcasting/dtt.htm | archive-date = 4 July 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110704204335/http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/oftel/ind_info/broadcasting/dtt.htm | url-status = bot: unknown | access-date = 10 July 2011 }}</ref> By 1996, BSkyB had more than 3.6 million subscribers, triple the number of cable customers in the UK.<ref name="Witzel" />

Murdoch has a seat on the Strategic Advisory Board of [[Genie Energy|Genie Oil and Gas]], having jointly invested with [[Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild|Lord Rothschild]] in a 5.5% stake in the company which conducted shale gas and oil exploration in [[Colorado]], [[Mongolia]], [[Israel]], and the occupied [[Golan Heights]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://ir.idt.net/profiles/investor/ResLibraryView.asp?ResLibraryID=41777&GoTopage=1&Category=30&BzID=566&t=1697&G=752|title= Business and Financial Leaders Lord Rothschild and Rupert Murdoch Invest in Genie Oil & Gas|publisher= [[IDT Corporation]]|date= 15 November 2010|access-date= 9 April 2016|archive-date= 28 July 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200728132535/http://ir.idt.net/profiles/investor/ResLibraryView.asp?ResLibraryID=41777&GoTopage=1&Category=30&BzID=566&t=1697&G=752|url-status= live}}</ref>

In response to print media's decline and the increasing influence of online journalism during the 2000s, Murdoch proclaimed his support of the [[micropayments]] model for obtaining revenue from online news,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/may/07/rupert-murdoch-charging-websites | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=News Corp will charge for newspaper websites, says Rupert Murdoch | first=Andrew | last=Clark | date=7 May 2009 | access-date=10 April 2010 | archive-date=3 November 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103195200/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/may/07/rupert-murdoch-charging-websites | url-status=live }}</ref> although this has been criticised by some.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shirky.com/weblog/2009/03/newspapers-and-thinking-the-unthinkable/ |title=Newspapers and Thinking the Unthinkable |last=Shirky |first=Clay |website=Shirky.com |date=13 March 2009 |access-date=25 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100506202546/http://www.shirky.com/weblog/2009/03/newspapers-and-thinking-the-unthinkable/ |archive-date=6 May 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In January 2018, the [[Competition and Markets Authority|CMA]] blocked Murdoch from taking over the remaining 61% of [[BSkyB]] he did not already own, over fear of market dominance that could potentialise censorship of the media. His bid for BSkyB was later approved by the CMA as long as he sold [[Sky News]] to [[the Walt Disney Company]], which was already set to acquire 21st Century Fox. However, it was [[Comcast]] who won control of BSkyB in a blind auction ordered by the CMA. Murdoch ultimately sold his 39% of BSkyB to Comcast.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.politicshome.com/news/article/competition-watchdog-blocks-rupert-murdochs-sky-takeover-bid|title=Competition watchdog blocks Rupert Murdoch's Sky takeover bid |last=Ashmore |first=John |website=PoliticsHome |date=23 January 2018 |access-date=20 January 2022}}</ref>

News Corporation has subsidiaries in the [[Bahamas]], the [[Cayman Islands]], the [[Channel Islands]] and the [[Virgin Islands]]. From 1986, News Corporation's annual tax bill averaged around seven percent of its profits.<ref>Chenoweth (2001) pp. 300–303, 87–90, 177</ref>

=== Political activities in the United Kingdom ===
In Britain, in the 1980s, Murdoch formed a close alliance with [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] prime minister [[Margaret Thatcher]].<ref name=:40/> In February 1981, when Murdoch, already owner of ''[[The Sun (UK)|The Sun]]'' and ''[[The News of the World]]'', sought to buy ''[[The Times]]'' and ''[[The Sunday Times]]'', Thatcher's government let his bid pass without referring it to the [[Monopolies and Mergers Commission]], which was usual practice at the time.<ref name=I>{{cite web |last1=McSmith |first1=Andy |title=Revealed: Murdoch's secret meeting with Mrs Thatcher before he bought The Times |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/press/revealed-murdochs-secret-meeting-with-mrs-thatcher-before-he-bought-the-times-7575910.html |website=[[The Independent]] |language=en |date=17 March 2012 |access-date=28 August 2020 |archive-date=4 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204080624/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/press/revealed-murdochs-secret-meeting-with-mrs-thatcher-before-he-bought-the-times-7575910.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=G>{{cite web |last1=Travis |first1=Alan |title=Murdoch did meet Thatcher before Times takeover, memo reveals |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/mar/17/rupert-murdoch-margaret-thatcher |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en |date=17 March 2012 |access-date=28 August 2020 |archive-date=24 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924132120/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/mar/17/rupert-murdoch-margaret-thatcher |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=McNally |first1=Paul |title=Rupert Murdoch: Thatcher meeting over Times was 'quite appropriate' |url=https://www.journalism.co.uk/news/rupert-murdoch-thatcher-meeting-over-times-was-quite-appropriate-/s2/a548945/ |website=journalism.co.uk |date=25 April 2012 |access-date=28 August 2020 |archive-date=21 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821153033/http://www.journalism.co.uk/news/rupert-murdoch-thatcher-meeting-over-times-was-quite-appropriate-/s2/a548945/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Although contact between the two before this point had been explicitly denied in an official history of ''The Times'', documents found in Thatcher's archives in 2012 revealed a secret meeting had taken place a month before in which Murdoch briefed Thatcher on his plans for the paper, such as taking on trade unions.<ref name=I/><ref name=G/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Owen |title=How Rupert Murdoch built up to Fox News: "It clearly isn't a free media" |url=https://www.salon.com/test2/2015/05/03/how_rupert_murdoch_built_up_to_fox_news_it_clearly_isnt_a_free_media/ |website=[[Salon (magazine)|Salon]] |language=en |date=3 May 2015 |access-date=28 August 2020 |archive-date=27 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027155907/https://www.salon.com/test2/2015/05/03/how_rupert_murdoch_built_up_to_fox_news_it_clearly_isnt_a_free_media/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

''The Sun'' [[It's The Sun Wot Won It|credited itself]] with helping her successor [[John Major]] to win an unexpected election victory in the [[1992 United Kingdom general election|1992 general election]], which had been expected to end in a [[hung parliament]] or a narrow win for Labour, then led by [[Neil Kinnock]].<ref name=:40>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/3654446.stm | work=BBC News | title=Forty years of The Sun | date=14 September 2004 | access-date=10 April 2010 | first=Torin | last=Douglas | archive-date=12 September 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070912042605/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/3654446.stm | url-status=live }}</ref> In the general elections of [[1997 United Kingdom general election|1997]], [[2001 United Kingdom general election|2001]] and [[2005 United Kingdom general election|2005]], Murdoch's papers were either neutral or supported [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] under [[Tony Blair]].{{citation needed|date=July 2014}}

The Labour Party, from when Blair became leader in 1994, had moved from the centre-left to a more centrist position on many economic issues before 1997. Murdoch identifies himself as a [[Libertarianism in the United States|libertarian]], saying "What does libertarian mean? As much individual responsibility as possible, as little government as possible, as few rules as possible. But I'm not saying it should be taken to the absolute limit."<ref>{{cite news |last=Shawcross |first=William |title=Rupert Murdoch |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/intl/article/0,9171,1107991025-33716,00.html |magazine=Time |access-date=29 November 2012 |date=3 November 1999 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060618211609/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/intl/article/0%2C9171%2C1107991025-33716%2C00.html |archive-date=18 June 2006 }}</ref>

In a speech he delivered in New York in 2005, Murdoch claimed that Blair described the [[BBC]] coverage of the [[Hurricane Katrina]] disaster, which was critical of the Bush administration's response, as full of hatred of America.<ref>{{cite news|title=Blair 'attacked BBC over Katrina'|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4257190.stm|work=BBC News|access-date=29 August 2010|date=18 September 2005|archive-date=2 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202020111/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4257190.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 28 June 2006, the BBC reported that Murdoch and News Corporation were considering backing new [[Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative leader]] [[David Cameron]] at the next General Election – still up to four years away.<ref>{{cite news | url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/5127284.stm | title= Murdoch flirts with Conservatives | work= BBC News | date= 28 June 2006 | access-date= 25 April 2010 | archive-date= 15 January 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090115142315/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/5127284.stm | url-status= live }}</ref> In a later interview in July 2006, when he was asked what he thought of the Conservative leader, Murdoch replied "Not much".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/the-world-according-to-rupert-6094669.html |title=The world according to Rupert |work=The Independent |location=London |date=23 July 2006 |access-date=25 April 2010 |first=Nicholas |last=Wapshott |archive-date=18 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418012718/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/the-world-according-to-rupert-6094669.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In a 2009 blog, it was suggested that in the aftermath of the [[News International phone hacking scandal|''News of the World'' phone hacking scandal]], which might yet have transatlantic implications,<ref>{{Cite journal | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-14111966 | title = Rupert Murdoch: Could his US empire be affected? | journal = BBC News | date = 12 July 2011 | access-date = 21 July 2018 | archive-date = 9 November 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181109224308/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-14111966 | url-status = live }}</ref> Murdoch and News Corporation might have decided to back Cameron.<ref>{{cite news | location= London | url= http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/christopherhope/100002849/rupert-murdoch-to-back-david-cameron-at-next-general-election-exclusive/ | work= The Daily Telegraph | date= 10 July 2009 | access-date= 10 April 2010 | title= Rupert Murdoch to back David Cameron at next general election | archive-date= 4 March 2016 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083410/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/christopherhope/100002849/rupert-murdoch-to-back-david-cameron-at-next-general-election-exclusive/ | url-status= dead }}</ref> Despite this, there had already been a convergence of interests between the two men over the muting of Britain's communications regulator [[Ofcom]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/mediamoney/2009/07/06/paying-tribute-to-murdoch-cameron-promises-the-end-of-ofcom-as-we-know-it |last1=Kirwan |first1=Peter |title=Paying tribute to Murdoch: Cameron promises the end of Ofcom "as we know it" |website=Media Money |publisher=Press Gazette |location=UK |date=6 July 2009 |access-date=25 April 2010 |archive-date=22 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622224157/http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/mediamoney/2009/07/06/paying-tribute-to-murdoch-cameron-promises-the-end-of-ofcom-as-we-know-it |url-status=live }}</ref>

In August 2008, Cameron accepted free flights to hold private talks and attend private parties with Murdoch on his yacht, the ''Rosehearty''.<ref name="R000977">{{cite news| first= Andrew| last= Grice| title= Cameron, Murdoch and a Greek island freebie| date= 24 October 2008| url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/cameron-murdoch-and-a-greek-island-freebie-971470.html| work= The Independent| location= London| access-date= 25 October 2008| archive-date= 16 January 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090116204730/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/cameron-murdoch-and-a-greek-island-freebie-971470.html| url-status= live}}</ref> Cameron declared in the Commons register of interests he accepted a private plane provided by Murdoch's son-in-law, public relations guru [[Matthew Freud]]; Cameron did not reveal his talks with Murdoch. The gift of travel in Freud's [[Gulfstream IV]] private jet was valued at around £30,000. Other guests attending the "social events" included the then EU trade commissioner [[Lord Mandelson]], the Russian oligarch [[Oleg Deripaska]] and co-chairman of [[NBC Universal]] [[Ben Silverman]]. The Conservatives did not disclose what was discussed.<ref name="R000976">{{cite news| first= David| last= Hencke| title= Tories try to play down Aegean dinner| date= 25 October 2008| url= https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2008/oct/25/david-cameron-rupert-murdoch-meeting| work= The Guardian| access-date= 25 October 2008| location= London| archive-date= 19 December 2013| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131219130952/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2008/oct/25/david-cameron-rupert-murdoch-meeting| url-status= live}}</ref>

In July 2011, it emerged that Cameron had met key executives of Murdoch's News Corporation a total of 26 times during the 14 months that Cameron had served as prime minister up to that point.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.voanews.com/a/rupert-murdoch-apologizes-to-phone-hacking-victims-125682133/142346.html | title = Records Show Britain's Cameron Kept Close Ties to Murdoch Officials | work = [[VOA News]] | date = 16 July 2011 | access-date = 17 July 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110718095255/http://www.voanews.com/english/news/europe/Rupert-Murdoch-Apologizes-to-Phone-Hacking-Victims-125682133.html | archive-date = 18 July 2011 | url-status=live }}</ref> It was also reported that Murdoch had given Cameron a personal guarantee that there would be no risk attached to hiring [[Andy Coulson]], the former editor of ''News of the World'', as the Conservative Party's communication director in 2007.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/press/the-battle-of-wapping-mk-ii-2310041.html |title=The Battle of Wapping, Mk II – Press, Media |work=The Independent |location=UK |access-date=12 July 2011 |first1=Jane |last1=Merrick |first2=James |last2=Hanning |first3=Matt |last3=Chorley |first4=Brian |last4=Brady |date=10 July 2011 |archive-date=12 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712032119/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/press/the-battle-of-wapping-mk-ii-2310041.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This was in spite of Coulson having resigned as editor over phone hacking by a reporter. Cameron chose to take Murdoch's advice, despite warnings from the deputy prime minister, [[Nick Clegg]], [[Paddy Ashdown|Lord Ashdown]] and ''[[The Guardian]]''.<ref>{{cite news | author = Toby Helm and Daniel Boffey | url = https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/jul/09/phone-hacking-andy-coulson-paddy-ashdown | title = Phone hacking: I warned No 10 over Coulson appointment, says Ashdown | work = The Guardian | location = UK | access-date = 12 July 2011 | date = 9 July 2011 | archive-date = 19 December 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131219130928/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/jul/09/phone-hacking-andy-coulson-paddy-ashdown | url-status = live }}</ref> Coulson resigned his post in 2011 and was later arrested and questioned on allegations of further criminal activity at the ''News of the World'', specifically the phone hacking scandal. As a result of the subsequent trial, Coulson was sentenced to 18 months in jail.<ref>{{Cite news | url = https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-28160626 | title = Andy Coulson jailed for 18 months over phone hacking | work = [[BBC News]] | date = 4 July 2014 | access-date = 21 July 2018 | archive-date = 10 October 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181010213508/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-28160626 | url-status = live }}</ref>

In June 2016, ''The Sun'' supported Vote Leave in the [[United Kingdom European Union membership referendum]]. Murdoch called the [[Brexit]] result "wonderful", comparing the decision to withdraw from the EU to "a prison break ... we're out".<ref>{{cite news|title=Rupert Murdoch gives his verdict on 'wonderful' Brexit|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/brexit-rupert-murdoch-the-sun-eu-referendum-a7108621.html|newspaper=The Independent|date=22 July 2016|access-date=22 August 2017|archive-date=18 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118122337/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/brexit-rupert-murdoch-the-sun-eu-referendum-a7108621.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Anthony Hilton, economics editor for the ''[[Evening Standard]]'' but describing a period when he interviewed Murdoch for ''[[The Guardian]]'', quoted Murdoch as justifying his [[Euroscepticism]] with the words "When I go into Downing Street, they do what I say; when I go to Brussels, they take no notice."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/comment/comment/anthony-hilton-stay-or-go-the-lack-of-solid-facts-means-it-s-all-a-leap-of-faith-a3189151.html|title = Stay or go - the lack of solid facts means it's all a leap of faith| newspaper=The Standard |date = 25 February 2016 | last1=Hilton | first1=Anthony }}</ref> Murdoch denied saying this later in a letter to ''The Guardian''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/dec/19/rupert-murdoch-i-have-never-asked-for-anything-from-any-prime-minister|title = Rupert Murdoch: 'I have never asked for anything from any prime minister' &#124; Letter|website = [[TheGuardian.com]]|date = 19 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/rupert-murdoch-says-never-asks-anything-prime-minister-37419|title=Rupert Murdoch references 'fake news' as he denies influence on PM|date=19 December 2016}}</ref>

With some exceptions, ''The Sun'' had generally been supportive of the government of Conservative prime minister [[Boris Johnson]]. Murdoch and his employees were the media representatives ministers from the [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom|Cabinet]] and [[HM Treasury|Treasury]] most frequently held meetings during the first two years of Johnson's government. However, newspaper circulation in general including among subsidiaries of News International fell sharply in the United Kingdom during the early 21st century, leading some commentators to suggest that Murdoch was not as influential in British political debate by the early 2020s as he had once been.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ponsford|first=Dominic|date=25 June 2021|title=Rupert Murdoch's bid to end editorial independence at the Times is a sign of decline|url=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/media/2021/06/rupert-murdoch-s-bid-end-editorial-independence-times-sign-decline|access-date=26 June 2021|website=www.newstatesman.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Mayhew|first=Freddy|date=13 May 2021|title=Politicians and the press: Ten years after Leveson we investigate whether they are still too close|url=https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/politicians-and-the-press-ten-years-after-leveson-we-investigate-whether-they-are-still-too-close/|access-date=26 June 2021|website=Press Gazette|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=21 June 2021|title=Most popular newspapers in the UK. National press ABCs|url=https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/most-popular-newspapers-uk-abc-monthly-circulation-figures/|access-date=26 June 2021|website=Press Gazette|language=en-US}}</ref>

== News International phone hacking scandal ==
{{Main|News International phone hacking scandal}}
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In July 2011, Murdoch, along with his youngest son [[James Murdoch (media executive)|James]], provided testimony before a [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British parliamentary]] committee regarding phone hacking. In the UK, his media empire came under fire, as investigators probed reports of 2011 phone hacking.<ref name="cnnaug">{{cite news |url=http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2011/08/16/murdoch-pie-thrower-reportedly-blogging-from-prison/?hpt=hp_t1 |title=CC Murdoch pie thrower reportedly blogging from prison |publisher=CNN |date=16 August 2011 |access-date=24 April 2012 |archive-date=14 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114094826/http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2011/08/16/murdoch-pie-thrower-reportedly-blogging-from-prison/?hpt=hp_t1 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 14 July 2011 the [[Culture, Media and Sport Committee]] of the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] served a [[summons]] on Murdoch, his son James, and his former CEO [[Rebekah Brooks]] to testify before a committee five days later.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-07-12/news-corp-s-murdoch-faces-six-u-k-inquiries-as-parliament-seeks-hearing.html|publisher=Bloomberg|access-date=24 July 2011|title=News Corp.'s Murdoch Faces Six U.K. Inquiries as Parliament Seeks Hearing|date=13 July 2011|first1=Lindsay|last1=Fortado|first2=Thomas|last2=Penny|archive-date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716172810/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-07-12/news-corp-s-murdoch-faces-six-u-k-inquiries-as-parliament-seeks-hearing.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After an initial refusal, the Murdochs confirmed they would attend, after the committee issued them a summons to Parliament.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-14148658 |title=Phone hacking: Murdochs agree to appear before MPs |publisher=BBC |date=14 July 2011 |access-date=24 April 2012 |archive-date=19 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319073226/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-14148658 |url-status=live }}</ref> The day before the committee, the website of the News Corporation publication ''[[The Sun (United Kingdom)|The Sun]]'' was hacked, and a false story was posted on the front page claiming that Murdoch had died.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rovzar|first=Chris|title=Website of Murdoch's Sun Hacked|url=https://nymag.com/daily/intel/2011/07/website_of_murdochs_sun_hacked.html|access-date=18 July 2011|newspaper=[[New York Magazine]]|date=18 July 2011|agency=New York Media Holdings|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721104502/http://nymag.com/daily/intel/2011/07/website_of_murdochs_sun_hacked.html|archive-date=21 July 2011|url-status=live|location=New York City}}</ref> Murdoch described the day of the committee "the most humble day of my life". He argued that since he ran a global business of 53,000 employees and that ''News of the World'' was "just 1%" of this, he was not ultimately responsible for what went on at the tabloid. He added that he had not considered resigning,<ref name=BBC14195259>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-14195259|title=Phone hacking: 'Humbled' Murdoch rejects blame|work=BBC News|date=19 July 2011|access-date=19 July 2011|archive-date=19 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719112144/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-14195259|url-status=live}}</ref> and that he and the other top executives had been completely unaware of the hacking.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2011/07/19/live-blog-police-murdoch-brooks-to-testify-in-phone-hacking-scandal/|title=Murdochs, Brooks, Police testify in phone-hacking scandal|date=19 July 2011|work=CNN|access-date=19 July 2011|archive-date=20 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720022238/http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2011/07/19/live-blog-police-murdoch-brooks-to-testify-in-phone-hacking-scandal/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/20/world/europe/20hacking.html|title=Murdochs Say Top Executives Didn't Know of Phone Hacking|date=19 July 2011|work=The New York Times|access-date=19 July 2011|first=Sarah|last=Lyall|archive-date=21 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721080340/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/20/world/europe/20hacking.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 15 July, Murdoch attended a private meeting in London with the family of [[Milly Dowler]], where he personally apologised for the hacking of their murdered daughter's voicemail by a company he owns.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14170756 |title=Rupert Murdoch 'sorry' in newspaper adverts |work=BBC News |date=16 July 2011 |access-date=16 July 2011 |archive-date=16 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716112211/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14170756 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="guardian.co.uk">{{cite news |author=Lisa O' Carroll |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/jul/16/rupert-murdoch-phone-hacking-apology?INTCMP=SRCH |title=Rupert Murdoch's public acts of contrition |work=The Guardian |date=16 July 2011 |access-date=24 April 2012 |location=London |archive-date=19 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219132027/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/jul/16/rupert-murdoch-phone-hacking-apology?INTCMP=SRCH |url-status=live }}</ref> On 16 and 17 July, News International published two full-page apologies in many of Britain's national newspapers. The first apology took the form of a letter, signed by Murdoch, in which he said sorry for the "serious wrongdoing" that occurred. The second was titled "Putting right what's gone wrong", and gave more detail about the steps News International was taking to address the public's concerns.<ref name="guardian.co.uk" /> In the wake of the allegations, Murdoch accepted the resignations of Brooks and [[Les Hinton]], head of Dow Jones who was chairman of Murdoch's British newspaper division when some of the abuses happened. They both deny any knowledge of any wrongdoing under their command.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.heraldtribune.com/article/20110715/WIRE/110719709 |title=Wall Street Journal publisher resigns |work=Herald Tribune |date=15 July 2011 |access-date=24 April 2012 |archive-date=9 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009041706/http://www.heraldtribune.com/article/20110715/WIRE/110719709 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 27 February 2012, the day after the first issue of ''The Sun on Sunday'' was published, Deputy Assistant Commissioner Sue Akers informed the [[Leveson Inquiry]] that police are investigating a "network of corrupt officials" as part of their inquiries into phone hacking and police corruption. She said that evidence suggested a "culture of illegal payments" at ''The Sun'' and that these payments allegedly made by ''The Sun'' were authorised at a senior level.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-17173438|title=Leveson Inquiry: Evidence suggests 'network of corrupt officials'|work=BBC News|date=27 February 2012|access-date=27 February 2012|archive-date=27 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227024830/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-17173438|url-status=live}}</ref>

In testimony on 25 April, Murdoch did not deny the quote attributed to him by his former editor of ''The Sunday Times'', [[Harold Evans]]: "I give instructions to my editors all round the world, why shouldn't I in London?"<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/apr/26/what-rupert-murdoch-hasnt-read |title= Just what hasn't Rupert Murdoch read? |first= Helen |last= Pidd |date= 26 April 2012 |work= The Guardian |access-date= 21 April 2012 |location= London |archive-date= 19 December 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131219130948/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/apr/26/what-rupert-murdoch-hasnt-read |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.levesoninquiry.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Transcript-of-Morning-Hearing-25-April-2012.txt |title= Transcript of Morning Hearing 25 April 2012 |publisher= The Leveson Inquiry |page= 33 |access-date= 26 April 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120803195652/http://www.levesoninquiry.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Transcript-of-Morning-Hearing-25-April-2012.txt |archive-date= 3 August 2012 |url-status=unfit }}<br />'''Robert Jay QC''': This is 4 March 1983. You apparently said this: "I give instruction to my editors all round the world, why shouldn't I in London?" Do you remember saying that?<br />'''Murdoch''': No, I don't.</ref> On 1 May 2012, the [[Culture, Media and Sport Committee]] issued a report stating that Murdoch was "not a fit person to exercise the stewardship of a major international company".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/may/02/phone-hacking-mps-clash-murdoch|title=Phone-hacking: MPs clash over when Murdoch criticisms were discussed|access-date=1 May 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=1 May 2012|location=London|first1=Patrick|last1=Wintour|first2=Dan|last2=Sabbagh|first3=Josh|last3=Halliday|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105230202/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/may/02/phone-hacking-mps-clash-murdoch|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-17898029|title=Rupert Murdoch 'not a fit person' to lead News Corp – MPs|work=BBC News|date=1 May 2012|access-date=2 May 2012|archive-date=2 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502004423/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-17898029|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 3 July 2013, the [[Exaro]] website and ''[[Channel 4 News]]'' broke the story of a secret recording. This was recorded by ''The Sun'' journalists, and in it Murdoch can be heard telling them that the whole investigation was one big fuss over nothing, and that he, or his successors, would take care of any journalists who went to prison.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.exaronews.com/articles/5026/transcript-rupert-murdoch-recorded-at-meeting-with-sun-staff|title=Transcript: Rupert Murdoch recorded at meeting with Sun staff|work=Exaro|date=3 July 2013|access-date=3 July 2013|archive-date=3 July 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130703190429/http://www.exaronews.com/articles/5026/transcript-rupert-murdoch-recorded-at-meeting-with-sun-staff|url-status=live}}</ref> He said: "Why are the police behaving in this way? It's the biggest inquiry ever, over next to nothing."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/murdoch-rupert-police-news-of-the-world-journalists|title=Revealed: The Rupert Murdoch tape |work=Channel 4 News|date=3 July 2013|access-date=3 July 2013}}</ref>

== Activities in the United States ==
[[File:President Reagan meets with Rupert Murdoch and Roy Cohn at the White House 1983.jpg|right|thumb|Murdoch (seated center), [[Roy Cohn]], [[Reagan]], [[Oval Office]], 1983|alt=Murdoch and Roy Cohn meeting with Ronald Reagan in the Oval Office in 1983]]
Murdoch made his first acquisition in the United States in 1973, when he purchased the ''[[San Antonio Express-News]]''. In 1974, Murdoch moved to New York City, to expand into the US market; however, he retained interests in Australia and Britain. Soon afterwards, he founded ''[[Star Magazine|Star]]'', a [[supermarket tabloid]], and in 1976, he purchased the ''[[New York Post]]''.<ref name="Witzel" /> On 4 September 1985, Murdoch became a naturalized citizen to satisfy the legal requirement that only US citizens were permitted to own US television stations.<ref name="Witzel" />

In March 1984, [[Marvin Davis]] sold [[Marc Rich]]'s interest in [[20th Century Fox]] to Murdoch for $250 million due to Rich's trade deals with [[Iran]], which were sanctioned by the US at the time. Davis later backed out of a deal with Murdoch to purchase [[John Kluge]]'s Metromedia television stations.<ref name="Wolff2010" /> Rupert Murdoch bought the stations by himself, without Marvin Davis, and later bought out Davis's remaining stake in Fox for $325 million.<ref name="Wolff2010">{{cite book|first=Michael|last=Wolff|author-link=Michael Wolff (journalist)|title=The Man Who Owns the News: Inside the Secret World of Rupert Murdoch|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWleLGIrwBcC&pg=PT167|access-date=19 February 2012|date=5 May 2010|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1-4090-8679-6|pages=167–|archive-date=30 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530030036/http://books.google.com/books?id=ZWleLGIrwBcC&pg=PT167|url-status=live}}</ref> The six television stations owned by [[Metromedia]] formed the nucleus of the [[Fox Broadcasting Company]], founded on 9 October 1986, which later had great success with programs including ''[[The Simpsons]]'' and ''[[The X-Files]]''.<ref name="Witzel" />

In 1986, Murdoch bought [[Misty Mountain]], a [[Wallace Neff]] designed house on Angelo Drive in [[Beverly Hills]]. The house was the former residence of [[Jules C. Stein]]. Murdoch sold the house to his son [[James Murdoch|James]] in 2018.<ref name=Variety>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2015/dirt/real-estalker/rupert-murdoch-sells-bevhills-estate-to-son-james-1201448811/|title=Rupert Murdoch Sells BevHills Estate to Son James|date=20 March 2015|first=Mark|last=David|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=28 August 2019|archive-date=4 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904214959/https://variety.com/2015/dirt/real-estalker/rupert-murdoch-sells-bevhills-estate-to-son-james-1201448811/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1987, Murdoch created his global television special, the World Music Video Awards, a special music ceremony award where winners were chosen by viewers in eight countries.<ref name="UPI">{{cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/01/10/All-star-lineup-set-for-World-Music-Video-Awards/5048537253200/|title=All-star lineup set for World Music Video Awards|publisher=[[UPI]]|date=10 January 1987|access-date=8 March 2023}}</ref> In Australia, during 1987, he bought [[The Herald and Weekly Times Ltd]]., the company that his father had once managed.
Rupert Murdoch's [[20th Century Fox]] bought out the remaining assets of [[Four Star Television]] from [[Ronald Perelman]]'s [[Compact Video]] in 1996.<ref name="Ron Perelman's Sale of Four Star">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-07-18-fi-25297-story.html|title=Perelman's Not Out of the Game Just Yet|newspaper=[[L.A. Times]]|date=18 July 1996|access-date=15 November 2017|archive-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923075050/http://articles.latimes.com/1996-07-18/business/fi-25297_1_perelman|url-status=live}}</ref> Most of [[Four Star Television]]'s library of programs are controlled by [[20th Century Fox Television]] today.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://time.com/photography/life/|title=LIFE – TIME|access-date=4 March 2018|via=time.com|archive-date=27 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227063556/http://time.com/photography/life/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2002_Oct_7/ai_92526318/ | work=Business Wire | title=OBIT/Hollywood Producer and Novelist David B. Charnay Dies at Age 90 | date=7 October 2002 | access-date=15 November 2017 | archive-date=13 February 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060213000111/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2002_Oct_7/ai_92526318 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-oct-06-me-charnay6-story.html | work=The Los Angeles Times | title=David Charnay, 90; Journalist, Publicist and TV Syndicator | first=Dennis | last=McLellan | date=6 October 2002 | access-date=20 February 2020 | archive-date=9 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809073454/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/oct/06/local/me-charnay6 | url-status=live }}</ref> After Murdoch's numerous buyouts during the [[Leveraged buyout#1980s|buyout era]] of the eighties, News Corporation had built up financial debts of $7 billion (much from Sky TV in the UK), despite the many assets that were held by NewsCorp.<ref name="Witzel" /> The high levels of debt caused Murdoch to sell many of the American magazine interests he had acquired in the mid-1980s.

In 1993, Murdoch's [[Fox Network]] took exclusive coverage of the [[National Football Conference]] (NFC) of the [[National Football League]] (NFL) from [[CBS]] and increased programming to seven days a week.<ref>''Rupert Murdoch: News Corporation Magnate'' (2011) Sue Vander Hook. ABDO Publishing {{ISBN|1-61714-782-6}} pp78-9</ref> In 1995, Fox became the object of scrutiny from the [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC), when it was alleged that News Ltd.'s Australian base made Murdoch's ownership of Fox illegal. However, the FCC ruled in Murdoch's favour, stating that his ownership of Fox was in the best interests of the public. That same year, Murdoch announced a deal with [[MCI Communications]] to develop a major news website and magazine, ''[[The Weekly Standard]]''. Also that year, News Corporation launched the [[Foxtel]] pay television network in Australia in partnership with [[Telstra]]. In 1996, Murdoch decided to enter the cable news market with the [[Fox News Channel]], a [[24-hour news cycle|24-hour]] [[cable news]] station. Ratings studies released in 2009 showed that the network was responsible for nine of the top ten programs in the "Cable News" category at that time.<ref>[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/01/fox-news-claims-9-of-top_n_181878.html "Fox News Claims 9 Of Top 10 Cable News Programs In Q1" 1 April 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914093626/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/01/fox-news-claims-9-of-top_n_181878.html |date=14 September 2016 }} ''Huffington Post''</ref> Rupert Murdoch and [[Ted Turner]] (founder and former owner of CNN) are long-standing rivals.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2003/apr/25/newscorporation.pressandpublishing |title=Turner: Murdoch is a 'warmonger' |work=The Guardian |date=25 April 2003 |access-date=24 April 2012 |location=London |archive-date=27 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827012644/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2003/apr/25/newscorporation.pressandpublishing |url-status=live }}</ref> In late 2003, Murdoch acquired a 34% stake in [[Hughes Electronics]], the operator of the largest American satellite TV system, [[DirecTV]], from [[General Motors]] for $6&nbsp;billion (USD).<ref name="Rupert Murdoch 2011 p88" /> His Fox movie studio had global hits with ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]'' and ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]''.<ref>''Rupert Murdoch: News Corporation Magnate'' (2011) Sue Vander Hook. ABDO Publishing {{ISBN|1-61714-782-6}} p93</ref>

In 2004, Murdoch announced that he was moving News Corporation headquarters from Adelaide, Australia to the United States. Choosing a US domicile was designed to ensure that American fund managers could purchase shares in the company, since many were deciding not to buy shares in non-US companies.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/06/business/media/murdoch-plans-to-move-news-corp-to-us.html |title=Murdoch Plans to Move News Corp. To U.S. |newspaper=The New York Times |date=6 April 2004 |access-date=26 September 2020 |archive-date=13 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613141945/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/06/business/media/murdoch-plans-to-move-news-corp-to-us.html |url-status=live |last1=Gilpin |first1=Kenneth N. }}</ref>

[[File:News Corp. logo.svg|thumb|right|News Corporation logo]]
On 20 July 2005, News Corporation bought [[Intermix Media]] Inc., which held [[Myspace]], [[Imagine Games Network]] and other social networking-themed websites, for US$580&nbsp;million, making Murdoch a major player in online media concerns.<ref>{{cite news|title=News Corp in $580m internet buy|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4695495.stm|work=BBC News|access-date=29 August 2010|date=19 July 2005|archive-date=1 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601150710/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4695495.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2011, it sold off Myspace for US$35 million.<ref>Fixmer, Andy, [http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-06-29/news-corp-calls-quits-on-myspace-with-specific-media-sale.html "News Corp. Calls Quits on Myspace With Specific Media Sale"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701104739/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-06-29/news-corp-calls-quits-on-myspace-with-specific-media-sale.html |date=1 July 2011 }}, ''Business Week'', 29 June 2011</ref> On 11 September 2005, News Corporation announced that it would buy [[IGN]] Entertainment for $650&nbsp;million (USD).<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/sep2005/id20050911_550700.htm | title = News Corp. Acquires IGN for $650&nbsp;Million | work = BusinessWeek | date = 11 September 2005 | access-date = 25 April 2010 | archive-date = 4 November 2005 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051104024942/http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/sep2005/id20050911_550700.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In May 2007, Murdoch made a $5&nbsp;billion offer to purchase [[Dow Jones & Company]]. At the time, the [[Bancroft family]], who had owned Dow Jones & Company for 105 years and controlled 64% of the shares at the time, declined the offer. Later, the Bancroft family confirmed a willingness to consider a sale. Besides Murdoch, the [[Associated Press]] reported that supermarket magnate [[Ron Burkle]] and Internet entrepreneur [[Brad Greenspan]] were among the other interested parties.<ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/money/economy/2007-07-10-542478622_x.htm "Burkle, Web Exec Might Team on Dow"] ''USA Today''</ref> In 2007, Murdoch acquired Dow Jones & Company,<ref>{{cite news |last= Litterick |first= David |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/main.jhtml?xml=/money/2007/08/01/bcndow101.xml |title= Report of acquisition |work= The Daily Telegraph |location= London |date= 1 August 2007 |access-date= 25 April 2010 |archive-date= 12 June 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080612060502/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fmoney%2F2007%2F08%2F01%2Fbcndow101.xml |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Day to Day |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=12421598 |title=Marketplace Report: Murdoch's Big Buy |newspaper = NPR.org|publisher=NPR |access-date=25 April 2010 |archive-date=10 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610211605/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=12421598 |url-status=live }}</ref> which gave him such publications as ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', ''[[Barron's Magazine]]'', the ''[[Far Eastern Economic Review]]'' (based in Hong Kong) and ''[[SmartMoney]]''.<ref>''Rupert Murdoch: News Corporation Magnate'' (2011) Sue Vander Hook. ABDO Publishing {{ISBN|1-61714-782-6}} p92</ref>

In June 2014, Murdoch's 21st Century Fox made a bid for [[Time Warner]] at $85 per share in stock and cash ($80 billion total) which Time Warner's board of directors turned down in July. Warner's [[CNN]] unit would have been sold to ease antitrust issues of the purchase.<ref>{{cite news|last1=SORKIN|first1=ANDREW ROSS|last2=DE LA MERCED|first2=MICHAEL J.|title=Rupert Murdoch Is Rebuffed in Offer for Time Warner|url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/07/16/rupert-murdoch-said-to-have-made-offer-for-time-warner/?_php=true&_type=blogs&smid=tw-dealbook&seid=auto&_r=0|access-date=16 July 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 July 2014|archive-date=26 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726123809/http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/07/16/rupert-murdoch-said-to-have-made-offer-for-time-warner/?_php=true&_type=blogs&smid=tw-dealbook&seid=auto&_r=0|url-status=live}}</ref> On 5 August 2014 the company announced it had withdrawn its offer for Time Warner, and said it would spend $6 billion buying back its own shares over the following 12 months.<ref name="FoxCNN">{{cite news|title=Murdoch withdraws bid to acquire Time Warner|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-time-warner-fox-idUSKBN0G529X20140805|access-date=7 August 2014|work=Reuters|archive-date=6 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806193541/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/05/us-time-warner-fox-idUSKBN0G529X20140805|url-status=live}}</ref>

Murdoch left his post as CEO of [[21st Century Fox]] in 2015 but continued to own the company until it [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|was purchased]] by [[Disney]] in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/afontevecchia/2015/06/11/rupert-murdoch-keeps-it-in-the-family-sons-james-and-lachlan-to-take-over-fox/#2715e4857a0bf1ca3b3a2d11|title=Rupert Murdoch To Step Down As Fox CEO As Sons James And Lachlan Consolidate Control|date=11 June 2015|work=Forbes|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102515/http://www.forbes.com/sites/afontevecchia/2015/06/11/rupert-murdoch-keeps-it-in-the-family-sons-james-and-lachlan-to-take-over-fox/#2715e4857a0bf1ca3b3a2d11|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Faber |first=David |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/06/11/rupert-murdoch-preparing-to-step-down-as-ceo-from-21st-century-fox.html?trknav=homestack%3Atopnews%3A2 |title=Rupert Murdoch preparing to step down as CEO from 21st Century Fox |website=CNBC |date=11 June 2015 |access-date=12 August 2016 |archive-date=20 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820160934/http://www.cnbc.com/2015/06/11/rupert-murdoch-preparing-to-step-down-as-ceo-from-21st-century-fox.html?trknav=homestack%3Atopnews%3A2 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/b393209e-0a2a-11e7-ac5a-903b21361b43|title=Fox's bid for Sky: what happens now? (subscription required)|website=Financial Times|date=16 March 2017|access-date=8 April 2017|archive-date=9 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409200521/https://www.ft.com/content/b393209e-0a2a-11e7-ac5a-903b21361b43|url-status=live|last1=Bond|first1=David}}</ref> A number of television broadcasting assets were spun off into the [[Fox Corporation]] before the acquisition and are still owned by Murdoch. This includes [[Fox News]], of which Murdoch was acting CEO from 2016 until 2019, following the resignation of [[Roger Ailes]] due to accusations of sexual harassment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.21cf.com/news/21st-century-fox/2016/roger-ailes-resigns-chairman-and-ceo-fox-news-channel|title=Roger Ailes Resigns as Chairman and CEO of Fox News Channel and Fox Business Network, and Chairman Fox Television Stations {{!}} 21st Century Fox {{!}} News|website=www.21cf.com|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721215810/https://www.21cf.com/news/21st-century-fox/2016/roger-ailes-resigns-chairman-and-ceo-fox-news-channel|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Forbes" />

Murdoch considered merging News Corp and Fox Corporation, but in January 2023 announced to the board that he had withdrawn the idea, stating the that he and his son Lachlan had "determined that a combination [was] not optimal for shareholders of News Corp and FOX" at that time. The Special Committee of the Board of Directors of News Corp that had been set up to investigate the matter was dissolved.<ref>{{cite web | title=Announcement by News Corp's Board of Directors on Potential Combination with Fox Corporation | website=News Corp | date=24 January 2023 | url=https://newscorp.com/2023/01/24/announcement-by-news-corps-board-of-directors-on-potential-combination-with-fox-corporation/ | access-date=19 September 2024}}</ref> In September 2023, Rupert Murdoch retired, and handed over the leadership of his businesses to his eldest son Lachlan.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lachlan Murdoch prend la suite de son père Rupert Murdoch, mais toujours sous le contrôle du magnat |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2023/09/22/comme-dans-la-serie-succession-lachlan-murdoch-prend-la-suite-du-magnat-rupert-murdoch-mais-toujours-sous-le-controle-de-son-pere_6190498_3234.html |website=le monde|date=22 September 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/21/business/media/rupert-murdoch-fox-retire.html|title=Rupert Murdoch to Retire From Fox and News Corporation Boards|work=[[New York Times]]|date=21 September 2023 |last1=Rutenberg |first1=Jim }}</ref>

=== Political activities in the United States ===
[[File:President John F. Kennedy Visits with Rupert Murdoch, Publisher of News Ltd. of Australia.jpg|thumb|right|Murdoch (right) with President [[John F. Kennedy]] and Zell Rabin in the [[Oval Office]] in 1961]]
[[File:President Ronald Reagan with Rupert Murdoch and Charles Wick.jpg|thumb|President [[Ronald Reagan]] during a meeting with Murdoch in the [[Oval Office]] in 1983]]
McKnight (2010) identifies four characteristics of his media operations: [[free market]] ideology; unified positions on matters of public policy; global editorial meetings; and opposition to [[media bias|liberal bias in other public media]].<ref name="autogenerated303">{{cite journal | first = David | last = McKnight | title = Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation: A media institution with a mission | journal = Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television | date = Sep 2010 | volume = 30 | issue = 3 | pages = 303–16 | doi = 10.1080/01439685.2010.505021| s2cid = 143050487 }}</ref>

In ''[[The New Yorker]]'', [[Ken Auletta]] writes that Murdoch's support for [[Edward I. Koch]] while he was running for mayor of New York "spilled over onto the news pages of [[New York Post|the Post]], with the paper regularly publishing glowing stories about Koch and sometimes savage accounts of his four primary opponents."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Auletta |first1=Ken |title=Promises, Promises |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/07/02/promises-promises-2 |access-date=26 April 2019 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=25 June 2007 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111024350/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/07/02/promises-promises-2 |archive-date=11 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[Ronald Reagan]]'s campaign team credited Murdoch and the Post for his victory in New York in the [[1980 United States presidential election]].<ref name=Reagan /> Reagan later "waived a prohibition against owning a television station and a newspaper in the same market," allowing Murdoch to continue to control ''The New York Post'' and ''[[The Boston Herald]]'' while expanding into television.

On 8 May 2006, the ''[[Financial Times]]'' reported that Murdoch would be hosting a fund-raiser for Senator [[Hillary Clinton]]'s ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]-New York) [[2006 United States Senate election in New York|Senate re-election]] campaign.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/61faabde-deb8-11da-acee-0000779e2340.html |location=US & Canada |title=Murdoch to host fundraiser for Hillary Clinton |work=Financial Times |date=8 May 2006 |access-date=25 April 2010 |archive-date=7 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007010810/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/61faabde-deb8-11da-acee-0000779e2340.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In a 2008 interview with [[Walt Mossberg]], Murdoch was asked whether he had "anything to do with the ''[[New York Post]]''{{'}}s endorsement of [[Barack Obama]] in the democratic primaries". Without hesitating, Murdoch replied, "Yeah. He is a rock star. It's fantastic. I love what he is saying about education. I don't think he will win Florida [...] but he will win in [[Ohio]] and the [[2008 US presidential election|election]]. I am anxious to meet him. I want to see if he will walk the walk."<ref>{{cite web | first = Andrew | last = Sullivan | work = The Atlantic | url = http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2008/05/murdoch-on-mcca.html | title = The Daily Dish | date = 29 May 2008 | access-date = 25 April 2010 | archive-date = 8 March 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100308045002/http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2008/05/murdoch-on-mcca.html | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.huffingtonpost.com/hilary-rosen/rupert-murdoch-says-obama_b_104018.html | first = Hilary | last = Rosen | title = Rupert Murdoch Says Obama Will Win | work = Huffington Post | location = US | access-date = 25 April 2010 | date = 5 June 2008 | archive-date = 23 May 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100523075224/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hilary-rosen/rupert-murdoch-says-obama_b_104018.html | url-status = live }}</ref>

In 2010, News Corporation gave US$1 million to the [[Republican Governors Association]] and $1 million to the [[US Chamber of Commerce]].<ref>{{cite news | url = http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/10/01/news-corp-donates-1-million-to-anti-democrat-group | title = News Corp. Donates $1&nbsp;million to U.S. Chamber of Commerce | work = The New York Times | date = 1 October 2010 | access-date = 10 October 2010 | first = Jim | last = Rutenberg | archive-date = 7 October 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007042937/http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/10/01/news-corp-donates-1-million-to-anti-democrat-group/ | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cleveland.com/nation/index.ssf/2010/10/rupert_murdochs_news_corp_dona.html | title = Rupert Murdoch's News Corp. donates $1M to U.S. Chamber of Commerce | work = [[The Plain Dealer]] | date = 2 October 2010 | access-date = 10 October 2010 | archive-date = 12 November 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101112204128/http://www.cleveland.com/nation/index.ssf/2010/10/rupert_murdochs_news_corp_dona.html | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_upshot/20101007/el_yblog_upshot/murdoch-says-kasich-friendship-influenced-1-mil-donation |title=Murdoch says Kasich friendship influenced $1&nbsp;million donation |work=Yahoo! News |date=7 October 2010 |access-date=11 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109191522/http://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_upshot/20101007/el_yblog_upshot/murdoch-says-kasich-friendship-influenced-1-mil-donation |archive-date=9 November 2010 }}</ref> Murdoch also served on the board of directors of the [[Libertarianism in the United States|libertarian]] [[Cato Institute]].<ref>{{Cite book | url = http://www.cato.org/pubs/policy_report/cpr-19n6-10.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100903063356/http://www.cato.org/pubs/policy_report/cpr-19n6-10.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 3 September 2010 | contribution = Murdoch Joins Board of Directors | publisher = Cato | title = Policy report | df = dmy-all | access-date = 6 November 2010 }}</ref> Murdoch is also a supporter of the Stop Online Piracy Act and Protect Intellectual Property Act.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kuperinsky |first=Amy |url=http://www.nj.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2012/01/etta_james_sopa_obama_twitter.html |title=Trending: SOPA, PIPA, Obama, Etta and stuff girls say-a |website=NJ.com |date=20 January 2012 |access-date=27 June 2013 |archive-date=25 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825074057/http://www.nj.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2012/01/etta_james_sopa_obama_twitter.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Murdoch was reported in 2011 as advocating more [[open immigration]] policies in [[western nations]] generally.<ref>{{cite news |last=Adegoke |first=Yinka |url=http://blogs.reuters.com/mediafile/2011/11/17/murdoch-backs-progressive-u-s-immigration-policy/ |title=Murdoch backs progressive U.S. immigration policy |publisher=Blogs.reuters.com |date=17 November 2011 |access-date=24 April 2012 |archive-date=19 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619065502/http://blogs.reuters.com/mediafile/2011/11/17/murdoch-backs-progressive-u-s-immigration-policy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the United States, Murdoch and chief executives from several major corporations, including [[Hewlett-Packard]], [[Boeing]] and [[Disney]] joined New York City Mayor [[Michael Bloomberg]] to form the [[Partnership for a New American Economy]] to advocate "for immigration reform – including a path to legal status for all illegal aliens now in the United States".<ref name="huffingtonpost1">{{cite news | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/30/murdoch-bloomberg-testify_n_745499.html | work=Huffington Post | title=Rupert Murdoch, Michael Bloomberg Push For Immigration Reform | date=30 September 2010 | access-date=20 February 2020 | archive-date=5 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305041255/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/30/murdoch-bloomberg-testify_n_745499.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The coalition, reflecting Murdoch and Bloomberg's own views, also advocates significant increases in legal [[immigration to the United States]] as a means of boosting America's sluggish economy and lowering unemployment. The Partnership's immigration policy prescriptions are notably similar to those of the Cato Institute and the US Chamber of Commerce — both of which Murdoch has supported in the past.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/new-study-seconds-cato-finding-immigration-reform-good-for-economy/ |title=New Study Seconds Cato Finding: Immigration Reform Good for Economy |publisher=Cato-at-liberty.org |date=7 January 2010 |access-date=24 April 2012 |archive-date=4 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804110113/http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/new-study-seconds-cato-finding-immigration-reform-good-for-economy/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

''The Wall Street Journal'' editorial page has similarly advocated for increased legal immigration, in contrast to the staunch anti-immigration stance of Murdoch's British newspaper, ''[[The Sun (United Kingdom)|The Sun]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2016/sep/05/newspapers-publish-anti-immigration-stories-but-what-is-to-be-done|title=Newspapers publish anti-immigration stories - but what is to be done?|first=Roy|last=Greenslade|newspaper=The Guardian |date=5 September 2016|via=www.theguardian.com|access-date=31 December 2019|archive-date=10 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210193700/https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2016/sep/05/newspapers-publish-anti-immigration-stories-but-what-is-to-be-done|url-status=live}}</ref> On 5 September 2010, Murdoch testified before the House Subcommittee on Immigration, Citizenship, Refugees, Border Security, and International Law Membership on the "Role of Immigration in Strengthening America's Economy". In his testimony, Murdoch called for ending mass deportations and endorsed a "comprehensive [[Immigration reform in the United States|immigration reform]]" plan that would include a pathway to citizenship for all illegal immigrants.<ref name="huffingtonpost1" />

In the [[2012 US presidential election]], Murdoch was critical of the competence of [[Mitt Romney]]'s team but was nonetheless strongly supportive of a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] victory, tweeting: "Of course I want him [Romney] to win, save us from socialism, etc."<ref name="la-tweet">{{cite news |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |first=Morgan |last=Little |url=https://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-pn-rupert-murdoch-wants-romney-to-win-despite-criticisms-20120702,0,772977.story |title=Rupert Murdoch wants Romney to win despite criticisms |date=2 July 2012 |access-date=2 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702181323/http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-pn-rupert-murdoch-wants-romney-to-win-despite-criticisms-20120702%2C0%2C772977.story |archive-date=2 July 2012 }}</ref>

In October 2015, Murdoch stirred controversy when he praised [[Republican Party presidential candidates, 2016|Republican presidential candidate]] [[Ben Carson]] and referenced President [[Barack Obama]], tweeting, "[[Ben Carson|Ben]] and [[Candy Carson]] terrific. What about a real black President who can properly address the racial divide? And much else."<ref>{{cite web|title = U.S. Could Use a 'Real Black President,' Murdoch Says|url = http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/rupert-murdoch-ben-carson-would-be-real-black-president-n440701|website = NBC News| date=8 October 2015 |access-date = 8 October 2015|archive-date = 8 October 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151008220041/http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/rupert-murdoch-ben-carson-would-be-real-black-president-n440701|url-status = live}}</ref> After which he apologised, tweeting, "Apologies! No offence meant. Personally find both men charming."<ref>{{cite news|title = Rupert Murdoch sorry for 'real black president' tweet – BBC News|work = BBC News|date = 8 October 2015|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-34472397|access-date = 8 October 2015|archive-date = 10 October 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151010212940/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-34472397|url-status = live}}</ref>

During [[Donald Trump's]] term as US President Murdoch showed support for him through the news stories broadcast in his media empire, including on Fox News.<ref>{{cite news|title = Murdoch and Trump, An Alliance of Mutual Interest -National Public Radio|url = https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/14/520080606/murdoch-and-trump-an-alliance-of-mutual-interest|website = NPR|date = 14 March 2017|access-date = 3 July 2017|archive-date = 3 July 2017|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170703025636/http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/14/520080606/murdoch-and-trump-an-alliance-of-mutual-interest|url-status = live|last1 = Folkenflik|first1 = David}}</ref> In early 2018, [[Mohammad bin Salman]], the crown prince of [[Saudi Arabia]], had an intimate dinner at Murdoch's Bel Air estate in Los Angeles.<ref>"[https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/1-billion-and-one-arabian-nights-prince-mohammed-dines-with-murdoch-20180404-p4z7mp.html Prince Mohammed books out hotel to dine with Murdoch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523172943/https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/1-billion-and-one-arabian-nights-prince-mohammed-dines-with-murdoch-20180404-p4z7mp.html |date=23 May 2018 }}". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. 4 April 2018.</ref>

Murdoch is a strong supporter of Israel and its domestic policies.<ref>[http://blogs.spectator.co.uk/coffeehouse/2007/12/the-murdochs-and-the-middle-east/ 11 December 2007 "The Murdochs and the Middle East"] ''The Spectator''. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614141352/http://blogs.spectator.co.uk/coffeehouse/2007/12/the-murdochs-and-the-middle-east/ |date=14 June 2015 }}</ref> In October 2010, the [[Anti-Defamation League]] in New York City presented Murdoch with its International Leadership Award "for his stalwart support of Israel and his commitment to promoting respect and speaking out against [[antisemitism]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.adl.org/news/press-releases/media-magnate-rupert-murdoch-accepting-adl-award-calls-for-an-end-of-efforts-to|title=Media Magnate Rupert Murdoch, Accepting ADL Award, Calls For An End Of Efforts To Isolate Israel|work=Anti-Defamation League|date=|access-date=13 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Mozgovaya|first=Natasha|url=https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/1.5125539|title=Accepting ADL Award, Murdoch Decries 'Ongoing War Against Jews'|work=Haaretz|date=14 October 2010|access-date=13 April 2021}}</ref> However, in April 2021, in a letter to Lachlan Murdoch, ADL director [[Jonathan Greenblatt]] wrote that it would no longer make such an award to his father. This was in the immediate context of accusations made by the ADL against Fox News presenter [[Tucker Carlson]] and his apparent espousal of the [[White genocide conspiracy theory#Fox News era|White replacement theory]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Darcy|first=Oliver|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/04/12/media/murdoch-response-adl-tucker-carlson/index.html|title=Fox has no problem with Tucker Carlson's 'replacement theory' remarks, says Lachlan Murdoch|work=CNN Business|date=12 April 2021|access-date=13 April 2021}}</ref>

In 2023, during a [[Dominion Voting Systems v. Fox News Network|defamation lawsuit]] by [[Dominion Voting Systems]] against Fox News, Murdoch acknowledged that some [[Fox News#2020 election fraud allegations and lawsuits by Dominion and Smartmatic|Fox News commentators]] were endorsing [[Big lie#Donald Trump's false claims of a stolen election|election fraud claims]] they knew were false.<ref name="Matza_2/27/2023">{{cite web | last=Matza | first=Max | title=Rupert Murdoch says Fox News hosts endorsed false election fraud claims | website=[[BBC News]] | date=28 February 2023 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-64794606 | access-date=28 February 2023}}</ref><ref name="Peters_Robertson_2/27/2023">{{cite web | last1=Peters | first1=Jeremy W | last2=Robertson | first2=Katie | title=Murdoch Acknowledges Fox News Hosts Endorsed Election Fraud Falsehoods | website=[[The New York Times]] | date=27 February 2023 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/27/business/media/fox-news-dominion-rupert-murdoch.html | access-date=28 February 2023}}</ref> On 18 April 2023, Fox and Dominion settled for $787.5 million.

== Activities in Europe ==
Murdoch owns a controlling interest in [[Sky Italia]], a satellite television provider in Italy.<ref name="BW">{{cite web |last=Matlack |first=Carol |url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/10_07/b4166030281413.htm |title=Berlusconi vs. Murdoch: Porn as a Pawn |work=BusinessWeek |date=4 February 2010 |access-date=24 April 2012 |archive-date=15 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415235746/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/10_07/b4166030281413.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Murdoch's business interests in Italy have been a source of contention since they began.<ref name="BW" /> In 2009 Murdoch won a media dispute with then Italian prime minister [[Silvio Berlusconi]]. A judge ruled the then prime minister's media arm [[Mediaset]] prevented News Corporation's Italian unit, Sky Italia, from buying advertisements on its television networks.<ref>{{Cite journal | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8327072.stm |website = BBC News | date = 26 October 2009 | title = Murdoch wins Berlusconi ad spat }}</ref>

== Activities in Asia ==
In November 1986, [[News Corporation]] purchased a 35% stake in the ''[[South China Morning Post]]'' group for about {{US$|105 million}}. At that time, SCMP group was a stock-listed company, and was owned by [[HSBC]], [[Hutchison Whampoa]] and [[Dow Jones & Company]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Murdoch Move In Hong Kong |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/08/business/company-news-murdoch-move-in-hong-kong.html |access-date=15 June 2019 |agency=[[Reuters]] |date=8 November 1986 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |archive-date=17 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417054648/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/08/business/company-news-murdoch-move-in-hong-kong.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 1986, Dow Jones & Company offered News Corporation to sell about 19% of share it owned of SCMP for {{US$|57.2 million}},<ref>{{cite news |title=DOW JONES SELLS STAKE TO MURDOCH |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/18/business/company-news-dow-jones-sells-stake-to-murdoch.html |access-date=15 June 2019 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=18 December 1986 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407213351/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/18/business/company-news-dow-jones-sells-stake-to-murdoch.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and, by 1987, News Corporation completed the full takeover.<ref>{{cite news |title=News Corp. Profits Rise |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/20/business/news-corp-profits-rise.html |access-date=15 June 2019 |agency=[[Reuters]] |date=20 November 1987 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |archive-date=17 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417031120/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/20/business/news-corp-profits-rise.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In September 1993, News Corporation have agreed to sell a 34.9% share in SCMP to [[Robert Kuok]]'s Kerry Media for {{US$|349 million}}.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Kevin |title=Kuok to Pay $350 Million For Stake in Morning Post |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/13/business/worldbusiness/IHT-kuok-to-pay-350-million-for-stake-in-morning-post.html |access-date=15 June 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=13 September 1993 |archive-date=17 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417040259/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/13/business/worldbusiness/IHT-kuok-to-pay-350-million-for-stake-in-morning-post.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1994, News Corporation sold the remaining 15.1% share in SCMP to [[MUI Group]], disposing the Hong Kong newspaper.<ref>{{cite web |title=Milestones |url=https://corp.scmp.com/milestone/ |publisher=South China Morning Post Publishers Ltd. |access-date=15 June 2019 |archive-date=29 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529105549/https://corp.scmp.com/milestone/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=June 2019}}

In June 1993, News Corporation attempted to acquire a 22% share in [[TVB]], a terrestrial television broadcaster in Hong Kong, for about $237{{nbsp}}million,<ref>{{cite news |title=NEWS CORPORATION BUYS STAKE IN HONG KONG TV COMPANY |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/17/business/company-news-news-corporation-buys-stake-in-hong-kong-tv-company.html |access-date=15 June 2019 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=17 June 1993 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |archive-date=22 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422182437/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/17/business/company-news-news-corporation-buys-stake-in-hong-kong-tv-company.html |url-status=live }}</ref> but Murdoch's company gave up, as the Hong Kong government would not relax the regulation regarding foreign ownership of broadcasting companies.<ref name="NYT-93AUG23-StarTV"/>

In 1993, News Corporation acquired [[Fox Networks Group Asia Pacific|Star TV]] (renamed as Star in 2001), a Hong Kong company headed by [[Richard Li]],<ref name="NYT-93AUG23-StarTV">{{cite web | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/23/business/the-media-business-star-tv-extends-murdoch-s-reach.html | title = Star TV Extends Murdoch's Reach | work = The New York Times | date = 23 August 1993 | first = Philip | last = Shenon | access-date = 18 February 2017 | archive-date = 9 July 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170709113857/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/23/business/the-media-business-star-tv-extends-murdoch-s-reach.html | url-status = live }}</ref> from Hutchison Whampoa for $1&nbsp;billion (Souchou, 2000:28), and subsequently set up offices for it throughout Asia. The deal enabled News International to broadcast from Hong Kong to India, China, Japan, and over thirty other countries in Asia, becoming one of the biggest satellite television networks in the east;<ref name="Witzel"/> however, the deal did not work out as Murdoch had planned because the Chinese government placed restrictions on it that prevented it from reaching most of China.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

In 2009, News Corporation reorganised Star; a few of these arrangements were that the original company's operations in East Asia, Southeast Asia and the Middle East were integrated into [[Fox International Channels]], and [[Star India]] was spun-off (but still within News Corporation).<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20090827015316/http://www.newscorp.com/news/news_423.html News Corporation Restructures Broadcast Businesses in Asia]" (press release) [[News Corporation]] 18 August 2009 Archived from the [http://www.newscorp.com/news/news_423.html original] on 27 August 2009</ref><ref>Watkins, Mary; Li, Kenneth "[https://www.ft.com/content/646058d4-8bd4-11de-b14f-00144feabdc0 News Corp announces Star TV shake-up] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405215416/https://www.ft.com/content/646058d4-8bd4-11de-b14f-00144feabdc0 |date=5 April 2019 }}" ''[[Financial Times]]'' 19 August 2009</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chu |first1=Karen |title=News Corp. confirms STAR TV breakup |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/news-corp-confirms-star-tv-87782 |access-date=11 January 2019 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=18 August 2009 |archive-date=11 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111232439/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/news-corp-confirms-star-tv-87782 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Succession court case (2024)==
{{main|Succession of Rupert Murdoch}}
{{as of|2024|12}}, the whole Murdoch family is involved in a court case in [[Reno]], [[Nevada]], in which James, his sister [[Elisabeth Murdoch (businesswoman)|Elisabeth]] and half-sister [[Prudence Murdoch|Prudence]] are challenging their father's bid to amend the [[Murdoch Family Trust|family trust]] to ensure that his eldest son, [[Lachlan Murdoch|Lachlan]], retains control of News Corp and Fox Corp, rather than benefiting all of his six children, as is specified in the "irrevocable" terms of the trust. According to ''[[The New York Times]]'', Murdoch Senior wants his companies to remain politically conservative, and sees his other children as too politically liberal.<ref name=clarke2024>{{cite web | last1=Clarke | first1=Carrington | last2=Ryan | first2=Brad | title=Rupert Murdoch's family feud over future of News Corp and Fox plays out in Nevada court | website=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] | date=17 September 2024 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-09-17/rupert-lachlan-james-murdoch-news-corp-fox-court-nevada/104358816 | access-date=17 September 2024}}</ref><ref name=rutenbert2024/> 

The irrevocable family trust was set up after Rupert and Anna Murdoch's divorce in 1999, to hold the family's 28.5% stake in News Corp. It relates only  to the children born before then, giving them equal say in the fate of the business after Rupert's death.<ref name=erskine2024/>  Chloe and Grace Murdoch, Rupert's children with third wife [[Wendi Deng Murdoch|Wendi Deng]], will have no say in the business,<ref name=hassall2024>{{cite web | last=Hassall | first=Greg | title=Lachlan Murdoch controls his family's media empire, but for how long and at what cost? | website=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] | date=8 September 2024 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-09-08/bitter-battle-brewing-over-the-murdoch-family-succession/104036852 | access-date=19 September 2024}}</ref> although will share the stock proceeds.<ref name=erskine2024>{{cite web | last=Erskine | first=Matthew F. | title=Succession: The Brewing Controversy Over The Murdoch Family Trust | website=Forbes | date=8 August 2024 | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewerskine/2024/08/08/succession-the-brewing-controversy-of-the-murdock-family-trust/ | access-date=19 September 2024}}</ref> The case follows Rupert's attempt to change the trust in 2023, and the Nevada [[probate|probate commissioner]]'s finding that he was allowed to amend the trust "if he is able to show he is acting in good faith and for the sole benefit of his heirs".<ref name=rutenbert2024>{{cite web | last1=Rutenberg | first1=Jim | last2=Mahler | first2=Jonathan | title=The Murdoch Family Is Battling Over the Future of the Fox Empire | website=[[The New York Times]] | date=24 July 2024 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/24/business/media/rupert-murdoch-succession-fox.html | access-date=19 September 2024}}</ref> Rupert Murdoch is arguing interference by the other siblings would cause a financial loss to Fox, and therefore "in their own best interests if they have their votes taken away from them".<ref name=whittaker2024>{{cite web | last=Whittaker | first=Mark | title=Lachlan Murdoch: Holding the keys to the empire and, maybe, the future of democracy | website=Forbes Australia | date=8 September 2024 | url=https://www.forbes.com.au/news/billionaires/lachlan-murdoch-holding-the-keys-to-the-empire-and-democracy/ | access-date=18 September 2024}}</ref> He argues that preserving the outlet's conservative editorial stance against interference by the more politically moderate siblings would better protect its commercial value.<ref name=erskine2024/>

The case has led to the three children becoming estranged from their father, with none of them attending his wedding to his fifth wife, Elena Zhukova, in June 2024.<ref name=rutenbert2024/>

== Personal life ==

=== Residence ===
In 2003, Murdoch bought "Rosehearty", an 11 bedroom home on a 5-acre waterfront estate in [[Centre Island, New York]].<ref>[http://www.newsday.com/classifieds/real-estate/rupert-murdoch-lowers-price-of-centre-island-home-1.1948430 "Rupert Murdoch lowers price of Centre Island home"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306130449/http://www.newsday.com/classifieds/real-estate/rupert-murdoch-lowers-price-of-centre-island-home-1.1948430 |date=6 March 2016 }} ''Newsday''. Retrieved 5 September 2014.</ref> In May 2013, he purchased the [[Moraga Estate]], an estate, vineyard and winery in [[Bel Air, Los Angeles]], California.<ref name="megjames">Meg James, [https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-et-ct-rupert-murdoch-buys-bel-airs-moraga-vineyard-20130510,0,114629.story Rupert Murdoch buys Moraga Vineyards estate in Bel Air] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025140407/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-et-ct-rupert-murdoch-buys-bel-airs-moraga-vineyard-20130510,0,114629.story |date=25 October 2013 }}, ''[[The Los Angeles Times]]'', 10 May 2013</ref><ref>Will Colvin, [http://au.businessinsider.com/rupert-murdoch-has-just-bought-a-vineyard-2013-5 Rupert Murdoch Has Just Bought A Vineyard] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618062833/http://au.businessinsider.com/rupert-murdoch-has-just-bought-a-vineyard-2013-5 |date=18 June 2013 }}, ''[[Business Insider]] Australia'', 11 May 2013</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/may/26/chateau-rupert-murdoch-fox-media-mogul-bel-air-winery-climate-change-moraga-estate|title=Chateau Murdoch: Fox media mogul finds solace at his Bel-Air winery|last=Carroll|first=Rory|date=26 May 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=1 June 2017|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=31 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531084521/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/may/26/chateau-rupert-murdoch-fox-media-mogul-bel-air-winery-climate-change-moraga-estate|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, Murdoch and his new wife Jerry Hall purchased [[Holmwood, Binfield Heath|Holmwood]], an 18th-century house and estate in the English village of [[Binfield Heath]], some {{convert|4|mi}} north-east of [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.henleystandard.co.uk/news/binfield-heath/147311/magnificent-home-fit-for-model-and-media-mogul.html |title=Magnificent home fit for model and media mogul |work=[[Henley Standard]] |date=9 December 2019 |access-date=18 March 2021 |archive-date=18 March 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318145512/https://www.henleystandard.co.uk/news/binfield-heath/147311/magnificent-home-fit-for-model-and-media-mogul.html}}</ref>

In late 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], it was reported that Murdoch and Hall had been isolating in their Binfield Heath home for much of the year. He received his first [[COVID-19 vaccine]] in nearby [[Henley-on-Thames]] on 16 December.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/dec/18/rupert-murdoch-receives-dose-of-covid-vaccine-in-uk |title=Rupert Murdoch receives dose of Covid vaccine in UK |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=18 December 2020 |first=Archie |last=Bland |access-date=18 March 2021 |archive-date=18 March 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318145755/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/dec/18/rupert-murdoch-receives-dose-of-covid-vaccine-in-uk}}</ref>

=== Marriages ===
[[File:Rupert Murdoch Wendi Murdoch 2011 Shankbone.JPG|thumb|Murdoch with his third wife, [[Wendi Deng Murdoch|Wendi]], in 2011]]
In 1956, Murdoch married Patricia Booker, a former shop assistant and flight attendant from Melbourne; the couple had their only child, [[Prudence Murdoch|Prudence]], in 1958.<ref name="Examiner">{{cite web | url = https://www.irishexaminer.com/business/arid-20160545.html | title = How safe is the Murdoch empire? | date = 9 July 2011 | work = The Irish Examiner | access-date = 19 July 2011 | archive-date = 27 August 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130827040338/http://www.examiner.ie/business/business-features/how-safe-is-the-murdoch-empire-160545.html | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="Wherenow" /> They divorced in 1967.<ref name="GuardianWives">{{cite news |date=23 June 2022 |first=Nadeem |last=Badshah |title=The merry wives of Rupert Murdoch: who has the tycoon been wed to before? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2022/jun/22/the-merry-wives-of-rupert-murdoch-marriage-to-jerry-hall-is-reportedly-over |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>

In 1967, Murdoch married [[Anna Murdoch Mann|Anna Torv]],<ref name="Examiner" /> a Scottish-born cadet journalist working for his Sydney newspaper ''[[The Daily Mirror (Sydney)|The Daily Mirror]]''.<ref name="GuardianWives" /> In January 1998, three months before the announcement of his separation from Anna, a Roman Catholic, Murdoch was made a [[Order of St. Gregory the Great|Knight Commander of the Order of Saint Gregory the Great]] (KSG), a papal honour awarded by [[Pope John Paul II]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-03-me-4508-story.html|title=Pope Honors Rupert Murdoch, Roy Disney, Bob Hope|work=Los Angeles Times|date=3 January 1998 |access-date=4 March 2016|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303204213/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/jan/03/local/me-4508|url-status=live}}</ref> While Murdoch would often attend Mass with Torv, he never converted to Catholicism.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Coleridge |first1=Nicholas |title=Paper tigers: the latest, greatest newspaper tycoons and how they won the world |date=1993 |publisher=Heinemann |location=London |isbn=978-0434140596 |page=487 |quote=Asked if there is any truth to recent press describing his newfound piety, Murdoch replies: 'No. They say I'm a born again Christian and a Catholic convert and so on. I'm certainly a practising Christian, I go to church quite a bit but not every Sunday and I tend to go to Catholic church—because my wife is Catholic, I have not formally converted. And I get increasingly disenchanted with the C of E or Episcopalians as they call themselves here. But no, I'm not intensely religious as I'm sometimes described.' Interviewed in 1992}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/features/2012/07/18/the-dirty-diggers-religious-odyssey/ |title=The Dirty Digger's religious odyssey |work=[[Catholic Herald]] |date=18 July 2012 |access-date=21 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106023830/http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/features/2012/07/18/the-dirty-diggers-religious-odyssey/ |archive-date=6 November 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Torv and Murdoch had three children: [[Elisabeth Murdoch (businesswoman)|Elisabeth Murdoch]] (born in Sydney, Australia on 22 August 1968), [[Lachlan Murdoch]] (born in London, UK on 8 September 1971), and [[James Murdoch]], (born in London on 13 December 1972).<ref name="Examiner" /><ref name="Wherenow" /> Murdoch's companies published two novels by his wife: ''Family Business'' (1988) and ''Coming to Terms'' (1991). They divorced in June 1999. Anna Murdoch received a settlement of US$1.2&nbsp;billion in assets.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://nymag.com/nymetro/news/media/features/14302/index6.html |title= The Boy Who Wouldn't Be King |work= New York Magazine |date= 19 September 2005 |access-date= 25 April 2010 |archive-date= 29 June 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090629142240/http://nymag.com/nymetro/news/media/features/14302/index6.html |url-status= live }}</ref>

On 25 June 1999, 17 days after divorcing his second wife, Murdoch, then aged 68, married Chinese-born [[Wendi Deng Murdoch|Wendi Deng]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-jul-30-fi-murdoch30-story.html | title = Murdoch's Heir Apparent Abruptly Resigns His Post | date = 30 July 2005 | work = Los Angeles Times | first = Sallie | last = Hofmeister | access-date = 20 February 2020 | archive-date = 28 December 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171228185223/http://articles.latimes.com/2005/jul/30/business/fi-murdoch30 | url-status = live }}</ref> She was 30, a recent [[Yale]] School of Management graduate, and a newly appointed vice-president of his [[Fox Networks Group Asia Pacific|STAR TV]]. Murdoch had two daughters with her: Grace (born 2001) and Chloe (born 2003). Murdoch has six children, and is grandfather to thirteen grandchildren.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grandparents.com/food-and-leisure/celebrity/most-powerful-grandparents|title=The Most Powerful Grandparents in the U.S.|work=grandparents.com|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307024413/http://www.grandparents.com/food-and-leisure/celebrity/most-powerful-grandparents|archive-date=7 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Near the end of his marriage to Wendi, hearsay concerning a link with Chinese intelligence (which was later proven to be unfounded) became problematic to their relationship.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=An Aussie MP says the Chinese government are... |url=https://time.com/3142282/china-chinese-government-bastards-clive-palmer-australia/ |magazine=Time |language=en |access-date=16 March 2019 |archive-date=31 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331060515/http://time.com/3142282/china-chinese-government-bastards-clive-palmer-australia/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Cook |first1=John |title='It Was Like a War Zone': A Former Nanny for Rupert Murdoch and Wendi Deng Speaks Out |url=https://gawker.com/5926705/it-was-like-a-war-zone-a-former-nanny-for-rupert-murdoch-and-wendi-deng-speaks-out |work=Gawker |language=en |access-date=18 May 2019 |archive-date=12 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012140254/https://gawker.com/5926705/it-was-like-a-war-zone-a-former-nanny-for-rupert-murdoch-and-wendi-deng-speaks-out |url-status=live }}</ref> On 13 June 2013, a News Corporation spokesperson confirmed that Murdoch filed for divorce from Deng in New York City, US.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/22895642 |title=Rupert Murdoch files for divorce from Wendi Deng |work=BBC News |date=13 June 2013 |access-date=27 June 2013 |archive-date=21 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621004953/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/22895642 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Rupert Murdoch files for divorce from wife Wendi Deng|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/10119215/Rupert-Murdoch-files-for-divorce-from-wife-Wendi-Deng.html|access-date=14 June 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=13 June 2013|first=Jon|last=Swaine|archive-date=14 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130614120059/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/10119215/Rupert-Murdoch-files-for-divorce-from-wife-Wendi-Deng.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the spokesman, the marriage had been irretrievably broken for more than six months.<ref>{{cite news|title=News Corp's Rupert Murdoch files for divorce from wife Wendi|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-newscorp-murdoch-idUSBRE95C0X220130614|access-date=14 June 2013|newspaper=Reuters|date=13 June 2013|first=Liana B.|last=Baker|archive-date=14 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130614073726/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/06/14/us-newscorp-murdoch-idUSBRE95C0X220130614|url-status=live}}</ref> Murdoch also ended his long-standing friendship with [[Tony Blair]] after suspecting him of having an affair with Deng while they were still married.<ref>[https://www.economist.com/news/christmas-specials/21636603-celebrated-abroad-and-reviled-home-former-prime-minister-struggles-fulfil Life after power: The loneliness of Tony Blair] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808114359/https://www.economist.com/news/christmas-specials/21636603-celebrated-abroad-and-reviled-home-former-prime-minister-struggles-fulfil |date=8 August 2017 }}, economist.com.</ref>

[[File:Jerry Hall headshot.jpg|thumb|Jerry Hall, Murdoch's fourth wife, whom he married in March 2016, photographed in 2009]]
On 11 January 2016, Murdoch announced his engagement to former model [[Jerry Hall]] in a notice in ''[[The Times]]'' newspaper.<ref name=hallengagement>{{cite news|title=Rupert Murdoch and Jerry Hall announce engagement|url=https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/celebrity/rupert-murdoch-and-jerry-hall-announce-engagement-20160112-gm40nm.html|access-date=12 January 2016|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=12 January 2016|archive-date=13 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113170605/http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/celebrity/rupert-murdoch-and-jerry-hall-announce-engagement-20160112-gm40nm.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 4 March 2016, Murdoch, a week short of his 85th birthday, and 59-year-old Hall were married in London, at [[St Bride's, Fleet Street]] with a reception at [[Spencer House, London|Spencer House]]; this was Murdoch's fourth marriage.<ref name="AFP">{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/rupert-murdoch-marries-jerry-hall-london-135358442.html|title=Rupert Murdoch marries Jerry Hall in London|date=4 March 2016|publisher=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]|access-date=4 March 2016|location=London|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305122155/http://news.yahoo.com/rupert-murdoch-marries-jerry-hall-london-135358442.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2022, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that Murdoch and Hall were set to divorce, citing two anonymous sources.<ref>{{cite news |date=23 June 2022 |first=Martin |last=Pengelly |title=Rupert Murdoch and Jerry Hall set to divorce – report |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2022/jun/22/rupert-murdoch-jerry-hall-divorce-report |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 June 2022 |first1=Sarah |last1=Ellison |first2=Elahe |last2=Izadi |title=Rupert Murdoch and Jerry Hall to divorce after six years |language=en-US |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2022/06/22/jerry-hall-rupert-murdoch-divorce/ |access-date=23 June 2022 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Hall filed for divorce on 1 July 2022 citing irreconcilable differences;<ref>{{cite news|last=Bryant|first=Miranda|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/jul/02/jerry-hall-files-for-divorce-from-rupert-murdoch|title=Jerry Hall files for divorce from Rupert Murdoch in US court|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2 July 2022|access-date=2 July 2022}}</ref> the divorce was finalised in August 2022.<ref>{{cite news|last=Saad|first=Nardine|date=11 August 2022|title=Billionaire Rupert Murdoch, Jerry Hall finalize divorce but 'remain good friends'|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2022-08-11/rupert-murdoch-jerry-hall-finalize-divorce|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=18 September 2022}}</ref>

During [[Saint Patrick's Day]] celebrations in 2023,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Warrington |first=James |date=20 March 2023 |title=Rupert Murdoch, 92, engaged to Ann Lesley Smith following fourth divorce |language=en-GB |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2023/03/20/rupert-murdoch-92-engaged-ann-lesley-smith-following-fourth/ |access-date=20 March 2023 |issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Helmore |first=Edward |date=20 March 2023 |title=Rupert Murdoch to marry for fifth time at 92: 'I knew this would be my last' |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2023/mar/20/rupert-murdoch-engagement-ann-lesley-smith |access-date=20 March 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Murdoch, who is quarter Irish, proposed to his partner, [[Ann Lesley Smith]]. The engaged couple first met at an event in September 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rupert Murdoch engaged to be married for fifth time |url=https://www.ft.com/content/2b0fd33d-6a0a-447d-a4f7-3457e327a5ca |website=Financial Times|first=Christopher|last=Grimes|date=20 March 2023|access-date=20 March 2023}}</ref> In April 2023, two weeks after the couple were engaged, Murdoch suddenly called off the engagement. The split was said to be caused by Murdoch's discomfort with Smith's religious views and her infatuation with Fox News host Tucker Carlson, reportedly referring to him as "a messenger from God".<ref>{{cite web |title=Rupert Murdoch reportedly calls off engagement after two weeks |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2023/apr/04/rupert-murdoch-calls-off-engagement-ann-lesley-smith |website=The Guardian|first=Gloria|last=Oladipo|date=4 April 2023|access-date=5 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2023 |title=How Tucker Carlson Inspired Rupert Murdoch To End Engagement |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/tucker-carlson-rupert-murdoch-engagment_n_6436f2cfe4b0ed74f2a0198a |access-date=8 June 2023 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref> Carlson was [[Tucker Carlson#Departure from Fox News|fired from Fox News]] three weeks later.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ellison |first1=Sarah |last2=Barr |first2=Jeremy |date=3 May 2023 |title=For the Murdochs, Tucker Carlson became more trouble than he was worth |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2023/04/26/tucker-carlson-rupert-murdoch-fired/ |access-date=8 June 2023 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>

Murdoch became engaged again in March 2024, to retired [[Russia]]n [[molecular biologist]] Elena Zhukova, who is also the ex-wife of Russian businessman [[Alexander Zhukov (businessman)|Alexander Zhukov]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rupert Murdoch engaged again at 92, according to reports |url=https://news.sky.com/story/rupert-murdoch-engaged-again-at-92-according-to-reports-13088111 |date=7 March 2024 |access-date=7 March 2024 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The life of Rupert Murdoch's new girlfriend Elena Zhukova — a scientist who used to be mother-in-law to oligarch Roman Abramovich| url=https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-elena-zhukova-rupert-murdochs-new-russian-girlfriend-2023-8|date=17 August 2023|access-date=2 June 2024 |website=Business Insider |language=en}}</ref>  Their wedding was held in June 2024 at Murdoch's estate in California.<ref name="Yang">{{Cite news |last=Yang |first=Maya |date=2 June 2024 |title=Rightwing media mogul Rupert Murdoch marries for fifth time |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/article/2024/jun/02/rupert-murdoch-marries-elena-zhukova |access-date=2 June 2014 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Murdoch was 93 and Zhukova 67 years old.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-02 |title=Rupert Murdoch ties the knot for the 5th time in ceremony at his California vineyard |url=https://apnews.com/article/rupert-murdoch-elena-zhukova-wedding-7523f6c2d2fafdca7356e35196983cda |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> Through the marriage he became stepfather to [[Dasha Zhukova]], ex-wife of [[Roman Abramovich]].

=== Children ===
Murdoch has six children.<ref name="Explode">{{Cite news | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/phone-hacking/8641599/Phone-hacking-Rupert-Murdochs-media-empire-explodes.html | title = Phone hacking: Rupert Murdoch's media empire explodes | date = 16 July 2011 | work = Daily Telegraph | location=London | first1=Neil | last1=Tweedie | first2=Matthew | last2=Holehouse }}</ref> His eldest child, Prudence MacLeod, was appointed on 28 January 2011 to the board of [[Times Newspapers Ltd]], part of [[News International]], which publishes ''[[The Times]]'' and ''[[The Sunday Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Another Murdoch joins the Time.|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2011/mar/02/rupert-murdoch-thetimes|work=The Guardian|access-date=24 July 2011|date=2 March 2011|location=London|first=Roy|last=Greenslade|archive-date=30 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930145210/http://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2011/mar/02/rupert-murdoch-thetimes|url-status=live}}</ref> Murdoch's elder son [[Lachlan Murdoch|Lachlan]], formerly the Deputy Chief Operating Officer at the News Corporation and publisher of the ''[[New York Post]]'', was Murdoch's [[heir apparent]] before resigning from his executive posts at the global media company at the end of July 2005.<ref name="Explode" /> Lachlan's departure left [[James Murdoch]], Chief Executive of the satellite television service [[British Sky Broadcasting]] since November 2003 as the only Murdoch son still directly involved with the company's operations, though Lachlan has agreed to remain on the News Corporation's board.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.economist.com/node/4255447 | title = The sadness of Rupert Murdoch | newspaper = The Economist | date = 4 August 2005 | access-date = 19 July 2011 | archive-date = 23 October 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121023234557/http://www.economist.com/node/4255447 | url-status = live }}</ref>

After graduating from [[Vassar College]]<ref name="Court" /> and marrying classmate Elkin Kwesi Pianim (the son of Ghanaian financial and political mogul [[Kwame Pianim]]) in 1993,<ref name="Court" /> Murdoch's daughter [[Elisabeth Murdoch (businesswoman)|Elisabeth]] and her husband purchased a pair of NBC-affiliate television stations in California, [[KSBW]] and [[KSBY]], with a $35&nbsp;million loan provided by her father. By quickly re-organising and re-selling them at a $12&nbsp;million profit in 1995, Elisabeth emerged as an unexpected rival to her brothers for the eventual leadership of the publishing dynasty. But, after divorcing Pianim in 1998 and quarrelling publicly with her assigned mentor [[Sam Chisholm]] at BSkyB, she struck out on her own as a television and film producer in London. She has since enjoyed independent success, in conjunction with her second husband, [[Matthew Freud]], the great-grandson of [[Sigmund Freud]], whom she met in 1997 and married in 2001.<ref name="Court">{{cite web | location = UK | url = https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2008/nov/13/elisabeth-murdoch-matthew-freud-politics | title = Inside the court of London's golden couple | work = The Guardian | date = 13 November 2008 | first = John | last = Harris | access-date = 13 December 2016 | archive-date = 4 November 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161104031834/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2008/nov/13/elisabeth-murdoch-matthew-freud-politics | url-status = live }}</ref>

Until September 2023, it was not known how long Murdoch would remain as News Corporation's CEO. For a while the American cable television entrepreneur [[John Malone]] was the second-largest voting shareholder in News Corporation after Murdoch himself, potentially undermining the family's control. In 2007, the company announced that it would sell certain assets and give cash to Malone's company in exchange for its stock. In 2007, the company issued Murdoch's older children voting stock.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Murdoch family's $US71 billion peace treaty|url=https://www.afr.com/companies/media-and-marketing/the-murdoch-family-s-us71-billion-peace-treaty-20190322-p516mp|date=22 March 2019|website=Australian Financial Review|language=en|access-date=12 May 2020|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806193341/https://www.afr.com/companies/media-and-marketing/the-murdoch-family-s-us71-billion-peace-treaty-20190322-p516mp|url-status=live}}</ref>

Murdoch has two children with Wendi Deng: Grace (b. New York, November 2001)<ref name="BBC Murdoch" /> and Chloe (b. New York, July 2003).<ref name="Wherenow">{{cite news | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/so-where-does-rupert-murdoch-go-from-here-500802.html | title = So where does Rupert Murdoch go from here? | date = 31 July 2005 | work = The Independent | location = London | access-date = 22 August 2017 | archive-date = 22 July 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722215804/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/so-where-does-rupert-murdoch-go-from-here-500802.html | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="GuardianWives" /> It was revealed in September 2011 that [[Tony Blair]] is Grace's [[Guardian (law)|godfather]].<ref>{{Cite journal | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/tony-blair/8740530/Tony-Blair-is-godfather-to-Rupert-Murdochs-daughter.html | title = Tony Blair is godfather to Rupert Murdoch's daughter | date = 4 September 2011 | journal = The Telegraph | location = London | first = Anita | last = Singh | access-date = 5 April 2018 | archive-date = 25 December 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171225223419/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/tony-blair/8740530/Tony-Blair-is-godfather-to-Rupert-Murdochs-daughter.html | url-status = live }}</ref> There is reported to be tension between Murdoch and his oldest children over the terms of a trust holding the family's 28.5% stake in News Corporation, estimated in 2005 to be worth about $6.1 billion. Under the trust, his children by Wendi Deng share in the proceeds of the stock but have no voting privileges or control of the stock. Voting rights in the stock are divided 50/50 between Murdoch on the one side and his children of his first two marriages. Murdoch's voting privileges are not transferable but will expire upon his death and the stock will then be controlled solely by his children from the prior marriages, although their half-siblings will continue to derive their share of income from it. It is Murdoch's stated desire to have his children by Deng given a measure of control over the stock proportional to their financial interest in it. It does not appear that he has any strong legal grounds to contest the present arrangement, and both ex-wife Anna and their three children are said to be strongly resistant to any such change.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/02/business/media/02murdoch.html | title = Wife and Ex-Wife Now Shape News Corp.'s Fate | date = 2 August 2005 | work = The New York Times | access-date = 18 February 2017 | archive-date = 10 August 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140810123645/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/02/business/media/02murdoch.html | url-status = live }}</ref>

== In the arts and media ==
===Film and television===
In 1999, the [[Ted Turner]]-owned [[TBS (U.S. TV channel)|TBS]] channel aired an original sitcom, ''[[The Chimp Channel]]''. This featured an all-[[simian]] cast and the role of an Australian TV veteran named Harry Waller. The character is described as "a self-made gazillionaire with business interests in all sorts of fields. He owns newspapers, hotel chains, sports franchises and genetic technologies, as well as everyone's favourite cable TV channel, The Chimp Channel". Waller is thought to be a parody of Murdoch, a long-time rival of Turner.<ref>{{Cite news | last = Lucas | first = Michael P | url = https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-01-ca-42906-story.html | title = Some 'Chimp Channel' Segments Descend From Classics | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 1 June 1999 | access-date = 8 April 2010 | archive-date = 23 October 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121023115508/http://articles.latimes.com/1999/jun/01/entertainment/ca-42906 | url-status = live }}</ref>

In 2004, the movie ''[[Outfoxed: Rupert Murdoch's War on Journalism]]'' included many interviews accusing Fox News of pressuring reporters to report only one side of news stories, in order to influence viewers' political opinions.<ref>{{cite news | last = Memmott | first = Mark | url = https://www.usatoday.com/news/politicselections/2004-07-11-outfoxed_x.htm | title = Another film joins the political debate today when Outfoxed: Rupert Murdoch's War on Journalism is unveiled in New York | quote = 'Outfoxed' accuses Fox of slanting the news. Outfoxed, which is being promoted by the liberal advocacy group MoveOn, charges that Fox News executives order their cable TV anchors, reporters and producers to slant the news to be pro-Republican and pro-Bush administration | work = USA Today | date = 12 July 2004 | access-date = 12 July 2011 | archive-date = 2 November 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101102005021/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/nov/19/books.media | url-status = live }}</ref>

In 2012, the satirical telemovie ''[[Hacks (2012 film)|Hacks]]'' broadcast on the UK's [[Channel 4]], made obvious comparisons with Murdoch using the fictional character "Stanhope Feast", portrayed by [[Michael Kitchen]], as well as other central figures in the [[phone hacking scandal]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.channel4.com/programmes/hacks | title=Hacks | access-date=8 January 2012 | archive-date=7 January 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107203822/http://www.channel4.com/programmes/hacks | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2136967/ |title=Hacks |publisher=[[IMDb]] }}</ref>

The 2013 film ''[[Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues]]'' features an Australian character inspired by Rupert Murdoch who owns a cable news television channel.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Buckwalter|first=Ian|date=17 December 2013|title=Ron Burgundy, Still A Legend In His Own Tiny Mind|url=https://www.npr.org/2013/12/17/251645698/ron-burgundy-still-a-legend-in-his-own-tiny-mind|url-status=live|access-date=27 October 2020|website=[[NPR]]|language=en|archive-date=26 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226164538/http://www.npr.org/2013/12/17/251645698/ron-burgundy-still-a-legend-in-his-own-tiny-mind/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Fleming|first=Ryan|date=19 December 2013|title='Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues' review|url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/anchorman-2-legend-continues/|url-status=live|access-date=27 October 2020|website=[[Digital Trends]]|archive-date=9 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209152556/https://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/anchorman-2-legend-continues/}}</ref>

Murdoch was part of the inspiration for Logan Roy, the protagonist of TV show ''[[Succession (TV series)|Succession]]'' (2018–2023), who is portrayed by [[Brian Cox (actor)|Brian Cox]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Julie |title=HBO's Succession Holds a Mirror Up to the Trumps, Kushners, and Murdochs |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/06/hbo-succession-rupert-murdoch-trump-kushner-family |magazine=Vanity Fair |date=3 June 2018 |language=en |access-date=12 December 2019 |archive-date=17 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117061516/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/06/hbo-succession-rupert-murdoch-trump-kushner-family |url-status=live }}</ref>

Murdoch has also been played by the following people in films and TV series:
* [[Barry Humphries]] in the TV mini-series ''[[Selling Hitler]]'' (1991)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Visontay |first1=Elias |title='Treasured Australian icon': Barry Humphries remembered as a 'comic genius' and 'legend' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2023/apr/23/treasured-australian-icon-barry-humphries-remembered-as-a-comic-genius-and-legend |newspaper=The Guardian |date=23 April 2023 |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |access-date=28 April 2024}}</ref>
* [[Hugh Laurie]] in a parody of ''[[It's a Wonderful Life]]'' in the TV show ''[[A Bit of Fry & Laurie]]'' (1990s)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mustiche |first1=Emma |title=Hugh Laurie's vintage Rupert Murdoch impression |url=https://www.salon.com/2011/07/13/laurie_fry_rupert_murdoch/ |website=salon.com |date=13 July 2011 |publisher=Salon.com, LLC. |access-date=28 April 2024}}</ref>
* Paul Elder in the telemovie ''[[The Late Shift (film)|The Late Shift]]'' (1996)<ref>{{cite web |title=The Late Shift - Full Cast & Crew |url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/the-late-shift/cast/2030111095/ |website=tvguide.com |publisher=TV GUIDE, A FANDOM COMPANY |access-date=28 April 2024}}</ref>
* [[Ben Mendelsohn]] in the film ''[[Black and White (2002 film)|Black and White]]'' (2002)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=David |title=Ruthless Rupe is recast as an angel of mercy |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/jan/04/rupertmurdoch.film |newspaper=The Observer |date=4 January 2004 |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |access-date=28 April 2024}}</ref>
* Himself on ''[[The Simpsons]]'', first in "[[Sunday, Cruddy Sunday]]" and later in "[[Judge Me Tender]]" (2010)<ref>{{IMDb name|613770}}</ref>
* [[Patrick Brammall]] in the TV mini-series ''[[Power Games: The Packer–Murdoch War]]'' (2013)<ref>{{cite web |title=The inside story |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/the-inside-story-20130905-2t7gu.html |website=smh.com |date=6 September 2013 |access-date=28 April 2024}}</ref>
* [[Ben Miller]] in two UK comedy TV series: ''[[Tracey Ullman's Show]]'' (2016)<ref>{{cite web |title=Tracey Ullman's Show (TV Series 2016-2018) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5337038/characters/nm0587950 |website=imdb.com |publisher=IMDb, Inc. |access-date=28 April 2024}}</ref> and ''[[Tracey Breaks the News]]'' (2017)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Schneider |first1=Michael |title=Tracey Ullman Created a Sex-Crazed Rupert Murdoch in Her HBO Sketch Comedy |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/tracey-ullman-hbo-show-sketch-rupert-murdoch-angela-merkel-1202007859/ |website=indiewire.com |date=28 September 2018 |publisher=IndieWire Media, LLC. |access-date=28 April 2024}}</ref>
* [[Simon McBurney]] in the mini-series ''[[The Loudest Voice]]'' (2019)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Zurawik |first1=David |title=The ugly legacy of media monster Roger Ailes |url=https://digitaledition.baltimoresun.com/tribune/article_popover.aspx?guid=96df2212-1f2b-4bcf-a76d-d8a8204e9fe4 |website=digitaledition.baltimoresun.com |publisher=The Baltimore Sun |access-date=28 April 2024}}</ref>
* [[Malcolm McDowell]] in ''[[Bombshell (2019 film)|Bombshell]]'' (2019)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hipes |first1=Patrick |title=Malcolm McDowell To Play Rupert Murdoch In Annapurna's Roger Ailes Movie |url=https://deadline.com/2018/10/malcolm-mcdowell-rupert-murdoch-roger-ailes-movie-cast-1202478671/ |website=deadline.com |date=8 October 2018 |access-date=28 April 2024}}</ref>

===Books===
Murdoch and rival newspaper and publishing magnate [[Robert Maxwell]] are thinly fictionalised as "Keith Townsend" and "Richard Armstrong" in ''[[The Fourth Estate (novel)|The Fourth Estate]]'' (1996) by British novelist and former MP [[Jeffrey Archer]].<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/maxwell-vs-murdoch--the-untold-story-1346669.html | title = Maxwell vs Murdoch – the untold story | work = The Independent | date = 11 May 1996 | location = London | first = Hugo | last = Barnacle | access-date = 22 August 2017 | archive-date = 25 September 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150925053313/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/maxwell-vs-murdoch--the-untold-story-1346669.html | url-status = live }}</ref>

In the novel ''Dunbar'' (2017) by [[Edward St Aubyn]] the eponymous lead character is at least partly inspired by Murdoch.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.ft.com/content/0e5fe956-b7d9-11e7-bff8-f9946607a6ba | title=Dunbar by Edward St Aubyn — 'King Lear' with added gall | newspaper=Financial Times | date=27 October 2017 | access-date=20 September 2019 | archive-date=20 September 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920123218/https://www.ft.com/content/0e5fe956-b7d9-11e7-bff8-f9946607a6ba | url-status=live | last1=Dickson | first1=Andrew }}</ref>

''Young Rupert: The Making of the Murdoch Empire'' (2023), by Walter Marsh, has been praised for the high quality of its research. It focuses on Murdoch as a child and young man, in particular his early career at ''The News'' in Adelaide and his relationship with the editor-in-chief [[Rohan Rivett]].<ref name="InDaily 2023 b141">{{cite web | title=Book review: Young Rupert|first=David |last=Washington | website=[[InDaily]] | date=3 August 2023 | url=https://www.indaily.com.au/arts-culture/books-and-poetry/2023/08/03/book-review-young-rupert | access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref><ref name=johnson2023>{{cite web | last=Johnson | first=Kurt | title=Book review: Young Rupert: The Making of the Murdoch Empire by Walter Marsh | website=The Sydney Morning Herald | date=15 September 2023 | url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/books/from-rupert-the-red-to-murdoch-the-magnate-the-appeal-of-power-20230911-p5e3py.html | access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref><ref name=tiffen2023>{{cite web | last=Tiffen | first=Rodney | title=From the earliest years of his career, the young Rupert Murdoch ruthlessly pursued his interests | website=[[The Conversation (website)| The Conversation]] | date=17 August 2023 | url=https://theconversation.com/from-the-earliest-years-of-his-career-the-young-rupert-murdoch-ruthlessly-pursued-his-interests-207829 | access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Several commenters on the book remarked on Murdoch's embrace of socialism in his early years.<ref name=adams2023>{{cite web | last1=Adams | first1=Phillip|author1-link= Phillip Adams (writer) |first2=Walter| last2= Marsh| title=Best of LNL: Meet young Rupert Murdoch|format= audio (53m) + text | website=[[ABC listen]] | date=13 December 2023 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/listen/programs/latenightlive/meet-young-rupert-murdoch-the-radical-lefty/103192888 | access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Marsh | first=Walter | title=Rupert Murdoch was a socialist before he built Fox News, reveals new biography 'Young Rupert, the Making of the Murdoch Empire' by Walter Marsh | website=[[Australian Financial Review]] | date=6 September 2023 | url=https://www.afr.com/companies/media-and-marketing/rupert-murdoch-was-a-socialist-before-he-built-fox-news-20230906-p5e2ev | access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref><!---all of these articles good sources for early part of the article too--->

===Music===
Towards the end of his touring career, [[Eagles (band)|Eagles]] drummer and lead singer [[Don Henley]] would often dedicate his 1982 hit "[[Dirty Laundry (Don Henley song)|Dirty Laundry]]" to Murdoch and [[Bill O'Reilly (political commentator)|Bill O'Reilly]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Blistein |first1=Jon |title=Hear Nickelback's Unique Cover of Don Henley's 'Dirty Laundry' |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/hear-nickelbacks-unique-cover-of-don-henleys-dirty-laundry-252423/ |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=28 July 2022 |date=25 August 2016 |archive-date=28 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728112332/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/hear-nickelbacks-unique-cover-of-don-henleys-dirty-laundry-252423/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Zimmerman |first1=Lee |title=Airing Don Henley's "Dirty Laundry" on His 64th Birthday |url=https://www.browardpalmbeach.com/music/airing-don-henleys-dirty-laundry-on-his-64th-birthday-6418411 |website=New Times Broward-Palm Beach |access-date=28 July 2022 |language=en |date=22 July 2011}}</ref>

Australian psychedelic rock band [[King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard]] wrote the track "Evilest Man" about Murdoch, for their 2022 album [[Omnium Gatherum (album)|''Omnium Gatherum'']].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://genius.com/King-gizzard-and-the-lizard-wizard-evilest-man-lyrics|title=King Gizzard & The Lizard Wizard – Evilest Man|via=genius.com}}</ref>

== Influence, wealth, and reputation ==
[[File:Rupert Murdoch 2015.png|thumb|Murdoch accepting the [[Hudson Institute]]'s Global Leadership Award (November 2015)]] 
===Forbes rankings===
In 2014, ''[[Forbes]]'' estimated Rupert Murdoch's wealth at USD 13.7 billion.<ref name="Forbes" />

In 2016, ''Forbes'' ranked "Rupert Murdoch & Family" as the 35th most powerful person in the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=The World's Most Powerful People|url=https://www.forbes.com/powerful-people/list/|website=Forbes|access-date=23 February 2017|year=2017|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225092237/https://www.forbes.com/powerful-people/list/|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to ''Forbes<nowiki>'</nowiki>'' 2017 real-time list of world's billionaires, Murdoch was the 34th richest person in the US and the 96th richest person in the world, with a net worth of US$13.1&nbsp;billion {{as of|lc=y|2017|02|post=.}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Rupert Murdoch & family profile|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/rupert-murdoch/?list=billionaires|website=Forbes|access-date=23 February 2017|year=2017|archive-date=14 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214183828/https://www.forbes.com/profile/rupert-murdoch/?list=billionaires|url-status=live}}</ref>  

In 2019, the Murdoch family were ranked 52nd in the ''Forbes''{{'}} annual list of the world's billionaires.<ref name=ForbesList>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/|title=Billionaires 2019|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=3 April 2019|archive-date=29 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129074957/http://www.forbes.com/billionaires/|url-status=live}}</ref>

As per Forbes list of The Richest People In The World, dated 8 March 2024, Murdoch and family were ranked #100 with a net worth of $19.5 Billion.<ref name=ForbesList />

===Other assessments and investigations===
In August 2013, Terry Flew, Professor of Media and Communications at [[Queensland University of Technology]], wrote an article for the ''Conversation'' publication in which he investigated a claim by former Australian prime minister [[Kevin Rudd]] that Murdoch owned 70% of Australian newspapers in 2011. Flew's article showed that News Corp Australia owned 23% of the nation's newspapers in 2011, according to the Finkelstein Review of Media and Media Regulation, but, at the time of the article, the corporation's titles accounted for 59% of the sales of all daily newspapers, with weekly sales of 17.3 million copies.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Terry|last1=Flew|title=FactCheck: does Murdoch own 70% of newspapers in Australia?|url=http://theconversation.com/factcheck-does-murdoch-own-70-of-newspapers-in-australia-16812|access-date=28 July 2014|work=The Conversation|date=8 August 2013|archive-date=27 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727102428/http://theconversation.com/factcheck-does-murdoch-own-70-of-newspapers-in-australia-16812|url-status=live}}</ref>

In connection with Murdoch's testimony to the [[Leveson Inquiry]] "into the ethics of the British press", editor of ''[[Newsweek International]]'', [[Tunku Varadarajan]], referred to him as "the man whose name is synonymous with unethical newspapers".<ref name=Varadarajan>{{cite news | first=Tunku | last=Varadarajan | url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2012/04/29/world-on-a-page-nationalization-and-necrophilia.html | title=Nationalization and Necrophilia. Till death do us part. Chronicle of a Death | work=[[Newsweek]] | date=30 April 2012 | access-date=3 May 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503012305/http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2012/04/29/world-on-a-page-nationalization-and-necrophilia.html | archive-date=3 May 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

News Corp papers were accused of supporting the campaign of the Australian Liberal government and influencing public opinion during the [[2013 federal election]]. Following the announcement of the Liberal Party victory at the polls, Murdoch tweeted "Aust. election public sick of public sector workers and phony [[dole bludger|welfare scroungers]] sucking life out of economy. Other nations to follow in time."<ref>{{cite web|first1=Rupert|last1=Murdoch|title=7 September|url=https://twitter.com/rupertmurdoch/status/376329999194005504|website=Rupert Murdoch on Twitter|publisher=Twitter|access-date=28 July 2014|date=7 September 2013|archive-date=22 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022032003/https://twitter.com/rupertmurdoch/status/376329999194005504|url-status=live}}</ref>

In November 2015, former Australian prime minister [[Tony Abbott]] said that Murdoch "arguably has had more impact on the wider world than any other living Australian".<ref>{{cite web|title = Rupert Murdoch Has 'More Impact Than Any Living Australian' Says Tony Abbott|url = https://newmatilda.com/2015/11/13/rupert-murdoch-has-more-impact-than-any-living-australian-says-tony-abbott/|website = New Matilda|date = 13 November 2015|access-date = 13 November 2015|archive-date = 17 November 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024713/https://newmatilda.com/2015/11/13/rupert-murdoch-has-more-impact-than-any-living-australian-says-tony-abbott/|url-status = live}}</ref>

In late 2015, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' journalist [[John Carreyrou]] began a series of investigative articles on [[Theranos]], the blood-testing start-up founded by [[Elizabeth Holmes]], that questioned its claim to be able to run a wide range of lab tests from a tiny sample of blood from a [[finger prick]].<ref name="carreyrou_nyt-2015-10-29">{{cite news | title = The Narrative Frays for Theranos and Elizabeth Holmes | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/30/business/the-narrative-frays-for-theranos-and-elizabeth-holmes.html | first = James B. | last = Stewart | website = The New York Times | date = 29 October 2015 | access-date = 31 January 2016 | archive-date = 23 August 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200823063113/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/30/business/the-narrative-frays-for-theranos-and-elizabeth-holmes.html | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="carreyrou_wsj-2015-10-16">{{cite news | title = Hot Startup Theranos Has Struggled With Its Blood-Test Technology | url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-has-struggled-with-blood-tests-1444881901 | first = John | last = Carreyrou | website = The Wall Street Journal | date = 16 October 2015 | access-date = 31 January 2016 | archive-date = 23 August 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200823063115/https://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-has-struggled-with-blood-tests-1444881901 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="carreyrou_wsj-2015-12-27">{{cite news | title = At Theranos, Many Strategies and Snags | url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/at-theranos-many-strategies-and-snags-1451259629 | first = John | last = Carreyrou | website = The Wall Street Journal | date = 27 December 2015 | access-date = 31 January 2016 | archive-date = 23 August 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200823063118/https://www.wsj.com/articles/at-theranos-many-strategies-and-snags-1451259629 | url-status = live }}</ref> Holmes had turned to Murdoch, whose media empire includes Carreyrou's employer, ''The Wall Street Journal'', to kill the story. Murdoch, who became the biggest investor in Theranos in 2015 as a result of his $125 million injection, refused the request from Holmes saying that "he trusted the paper's editors to handle the matter fairly."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/22/stories-from-bad-blood-book-on-theranos-and-elizabeth-holmes.html |title=6 of the most fascinating revelations from 'Bad Blood' on Theranos debacle and Elizabeth Holmes |date=15 March 2019 |first=Tom Jr. |last=Huddleston |publisher=CNBC |access-date=13 October 2019 |archive-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013014301/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/22/stories-from-bad-blood-book-on-theranos-and-elizabeth-holmes.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ricochet.com/606605/archives/an-unsung-hero-of-the-theranos-saga-rupert-murdoch/ |title=An Unsung Hero of the Theranos Saga: Rupert Murdoch |first=Bethany |last=Mandel |date=19 March 2019 |work=Ricochet |access-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013014530/https://ricochet.com/606605/archives/an-unsung-hero-of-the-theranos-saga-rupert-murdoch/ |archive-date=13 October 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In November 2021, Murdoch accused, without providing evidence, Google and Facebook of stifling conservative viewpoints on its platforms, and called for "substantial reform" and openness in the digital ad supply chain.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Murdoch accuses Google, Facebook of silencing conservatives|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2021/11/18/murdoch-accuses-google-facebook-of-silencing-conservatives|access-date=18 November 2021|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Murdoch family]]
* [[List of assets owned by 21st Century Fox]]
* [[List of assets owned by News Corp]]
** [[Metropolitan police role in phone hacking scandal]]
** [[Phone hacking scandal reference lists]]
* ''[[The Rise of the Murdoch Dynasty]]'' ([[BBC Two]] documentary)

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |last=Chenoweth |first=Neil |title=Rupert Murdoch, the untold story of the world's greatest media wizard |year=2001 |publisher=Random House |location=New York}}
* Dover, Bruce. ''Rupert's Adventures in China: How Murdoch Lost A Fortune And Found A Wife'' (Mainstream Publishing).
* Ellison, Sarah. ''War at the Wall Street Journal: Inside the Struggle To Control an American Business Empire'', Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2010. {{ISBN|978-0-547-15243-1}} (Also published as: ''War at The Wall Street Journal: How Rupert Murdoch Bought an American Icon'', Melbourne, Text Publishing, 2010.)
* Evans, Harold. ''Good Times, Bad Times'', London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1983
* {{cite book|first = Alison|last = Harcourt|title = European Union Institutions and the Regulation of Media Markets|publisher = Manchester University Press|location = London, New York|year = 2006|url = https://archive.org/details/europeanunionreg0000harc|isbn = 0-7190-6644-1|url-access = registration}}
* McKnight, David. "Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation: A Media Institution with A Mission", ''Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television'', Sept 2010, Vol. 30 Issue 3, pp 303–316
* {{cite book |last=Munster |first=George |title=A Paper Prince |year=1985 |publisher=Penguin Books Australia Ltd. |location=Ringwood VIC, Australia |isbn=0-670-80503-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/paperprince00muns }}
* {{Cite book |last=Page |first=Bruce |title=The Murdoch Archipelago |publisher=Simon and Schuster UK |year=2003}}
* {{Cite book |last=Shawcross |first=William |title=Murdoch: the making of a media empire |publisher=Simon and Schuster |location=New York |year=1997}}
* {{cite book |last=Souchou |first=Yao |title=House of Glass – Culture, Modernity, and the State in Southeast Asia |year=2000 |publisher=White Lotus |location=Bangkok}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|v=no|b=no|wikt=no|s=no}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{C-SPAN}}
* [http://www.economist.com/topics/news-corporation Rupert Murdoch] collected news and commentary at ''[[The Economist]]''
* {{Guardian topic}}
* {{New York Times topic}}
* [http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-613532 Murdoch, Rupert (1931–)] resources from [[NLA Trove|Trove at the National Library of Australia]]
* {{The Interviews about|rupert-murdoch}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120508015156/http://people.forbes.com/profile/rupert-murdoch/13480 Profile archived May 2012] at ''[[Forbes]]''
* Arsenault, A & Castells, M. (2008) [https://web.archive.org/web/20080820022631/http://iss.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/23/4/488 Rupert Murdoch and the Global Business of Media Politics]. International Sociology. 23(4)
* {{cite magazine|magazine=The Monthly|url=https://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2018/july/1530367200/richard-cooke/endless-reign-rupert-murdoch|first=Richard|last=Cooke|title=The endless reign of Rupert Murdoch: After decades of influence, the media mogul isn't so much a person as an epoch|date=July 2018|format=essay}}

{{Fox (company)}}
{{News Corporation}}
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