Editing Rupert Brooke

{{Short description|English poet (1887–1915)}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Rupert Brooke
| image              = For remembrance, soldier poets who have fallen in the war, Adcock, 1920 DJVU pg 10.jpg
| caption            = Brooke, Photograph by [[Sherril Schell]] (1913)
| birth_name         = Rupert Chawner Brooke
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1887|08|03|df=y}}
| birth_place        = [[Rugby, Warwickshire|Rugby]], Warwickshire, England
| death_date         = {{death date and age|1915|4|23|1887|8|3|df=y}}
| death_place        = [[Skyros]], Greece
| education          = {{Ubl| [[Rugby School]] | [[King's College, Cambridge]] (fellow) }}
| employer           = [[Sidgwick & Jackson]] (publisher)
| occupation         = Poet
| signature          = Author's signature in Collected poems of Rupert Brooke.png
}}
'''Rupert Chawner Brooke''' (3 August 1887 – 23 April 1915<ref name=Julian>The date of Brooke's death and burial under the [[Julian calendar]] that applied in Greece at the time was 10 April. The Julian calendar was 13&nbsp;days behind the [[Gregorian calendar]].</ref>) was an English poet known for his [[ideal (ethics)|idealistic]] war [[sonnet]]s written during the [[First World War]], especially "[[The Soldier (poem)|The Soldier]]". He was also known for his boyish good looks, which were said to have prompted the Irish poet [[W. B. Yeats]] to describe him as "the handsomest young man in England".<ref>{{cite news
|title=Friends and Apostles. The Correspondence of Rupert Brooke and James Strachey, 1905–1914
|year=1998
|work=The New York Times
|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/h/hale-friends.html
|access-date=6 December 2011
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
|first=Nigel
|last=Jones
|title=Rupert Brooke: Life, Death & Myth
|location=London
|publisher=Richard Cohen Books
|pages=110, 304
|date=30 September 1999
}}</ref> He died of [[septicaemia]] following a mosquito bite whilst aboard a French hospital ship moored off the island of [[Skyros]] in the [[Aegean Sea]].

==Early life==
[[File:Rupert Brooke Birthplace (crop).jpg|thumb|left|Brooke's birthplace in Rugby in 2017]]
Brooke was born at 5 Hillmorton Road, [[Rugby, Warwickshire]],<ref>{{cite news
|title=Poet Brooke's birthplace for sale 
|date=21 August 2007
|work=BBC News
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/coventry_warwickshire/6956623.stm
|access-date=8 August 2008
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |title       = Committee Agenda Item: Borough Development – 16/09/2003. Item 15
 |date        = 16 September 2003
 |work        = Rugby Borough Council
 |url         = http://www.warwickshire.gov.uk/corporate/rbccomsys.nsf/09ac544aab0f60e88025653f0057f7e9/3a3f1ceb6a43259c80256e010054e89f?OpenDocument
 |access-date  = 6 December 2011
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20150227135728/http://www.warwickshire.gov.uk/corporate/rbccomsys.nsf/09ac544aab0f60e88025653f0057f7e9/3a3f1ceb6a43259c80256e010054e89f?OpenDocument
 |archive-date = 27 February 2015}}</ref> and named after a great-grandfather on his mother's side, Rupert Chawner (1750–1836), a distinguished doctor descended from the regicide [[Thomas Chaloner (regicide)|Thomas Chaloner]]<ref>Rupert Brooke: Life, Death, & Myth, Nigel Jones, Head of Zeus (revised edition; originally published BBC Worldwide, 2003) 2014, p. 1</ref> (the middle name has however sometimes been erroneously given as "Chaucer").<ref name = TNA1/> He was the third of four children of William Parker "Willie" Brooke, a schoolmaster, and Ruth Mary Brooke (''née'' Cotterill), a school matron. Both parents were working at [[Fettes College]] in [[Edinburgh]] when they met. They married on 18 December 1879. William Parker Brooke had to resign after the couple wed, as there was no accommodation there for married masters. The couple then moved to Rugby in Warwickshire, where Rupert's father became Master of School Field House at [[Rugby School]] a month later. His eldest brother was Richard England "Dick" Brooke (1881–1907); his sister Edith Marjorie Brooke was born in 1885 and died the following year, and his youngest brother was William Alfred Cotterill "Podge" Brooke (1891–1915).<ref name="Friends: Brooke's admission">{{cite web
|url=http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/archive-centre/archive-month/june-2014.html
|website=King's College, Cambridge
|title=Friends: Brooke's admission
|date=June 2014
|access-date=17 December 2014 
}}</ref>
[[File:Alfred_Brooke_(left)_and_Rupert_Brooke_(right)_with_dog_Trim.jpg|thumb|upright|Childhood photograph of Rupert Brooke (right) with his younger brother Alfred Brooke (left) and dog Trim (1898)]]
Brooke attended [[preparatory school (United Kingdom)|preparatory (prep) school]] locally at [[Hillbrow School|Hillbrow]], and then went on to Rugby School. At Rugby, he was romantically involved with fellow pupils Charles Lascelles, Denham Russell-Smith and [[Michael Sadleir]].<ref>Keith Hale, The Bisexual Brooke. Create Space Publishing, 2016.</ref> In 1905, he became friends with [[St. John Lucas]], who thereafter became something of a mentor to him.<ref name="Friends: Brooke's admission"/>

In October 1906, he went up to [[King's College, Cambridge]], to study classics. There, he became a member of the [[Cambridge Apostles|Apostles]], was elected as president of the university [[Cambridge Universities Labour Club|Fabian Society]], helped found the [[Marlowe Society]] drama club and acted, including in the [[Cambridge Greek Play]]. The friendships he made at school and university set the course for his adult life, and many of the people he met—including [[George Mallory]]—fell under his spell.<ref>Davis, Wade (2011). ''Into The Silence: The Great War, Mallory and the Conquest of Everest''. Bodley Head.</ref> [[Virginia Woolf]] told [[Vita Sackville-West]] that she had gone [[skinny-dipping]] with Brooke in a moonlit pool when they were in Cambridge together.<ref>Vita Sackville-West letter to [[Harold Nicolson]], 8 April 1941, reproduced in [[Nigel Nicolson]] (ed.), ''Harold Nicolson: The War Years 1939–1945'', Vol. II of ''Diaries and Letters'', Atheneum, New York, 1967, p. 159.</ref> In 1907, his elder brother Dick died of pneumonia at age 26. Brooke planned to put his studies on hold to help his parents cope with the loss of his brother, but they insisted he return to university.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/archive-centre/archive-month/june-2014.html
|website=King's College, Cambridge
|title=Friends: Brooke's admission
|date=June 2014
|access-date=28 May 2018
}}</ref>

There is a blue plaque at [[The Orchard (tea room)|The Orchard]], Grantchester, where he lived and wrote. It reads: "Rupert Brooke Poet & Soldier 1887–1915 Lived and wrote at The Orchard 1909–1911, and at The Old Vicarage 1911–1912".

==Life and career==

Brooke made friends among the [[Bloomsbury group]] of writers, some of whom admired his talent while others were more impressed by his good looks. He also belonged to another literary group known as the [[Georgian poets|Georgian Poets]] and was one of the most important of the [[Dymock poets]], associated with the [[Gloucestershire]] village of [[Dymock]] where he spent some time before the war. This group included both [[Robert Frost]] and [[Edward Thomas (poet)|Edward Thomas]]. He also lived at the [[Old Vicarage, Grantchester|Old Vicarage]], [[Grantchester]], which stimulated one of his best-known poems, [[The Old Vicarage, Grantchester|named after the house]], written with homesickness while in Berlin in 1912. While travelling in Europe, he prepared a thesis, entitled "[[John Webster]] and the [[English Renaissance theatre|Elizabethan Drama]]", which earned him a fellowship at [[King's College, Cambridge]], in March 1913.

Brooke had his first [[Heterosexuality|heterosexual]] relationship with [[Élisabeth van Rysselberghe]], daughter of painter [[Théo van Rysselberghe]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Nigel |title=Rupert Brooke - Life, Death and Myth |date=2014 |publisher=Head of Zeus |isbn=9781781857151 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LjcQBQAAQBAJ |access-date=5 January 2022}}</ref> They met in 1911 in [[Munich]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Caesar |first1=Adrian |title=Taking it Like a Man - Suffering, Sexuality, and the War Poets : Brooke, Sassoon, Owen, Graves |date=1993 |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=9780719038341 |page=37 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mXu7AAAAIAAJ |access-date=5 January 2022}}</ref> His affair with Élisabeth came closest to be consummated than any other he ever had so far.<ref name=mundi>{{cite book |last1=Dyserinck |first1=Hugo |title=Europa Provincia Mundi: Essays in Comparative Literature and European Studies Offered to Hugo Dyserinck on the Occasion of His Sixty-fifth Birthday |date=1992 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=9789051833812 |page=180 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uvdPzUXNhLIC |access-date=5 January 2022}}</ref> It is possible that the two became lovers in a "complete sense" in May 1913 in [[Swanley]].<ref name=:0>{{cite book |last1=Delany |first1=Paul |title=Fatal Glamour - The Life of Rupert Brooke |date=2015 |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |isbn=9780773582781 |pages=122–338 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YUbkBgAAQBAJ |access-date=4 January 2022}}</ref> It was in Munich, where he had met Élisabeth, that a year later he finally succeeded in having intercourse with [[Katherine Laird Cox]].<ref name=mundi/>

Brooke suffered a severe emotional crisis in 1912, resulting in the breakdown of his long relationship with Ka Cox.<ref>{{cite ODNB |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/32093?docPos=1 |title=Brooke, Rupert Chawner (1887–1915) |first=Adrian |last=Caesar |year=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/32093 |access-date=12 January 2008}}</ref> Brooke's paranoia that [[Lytton Strachey]] had schemed to destroy his relationship with Cox by encouraging her to see [[Henry Lamb]] precipitated his break with his Bloomsbury group friends and played a part in his [[nervous breakdown|nervous collapse]] and subsequent rehabilitation trips to Germany.<ref>Keith Hale, ed. ''Friends and Apostles: The Correspondence of Rupert Brooke-James Strachey, 1905–1914''.</ref>
[[File:Rupert brooke officer 1914.jpg|thumb|Rupert Brooke as an officer in 1914]]
As part of his recuperation, Brooke toured the United States and Canada to write travel diaries for ''[[The Westminster Gazette]]''. He took the long way home, sailing across the Pacific and staying some months in the [[South Sea Islands|South Seas]]. Much later it was revealed that he may have fathered a daughter with a Tahitian woman named Taatamata with whom he seems to have enjoyed his most complete emotional relationship.<ref>Mike Read: ''Forever England'' (1997)</ref><ref name="Potter">{{cite web|last1=Potter|first1=Caroline|title=This Side of Paradise: Rupert Brooke and the South Seas|url=http://asketchofthepast.com/2014/08/08/this-side-of-paradise-rupert-brooke-and-the-south-seas/|website=asketchofthepast.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210171436/http://asketchofthepast.com/2014/08/08/this-side-of-paradise-rupert-brooke-and-the-south-seas/|archive-date=10 February 2015|url-status=live|date=8 August 2014}}</ref> Many more people were in love with him.<ref>Biography at [http://www.glbtq.com/literature/brooke_r.html GLBTQ encyclopaedia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515160818/http://www.glbtq.com/literature/brooke_r.html |date=15 May 2008 }} by Keith Hale, editor of ''Friends and Apostles: The Correspondence of Rupert Brooke-James Strachey, 1905–1914''</ref> Brooke was romantically involved with the artist [[Phyllis Gardner (British writer)|Phyllis Gardner]] and the actress [[Cathleen Nesbitt]], and was once engaged to [[Noël Olivier]], whom he met, when she was aged 15, at the progressive [[Bedales School]].

Brooke's accomplished poetry gained many enthusiasts and followers, and he was taken up by [[Edward Marsh (polymath)|Edward Marsh]], who brought him to the attention of [[Winston Churchill]], then [[First Lord of the Admiralty]]. He joined the [[Royal Navy]] after the outbreak of war in August 1914, and was commissioned into the [[Royal Naval Reserve|Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve]] as a temporary [[sub-lieutenant]] shortly after his 27th birthday.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28906|page=7396|date=18 September 1914}}</ref> Brooke was assigned to the [[63rd (Royal Naval) Division|Royal Naval Division]], an infantry division consisting of Royal Navy and [[Royal Marines|Royal Marine]] personnel not needed at sea, and took part in the [[Siege of Antwerp (1914)|siege of Antwerp]] in early October.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/royal-naval-division-service-records-1914-1919/|title= Royal Naval Division service records 1914-1919|publisher=The National Archives|access-date=30 December 2023}}</ref>

Brooke came to public attention as a war poet early the following year, when ''[[The Times Literary Supplement]]'' published two sonnets ("IV: The Dead" and "V: The Soldier") on 11 March; the latter was then read from the pulpit of [[St Paul's Cathedral]] on Easter Sunday (4 April).  His most famous collection of poetry, containing all five sonnets, ''1914 & Other Poems'', was first published in May 1915 and, in testament to his popularity, ran to 11 further impressions that year and by June 1918 had reached its 24th impression,<ref>''1914 & Other Poems'' by Rupert Brooke, Sidgwick & Jackson, 1918 (24th impression).</ref> a process undoubtedly fuelled through posthumous interest.

==Death==
[[File:Skyros - 2013-03 - Plateia Brook.JPG|thumb|Brooke Square, Skyros]]

Brooke sailed with the British [[Mediterranean Expeditionary Force]] on 28 February 1915, but developed severe [[gastroenteritis]] whilst stationed in Egypt followed by streptococcal [[sepsis]] from an infected mosquito bite. French surgeons carried out two operations to drain the abscess, but he died of septicaemia at 4:46&nbsp;pm on 23 April 1915, on the French [[hospital ship]] ''{{ill|French ship Duguay-Trouin (1900)|lt=Duguay-Trouin|fr|Duguay-Trouin (1900)}}'', moored in a bay off the Greek island of [[Skyros]] in the Aegean Sea, while on his way to the [[Gallipoli campaign#Landings|landings at Gallipoli]]. He was 27 at the time of his death. As the expeditionary force had orders to depart immediately, Brooke was buried at 11&nbsp;pm in an olive grove on Skyros.<ref name=Julian/><ref name=TNA1>{{cite web |url= http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/dol/popups/rndofficer1.htm |title=Royal Naval Division service record (extract) |publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]] |access-date=11 November 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/dol/popups/rndofficer2.htm |title=Royal Naval Division service record (extract) |publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]] |access-date=11 November 2007}}</ref> The site was chosen by his close friend, [[William Denis Browne]], who wrote of Brooke's death:<ref name=Musicweb>{{cite web |url=http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2002/May02/WDBrown.htm |title=William Denis Browne (1888–1915) |first=Pamela |last=Blevins |work=Musicweb International|year=2000|access-date=9 November 2007}}</ref>

{{blockquote|I sat with Rupert. At 4 o’clock he became weaker, and at 4.46 he died, with the sun shining all round his cabin, and the cool sea breeze blowing through the door and the shaded windows. No one could have wished for a quieter or a calmer end than in that lovely bay, shielded by the mountains and fragrant with sage and thyme.}}

Another friend and war poet, [[Patrick Shaw-Stewart]], assisted at his hurried funeral.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.balliol.ox.ac.uk/Past%20members/PHStewart.asp|title=Patrick Houston Shaw-Stewart (1888–1917), War Poet|publisher=Balliol College Archives & Manuscripts|first=John|last=Jones}}</ref> His grave remains there still, with a monument erected by his friend Stanley Casson,<ref>{{Cwgc|id=2000332|name=Brooke, Rupert Chawner|access-date=24 June 2010}}</ref> poet and archaeologist, who, in 1921, published ''Rupert Brooke and Skyros'', a "quiet essay", illustrated with woodcuts by [[Phyllis Gardner (British writer)|Phyllis Gardner]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/6th-august-1921/24/rupert-brooke-and-skyros-by-stanley-casson-with-wo | title=Rupert Brooke and Skyros. By Stanley Casson. With woodcut illustrations » 6 Aug 1921 » the Spectator Archive}}</ref>

Brooke's surviving brother, William Alfred Cotterill Brooke, fell in action on the [[Western Front (World War One)|Western Front]] on 14 June 1915 as a [[Subaltern (military)|subaltern]] with the 1/8th (City of London) of the London Regiment ([[Post Office Rifles]]), at the age of 24. He had been in France on active service for nineteen days before his death. His body was buried in Fosse 7 Military Cemetery (Quality Street), [[Mazingarbe]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.1914-18.co.uk/brooke/brookes%20brother%20text.htm |title=RUPERT BROOKE |publisher=1914–18.co.uk}}</ref>

In July 1917, Field Marshal [[Edmund Allenby]] was informed of the death in action of his son Michael Allenby, leading to Allenby's breakdown in tears in public while he recited a poem by Rupert Brooke.

==Commemorations==
[[File:Rupert Brooke statue cropped 11.21.JPG|thumb|upright|Statue of Brooke in [[Rugby, Warwickshire|Rugby]], by [[Ivor Roberts-Jones]] (1988)]]
On 11 November 1985, Brooke was among 16 First World War poets commemorated on a slate monument unveiled in [[Poets' Corner]] in [[Westminster Abbey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://net.lib.byu.edu/english/wwi/poets/poets.html |title=Poets |publisher=Net.lib.byu.edu |access-date=24 March 2012}}</ref> The inscription on the stone was taken from [[Wilfred Owen]]'s "Preface" to his poems and reads: "My subject is War, and the pity of War. The Poetry is in the pity."<ref>{{cite web|first=Robert |last=Means |url=http://net.lib.byu.edu/english/wwi/poets/Preface.html |title=Preface |publisher=Net.lib.byu.edu |access-date=24 March 2012}}</ref>

His name is recorded on the village war memorial in Grantchester.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cantab.net/users/cane/cambridgecorners/granchst.htm| title=Cambridge Corners|publisher=University of Cambridge|access-date=29 December 2023}}</ref>

The wooden cross that marked Brooke's grave on Skyros, which was painted and carved with his name, was removed when a permanent memorial was made there. His mother, Mary Ruth Brooke, had the cross brought to Rugby, to the family plot at Clifton Road Cemetery. Because of erosion in the open air, it was removed from the cemetery in 2008 and replaced by a more permanent marker. The Skyros cross is now at Rugby School with the memorials of other Old Rugbeians.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyadvertiser.co.uk/news/features/help-to-design-memorial-to-rupert-brooke-1-1482332 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130619224455/http://www.rugbyadvertiser.co.uk/news/features/help-to-design-memorial-to-rupert-brooke-1-1482332 |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 June 2013 |title=Help to design memorial to Rupert Brooke }}</ref>

The first stanza of "[[The Dead (poem)|The Dead]]" is inscribed onto the base of the [[Royal Naval Division War Memorial]] in London.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1392454 |desc=The Royal Naval Division War Memorial|access-date=16 December 2017}}</ref>

The [[Cenotaph]] in [[Wellington]], [[New Zealand]], has the words from "[[The Dead (poem)|The Dead]]", "These laid the world away; poured out the red Sweet wine of youth; gave up the years to be Of work and joy, and that unhoped serene, That men call age; and those who would have been, Their sons, they gave, their immortality" inscribed on the pediment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/photos/wellington-cenotaph|title=Wellington cenotaph &#124; NZHistory, New Zealand history online|accessdate=14 March 2023}}</ref>

In 1988, the sculptor [[Ivor Roberts-Jones]] was commissioned to produce a statue of Brooke at Regent Place, a small triangular open space, in his birth town of [[Rugby, Warwickshire]]. The statue was unveiled by [[Mary Archer]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parks and open spaces - Jubilee Gardens |url=https://www.rugby.gov.uk/site/scripts/directory_record.php?recordID=263 |publisher=Rugby Borough Council |access-date=16 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Rupert Brooke (1887–1915) Ivor Roberts-Jones (1913–1996) Regent Place, Rugby, Warwickshire |url=https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/rupert-brooke-18871915-311026 |publisher=Art UK |access-date=16 February 2023}}</ref>

A 2006 portrait statue of Rupert Brooke in army uniform by [[Paul Day (sculptor)|Paul Day]] stands in the front garden of The Old Vicarage, Grantchester.<ref>{{cite news|title=Stands the clock at ten to three. Brooke unveiled by Lady T| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1521020/Stands-the-clock-at-ten-to-three.-Brooke-unveiled-by-Lady-T.html |work=Daily Telegraph|date=12 June 2006|accessdate=23 March 2024}}</ref>

[[File:RupertBrooke-portrait-by-StephenHopper-OrchardTeaRooms-Grantchester.jpg|alt=Rupert Brooke oil painting by Stephen Hopper at the Orchard Tea Rooms Grantchester|thumb|Oil painting of Rupert Brooke at The Orchard Tea Rooms by Stephen Hopper (2023)]]
In 2023, artist Stephen Hopper painted a portrait in oils celebrating Brooke's life and featuring references to his grave on [[Skyros]] and his service with the Hood Battalion, part of the [[63rd (Royal Naval) Division]]. (See detail on the pencil poised in his hand and the blank sheet of paper, symbolising work unfulfilled). [[File:Blow out your bugles, detail on Memorial Arch (by John M Lyle) at Royal Military College of Canada.JPG|thumb|center|900px|Blow out your bugles, detail on Memorial Arch (by [[John M. Lyle]]) at [[Royal Military College of Canada]]]]

== Legacy ==

=== Literary influences ===
In the afterword of his ''Collected Poems'' (1919), [[Lord Alfred Douglas]] wrote: "... never before in the history of English literature has poetry sunk so low. When a nation ... can seriously lash itself into enthusiasm over the puerile crudities (when they are nothing worse) of a Rupert Brooke, it simply means that poetry is despised and dishonoured and that sane criticism is dead or moribund."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Douglas |first1=Alfred Bruce |url=https://archive.org/details/collectedpoemsof00doug/page/116/mode/2up |title=The Collected Poems of Lord Alfred Douglas |date=1919 |publisher=Martin Secker |location=London |page=117}}</ref>

American adventurer [[Richard Halliburton]] made preparations for writing a biography of Brooke but died before he could.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Prince |first1=Cathryn |title=American Daredevil: The Extraordinary Life of Richard Halliburton, the Worlds First Celebrity Travel Writer |publisher=Chicago University |year=2016 |isbn=9781613731598}}</ref> Halliburton's notes were used by Arthur Springer to write ''Red Wine of Youth: A Biography of Rupert Brooke'' (1921).<ref>[http://libweb.princeton.edu/libraries/firestone/rbsc/aids/halliburton.html#1b Richard Halliburton Papers: Correspondence] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050415130327/http://libweb.princeton.edu/libraries/firestone/rbsc/aids/halliburton.html|date=15 April 2005}}, Manuscripts Division, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library. Accessed online 2 January 2008.  Gerry Max, ''Horizon Chasers'', p. 12 et passim. Also Jonathan Root, ''Halliburton--The Magnificent Myth'', p. 70 et passim</ref> Brooke was an inspiration to Canadian fighter pilot [[John Gillespie Magee Jr.]], known for his poems "Sonnet to Rupert Brooke" (1938) and "[[High Flight]]" (1941). Brooke also appears as a minor character in [[A. S. Byatt]]'s novel ''[[The Children's Book]]'' (2009).

=== Musical influences ===
[[Frederick Septimus Kelly]] wrote his "Elegy, In Memoriam Rupert Brooke for harp and strings" after attending Brooke's death and funeral. He also took Brooke's notebooks containing important late poems for safekeeping and later returned them to England.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kelly |first=Frederick Septimus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ErX1-eHqmVUC |title=Race Against Time: The Diaries of F. S. Kelly |date=2004 |publisher=National Library Australia |isbn=978-0-642-10740-4 |language=en}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=July 2024}} Brooke's poems have been set to music by groups and individuals including [[Charles Ives]], [[Marjo Tal]] and [[Fleetwood Mac]].

=== Quotes ===
Brooke's poems are quoted in [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]]'s debut novel ''[[This Side of Paradise]]'' (1920),<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/805/805-h/805-h.htm This Side of Paradise www.gutenberg.org] from Brooke's poem [https://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poems/tiare-tahiti Tiare Tahiti] final line.</ref> [[Queen Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth]]'s Act of Dedication speech (1947),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Elizabeth II |date=21 April 1947 |title=A speech by the Queen on her 21st Birthday, 1947 |website= The Royal Family|url=https://www.royal.uk/21st-birthday-speech-21-april-1947}}</ref> TV series including ''[[M*A*S*H (TV series)|M*A*S*H]]'' episode "Springtime" (1974) and the second episode of ''[[SAS: Rogue Heroes]]'' (2022), as well as in films including ''[[Making Love]]'' (1982).

==See also==
{{Portal|poetry|biography}}
*[[List of Bloomsbury Group people]]

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{Reflist}}

'''General references'''
{{refbegin}}
*Brooke, Rupert, ''Letters From America'' with a Preface by [[Henry James]] (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, Ltd, 1916; repr. 1947).
*Dawson, Jill, ''The Great Lover'' (London: Sceptre, 1990). A historical novel about Brooke and his relationship with a Tahitian woman, Taatamata, in 1913–14 and with Nell Golightly a maid where he was living.
*Delany, Paul. "Fatal Glamour: the Life of Rupert Brooke." (Montreal: McGillQueens UP, 2015).
*Delany, Paul. "''The Neo-Pagans: Friendship and Love in the Rupert Brooke Circle''" (Macmillan 1987)
*Keith Hale, ed. ''Friends and Apostles: The Correspondence of Rupert Brooke-James Strachey, 1905–1914''.
*Halliburton, Richard, ''The Glorious Adventure'' (New York and Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1927).  Traveller/travel writer Halliburton, in recreating Odysseus' adventures, visits the grave of Brooke on the Greek island of Skyros.
*Hassall, Christopher. "''Rupert Brooke: A Biography''" (Faber and Faber 1964)
* {{cite book|last=Jones|first=Nigel|title=Rupert Brooke: Life, Death and Myth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LjcQBQAAQBAJ|date= 2014|orig-year=1999 Metro Books|publisher=Head of Zeus|isbn=978-1-78185-715-1}}
*Sir Geoffrey Keynes, ed. "''The Letters of Rupert Brooke''" (Faber and Faber 1968)
*John Lehmann. "''Rupert Brooke: His Life and His Legend''" (George Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd 1980)
*Sellers Leonard. ''The Hood Battalion'' - Royal Naval Division. Leo Cooper, Pen & Sword Books Ltd. 1995, Select Edition 2003 {{ISBN|978-1-84468-008-5}} - Rupert Brooke was an officer of Hood Battalion, 2nd Brigade, Royal Naval Division.
*Marsh, Edward. “Rupert Brooke: a memoir” (McClelland, Goodchild and Stewart 2018).
*Gerry Max, ''Horizon Chasers – The Lives and Adventures of Richard Halliburton and [[Paul Mooney (writer)|Paul Mooney]]''  (McFarland, c2007).  References are made to the poet throughout.  Quoted, p.&nbsp;11.
*Gerry Max, "'When Youth Kept Open House' – Richard Halliburton and [[Thomas Wolfe]]",  ''North Carolina Literary Review,'' 1996, Issue Number 5.  Two early 20th century writers and their debt to the poet.
*Moran, Sean Farrell, "Patrick Pearse and the European Revolt Against Reason", ''The Journal of the History of Ideas'',50,4,423-66
*Morley, Christopher, "Rupert Brooke" in ''Shandygaff – A number of most agreeable ''Inquirendoes'' upon ''Life & Letters'', interspersed with ''Short Stories & Skits'', the Whole Most Diverting to the Reader'' (New York: Garden City Publishing Company, 1918), pp.&nbsp;58–71. An important early reminiscence and appraisal by famed essayist and novelist Morley.
*Mike Read. "''Forever England: The Life of Rupert Brooke''" (Mainstream Publishing Company Ltd 1997)
*Timothy Rogers. "''Rupert Brooke: A Reappraisal and Selection''" (Routledge, 1971)
*Robert Scoble. ''The Corvo Cult: The History of an Obsession'' (Strange Attractor, 2014)
*Christian Soleil. "''Rupert Brooke: Sous un ciel anglais''" (Edifree, France, 2009)
*Christian Soleil. "''Rupert Brooke: L'Ange foudroyé''" (Monpetitediteur, France, 2011)
*Arthur Stringer. ''Red Wine of Youth—A Biography of Rupert Brooke'' (New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1952).  Partly based on extensive correspondence between American travel writer [[Richard Halliburton]] and the literary and salon figures who had known Brooke.
*Colin Wilson. "''Poetry & Mysticism''" (City Lights Books 1969). Contains a chapter about Rupert Brooke.
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{wikiquote|Rupert Brooke}}
{{wikisource author}}
* [http://www.rupertbrooke.com/ Rupert Brooke Society]
* [http://www.rupertbrookeonskyros.com/ Rupert Brooke on Skyros]
* [https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/schroder/1 Schroder Collection (Rupert Brooke), Cambridge University Digital Library], digitised correspondence etc. between Brooke, [[Edward Marsh (polymath)|Edward Marsh]], and [[William Denis Browne]]
* [https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/rupert-brooke Rupert Brooke profile and poems on Poets.org]
* [https://www.poemist.com/rupert-brooke/ Rupert Brooke on Poemist]
* {{Gutenberg author |id=148| name=Rupert Brooke}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Rupert Chawner Brooke}}
* {{Librivox author |id=716}}
* [http://www.bartleby.com/232/ Bartleby.com] – Collected Poems
* [http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2000332 Rupert Brooke at the Commonwealth War Graves Commission database]
* [https://archives-manuscripts.dartmouth.edu/repositories/2/resources/1545 Rupert Brooke Correspondence and Writings] at Dartmouth College Library

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brooke, Rupert}}
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