Editing Rose Valley, Pennsylvania

{{short description|Borough in Pennsylvania, US}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
 | name                     = Rose Valley, Pennsylvania
 | official_name            = 
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 | settlement_type          = [[List of towns and boroughs in Pennsylvania#Boroughs|Borough]]
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 | image_caption            = Water tower at Schoenhaus
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 | image_map                = Delaware County Pennsylvania incorporated and unincorporated areas Rose Valley highlighted.svg
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 | map_caption              = Location in [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania|Delaware County]] and the U.S. state of [[Pennsylvania]].
 | pushpin_map              = Pennsylvania#USA
 | pushpin_label            = Rose Valley
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 | pushpin_map_caption      = Location of Rose Valley in Pennsylvania
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 | leader_title             = Mayor
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 | area_total_km2           = 1.90
 | area_total_sq_mi         = 0.73
 | area_land_km2            = 1.90
 | area_land_sq_mi          = 0.73
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 | elevation_ft             = 180
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 | population_as_of         = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
 | population_footnotes     = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:42&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref>
 | population_total         = 1017
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 | population_density_km2   = 536.57
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 | postal_code              = 19063, 19086
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 | area_code                = [[Area code 610|610]]
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 | blank_info               = 42-045-66192
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 | blank1_info_sec2         = 1185459
 | blank2_name_sec2         = Wikimedia Commons
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 | website                  = {{URL|www.rosevalleyborough.org}}
{{Infobox NRHP
 | embed                    = yes
 | name                     = Rose Valley Historic District
 | nrhp_type                = hd | nocat                    = yes  
 | image                    = 
 | caption                  = 
 | location                 = Roughly bounded by [[Ridley Creek]], Woodward Rd, Providence and Brookhaven Rds and Todmorden Ln
 | nearest_city             = 
 | area                     = 
 | built                    = 
 | architect                = [[William Lightfoot Price]], others
 | architecture             = Vernacular, Victorian, various
 | added                    = July 19, 2010
 | visitation_num           = 
 | visitation_year          = 
 | refnum                   = 10000470<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/listings/20100730.htm NRHP listings July 19-23, 2010]</ref>
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}}
 | footnotes                = 
}}

'''Rose Valley''' is a small, historic [[borough (Pennsylvania)|borough]] in [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania]], United States. Its area is {{convert|1.9|km2|order=flip}}, and the population was 913 at the 2010 census.<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4266192| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Rose Valley borough, Pennsylvania| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| access-date=December 28, 2015| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213050136/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4266192| archive-date=February 13, 2020| url-status=dead}}</ref> The area was settled by [[Quaker]] farmers in 1682, and later [[water mill]]s along [[Ridley Creek]] drove manufacturing in the nineteenth century.

In 1901, Rose Valley was founded as an [[Arts and Crafts movement|Arts and Crafts]] community by architect [[William Lightfoot Price]], who bought {{convert|80|acre|m2}} of land around the former Rose Valley [[textile mill]]. Price was a follower of [[Henry George]]'s economics ([[Georgism]]). Price also co-founded [[Arden, Delaware]], a utopian [[single tax]] community based on Henry George's economic model. Nevertheless, the Georgist single-tax ideal was never implemented in Rose Valley. Crafts works soon foundered, leaving a legacy of impressive architecture, a preserved landscape, and a regional theatre, the [[Hedgerow Theatre]] (founded in 1923), as well as an artistic community that includes writers, painters, and architects. As a former mayor said, "Rose Valley is an island of non-conformity."<ref>Peter Laird, ''History (Vol. I)'', p. vii</ref> The Rose Valley Historic District, covering essentially all of the borough, was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 2010.<ref name="arch">{{cite web| url = https://www.dot7.state.pa.us/ce/SelectWelcome.asp| title = National Historic Landmarks & National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania| publisher = CRGIS: Cultural Resources Geographic Information System| format = Searchable database| access-date = January 7, 2012| archive-date = July 21, 2007| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070721014609/https://www.dot7.state.pa.us/ce/SelectWelcome.asp| url-status = dead}} ''Note:'' This includes {{cite web| url = {{NRHP-PA|H144484_01H.pdf}}| title = National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Rose Valley Historic District| access-date = 2012-01-06| author = George E. Thomas| format = PDF| year = 2010}}</ref>

==History==
Native Americans of the [[Lenape|Leni Lenape]] or Delaware tribe lived in the area when Europeans began arriving. A major trade route, the [[Great Minquas Path]], passed through the site of the present borough, along Long Point, a hairpin turn in Ridley Creek, and then across the creek and through the center of the borough. Furs were carried along the path from Native Americans on the [[Susquehanna River]] to European traders on the [[Schuylkill River|Schuylkill]] and [[Delaware River|Delaware]] rivers.

Soon after [[William Penn]] received his charter for the [[Colony of Pennsylvania]], three brothers, Thomas, Robert, and Randall Vernon, received land grants from Penn to settle over {{convert|900|acre}} in the present borough of Rose Valley and [[Nether Providence Township, Pennsylvania|Nether Providence Township]]. The brothers arrived in Pennsylvania in 1682 and began farming the area, about {{convert|4|mi|0}} north of [[Chester, Pennsylvania|Chester]], which was then the largest settlement in the colony. Though the brothers purchased their land in 1681 while still in [[London]], the land was not surveyed and patents were not granted for the land until years, perhaps decades, later. The Providence Great Road (now [[Pennsylvania Route 252|PA 252]]), just to the north of the borough, was laid out in the 1680s, and Brookhaven Road, on the borough's eastern boundary, was laid out in 1705.<ref name = arch/><ref name=ham>Peter Ham, ''History (Vol. I)''</ref>{{rp|1–6}}

Randall Vernon's house was built before 1700, and still stands. Robert Vernon may have built the house known as the "Bishop White House" about 1695. The name of the house comes from its use by the family of Bishop [[William White (bishop of Pennsylvania)|William White]] during the [[yellow fever epidemic of 1793]] in Philadelphia. Though the bishop visited the house, he generally stayed in Philadelphia in 1793. William Lightfoot Price modified this house after 1900, adding a stone porch and red tile roof. The Vernon families continued living in the area into the nineteenth century. The [[American Revolution]] split family members, who served as soldiers on both the American and British sides.

Many veterans of the Revolution are buried in now unmarked graves in the cemetery of the Old Union Methodist Church, the only church in the borough. The roots of the church may go back to 1804, and it was officially organized in 1811. The current building dates to 1835.

Following the Revolution, land in the southwest corner of the present borough was confiscated from a Vernon family member who had supported the British. The land was eventually sold to Jacob Benninghove, a Philadelphia [[tobacconist]], who built a large mansion there in 1787. About the same time, he built a dam on Ridley Creek and a water-powered [[Snuff (tobacco)|snuff]] mill. Samuel Bancroft bought the house in 1831 and named it Todmorden Mansion. He lost the house in bankruptcy in 1842, but bought it back in 1857 and lived there until 1889. He built tunnels and secret chambers in the house for use in the [[Underground Railroad]].<ref name=ham/>{{rp|1–6}}

<gallery mode=packed heights=200>
File:RVernon House RV PA.JPG|Randall Vernon House, built before 1700
File:Bishop White RV.JPG|[[William White (Bishop of Pennsylvania)|Bishop White]] House, c. 1695
File:Todmorden RV PA.JPG|Todmorden Mansion, built 1787 of green serpentine stone
File:Union Methodist RV.JPG|Old Union Methodist Church
</gallery>

==Mills==
[[File:Old Mill Rose Valley.JPG|thumb|The Old Mill, renovated or rebuilt several times, now serves as town hall.]]
At least three mills operated in the area of Rose Valley. Little remains except a silted-in dam pond of what may have been the earliest mill, located on Vernon Run near the present Pool and Tennis Club. Near the Bishop White House, on [[Ridley Creek]], the remains of a dam and [[millrace]] can be seen leading up to the "Old Mill", which is now used as the town hall. Benninghove's snuff mill was likely built here c. 1789. Between 1826 and 1850, it was run as a paper mill. It was reconstructed as a [[textile mill]] in 1861 and burned down in 1885. After 1900, William Lightfoot Price built a furniture mill or craft shop on the foundations and later it was used as a meeting hall. After extensive fire damage, it was reconstructed into today's town hall.

Hutton's mill, on Rose Valley Road by Vernon Run, was built ''circa'' 1840 as a feed mill. In 1847, it became a [[turning]] mill. It was used to produce [[bobbin]]s for the nearby [[textile mill]] as well as serving as a warehouse. Later, it produced [[sandpaper]]. William Lightfoot Price also reconstructed this mill into a meeting house and theater. It also suffered fire damage, was again reconstructed, and now houses the [[Hedgerow Theatre]].<ref name=ham/>{{rp|4–8}}

==Arts and Crafts project==
Under the leadership of William Lightfoot Price, the Rose Valley Association was formed in July 1901 to start an intentional community based on the ideals of the [[Arts and Crafts movement]]. The association bought approximately {{convert|80|acre}} of land, an area that is the nucleus of today's borough. Investors contributed about $25,000 in capital, including $9,000 borrowed from nearby [[Swarthmore College]] to buy and improve the land. Price's vision placed artisan workshops at the center of the community, thus aligning with the socialist utopia that Arts and Crafts proponent [[William Morris]] described in his novel, ''[[News from Nowhere]]''.<ref name=Thomas>George E. Thomas, ''History (Vol. I)'', Ch. IX</ref>

Price's liberal views led to some misconceptions about the project, according to his niece Eleanore Price Mather: "First, it was not a free love colony. Second it was not single tax .... And third, it was not communistic. Rose Valley was essentially an arts and crafts project."<ref>Eleanore Price Mather, ''History (Vol. I)'', p. 13</ref>

Price had led a discussion group, including [[Edward Bok]] and brothers Samuel and [[Joseph Fels]], and many in this group became investors or residents in Rose Valley. Other early residents included Hawley McLanahan, who became Price's architectural partner; McLanahan's father-in-law [[Pressed Steel Car Company|Charles T. Schoen]]; Price's employees at his architectural firm; and his relatives, including his brother Walter, also an architect. Feminist [[Anna Howard Shaw]] lived nearby. Administration of the project was in the form of a town meeting, called the "Folk Mote".

[[File:Hedgerow Fall Rose Valley PA.JPG|thumb|right|The old bobbin mill now houses [[Hedgerow Theatre]].]]
The Rose Valley Association did not produce arts and crafts itself, but rather rented out working space to craftsmen, and provided them housing, generally designed or renovated by Price. The crafts were sold from Price's office at 1624 Walnut Street in Philadelphia. Furniture, as well as ceramics and book binding, were produced at the Old Mill until about 1907. A journal, ''The Artsman'', was published from 1903 to 1907. An art gallery was located in the old bobbin mill, then called "Artsman's Hall", and, starting in 1904, run by well-known artist [[Alice Barber Stephens]], who lived in the mill until a nearby barn was converted by Price into her house, [[Thunderbird Lodge (Rose Valley, Pennsylvania)|Thunderbird Lodge]]. Artsman's Hall was also used for theater, with the first play ''The Carpet Bagger's Revenge'' presented on New Year's Eve, 1904. Eventually the building became used solely by the [[Hedgerow Theatre]], which is still active.

[[File:Rose Valley table 1904.jpg|thumb|right|Library table made in Rose Valley in 1904, now at the [[Metropolitan Museum]]]]

By 1910, however, craft production had faded and the community had become essentially a [[commuter suburb]] of Philadelphia, using the nearby [[Moylan – Rose Valley (SEPTA station)|Moylan - Rose Valley Station]].<ref>Eleanore Price Mather, ''History (Vol. I)'', Ch. II-III, pp. 9-44</ref> The buildings designed or renovated by Price during this period may be Rose Valley's major achievement. According to George E. Thomas, "Rose Valley is of exceptional importance, a major American architectural landmark."<ref name=Thomas/>{{rp|90}}

After 1910 Schoen, McLanahan, and Price bought the remaining land from the Rose Valley Association, and Price designed the "Rose Valley Improvement Company Houses" near the old bobbin mill. As a group, these are the most important group of houses designed, rather than renovated, by Price in Rose Valley.<ref>Elizabeth Sippel, 1995</ref>

In 1926 a Pennsylvania State historic marker was installed on Rose Valley Road to the south of Thunderbird Lodge. It commemorates the [[Great Minquas Path]], a Native American trail that ran nearby. It features a sculpture of a beaver by [[Albert Laessle]].<ref name="the beav">{{cite web|title=Beaver, (sculpture)|url=http://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&full=3100001~!20769~!0|work=SIRIS|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|access-date=November 24, 2012}}</ref>
<gallery mode=packed heights=160>
File:RoseValleyPa.GuestHousec.1904pc.jpg|The Guest House c. 1904. This former mill workers' housing was renovated by William Lightfoot Price and served as the main housing during the early days of the arts and crafts colony
File:Thunderbird RV.JPG|[[Thunderbird Lodge (Rose Valley, Pennsylvania)|Thunderbird Lodge]] in Rose Valley
File:Historical Marker Minquas Path Beaver Sculpture.jpg|Beaver sculpture by [[Albert Laessle]], part of a 1926 historic marker near Thunderbird Lodge
</gallery>

==Transportation==
{{stack|[[File:2022-10-17 15 56 25 View northwest along Rose Valley Road at Possum Hollow Road in Rose Valley, Delaware County, Pennsylvania.jpg|right|thumb|Rose Valley Road in Rose Valley]]}}
As of 2008 there were {{convert|5.02|mi}} of public roads in Rose Valley, of which {{convert|1.30|mi}} were maintained by the [[Pennsylvania Department of Transportation]] (PennDOT) and {{convert|3.72|mi}} were maintained by the borough.<ref name=PennDOTmap>{{cite web|url=https://gis.penndot.gov/BPR_pdf_files/Maps/Type5/23421.pdf|title=Rose Valley Borough map|publisher=PennDOT|access-date=March 12, 2023}}</ref>

No numbered highways serve Rose Valley directly. Main thoroughfares include Rose Valley Road, which follows a northwest-to-southeast alignment through the heart of the borough, and Brookhaven Road, which follows a northeast-to-southwest alignment along the southeastern edge of the borough.

==Geography==
[[File:Porter Ln RV PA b.JPG|thumb|A Rose Valley Improvement Company house]]
Rose Valley is located in central Delaware County, {{convert|1.5|mi}} south of [[Media, Pennsylvania|Media]], the [[county seat]], and {{convert|4|mi|0}} north of [[Chester, Pennsylvania|Chester]]. It is bordered by [[Nether Providence Township, Pennsylvania|Nether Providence Township]] to the north, east, and south, and by [[Middletown Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania|Middletown Township]] to the west. [[Ridley Creek]], a southward-flowing tributary of the [[Delaware River]], forms the western boundary of the borough.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the borough of Rose Valley has an area of {{convert|1.9|sqkm|order=flip}}, all land.<ref name="Census 2010"/> It has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (''Cfa'') and monthly average temperatures range from 32.6&nbsp;°F in January to 77.6&nbsp;°F in July.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/ | title=PRISM Climate Group at Oregon State University }}</ref> The local [[hardiness zone]] is 7a.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1930= 303
|1940= 359
|1950= 498
|1960= 626
|1970= 876
|1980= 1038
|1990= 982
|2000= 944
|2010= 913
|2020= 1017
|footnote=<ref>{{cite web |title=Census 2020|url=https://pasdc.hbg.psu.edu/Portals/48/Features/CountyAndMunicipalPopulationChange_2010to2020.xlsx?ver=2021-08-24-080135-920}}</ref>
}}
As of Census 2010, the racial makeup of the borough was 93.1% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.6% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.1% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.8% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.5% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.8% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.1% of the population.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST13&prodType=table | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411124723/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST13&prodType=table | archive-date=April 11, 2015 | title=American FactFinder - Results }}</ref>

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 944 people, 347 households, and 292 families residing in the borough. The population density was {{convert|1,332.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 351 housing units at an average density of {{convert|495.6|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units&nbsp;|units|}}. The racial makeup of the borough was 95.34% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.59% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.11% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.69% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.32% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.95% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.22% of the population.

There were 347 households, out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 76.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.6% were non-families. 12.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the borough the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 3.6% from 18 to 24, 19.6% from 25 to 44, 34.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males.

The median income for a household in the borough was $114,373, and the median income for a family was $118,637. Males had a median income of $91,184 versus $47,031 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the borough was $54,202. About 1.7% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including none of those under age 18 and 1.9% of those age 65 or over.

==Notable people==
[[File:Rose Valley by Elenore Abbott.jpg|thumb|''Rose Valley'', folding screen c. 1903, by Elenore Abbott]]
[[File:Harper's New Monthly Magazine Volume 109 June to November 1904 (1904) (14596263950).jpg|thumb|''Harper's Magazine'' illustration by Alice Barber Stephens]]
*[[Elenore Abbott|Elenore Plaisted Abbott]], nationally known illustrator, designer, and artist
*[[C. Yarnall Abbott]], photographer and author, husband of Elenore Abbott
* F. Townsend Morgan, WPA artist
* Margaret Scott Oliver, actress and playwright
*[[William L. Price]], architect
*[[Alice Barber Stephens]], artist
*[[Horace Traubel]], poet and executor of Walt Whitman's estate

{{external media | width = 210px | float = right
 | headerimage=[[File:Roylencroft Posts.JPG|210px]]
 | video1 =[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJZ4DjEwzn8 ''Rose Valley, Pennsylvania'']
 | video2 =[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8_hvMwaxj84 ''The Old Mill - Rose Valley'']
| video3 =[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DeIEwvAQQk4 ''Hedgerow Theatre - Rose Valley'']<ref>Videos, Wanda Kaluza accessed May 3, 2013</ref>
 |video4 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzSG8tPSRRc ''Porter Lane - Rose Valley, PA'']<ref name="Porter Lane">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzSG8tPSRRc ''Porter Lane - Rose Valley, PA'']</ref>}}

==Education==
[[File:Possum Hollow House Rose Valley PA.JPG|thumb|The house of architect Howell Lewis Shay on Possum Hollow Road<ref name="Porter Lane"/>]]
Rose Valley lies within the [[Wallingford-Swarthmore School District]]. Nether Providence Elementary School and Wallingford Elementary School serves students in grades K-5, Strath Haven Middle School serves students in grades 6–8, and [[Strath Haven High School]] serves students in grades 9–12.

===See also===
*[[National Register of Historic Places in Delaware County, Pennsylvania]]
*{{annotated link|Fairhope, Alabama}}
*{{annotated link|Arden, Delaware}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book | last =Ham | first =Peter  |author2=Eleanore Price Mather | title =A History of Rose Valley (Volume I) | publisher =Borough of Rose Valley | year = 1973| pages =191 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite book | last =Taylor | first =Kathryn |author2=George Greer | title =A History of Rose Valley (Volume II) | publisher =Borough of Rose Valley | year = 1998| pages =206 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite book
  | last =Davidson  | first =Michelle
  | title =Nether Providence, Images of America
  | publisher =Arcadia Pub.
  | year =2010 | pages =128
  | isbn =978-0738572635
 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=DZHLgGN4yv4C
  | id={{ISBN|978-0-7385-7263-5}} }}, especially pp.&nbsp;107–116.
*{{cite book
  | last =Thomas  | first =George E.
  | title =William L. Price, Arts and Crafts to Modern Design
  | publisher =Princeton Architectural Press
  | year =2000 | pages =[https://archive.org/details/williamlpriceart00thom/page/362 362]
  | url =https://archive.org/details/williamlpriceart00thom
  | url-access =registration  | isbn=1-56898-220-8 }}, especially pp.&nbsp;83–90.
*{{cite book
  | last =Sippel  | first =Elizabeth Tighe
  | title =The Improvement Company Houses, Rose Valley, PA: The Democratic Vision of William L. Price
  | publisher =MS thesis at the University of Pennsylvania
  | year =1995 | pages =175
  | url =https://archive.org/stream/improvementcompa00sipp#page/n3/mode/2up
  }}

==External links==
{{commons category|Rose Valley, Pennsylvania}}
* [http://rosevalleyborough.org/ Borough of Rose Valley official website]
**[http://www.rosevalleyborough.org/national-register-gallery/ Photos keyed to NRHP Inventory]
** [https://static.squarespace.com/static/51bf22cfe4b088376cdca84f/51c08143e4b01192da0dd32f/51c08143e4b01192da0dd335/1305665964303/Rose%20Valley%20district%20map%20Final.pdf NRHP Inventory]
* [https://www.dot7.state.pa.us/CRGIS/Application/ASPNET/Report/Report.aspx?R=108&T=KEYNO&I=144484 NRHP Historic district]
** [{{NRHP-PA|H144484_02A.pdf}} Detailed Historic District Map]

{{National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania}}
{{Delaware County, Pennsylvania}}

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[[Category:Populated places established in 1920]]
[[Category:Boroughs in Delaware County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:1920 establishments in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Delaware County, Pennsylvania]]