Editing Rosidae

{{Short description|Subclass of plants}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
[[File:Meidoornbloesem.jpg|thumb|typical flower]]
Under the [[International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants]] (ICN), '''Rosidae''' is a [[botanical name]] at the [[Taxonomic rank|rank]] of [[Subclass (biology)|subclass]]. [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|Circumscription]] of the subclass will vary with the [[List of systems of plant taxonomy| taxonomic system]] being used; the only requirement being that it includes the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Rosaceae]].

Under [[Phylocode]], '''Rosidae''' is a [[clade]] defined as the most inclusive [[crown clade]] containing ''[[Rosa cinnamomea]]'',<ref>''sensu'' L. 1753 ''non'' L. 1759</ref> but not ''[[Berberidopsis corallina]]'' nor ''[[Dillenia indica]]'' nor ''[[Gunnera manicata]]'' nor ''[[Helianthus annuus]]'' nor ''[[Saxifraga mertensiana]]'' nor ''[[Stellaria media]]'' nor ''[[Viscum album]]''.<ref name="Cantino">{{cite journal | last= Cantino | first= Philip D. |author2=James A. Doyle |author3=Sean W. Graham |author4=Walter S. Judd |author5=Richard G. Olmstead |author6=Douglas E. Soltis |author-link6=Douglas E. Soltis |author7=Pamela S. Soltis |author-link7 = Pamela S. Soltis|author8=Michael J. Donoghue  | year=2007 | title= Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of ''Tracheophyta'' | journal=Taxon | volume=56 | issue=3 | pages=E1–E44 | url = http://www.phylodiversity.net/donoghue/publications/MJD_papers/2007/164_Cantino_Taxon07.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080705223344/http://www.phylodiversity.net/donoghue/publications/MJD_papers/2007/164_Cantino_Taxon07.pdf | url-status = usurped | archive-date = 5 July 2008 | jstor=25065865| doi= 10.1002/tax.563001 }}</ref>

A well-known example of Rosidae as governed by the ICN was in the [[Cronquist system]]. In the 1981, original, version of that system, the circumscription was as follows.<ref name="cronquist1981"> Arthur John Cronquist. 1981. ''An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants''. Columbia University Press: New York, NY, USA.</ref>

* subclass Rosidae
{|
|- valign=top
|
: order [[Rosales]]
: order [[Fabales]]
: order [[Proteales]]
: order [[Myrtales]]
: order [[Rhizophorales]]
: order [[Cornales]]
|
: order [[Santalales]]
: order [[Rafflesiales]]
: order [[Celastrales]]
: order [[Euphorbiales]]
: order [[Rhamnales]]
|
: order [[Linales]]
: order [[Polygalales]]
: order [[Sapindales]]
: order [[Geraniales]]
: order [[Apiales]]
|}

The Phylocode definition includes [[Crossosomatales]], [[Geraniales]], [[Myrtales]], [[Fabidae]] ([[Celastrales]], [[Cucurbitales]], [[Fabales]], [[Fagales]], [[Huaceae]], [[Oxalidales]], [[Malpighiales]], [[Rosales]] and [[Zygophyllales]]), [[Malvidae]] ([[Brassicales]], [[Huerteales]], [[Malvales]], and [[Sapindales]]) as they are defined in the [[APG III system]].<ref name="apgiii">{{cite journal | author = Angiosperm Phylogeny Group | year = 2009 | title = An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III | journal = Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society | volume = 161 | issue = 2| pages = 105–121 | doi = 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x | doi-access = free | hdl = 10654/18083 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>{{verify source|reason=I see no statement in that paper that it has affected Phylocode definitions|date=July 2014}}  This definition was formulated in 2007, and is agnostic on the inclusion or exclusion of [[Picramniales]] and [[Vitales]].<ref name="esuppcantino2007"> Philip D. Cantino, James A. Doyle, Sean W. Graham, Walter S. Judd, Richard G. Olmstead, Douglas E. Soltis, [[Pamela S. Soltis]], and Michael J. Donoghue. 2007. Electronic Supplement: pages E1-E44. To: Cantino et alii. 2007. "Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of ''Tracheophyta''". ''Taxon'' '''56'''(3):822–846. (see ''External links'' below). </ref> Since 2007, the [[Phylogenetic tree| phylogenetic positions]] of Picramniales and Vitales have been clarified.<ref name="wang2009"> {{Cite journal | author = Hengchang Wang, Michael J. Moore, [[Pamela S. Soltis]], Charles D. Bell, Samuel F. Brockington, Roolse Alexandre, Charles C. Davis, Maribeth Latvis, Steven R. Manchester, and Douglas E. Soltis  | title = Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 106 | issue = 10 | pages = 3853–3858 | date = 10 March 2009 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0813376106 | pmc = 2644257 | pmid = 19223592 | bibcode = 2009PNAS..106.3853W | doi-access = free }}</ref> The position of Picramniales as [[sister taxon| sister]] to Malvidae [[sensu stricto]] requires it to be included among the rosids. Vitales is sister to the clade of all that must be included in the rosids and its inclusion is optional. In APG III, it was included.

There is considerable overlap between the two definitions. Some apparent differences are the result of more broadly drawn orders in the second. Apiales, Cornales, Proteales and Santalales, and parts of Rafflesiales (sensu Cronquist) are excluded from the second, and many groups from Cronquist's [[Hamamelidae]] and [[Dillenidae]] are included.

In both senses, the term "[[rosids|rosid]]" applies, as an adjective and noun, to members of the group. In the APG III system, which eschewed formal [[botanical name]]s between the ranks of [[class (biology)|class]] and [[order (biology)|order]], the term "rosids" is used to define an informal clade corresponding to Rosidae as defined in the Phylocode.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* ''Rosidae'' at the [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/tfplab/rosidae.htm TAMU Lab]
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080705222912/http://www.phylodiversity.net/donoghue/publications/MJD_papers/2007/165_Cantino_Taxon07.pdf Electronic Supplement to Cantino et alii]}}

[[Category:Plant subclasses]]

[[bg:Розиди]]
[[es:Rosidae]]
[[no:Rosidae]]
[[pl:Różowe]]