Editing Royal Borough of Greenwich

{{redirect|Borough of Greenwich|the borough between 1900 and 1965|Metropolitan Borough of Greenwich}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                            = <!-- at least one of the first two fields must be filled in -->
| official_name                   = Royal Borough of Greenwich
| other_name                      = 
| settlement_type                 = [[London boroughs|London borough]], [[royal borough]]
<!-- transliteration(s) -------->
<!-- images, nickname, motto --->
| image_skyline                   = 
| imagesize                       = 270px
| image_alt                       = 
| image_caption                   = 
| image_shield                    = Coat of arms of the London Borough of Greenwich.svg
| shield_size                     = 100px
| shield_alt                      = 
| shield_link                     = Coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich
| image_blank_emblem              = RB Greenwich.svg
| blank_emblem_type               = Council logo
| blank_emblem_size               = 150px
| blank_emblem_alt                = 
| blank_emblem_link               = 
| motto                           = We Govern by Serving
<!-- maps and coordinates ------>
| image_map                       = Greenwich UK locator map.svg
| map_alt                         = 
| map_caption                     = Greenwich shown within [[Greater London]]
| coor_pinpoint                   = <!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) -->
| coordinates                     = 
| coordinates_footnotes           = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
<!-- location ------------------>
| subdivision_type                = [[List of sovereign states|Sovereign state]]
| subdivision_name                = [[United Kingdom]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[Country of the United Kingdom|Constituent country]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[England]]
| subdivision_type3               = [[Regions of England|Region]]
| subdivision_name3               = [[Greater London|London]]
| subdivision_type4               = [[Ceremonial counties of England|Ceremonial county]]
| subdivision_name4               = [[Greater London]]
| established_title               = Created
| established_date                = 1 April 1965
| established_title1              = 
| established_date1               = 
| named_for                       = <!-- seat, smaller parts -->
| seat_type                       = Admin HQ
| seat                            = [[Woolwich]]
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| government_footnotes            = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| government_type                 = [[London borough council]]
| governing_body                  = [[Greenwich London Borough Council]]
| leader_title2                   = London&nbsp;Assembly
| leader_name2                    = [[Len Duvall]] (Labour) AM for [[Greenwich and Lewisham (London Assembly constituency)|Greenwich and Lewisham]]
| leader_title3                   = [[List of MPs elected in the 2017 United Kingdom general election|MPs]]
| leader_name3                    = [[Abena Oppong-Asare]] (Labour)<br />[[Clive Efford]] (Labour)<br />[[Matthew Pennycook]] (Labour)
| leader_title4                   = 
| leader_name4                    = 
<!-- display settings  --------->
| total_type                      = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| unit_pref                       = <!-- enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric -->
<!-- area ---------------------->
| area_footnotes                  = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_magnitude                  = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink -->
| area_total_km2                  = 47.35
| area_total_sq_mi                = <!-- see table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details -->
| area_total_dunam                = <!-- used in Middle East articles only -->
| area_land_km2                   = 
| area_land_sq_mi                 = 
| area_water_km2                  = 
| area_water_sq_mi                = 
| area_water_percent              = 
| area_urban_footnotes            = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_urban_km2                  = 
| area_urban_sq_mi                = 
| area_rural_footnotes            = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_rural_km2                  = 
| area_rural_sq_mi                = 
| area_metro_footnotes            = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_metro_km2                  = 
| area_metro_sq_mi                = 
| area_rank                       = {{English district area rank|ONS=00AL|GSS=E09000011}} [[List of English districts by area|(of {{English district total}})]]
| area_blank1_title               = 
| area_blank1_km2                 = 
| area_blank1_sq_mi               = 
| area_blank2_title               = 
| area_blank2_km2                 = 
| area_blank2_sq_mi               = 
<!-- population ---------------->
| population_footnotes            = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| population_total                = {{English district population|ONS=00AL|GSS=E09000011}}
| population_as_of                = {{United Kingdom statistics year}}
| population_rank                 = {{English district rank|ONS=00AL|GSS=E09000011}} [[List of English districts by population|(of {{English district total}})]]
| population_density_km2          = auto
| population_density_sq_mi        = 
| population_blank2_title         = 
| population_blank2               = 
| population_demonym              = <!-- time zone(s) -------------->
| timezone                        = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
| utc_offset                      = ±00:00{{!}}UTC
| timezone_DST                    = [[British Summer Time|BST]]
| utc_offset_DST                  = +1
<!-- postal codes, area code --->
| postal_code_type                = [[Postcodes in the United Kingdom|Postcodes]]
| postal_code                     = {{postcode|SE}}, {{postcode|DA}}, {{postcode|BR}}
| area_code_type                  = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) -->
| area_code                       = [[:020]]
| geocode                         = 
| iso_code                        = GB-GRE
| registration_plate              = <!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| blank1_name                     = [[ONS coding system|ONS code]]
| blank1_info                     = 00AL
| blank2_name                     = [[GSS coding system|GSS code]]
| blank2_info                     = E09000011
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->
| blank_name_sec2                 = [[List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom|Police]]
| blank_info_sec2                 = [[Metropolitan Police]]
<!-- website, footnotes -------->
| website                         = {{URL|https://www.royalgreenwich.gov.uk/}}
| footnotes                       = 
}}

The '''Royal Borough of Greenwich''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-uk-LBGreenwich.ogg|ˈ|ɡ|r|ɛ|n|ɪ|tʃ}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|r|ɪ|n|ɪ|dʒ}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|r|ɪ|n|ɪ|tʃ}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|r|ɛ|n|ɪ|dʒ}})<ref>{{OED|Greenwich}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (David Jones)|year=2011|editor1-first=Peter|editor1-last=Roach|editor2-first=Jane|editor2-last=Setter|editor3-first=John|editor3-last=Esling|edition=18th|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> is a [[London boroughs|London borough]] in southeast [[Greater London]], England. The London Borough of Greenwich was formed in 1965 by the [[London Government Act 1963]]. The new borough covered the former area of the [[Metropolitan Borough of Greenwich]] and most of the [[Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich]] to the east. The local council is [[Greenwich London Borough Council]] which meets in [[Woolwich Town Hall]].

Greenwich is the location of the [[Prime meridian (Greenwich)|Greenwich prime meridian]], on which all [[Coordinated Universal Time]] is based. The prime meridian running through Greenwich, and the [[Greenwich Observatory]] is where the designation [[Greenwich Mean Time]], or [[GMT]] began, and on which all world times are based. In 2012, Greenwich was listed as a top ten global destination by [[Frommer's]] – the only UK destination to be listed.

To mark the [[Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II]], Greenwich became a [[List of UK place names with royal patronage#Royal Borough|Royal Borough]] on 3 February 2012, due in part to its historic links with the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|royal family]], but also to its [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] status as home of the Prime Meridian.

==History==
The area of the modern borough had historically been part of the county of [[Kent]]. From 1856 the area was governed by the [[Metropolitan Board of Works]], which was established to provide services across the [[metropolis]] of London.<ref>[[Metropolis Management Act 1855]] (18 & 19 Vict. c. 120)</ref> In 1889 the Metropolitan Board of Works' area was made the [[County of London]]. From 1856 until 1900 the lower tier of local government within the metropolis comprised various [[List of London vestries and district boards|parish vestries and district boards]]. In 1900 the lower tier was reorganised into [[Metropolitan boroughs of the County of London|metropolitan boroughs]], two of which were called [[Metropolitan Borough of Greenwich|Greenwich]] and [[Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich|Woolwich]].<ref>[[London Government Act 1899]] (62 & 63 Vict. c. 14)</ref>

The London Borough of Greenwich was created in 1965 under the [[London Government Act 1963]]. It covered the combined area of the two metropolitan boroughs of Greenwich and Woolwich, with the exception that [[North Woolwich]], on the north side of the [[River Thames]], went instead to the [[London Borough of Newham]].<ref>{{cite book | first=Frederic |last=Youngs | title=Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England | volume=I: Southern England | year=1979 | publisher=[[Royal Historical Society]] | location=London | isbn=0-901050-67-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=London Government Act 1963 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1963/33 |publisher=The National Archives |access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref>

The name '[[Charlton, London|Charlton]]' was briefly considered as the name for the new borough.<ref>"Names for Nine New Boroughs of London" The Times, 14 September 1963</ref> Greenwich Council applied for city status in 2002, but was turned down.<ref>{{cite news |title=Five new cities creates row |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1872577.stm |access-date=7 September 2023 |work=BBC News |date=14 March 2002}}</ref>

In 2012, to mark the [[Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II]], the borough was given the additional honorific status of being a [[royal borough]], in recognition of the area's historic links with the Royal Family and its status as home of the Prime Meridian and as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.<ref name="royal">{{cite web | url=http://www.greenwich.gov.uk/Greenwich/LeisureCulture/RoyalGreenwich/RoyalGreenwich.htm | title=Greenwich to become Royal Borough | date=5 January 2010 | access-date=5 January 2010 | publisher=Greenwich London Borough Council | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108082815/http://www.greenwich.gov.uk/Greenwich/LeisureCulture/RoyalGreenwich/RoyalGreenwich.htm | archive-date=8 January 2010 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greenwich.gov.uk/press/article/61/greenwich_to_become_royal_borough_on_3_february|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120801174359/http://www.greenwich.gov.uk/press/article/61/greenwich_to_become_royal_borough_on_3_february|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 August 2012|title=Greenwich to become Royal Borough on 3 February|date=9 January 2012|publisher=Greenwich Council|access-date=14 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=60205|page=13300|date=11 July 2012}}</ref>

==Geography==
The borough lies along the south bank of the [[River Thames]] between [[Deptford]] and [[Thamesmead]]. It has an area of 5,044 hectares. Because of the bends of the river, its waterfront is as long as 8.5 miles. Travelling south away from the waterfront, the ground rises: Shooters Hill in the east and the high ground of Blackheath in the west bookend the borough, Eltham to the south of these hills falls away slightly.

Greenwich is bounded by the London Boroughs of Bexley to the east, Bromley to the south, Lewisham to the west and across the River Thames to the north lie Tower Hamlets, Newham and Barking and Dagenham.

==Governance==
{{main|Greenwich London Borough Council}}
[[File:2016 Woolwich, Bathway Quarter, Town Hall 2.jpg|thumb|[[Woolwich Town Hall]], the meeting place of Greenwich London Borough Council]]
The local authority is Greenwich Council, which meets at Woolwich Town Hall and has its main offices at the adjoining Woolwich Centre.

Shaped like an astrolabe, the 18-carat gold badge on the mayor's chain depicts the [[time-ball]] on the principal building of the old Greenwich Royal Observatory, the [[Prime Meridian|meridian line]], and lines of latitude and longitude. The ‘time-ball’ is set with small rubies.

===Greater London representation===
Since 2000, for elections to the [[London Assembly]], the borough forms part of the [[Greenwich and Lewisham (London Assembly constituency)|Greenwich and Lewisham]] constituency.

===UK parliament===
The borough contains the constituencies of:
* [[Eltham (UK Parliament constituency)|Eltham]]
* [[Erith and Thamesmead (UK Parliament constituency)|Erith and Thamesmead]] (shared with the [[London Borough of Bexley]])
* [[Greenwich and Woolwich (UK Parliament constituency)|Greenwich and Woolwich]]

All three have represented by [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MPs continuously since the 1997 General Election.

==Demographics==
[[File:Greenwich population pyramid.svg|thumb|Population pyramid of Greenwich in 2021]]
The borough's population in 2011 was 254,557.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-wards-and-output-areas-in-england-and-wales/rft---qs211ew-wm.xls|title=Cenus Statistics|publisher=Office of National Statistics}}</ref> 52.3% of the community defined themselves as [[White British]]. The largest minority groups represented were of Black and Asian heritage.

Approximately 44,500 international migrants arrived in the Royal Borough between the years 2001 and 2011.<ref name="greenwichjsna1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.greenwichjsna.org/app/uploads/2015/08/Demography_JSNA-1.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 December 2019 |archive-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208175800/http://www.greenwichjsna.org/app/uploads/2015/08/Demography_JSNA-1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Of these, 25% arrived from EU member states, 24.5% arrived from central and western Africa, and 18.9% arrived from southern Asia.<ref name="greenwichjsna1"/> The most common country of birth in this period was [[Nigeria]].<ref name="greenwichjsna1"/>

The Royal Borough in 2015 had a general fertility rate of 72.7 live births per 1,000 aged 15–44, higher than the London average of 63.9 and the England average of 62.5.<ref name="greenwichjsna1"/>

{{Historical populations
| title= Population census
| percentages = 
| 1801 |16866
| 1811 |20900
| 1821 |25208
| 1831 |30113
| 1841 |38284
| 1851 |52190
| 1861 |74801
| 1871 |97413
| 1881 |120024
| 1891 |174316
| 1901 |185062
| 1911 |196471
| 1921 |213562
| 1931 |232142
| 1941 |227864
| 1951 |223674
| 1961 |220305
| 1971 |216993
| 1981 |209868
| 1991 |213488
| 2001 |214540
| 2011 |254557
|footnote=Note:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TPop&u_id=10057346&c_id=10001043&add=N|title=Greenwich: Total Population |access-date=6 September 2011 |work=A Vision of Britain Through Time |publisher=Great Britain Historical GIS Project }}</ref>
|2021|289100}}

===Ethnicity===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
! rowspan="3" |Ethnic Group
! colspan="12" |Year
|-
! colspan="2" |1971 estimations<ref>{{Cite web |title=Migration and London's growth |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/74375221.pdf#page=94 |publisher=LSE}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1981 estimations<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1985 |title=Ethnic minorities in Britain: statistical information on the pattern of settlement |url=https://jstor.org/stable/community.28327806 |journal=Commission for Racial Equality |language=English |pages=Table 2.2|last1= Equality|first1= Commission for Racial}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1991<ref>{{cite web |title=1991 census – theme tables |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/query/asv2htm.aspx |access-date=20 January 2017 |publisher=NOMIS |archive-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930205650/https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/query/asv2htm.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2001<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/query/construct/submit.asp?forward=yes&menuopt=201&subcomp= |title=KS006 – Ethnic group  |publisher=NOMIS |access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/QS201EW/view/1946157259?cols=measures |title=Ethnic Group by measures |publisher=NOMIS |access-date=8 January 2016}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2021<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethnic group – Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS021/editions/2021/versions/1/filter-outputs/d2f0a39a-75b6-4995-b4bd-a5b68ff79027#get-data |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]: Total
!–
!96.3%
!190,718
!92%
!181,193
!87.3%
!165,357
!77.1%
!159,002
!62.5%
!161,006
!55.7%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | White: [[White British|British]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 151,291 || 70.6% || 133,130 || 52.3%
|119,665
|41.4%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | White: [[White Irish|Irish]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 4,871 || % || 4,291 || 1.7%
|4,230
|1.5%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | White: [[White Gypsy or Irish Traveller|Gypsy or Irish Traveller]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–||  –||  –|| 430 || 0.2%
|385
|0.1%
|-
|White: Roma
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|882
|0.3%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | White: [[Other White|Other]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 9,195 ||4.2% || 21,581 || 8.3%
|35,844
|12.4%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[British Asian|Asian or Asian British]]: Total 
!–
!–
!–
!–
!12,765
!6.14%!! 17,118 !! 7.98% !! 29,894 !! 11.7%
!38,028
!13.1%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: [[British Indians|Indian]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|7,107
|3.4%|| 9,389 || % || 7,836 || 3.1%
|10,128
|3.5%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|1,251
| || 1,909 || % || 2,594 || 1.0%
|3,538
|1.2%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: [[British Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|381
| || 1,236 || % || 1,645 || 0.6%
|2,395
|0.8%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: [[British Chinese|Chinese]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|1,681
| || 2,540 || % || 5,061 || 2.0%
|7,125
|2.5%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: Other Asian 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|2,345
| || 2,044 || % || 12,758 || 5.0%
|14,842
|5.1%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Black British people|Black or Black British]]: Total  
!–
!–
!–
!–
!11,119
!5.35%!! 23,787 !! 11.1% !! 48,655 !! 19.1%
!60,602
!21%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|African]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|3,903
| 1.87%|| 15,312 ||7.3% || 35,164 || 13.8%
|44,185
|15.3%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|Caribbean]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|5,148
|2.47%|| 6,782 || % || 8,051 || 3.2%
|8,724
|3.0%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Black or Black British: [[Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom|Other Black]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|2,068
| || 1,693 || % || 5,440 || 2.1%
|7,693
|2.7%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed or British Mixed]]: Total 
!–
!–
!–
!–
!–
!–!! 5,850 !! 2.7% !! 12,274 !! 4.8%
!17,297
!6%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Mixed: White and Black Caribbean 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 2,175 || % || 4,011 || 1.6%
|5,142
|1.8%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Mixed: White and Black African 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 933 || % || 2,699 || 1.1%
|3,302
|1.1%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Mixed: White and Asian 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 1,353 || % || 2,361 || 0.9%
|3,491
|1.2%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Mixed: Other Mixed 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 1,389 || % || 3,203  || 1.3%
|5,362
|1.9%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | Other: Total 
!–
!–
!–
!–
!2573
!1.23%!! 2,378 !! 1.1% !! 4,732 !! 1.9%
!12,132
!4.2%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Other: Arab 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–||  –||  –|| 1,069 || 0.4%
|1,462
|0.5%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Other: Any other ethnic group 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|2573
|1.23%|| 2,378 ||1.1% || 3,663 || 1.4%
|10,670
|3.7%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | Ethnic minority: Total 
!–
!3.7%
!16,519
!8%
!26,457
!12.74%!! 49,133 !! 22.29% !! 95,555 !! 37.5%
!128,059
!44.3%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align:left" | Total 
!–
!100%
!207,237
!100%
!207,650
!100%!! 214,490 !! 100.00% !! 254,557 !! 100.00%
!289,065
!100%
|}

===Landmarks===
[[File:Greenwich P.JPG|left|thumb|514px|The [[Royal Observatory, Greenwich|Royal Observatory]] at left and the [[Queen's House]] right of centre]]
Central Greenwich Town contains a UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]] centred on [[Christopher Wren]]'s [[Old Royal Naval College|Royal Naval College]] and the [[Royal Observatory, Greenwich|Old Royal Observatory]].
{{Clear}}

==Education==
===Schools===
{{Main|List of schools in the London Borough of Greenwich}}

===Further education===
[[Greenwich Community College]] is the main publicly funded provider of [[further education]] in the borough, offering a range of academic and vocational courses and qualifications. [[Anglian College London]] is a private college offering further and higher education courses to students from around London and overseas. In September 2013, The Royal Borough of Greenwich Equestrian Centre – a partnership between [[Hadlow College]] and the Royal Borough of Greenwich – opened. At present it offers Level 1 and Level 2 qualifications in horse care, as well as a range of part-time qualifications and a BSc (Hons) degree in Equine Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation.

===Universities===
The [[University of Greenwich]] main campus is located in the distinctive buildings of the former [[Old Royal Naval College|Royal Naval College]]. There is a further campus of the university at Avery Hill in [[Eltham]], and also, outside the borough, in [[Medway]]. The Faculty of Music of [[Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance]] (formerly known as Trinity College of Music) is also housed in the buildings of the former [[Greenwich Hospital (London)|Greenwich Hospital]].
Ravensbourne University opened its new campus in September 2010 and is located next to The O2 on [[Greenwich Peninsula]].<ref>http://ravensbourne.ac.uk {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>

==Sport within the borough==
Greenwich Council owns many sports centres and these are operated by [[Greenwich Leisure Limited]] (GLL). They also run an outdoor swimming pool, [[Charlton Lido]].

The largest football club in the borough is [[Charlton Athletic F.C.]], a professional club playing in the [[EFL League One]], There are three [[non-League football]] clubs, [[Bridon Ropes F.C.]] and [[Meridian F.C.]], who both play in Charlton at Meridian Sports & Social Club and [[Cray Valley Paper Mills F.C.]] who play in Eltham at Badgers Sports Ground. There are several [[Rugby union|rugby]] clubs, most notably [[Blackheath F.C.]], who played at [[Rectory Field]] for 158 years, moving to Eltham in 2016. [[Blackheath Cricket Club]] still plays at Rectory Field.

Greenwich was one of the five host boroughs for the [[2012 Summer Olympics]] and hosted 34 events in nine sports at three venues across the borough.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.greenwich.gov.uk/info/200131/greenwich_2012_community/1031/whats_in_store_for_greenwich_in_2012 |title=A thrilling year ahead - What's in store for Greenwich in 2012 - Greenwich |access-date=16 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123101031/http://www.greenwich.gov.uk/info/200131/greenwich_2012_community/1031/whats_in_store_for_greenwich_in_2012 |archive-date=23 January 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[Greenwich Park]] hosted equestrian events and [[modern pentathlon]]; the [[Royal Artillery Barracks]] in Woolwich hosted shooting events; and [[The O2 Arena (London)|The O2 arena]] hosted gymnastics and basketball finals.

==Transport==
===River crossings===
There are foot tunnels under the [[River Thames]] between Greenwich and [[Island Gardens]] in the [[London Borough of Tower Hamlets]] and between Woolwich and [[North Woolwich]] in the [[London Borough of Newham]]. The [[Woolwich Ferry]] takes vehicle traffic and links the [[A406 road|North Circular Road]] to the [[A205 road|South Circular Road]] which runs through the borough. A [[Thames Cable Car|cable car]] crossing linking [[Greenwich Peninsula]] to the [[Royal Docks]] opened on 28 June 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Thames cable car in London opens for passengers|work=BBC News |date=27 June 2012 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18619936|access-date=28 June 2012}}</ref>

==== River transport ====
The [[Thames Clippers]] commuter ferry service runs from Woolwich to [[Canary Wharf]] and [[The City of London|the City]].

===Railway stations===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
* [[Abbey Wood railway station|Abbey Wood]]
* [[Blackheath railway station|Blackheath]]
* [[Charlton (London) railway station|Charlton]]
* [[Eltham railway station|Eltham]]
* [[Greenwich railway station|Greenwich]]
* [[Kidbrooke railway station|Kidbrooke]]
* [[Maze Hill railway station|Maze Hill]]
* [[Mottingham railway station|Mottingham]]
* [[New Eltham railway station|New Eltham]]
* [[Plumstead railway station|Plumstead]]
* [[Westcombe Park railway station|Westcombe Park]]
* [[Woolwich railway station|Woolwich]]
* [[Woolwich Arsenal railway station|Woolwich Arsenal]]
* [[Woolwich Dockyard railway station|Woolwich Dockyard]]
}}
All stations except Woolwich are served by [[Southeastern (train operating company)|Southeastern]]. Woolwich is served by the [[Elizabeth line]]. Abbey Wood is served by both.

===Tube/DLR stations===
The only [[London Underground]] station in the borough is [[North Greenwich tube station|North Greenwich]] on the [[Jubilee line]]. It was opened in 1999 and it is close to the [[Millennium Dome]], which is now [[The O2|The O<sub>2</sub>]]. The [[Docklands Light Railway|DLR]] serves Greenwich more extensively and a list of the stations is below:

* [[Cutty Sark DLR station|Cutty Sark]] ([[Docklands Light Railway|DLR]])
* [[Deptford Bridge DLR station|Deptford Bridge]] ([[Docklands Light Railway|DLR]])
* [[Elverson Road DLR station|Elverson Road]] ([[Docklands Light Railway|DLR]])
* [[Greenwich railway station|Greenwich]] ([[Docklands Light Railway|DLR]])
* [[Woolwich Arsenal railway station|Woolwich Arsenal]] ([[Docklands Light Railway|DLR]])

===Travel to work===
In March 2011, the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were driving a car or van, 17.5% of all residents aged 16–74; train, 10.2%; bus, minibus or coach, 10.2%; underground, metro, light rail, tram, 9.7%; on foot, 4.1%; work mainly at or from home, 2.5%; and bicycle, 1.5%.<ref>{{cite web|title=2011 Census: QS701EW Method of travel to work, local authorities in England and Wales|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-wards-and-output-areas-in-england-and-wales/rft-qs701ew.xls|publisher=Office for National Statistics|access-date=23 November 2013}} Percentages are of all residents aged 16–74 including those not in employment. Respondents could only pick one mode, specified as the journey’s longest part by distance.</ref>

==Economy==
===Tourism===
[[File:Tourists at the Prime Meridian 2.jpg|thumb|Tourists at the [[Prime Meridian (Greenwich)|Prime Meridian]], [[Greenwich Observatory]]]]
Tourism is becoming an increasingly important factor in Greenwich's economy. In 2015, 18.5 million people were expected to visit the borough for a day or more, generating over £1.2 billion; this figure was expected to increase by more than 25% by 2018. Evidence of the tourism boom included the construction of a 452-room [[InterContinental Hotels Group|InterContinental Hotel]] near the O2 Arena (opening in 2015). Apart from the many museums and historic buildings in Greenwich town and [[Greenwich Park]], the main tourist attractions are the ''[[Cutty Sark]]'', [[The O2 Arena]], the [[London Cable Car]], [[Eltham Palace]] (which expected over 100,000 visitors in 2015), [[Charlton House]] and the [[Thames Barrier]]. In addition, the [[Royal Arsenal]] in Woolwich is starting to promote itself as a tourist attraction.<ref>''Greenwich Time'', No. 367, 29 September 2015, pp. 1, 4 ([http://edition.pagesuite-professional.co.uk//launch.aspx?eid=71165548-6cd4-45ad-8472-5de6d3b28245 online text])</ref>

==Places==
{{Main|List of districts in Greenwich}}

===Parks and open spaces===
{{Main|Greenwich parks and open spaces}}
The borough contains the [[Greenwich Park|Greenwich]] [[Royal Parks|Royal Park]]. A small part of the [[Metropolitan Green Belt]] is within the borough.

===Entertainment district===
[[The O2 (London)|The O2]] (formerly the [[Millennium Dome]]) is located on the [[Greenwich Peninsula]]. It includes an [[indoor arena]], a music club, a [[Cineworld]] cinema, an exhibition space, [[Town square|piazzas]], bars, and restaurants.

==Religion==

The following table shows the religious identity of residents residing in Greenwich according to the 2021 census.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Religion
!colspan="2"|2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS030/editions/2021/versions/1|title=Religion - Religion by local authorities, ONS}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Christianity|Christian]] || 129,112 || 44.7
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Islam|Muslim]] || 24,715 || 8.5
|-
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Judaism|Jewish]] || 603|| 0.2
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Hinduism|Hindu]] || 11,647 || 4.0
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Sikhism|Sikh]] || 3,229 || 1.1
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Buddhist|Buddhism]] || 5,034 || 1.7
|-
|style="text-align:left" | Other religion || 1,802 || 0.6
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Irreligion|No religion]] || 94,208 || 32.7
|-
|style="text-align:left" | Religion not stated || 18,716 || 6.5
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
|style="text-align:left" | Total || 289,068 || 100.0 
|}

==Coat of arms==
{{Main|Coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich}}
Arms were originally granted to the London Borough by [[letters patent]] dated 1 October 1965.<ref>{{cite book |last=Briggs |first= Geoffrey |title=Civic and Corporate Heraldry: A Dictionary of Impersonal Arms of England, Wales and Northern Ireland |year=1971 |publisher=Heraldry Today |location=London |isbn=0-900455-21-7 |pages=184–185}}</ref> Although much of the 1965 design has been retained, the arms have been altered in 2012 by the addition of a representation of the [[River Thames|Thames]]. In addition a crest and supporters were added to the arms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greenwich.gov.uk/info/200064/local_history_and_heritage/1053/greenwichs_royal_crest|title=The borough's coat of arms and crest|publisher=Greenwich Council|access-date=16 January 2012}}</ref>
{{clear}}

[[File:2016 Woolwich, General Gorden Square, Berlin Bear 2.jpg|thumb|The Woolwich [[United Buddy Bears|Buddy Bear]]]]

==Twinning==
The Royal Borough of Greenwich is twinned with:
* [[Reinickendorf]], Berlin, Germany (since 1965). The initiative of the twinning with this Berlin borough dates from the times of the [[Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich]]. A London telephone box and a red pillar box beside [[Lake Tegel]] were gifted by Greenwich borough. A Berlin [[United Buddy Bears|Buddy Bear]] in General Gordon Square (Woolwich) commemorates the 50th anniversary of the twinning.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.royalgreenwich.gov.uk/info/200096/tourism_and_travel/49/town_twinning|title=Town twinning|website=Royal Borough of Greenwich website|access-date=11 July 2017}}</ref>
* [[Maribor]], Slovenia (since 1966).<ref name=":0" /> The 50th anniversary of the town twinning with Slovenia's second largest city was celebrated with a ballet performance in [[Woolwich Town Hall]] and the revealing of a plaque in the renamed Maribor Park in the [[Royal Arsenal]].<ref>[https://www.londonnewsonline.co.uk/24854/ballet-new-park-greenwich-celebrates-50-year-twinning-maribor 'Ballet and new park as Greenwich celebrates 50 year twinning with Maribor'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528191924/https://www.londonnewsonline.co.uk/24854/ballet-new-park-greenwich-celebrates-50-year-twinning-maribor/ |date=28 May 2017 }}, ''londonnewsonline.co.uk'', 26 May 2017.</ref>
* [[Tema]], Ghana (since 2000). The town twinning with Tema has led to the opening of Tema's first Information Technology Centre (by the [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Duke of Edinburgh]] in 2000), the gifting of a mobile ICT learning centre to Tema (2005), the shipping of a converted Greenwich council passenger services bus, packed with books for school libraries and second-hand computers, as well as regular youth exchanges between Greenwich and Tema.<ref name=":0" />

==See also==
*[[Greenwich parks and open spaces]]
*[[Grade I and II* listed buildings in the Royal Borough of Greenwich]]
*[[List of public art in the Royal Borough of Greenwich]]
*[[Greenwich Heritage Centre]]
*[[University of Greenwich]]

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070808005417/http://londonremade.com/mgpc2.asp "The Mayor's Green Procurement Code"], ''Level A1''. Retrieved 26 September 2007.

== External links ==
* [http://www.greenwich.gov.uk Greenwich Council]
* [http://www.greenwichconservatives.com Greenwich Conservatives]
* [http://www.gwlp.org/ Greenwich and Woolwich Labour Party]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100420102837/http://greenwich-libdems.org.uk/ Greenwich Liberal Democrats]
* [http://www.elthamlabour.org.uk Eltham Labour Party]
* [http://www.cliveefford.org.uk/ MP Clive Efford]
* [http://www.royalgreenwich.gov.uk/info/643/young_peoples_organised_activities/754/greenwich_young_peoples_council/ Greenwich Young Peoples Council]
* [http://www.trinitylaban.ac.uk/ Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance]

{{Schools and colleges in Greenwich}}
{{LB Greenwich}}
{{London}}
{{Authority control}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:London Borough Of Greenwich}}
[[Category:Royal Borough of Greenwich| ]]
[[Category:London boroughs|Greenwich]]
[[Category:Local authorities adjoining the River Thames|Greenwich]]
[[Category:1965 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Places with royal patronage in London]]