Editing Roxbury, Vermont

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
<!-- Infobox begins. Additional parameter fields maybe available at Template:Infobox settlement -->
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Roxbury, Vermont
|other_name               =
|native_name              = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
|nickname                 =
|settlement_type          = Town
|motto                    =
|image_skyline            = Roxbury_library_vermont.jpg
|imagesize                =
|image_caption            = Roxbury Free Public Library
|image_flag               =
|flag_size                =
|image_seal               =
|seal_size                =
|image_shield             =
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|image_blank_emblem       =
|blank_emblem_size        =
|image_map                = Washington County Vermont Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Roxbury highlighted.svg
|map_caption              = Location in Washington County and the state of Vermont
|image_map1               = Map of USA VT.svg
|map_caption1             = Location of Vermont with the U.S.A.
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Vermont]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Vermont|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Washington County, Vermont|Washington]]
|subdivision_type3        =
|subdivision_name3        =
|subdivision_type4        =
|subdivision_name4        =
|parts_type               = Communities
|parts                    = {{ubl|Roxbury|East Roxbury|Roxbury Flat}}
|government_footnotes     =
|government_type          =
|leader_title             =
|leader_name              =
|leader_title1            = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
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|leader_title2            =
|leader_name2             =
|leader_title3            =
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|leader_title4            =
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|established_title        = Chartered
|established_date         = 1781 (Vermont)
|area_magnitude           =
|unit_pref                =  Imperial
|area_footnotes           =
|area_total_km2           = 108.3
|area_land_km2            = 108.2
|area_water_km2           = 0.1
|area_total_sq_mi         = 41.8
|area_land_sq_mi          = 41.8
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.04
|area_water_percent       =
|population_as_of         = 2020
|population_footnotes     =
|population_note          =
|population_total         = 678
|population_density_sq_mi = 6.3
|timezone                 = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
|utc_offset               = -5
|timezone_DST             = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
|utc_offset_DST           = -4
|coordinates              = {{coord|44|4|20|N|72|43|42|W|region:US-VT|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes      = <!--for references: use <ref> tags-->
|elevation_m              = 495
|elevation_ft             = 1007
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP Code]]s
|postal_code              = 05669 (Roxbury)<br/>05060 ([[Randolph, Vermont|Randolph]])<br/>05663 ([[Northfield, Vermont|Northfield]])
|area_code                = [[Area code 802|802]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 50-60625<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 1462190<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=January 31, 2008|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=October 25, 2007}}</ref>
|website                  =
|footnotes                =
}}
<!-- Infobox ends -->

'''Roxbury''' is a [[New England town|town]] in [[Washington County, Vermont|Washington County]], [[Vermont]], United States, created by Vermont charter on  August 6, 1781. The population was 678 at the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US5002360625|title=Census - Geography Profile: Roxbury town, Washington County, Vermont|access-date=January 4, 2022}}</ref>

==Geography and wildlife==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of 41.8&nbsp;square miles (108.3&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), of which 41.8&nbsp;square miles (108.2&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) is land and 0.04&nbsp;square mile (0.1&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) (0.10%) is water.

Roxbury is the southernmost town of Washington County; it is bordered by [[Northfield, Vermont|Northfield]] (to the north), [[Warren, Vermont|Warren]] (to the west), [[Granville, Vermont|Granville]] (to the south and southwest), [[Braintree, Vermont|Braintree]] (to the southeast), and [[Brookfield, Vermont|Brookfield]] (to the east).<ref>[http://vcgi.vermont.gov/sites/vcgi/files/static_maps/town_county_11_17.pdf Vermont Town and County Boundaries], Vermont Center for Geographic Information, [[Vermont Agency of Commerce and Community Development]] (accessed March 19, 2017); see also Roxbury Town Plan 2014, pp. 5, 48-49.</ref> The town is located some {{convert|25|miles|km}} southwest of [[Montpelier, Vermont|Montpelier]], the state capital.<ref>Lisa A. Phillips, [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/21/greathomesanddestinations/21away.html A Focus on Light and Thrift], ''New York Times'' (November 20, 2008).</ref> Roxbury is bisected by [[Vermont Route 12A]], which runs through the town in a north-south direction.<ref name="VE"/> Roxbury includes the headwaters of the Dog River and [[White River (Vermont)|White River]]; the former flows north into the [[Winooski River]], while the latter flows south into [[Connecticut River]].<ref name="VE"/> The [[List of geographic centers of the United States|geographic center]] of Vermont is located three miles east of Roxbury village.<ref>[https://www2.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=VT Science In Your Backyard: Vermont], [[United States Geological Survey]].</ref>

Roxbury is heavily mountainous and forested,<ref name="VE"/> featuring some of the area's most rugged terrain.<ref name="Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 5">Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 5.</ref> More than 85% of the land surface area of the town is forested, including {{convert|5,500|acre|ha}} of state land and more than {{convert|7,000|acre|ha}} of privately owned land that is enrolled in the state's Use Value Program.<ref name="Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 11">Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 11.</ref>

More than twenty points within the town have an elevation of more than {{convert|2,000|ft|m}}; elevations in the town range from a low of {{convert|880|ft|m}} (along the Third Branch of the White River) to a high of {{convert|3,086|ft|m}} (at the peak of Rice Mountain).<ref name="Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 5"/> Rice Mountain lies in the Northfield range of the [[Green Mountains]] along the western boundary of the town.<ref name="VE"/>

==History==
Roxbury was granted by the [[Vermont General Assembly]] in 1781; its name is likely derived from [[Roxbury, Massachusetts]], which later became part of [[Boston]].<ref name="VE">"Roxbury" in ''The Vermont Encyclopedia'' (eds. John J. Duffy, Samuel B. Hand & Ralph H. Orth: University of Vermont Press, 2003), pp. 253-54.</ref> The town was chartered on August 6, 1781, to Benjamin Edwards and 64 other people, although just 20 of these ever lived in the town. Actual European settlement began in 1789, and the first [[town meeting]] was held in 1797.<ref>Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 3.</ref>

The town grew steadily in the first six decades of the 19th century, growing from 113 residents in 1800 to a peak of 1,060 residents in 1860, on the eve of the [[American Civil War]]. In the war, 94 Roxbury men served; 29 perished. The town's population dropped in the 20th century after [[World War II]], especially after the town's [[marble]] quarries (which opened in 1857) were closed in
1957; the city's population reached a low point in 1970, with just 354 residents.<ref>Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 1, 4.</ref> Subsequently, however, the town has made a rebound, with the population rising to 691 in 2010.<ref name="Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 4">Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 4.</ref>

==Economy==
Historically, Roxbury's economy was highly dependent upon [[resource extraction]]; major economic activities included agriculture, logging, fishing, and quarrying.<ref>Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 1. & 42.</ref> [[Verde Antique]] marble quarrying and [[talc]] mining were historically significant in Roxbury; today, one commercial sand and gravel extraction operation is located in the town.<ref name="Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 11"/> Roxbury's marble quarries opened in 1857 and closed in 1957.<ref name="Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 4"/>

In modern times, 80% of Roxbury workers are employed outside the town.<ref>Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 82.</ref> From the 1970s onward, many Roxbury residents have commuted to [[Montpelier, Vermont|Montpelier]] and [[Barre (city), Vermont|Barre]] for work.<ref>Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 1.</ref><ref name="VE"/>

The [[Central Vermont Public Service Corporation]] and the Washington Electric Co-op are [[Electric utility|electric utilities]] for the town, although some residents live [[off-the-grid]] using [[alternative energy]].<ref name="Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 36">Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 36.</ref>

==Government, law enforcement, and fire protection== 
Town voters elect three members of the [[select board]]. The members of the select board have three-year terms and are responsible for carrying out a variety of duties, including "warning" (posting notice of) [[town meeting]]s; enacting and enforcing town ordinances; proposing a town budget; overseeing town employees; authorizing expenditures; and appointing seven members of the town Planning
Commission. The select board members, together with the local [[justices of the peace]], make up the Board of Civil Authority. The select board is assisted in the administration of town affairs by a town clerk, an assistant town clerk, and a town treasurer; the latter two officials are part-time.<ref name="Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 36"/> Other elected town officials include three listers, who are responsible for [[property tax]] assessments and other duties; three auditors, who prepare an annual Town Report; and three school directors who oversee public education.<ref name="Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 36"/>

Roxbury does not have a police department; the [[Vermont State Police]] enforces laws as needed. Roxbury's town constable lacks [[law enforcement]] authority; rather, the constable "makes occasional checks on seasonal homes and hunting camps, assists the State Police in case of accidents and other emergencies, serves [[subpoena]]s and restraining orders, and receives occasional calls regarding nuisance situations."<ref name="Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 36"/>

Roxbury has a [[volunteer fire department]], which as of 2014 consisted of ten active volunteers.<ref name="Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 36"/>

==Points of interest==
* The [[Roxbury Fish Hatchery|Roxbury State Fish Hatchery]], the state's first [[fish hatchery]],<ref name="Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 12">Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 12.</ref> was built in 1891.<ref name="Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 4"/> The hatchery continued to operate&mdash;and to draw up to 2,800 visitors each summer<ref name="Barnes">Christine Barnes, {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160526112116/http://www.thenorthfieldnews.com/news/2016-05-26/Front_Page/Roxbury_Fish_Hatchery_to_be_Rebuilt.html Roxbury Fish Hatchery to be Rebuilt]}}, ''Northfield News'' (May 26, 2016).</ref>&mdash;until it suffered catastrophic damage from [[Hurricane Irene]] in August 2011.<ref>John Herrick, [https://vtdigger.org/2014/08/28/three-years-irene-fish-hatchery-among-lingering-scars/ Three Years After Irene: Fish Hatchery Among the Lingering Scars], ''VT Digger'' (August 28, 2014).</ref> The state is rebuilding the hatchery.<ref name="Barnes"/>
* Historic cemeteries in the town are several cemeteries include First Settlers, Orcutt, West Hill, Village, East Roxbury and Roxbury Flats.<ref name="Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 12"/>
* The local historical society "is housed in a small building that was for many years the Town Clerk's Office"; its collection includes a variety of historic items.<ref name="Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 30">Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 30.</ref>
* Camp Windridge at Teela Wooket is a privately owned tennis, soccer, and horseback riding camp. The camp was originally established by Claude and Florence Roys in 1913 and initially operated as "an exclusive girls' camp"; the camp was sold in 1989.<ref>Roxbury Town Plan 2014, pp. 4, 30.</ref>
* The Roxbury Free Library, which has about 5,000 volumes.<ref name="Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 30"/>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1800= 113
|1810= 361
|1820= 512
|1830= 737
|1840= 784
|1850= 967
|1860= 1060
|1870= 916
|1880= 938
|1890= 768
|1900= 712
|1910= 618
|1920= 609
|1930= 594
|1940= 554
|1950= 465
|1960= 364
|1970= 354
|1980= 452
|1990= 575
|2000= 576
|2010= 691
|2020= 678
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="VTHistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.vermonthistory.org/explorer|title=Vermont History Explorer|accessdate=August 7, 2015}}</ref>
}}
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 576 people, 227 households, and 163 families residing in the town.  The [[population density]] was 13.8 people per square mile (5.3/km<sup>2</sup>).  There were 362 housing units at an average density of 8.7 per square mile (3.3/km<sup>2</sup>).  The racial makeup of the town was 94.10% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.52% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.04% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.17% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 4.17% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.22% of the population.

There were 227 households, out of which 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.0% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.8% were non-families. 18.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.0% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 31.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.4 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $43,438, and the median income for a family was $44,000. Males had a median income of $26,833 versus $25,750 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $16,880.  About 10.1% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 5.9% of those under age 18 and 12.8% of those age 65 or over.

==Notable people==

* [[Gideon Hixon]], businessman and member of the [[Wisconsin State Legislature]], was born in Roxbury<ref>George Woodward Hotchkiss, ''History of the Lumber and Forest Industry of the Northwest'' (1998), p. 513.</ref>
* [[Ed Pincus]], documentary filmmaker, had a home in Roxbury and died there<ref>William Yardley, [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/08/movies/ed-pincus-documentary-filmmaker-dies-at-75.html Ed Pincus, Documentary Filmmaker, Dies at 75], ''The New York Times'' (November 7, 2013).</ref> 
* [[Francis V. Randall]], [[Union Army]] officer in the [[American Civil War]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Ellis |first=William Arba |date=1898 |title=Norwich University: Her History, Her Graduates, Her Roll of Honor |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UJgaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA115 |location=Concord, NH |publisher=Rumford Press |page=115 |via=[[Google Books]] |ref={{sfnRef|Ellis}}}}</ref>
* [[Zed S. Stanton]], Vermont lieutenant governor and judge, was a lifelong Roxbury resident<ref name="Roxbury Town Plan 2014, p. 4"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://roxburyvt.org Official Town website]
*[http://centralvtplanning.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Roxbury-Town-Plan-2014_full.pdf Roxbury Town Plan 2014: The Geographical Center of Vermont], Central Vermont Regional Planning Commission.

{{Washington County, Vermont}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Roxbury, Vermont| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Vermont]]
[[Category:Towns in Washington County, Vermont]]