Editing Rudolf von Gottschall

{{Short description|German poet, dramatist, literary critic and literary historian}}
{{Infobox person
|image=Rudolf von Gottschall by Nicola Perscheid 1905.jpg
|caption=Rudolf Gottschall by [[Nicola Perscheid]], 1905
|birth_date=30 September 1823
|birth_place=[[Breslau]], [[Prussia]]
|death_date=21 March 1909 (aged 85)
|death_place=[[Leipzig]], Germany
|children=[[Hermann von Gottschall]]
}}
'''Rudolf Gottschall''' ('''von Gottschall''' since 1877; 30 September 1823 – 21 March 1909) was a German [[poet]], [[dramatist]], literary critic and literary historian.

==Biography==
He was born at [[Breslau]], the son of a [[Prussia]]n artillery officer. He was educated at the [[gymnasium (school)|gymnasia]] in [[Mainz]] and [[Coburg, Germany|Coburg]], and subsequently at [[Rastenburg]] in [[East Prussia]]. In 1841 he entered the [[University of Königsberg]] as a [[law]] student, but was expelled for his outspoken liberal opinions. The academic authorities at Breslau and [[Leipzig]] were equally intolerant towards him, and it was only in [[Berlin]] that he found himself free to pursue his studies. During this period he issued ''Lieder der Gegenwart'' (“Songs of the present,” 1842) and ''Zensurflüchtlinge'' (“Refugees from censoring,” 1843) - the poetical fruits of his political enthusiasm. He completed his studies in Berlin, and took the degree of ''doctor juris'' in Königsberg.

His political views continued to stand in the way of his career, and Gottschall gave up the law to devote himself entirely to literature. He met with immediate success, and beginning as a [[dramaturge]] in Königsberg with ''Der Blinde von Alcala'' (1846) and ''Lord Byron in Italien'' (1847), he went on to [[Hamburg]] where he occupied a similar position. His political and social sympathies with the [[Revolutions of 1848|revolutionary movement of 1848]] were shown in the dramas ''Wiener Immortellen'' (1848), ''Lambertine von Méricourt'' (1850), and ''[[Ferdinand von Schill]]'' (1851), as well as in his first collection of poems, ''Gedichte'' (1850), and in a lyric epic, ''Die Göttin, ein hohes Lied vom Weibe'' (1853).

In 1852 he married Marie, baroness von Seherr-Thoss, and for the next few years lived in [[Silesia]]. From this time on, his work became more serene in temper and style.  An epic, ''Carlo Zeno'', was followed by a very successful historical comedy (after the style of [[Eugène Scribe|Scribe]]), ''Pitt und Fox'' (1854), and this by literary and historical studies, whose final titles were:  ''Die deutsche National Litteratur des XIX. Jahrhunderts'' (1892) and ''Poetik: Die Dichtkunst und ihre Formen'' (1858).

In 1862 he took over the editorship of a newspaper, but in 1864 moved to Leipzig. Gottschall was raised, in 1877, by the king of Prussia to the hereditary nobility with the prefix "von," having been previously made a ''Geheimer Hofrat'' by the Grand Duke of Weimar. Down to 1887 Gottschall edited the ''Brockhaussche Blätter für litterarische Unterhaltung'' and the monthly periodical ''Unsere Zeit''. He died at Leipzig.

Gottschall was also a noted [[chess]] player. The ''Deutschen Schachbund'' (DSB) was founded in Leipzig on 18 July 1877 by athletes and intellectuals such as [[Adolf Anderssen]], Rudolf Gottschall, Hermann Zwanziger, [[Max Lange]] and [[Carl Göring]]. When the next meeting took place on 15 July 1879 in Leipzig (the 1st [[DSB Congress]]), sixty-two clubs had become member of the German Chess Federation (DSB). Hofrat von Gottschall became Chairman and Zwanziger the General Secretary.

==Works==
Gottschall's prolific literary productions cover the fields of poetry, novel-writing and literary criticism. Among his volumes of lyric poetry are ''Sebastopol'' (1856), ''Janus'' (1873), ''Bunte Blüten'' (1891). Among his epics, ''Carlo Zeno'' (1854), ''Maja'' (1864), dealing with an episode in the [[Indian Mutiny]], and ''Merlins Wanderungen'' (1887). ''Pitt und Fox'' (1854) was never surpassed by his other lighter dramas, among which may be mentioned ''Die Welt des Schwindels'' and ''Der Spion von Rheinsberg''. The tragedies, ''Mazeppa'', ''Catharine Howard'', ''Amy Robsart'' and ''Der Gotze von Venedig'', were very successful; and the historical novels, ''Im Banne des schwarzen Adlers'' (1875; 4th ed., 1884), ''Die Erbschaft des Blutes'' (1881), ''Die Tochter [[Rübezahl]]s'' (1889), and ''Verkümmerte Existenzen'' (1892), enjoyed a high degree of popularity.  His ''Die deutsche Nationalliteratur des 19. Jahrhunderts'' (1855), and ''Poetik'' (1858) commanded the respect of all students of literature.  Of his many novels, the first, ''Im Baune des schwarzen Adlers'' (1876), is considered by many critics his best. Gottschall was active as an editor and compiler of [[Anthology|anthologies]].

Gottschall's collected ''Dramatische Werke'' appeared in 12 vols. in 1880 (2nd ed., 1884); he also later published many volumes of collected essays and criticisms. See his [[autobiography]], ''Aus meiner Jugend'' (1898).

==References==
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Gottschall, Rudolf von|volume= 12 | page = 279}}
* {{NIE}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Gutenberg author | id=37635| name=Rudolf von Gottschall}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Rudolf von Gottschall}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gottschall, Rudolf}}
[[Category:1823 births]]
[[Category:1909 deaths]]
[[Category:German untitled nobility]]
[[Category:German autobiographers]]
[[Category:German literary historians]]
[[Category:German literary critics]]
[[Category:Chess players from Wrocław]]
[[Category:Writers from the Province of Silesia]]
[[Category:University of Königsberg alumni]]
[[Category:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni]]
[[Category:German male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:19th-century German dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:19th-century German male writers]]
[[Category:German male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:19th-century German chess players]]
[[Category:19th-century German sportsmen]]
[[Category:Historians from the Kingdom of Prussia]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from the Kingdom of Prussia]]