Editing Rolla, Missouri

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Rolla, Missouri
| official_name      = City of Rolla
| settlement_type    = [[City]]
| nickname           = 
| motto              = "The Middle of Everywhere."

<!-- Images -->| image_skyline      = File:Old Phelps County Courthouse.JPG
| imagesize          = 275
| image_caption      = Old Phelps County Courthouse
| image_flag         = File:Flag of Rolla, Missouri.png
| image_seal         = <!-- Maps -->
| image_map          = Phelps_County_Missouri_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Rolla_Highlighted.svg
| mapsize            = 250x200px
| map_caption        = Location of Rolla within County and State
| image_map1         = 
| mapsize1           = 
| map_caption1       = <!-- Location -->
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = United States
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Missouri]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in Missouri|County]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Phelps County, Missouri|Phelps]]
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = 
| leader_title       = 
| leader_name        = 
| leader_title1      = 
| leader_name1       = 
| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = 1858

<!-- Area -->| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=August 28, 2022}}</ref>
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_total_km2     = 31.47
| area_land_km2      = 31.41
| area_water_km2     = 0.05
| area_total_sq_mi   = 12.15
| area_land_sq_mi    = 12.13
| area_water_sq_mi   = 0.02

<!-- Population -->| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_est     = 20754
| pop_est_as_of      = 2025
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total   = 19943
| population_density_sq_mi = 1644.24
| population_density_km2 = 634.86

<!-- General information -->| timezone           = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
| utc_offset         = -6
| timezone_DST       = CDT
| utc_offset_DST     = -5
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft       = 1099
| coordinates        = {{coord|37|56|45|N|91|45|39|W|region:US-MO|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP code]]s
| postal_code        = 65401, 65402, 65409
| area_code          = [[Area code 573|573]]
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 29-62912<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info        = 2396418<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2396418}}</ref>
| website            = [http://www.rollacity.org/ rollacity.org]
| footnotes          = 
| pop_est_footnotes  = 
}}
[[File:Mstnorwoodhall.jpg|thumb|Norwood Hall, Missouri University of Science and Technology]]
[[File:Mststonehenge.jpg|thumb|Stonehenge Replica at Missouri S&T]]
'''Rolla''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɒ|l|ə}}) is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Phelps County, Missouri]], United States.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=2011-06-07|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref>  Its population in the 2020 [[United States Census]] was 19,943.<ref name="dexter">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/rollacitymissouri/POP010220|access-date=December 31, 2021|work=United States Census Bureau}}</ref>  It is approximately midway between [[St. Louis]] and [[Springfield, Missouri|Springfield]] along [[Interstate 44 in Missouri|I-44]]. Its [[micropolitan statistical area]] consists of Phelps County, Missouri. Nearby is an inactive [[civil township|township]] ('''Rolla Township''').<ref>{{GNIS|767183}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =http://shsmo.org/manuscripts/ramsay/ramsay_phelps.html | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624071446/http://shsmo.org/manuscripts/ramsay/ramsay_phelps.html | archivedate = June 24, 2016 | url-status = live | title=Phelps County Place Names, 1928–1945 | publisher=The State Historical Society of Missouri| accessdate= December 5, 2016}}</ref>

It is the home of the [[Missouri University of Science and Technology]], well known for its many engineering departments and computer science department.

The headquarters of the [[Mark Twain National Forest]] is in Rolla. The city is also within the [[Ozark Highlands AVA|Ozark Highlands American Viticultural Area]], with vineyards first established by Italian immigrants to the area.

==History==

The first European-American settlers in Phelps County arrived in the early 19th century, working as farmers and iron workers along the local rivers, such as the [[Meramec River|Meramec]], the [[Gasconade River|Gasconade]], and the 
[[Little Piney Creek (Missouri)|Little Piney]].  In 1842, John Webber built the first house in what became the City of Rolla.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://files.shsmo.org/manuscripts/rolla/R1502.pdf#page=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823161925/https://files.shsmo.org/manuscripts/rolla/R1502.pdf |archive-date=2021-08-23 |url-status=live |title=Webber Family Papers: Biographical Note |page=2 |website=The State Historical Society of Missouri |access-date=August 23, 2021 }}</ref> Nine years later, railroad contractor Edmund Ward Bishop, considered to be the founder of Rolla, settled in the area. The state officially established Rolla as a town in 1858.

Three stories account for how Rolla was named. One story, widely regarded as a folk legend, and acknowledged as such by the Phelps County Historical Society, arises from the competition between Rolla and neighboring Dillon, Missouri, to be designated the county seat. When Rolla was made the county seat in 1861, the residents of Dillon, having lost a round, were allowed to choose the name of the new city and named it Rolla, after a good-for-nothing hunting dog.

Another story came from a citizens' meeting about naming the town. Webber was said to prefer the name Hardscrabble (which was used to describe the soils in the region) and Bishop pushed for the name Phelps Center. George Coppedge, representing new settlers from [[North Carolina]], wanted to name the community after [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]]. Bishop broke the three-way tie by agreeing with Coppedge as long as the name was spelled properly for the region, Rolla.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.therolladailynews.com/article/20150729/news/150728853 |title=The stories behind the naming of cities |date=July 29, 2015 |work=The Rolla Daily News |first=Eddie |last=O'Neill |access-date=June 9, 2021 }}</ref>

But the one story that has some first hand evidence to back it up was that it was named after Rolla Rose of St. Louis. He and others traveled to the area in the 1840s on a hunting trip. He carved his name on a tree so that they would not get lost. His widow, Adeline Rose, related this story in the St. Louis Globe newspaper on July 19, 1903.

With numerous settlers from the South, many residents of Rolla leaned toward the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] during the [[American Civil War]]; however, the town was taken by Union forces in June 1861. They built two minor forts — [[Fort Wyman]] and [[Fort Dette]] — during their occupation.  Rolla was also the location of Camp Glover and Camp Davies.  From 1863 to 1865, Rolla was the regimental headquarters of the 5th [[Missouri State Militia (Union)|Missouri State Militia]].<ref>Hewett, J. (1994). Supplement to the Official records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Wilmington, NC: Broadfoot Pub. Co. , Volume 35, p. 136</ref>

For most of its history, Rolla has served as a transportation and trading center. In 1860, it became the western terminus of the first-constructed leg of the [[St. Louis–San Francisco Railway]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/things-near-rolla-missouri-101908.html |title=Things to Do Near Rolla, Missouri |date=March 21, 2018 |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |first=Meg |last=Jernigan |access-date=November 11, 2023}}</ref> colloquially known as the "Frisco Line". Today, the [[BNSF Railway]] directly runs through the town.

Rolla was also a regular stop along [[U.S. Route 66 (Missouri)|U.S. Route 66]], as it is almost located exactly halfway between the larger cities of [[St. Louis]] and [[Springfield, Missouri|Springfield]].  Today, [[Interstate 44 (Missouri)|Interstate 44]], [[U.S. Route 63 (Missouri)|U.S. Route 63]], and [[Route 72 (Missouri)|Route 72]] all run through Rolla.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rollachamber.org/210.html |title=History of Rolla |access-date=2006-07-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060620101325/http://rollachamber.org/210.html |archive-date=2006-06-20 }}, Rolla Chamber of Commerce, accessed 16 Jun 2008</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|11.85|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|11.83|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.02|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-07-08|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|archive-date=2012-07-02}}</ref> Running through the city is the divide line that separates the vast [[Missouri River|Missouri]] watershed (via the [[Little Piney Creek (Missouri)|Little Piney]] and the [[Gasconade River|Gasconade]]) from the substantially smaller [[Meramec River|Meremec]] watershed (via the [[Bourbeuse River|Bourbeuse]]).

===Climate===
Rolla has a [[humid subtropical climate]]. The [[Köppen Climate Classification]] subtype for this climate is "[[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]".<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=92937&cityname=Rolla%2C+Missouri%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Rolla, Missouri]</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Rolla, Missouri ([[Missouri University of Science and Technology]]), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1896–present
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 78
|Feb record high F = 84
|Mar record high F = 91
|Apr record high F = 93
|May record high F = 99
|Jun record high F = 105
|Jul record high F = 113
|Aug record high F = 108
|Sep record high F = 105
|Oct record high F = 94
|Nov record high F = 85
|Dec record high F = 79
|year record high F = 113

|Jan avg record high F = 66.1
|Feb avg record high F = 70.7
|Mar avg record high F = 78.5
|Apr avg record high F = 85.0
|May avg record high F = 88.9
|Jun avg record high F = 93.1
|Jul avg record high F = 97.9
|Aug avg record high F = 98.0
|Sep avg record high F = 92.6
|Oct avg record high F = 85.4
|Nov avg record high F = 75.6
|Dec avg record high F = 66.9
|year avg record high F = 99.7

|Jan high F = 40.9
|Feb high F = 46.1
|Mar high F = 56.0
|Apr high F = 67.2
|May high F = 75.9
|Jun high F = 84.1
|Jul high F = 88.9
|Aug high F = 88.1
|Sep high F = 80.4
|Oct high F = 69.1
|Nov high F = 55.7
|Dec high F = 44.8
|year high F = 66.4
|Jan mean F = 31.7
|Feb mean F = 36.1
|Mar mean F = 45.4
|Apr mean F = 56.3
|May mean F = 65.8
|Jun mean F = 74.3
|Jul mean F = 78.8
|Aug mean F = 77.6
|Sep mean F = 69.6
|Oct mean F = 58.2
|Nov mean F = 46.0
|Dec mean F = 36.0
|year mean F = 56.3
|Jan low F = 22.4
|Feb low F = 26.2
|Mar low F = 34.8
|Apr low F = 45.4
|May low F = 55.7
|Jun low F = 64.6
|Jul low F = 68.7
|Aug low F = 67.1
|Sep low F = 58.9
|Oct low F = 47.3
|Nov low F = 36.4
|Dec low F = 27.2
|year low F = 46.2

|Jan avg record low F = 2.9
|Feb avg record low F = 7.6
|Mar avg record low F = 17.0
|Apr avg record low F = 30.8
|May avg record low F = 40.6
|Jun avg record low F = 53.6
|Jul avg record low F = 59.8
|Aug avg record low F = 58.4
|Sep avg record low F = 44.6
|Oct avg record low F = 31.9
|Nov avg record low F = 19.9
|Dec avg record low F = 8.8
|year avg record low F = -0.7

|Jan record low F = −24
|Feb record low F = −22
|Mar record low F = −3
|Apr record low F = 13
|May record low F = 31
|Jun record low F = 40
|Jul record low F = 49
|Aug record low F = 42
|Sep record low F = 32
|Oct record low F = 19
|Nov record low F = 3
|Dec record low F = −19
|year record low F = −24
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 2.73
|Feb precipitation inch = 2.49
|Mar precipitation inch = 4.14
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.90
|May precipitation inch = 5.48
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.37
|Jul precipitation inch = 4.74
|Aug precipitation inch = 4.52
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.00
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.26
|Nov precipitation inch = 3.92
|Dec precipitation inch = 2.83
|year precipitation inch = 47.38
|Jan snow inch = 5.6
|Feb snow inch = 4.1
|Mar snow inch = 2.6
|Apr snow inch = 0.2
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.1
|Nov snow inch = 1.3
|Dec snow inch = 3.4
|year snow inch = 17.3
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 9.4
|Feb precipitation days = 9.1
|Mar precipitation days = 12.1
|Apr precipitation days = 11.8
|May precipitation days = 13.0
|Jun precipitation days = 10.3
|Jul precipitation days = 9.4
|Aug precipitation days = 9.1
|Sep precipitation days = 8.3
|Oct precipitation days = 8.8
|Nov precipitation days = 9.5
|Dec precipitation days = 9.2
|year precipitation days = 120.0
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 4.9
|Feb snow days = 4.7
|Mar snow days = 2.7
|Apr snow days = 0.5
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.1
|Nov snow days = 1.1
|Dec snow days = 3.8
|year snow days = 17.8
|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name = NOAA >
{{cite web
| url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=sgf
| title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = August 2, 2021}}</ref><ref name=NCEI>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USC00237263&format=pdf
| title = Station: Rolla Missouri S&T, MO
| work = U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = August 2, 2021}}</ref>
|date=September 2017
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
| 1870 = 1354
| 1880 = 1582
| 1890 = 1592
| 1900 = 1600
| 1910 = 2261
| 1920 = 2077
| 1930 = 3670
| 1940 = 5141
| 1950 = 9354
| 1960 = 11132
| 1970 = 13571
| 1980 = 13303
| 1990 = 14090
| 2000 = 16367
| 2010 = 19559
| 2020 = 19943
| estyear = 2023
| estimate = 20423
| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
The [[2020 United States census]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov| access-date=2023-12-17 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> counted 19,943 people, 8,470 households, and 4,141 families in Rolla. The population density was 1,644.1 per square mile (634.9/km{{sup|2}}). There were 9,509 housing units at an average density of 783.9 per square mile (302.7/km{{sup|2}}). The racial makeup was 80.55% (16,064) [[White (U.S. Census)|white]], 4.21% (839) [[African American (U.S. Census)|black or African-American]], 0.51% (101) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 6.26% (1,248) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.05% (9) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.46% (291) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 6.97% (1,391) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race was 3.3% (661) of the population.

Of the 8,470 households, 21.6% had children under the age of 18; 35.2% were married couples living together; 31.7% had a female householder with no husband present. Of all households, 36.4% consisted of individuals and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.1 and the average family size was 2.7.

17.5% of the population was under the age of 18, 29.7% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 16.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26.8 years. For every 100 females, the population had 122.5 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 128.8 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year [[American Community Survey]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov|access-date=2023-12-17|website=data.census.gov}}</ref> estimates show that the median household income was $37,252 (with a margin of error of +/- $5,474) and the median family income was $55,595 (+/- $4,340). Males had a median income of $17,959 (+/- $5,438) versus $23,582 (+/- $1,673) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $21,873 (+/- $2,358). Approximately, 12.0% of families and 27.3% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 19.8% of those under the age of 18 and 17.4% of those ages 65 or over.

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-07-08}}</ref> of 2010, there were 19,559 people, 7,574 households, and 3,765 families living in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1653.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 8,339 housing units at an average density of {{convert|704.9|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 86.71% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 4.11% [[Black (U.S. Census)|Black]] or [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.43% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 5.70% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.09% [[Native Hawaiian]] or [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.41% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 2.56% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.62% of the population.

There were 7,574 households, of which 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 50.3% were non-families. 36.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.90.

The median age in the city was 26.2 years. 18.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 29.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.7% were from 25 to 44; 17.1% were from 45 to 64; and 11.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 55.0% male and 45.0% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 16,367 people, 6,514 households, and 3,543 families living in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,448.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 7,221 housing units at an average density of {{convert|639.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 89.2% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2.92% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.46% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 4.6% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.12% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.73% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.69% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.72% of the population.

There were 6,514 households, out of which 26.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.0% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.6% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.1% under the age of 18, 25.3% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 16.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,479, and the median income for a family was $38,975. Males had a median income of $31,861 versus $19,625 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $15,916. About 13.8% of families and 22.0% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 22.3% of those under age 18 and 13.8% of those age 65 or over.
[[File:Rolla watertower.png|thumb|Water tower for Hypoint Industrial Park, along I-44.|upright=0.6]]

==Economy==
[[Royal Canin]], a major manufacturer of dog and cat food, operates a dry food plant in Rolla.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.allaboutfeed.net/Process-Management/Petfood/2013/3/Petfood-firm-builds-wastewater-plant-1210120W/ |title=Petfood firm builds wastewater plant |date=March 26, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507080345/http://www.allaboutfeed.net/Process-Management/Petfood/2013/3/Petfood-firm-builds-wastewater-plant-1210120W/ |archive-date=May 7, 2013 |access-date=June 9, 2021 }}</ref>

Small-engine manufacturer [[Briggs & Stratton]] operated a major plant in Rolla from 1996 to 2007.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/10/11/business/briggs-missouri-plant.html |title=Briggs Missouri Plant |date=October 11, 1994 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=D6 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=June 9, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/companies/briggs-stratton-files-for-bankruptcy-protection-plans-to-sell-assets-and-continue-operating/ar-BB16XVOF |title=Briggs & Stratton files for bankruptcy protection, plans to sell assets and continue operating |date=July 20, 2020 |work=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel |first1=Rick |last1=Barrett |first2=Guy |last2=Boulton |access-date=June 9, 2021 |via=MSN |quote=In 2007, it closed its engine plant in Rolla }}</ref>

[[Brewer Science]], a nationwide manufacturer of semiconductor manufacturing materials, is headquartered in Rolla.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.semiconductorforu.com/brewer-science-sells-wafer-processing-equipment-business-unit/ |title=Brewer Science sells wafer-processing equipment business unit |date=May 5, 2017 |work=SemiconductorForu |access-date=June 9, 2021 }}</ref>

[[Hartmann North America]] started production at a headquarters site in Rolla in July 2017 after the Denmark-based [[Brødrene Hartmann]] decided to open such a site in the US. Hartmann is a leading manufacturer of molded-fiber egg packaging, a manufacturer of fruit packaging in South America, and a manufacturer of machinery for producing [[food packaging]]. Hartmann used and later expanded the former Briggs & Stratton plant for their Rolla facility.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.missouripartnership.com/hartmann-north-americas-rolla-missouri-facilitys-intelligent-manufacturing-recognized-by-u-s-dept-of-commerce/ |title=Hartmann North Americas Rolla, Missouri Facility's Intelligent Manufacturing Recognized by U.S. Dept. of Commerce |date=December 10, 2020 |work=Missouri Partnership |access-date=June 9, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.phelpscountyfocus.com/the_focus_insider/article_17e7c486-4806-11e8-b647-07758e532a56.html |title=Transforming recycled paper into egg cartons; Production at Hartmann US underway, growth could be coming |date=April 26, 2018 |work=Phelps County Focus |first=Paul |last=Hackbarth |access-date=June 9, 2021 }}</ref>

==Education==
Rolla is home of the Rolla Bulldogs at [[Rolla High School]] and Rolla Middle School.

Rolla is an important center for state and federal education and research in science and technology. It is the home of the [[Missouri University of Science and Technology]] (Missouri S&T), founded as the Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy in 1870 and known as the University of Missouri–Rolla (UMR) from 1964 through 2007. Missouri S&T is well known for its engineering and computer science departments. In addition, the [[United States Geological Survey|US Geological Survey]] operates a large regional facility with various centers: the National Geospatial Technical Operations Center III, the Missouri Water Science Center, the Mid-Continent Geographic Science Center, National Spatial Data Infrastructure Partnership Office Liaisons, and the Rolla Science Information and Library Services office.

Rolla has a lending library, the Rolla Public Library.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.publiclibraries.com/missouri.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610012728/http://www.publiclibraries.com/missouri.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=10 June 2017 | title=Missouri Public Libraries | publisher=PublicLibraries.com | access-date=2 June 2019}}</ref>

==Media==
Rolla and surrounding communities are served by a [[weekly newspaper]], the ''[[Phelps County Focus]]''. [[KUMR]], [[KRTE-FM]], [[KFLW]], [[KFBD]], [[KTTR (AM)|KTTR]], [[KMOZ (AM)|KMOZ]], [[KTTR-FM]], [[KZNN]], [[KXMO]], and [[KKID]] are the local commercial radio stations. [[KMST (FM)]] is the Public Radio station and [[KMNR|KMNR FM]] is the student radio station of the [[Missouri University of Science and Technology]].

==Notable places==
[[Image:Phelps County Jail.JPG|thumb|right|Old Phelps County Jail]]
{{See also|National Register of Historic Places listings in Phelps County, Missouri|l1=National Register of Historic Places Listings in Phelps County, Missouri}}
* [[National Bank of Rolla Building]], National Register of Historic Places
* [[Phelps County Courthouse (Rolla, Missouri)|Phelps County Courthouse]], National Register of Historic Places
* [[Phelps County Jail]], National Register of Historic Places
* [[Rolla Ranger Station Historic District]], National Register of Historic Places
* Headquarters, Rolla Division of the [[United States Bureau of Mines|US Bureau of Mines]], National Register of Historic Places
* [[Missouri University of Science and Technology]] has a half-scale [[Stonehenge replicas and derivatives|Stonehenge replica]] built from solid [[granite]] located on campus, as well as an [[astronomical observatory]] and an operational [[nuclear reactor]], which was the state's first.
* [[Missouri Department of Natural Resources]], Division of Geology and Land Survey and Ed Clark Museum of Missouri Geology.
* [[United States Geological Survey]]

==Notable people==
{{See also|List of Missouri University of Science and Technology alumni|l1=List of Missouri University of Science and Technology notable alumni|List of Missouri University of Science and Technology faculty|l2=faculty}}
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Jim Boo]] (born 1954), former professional ice hockey player
* [[William B. Breuer]] (1922–2010), American military historian
* [[Jean Carnahan]] (1933–2024), former US Senator 
* [[Mel Carnahan]] (1934–2000), former [[List of Governors of Missouri|Governor of Missouri]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_missouri/col2-content/main-content-list/title_carnahan_mel.html|title= Missouri Governor Mel Eugene Carnahan|publisher=National Governors Association|access-date= October 30, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Robin Carnahan]] (born 1961), former [[List of Missouri Secretaries of State|Secretary of State of Missouri]]
* [[Russ Carnahan]] (born 1958), former US Representative
* [[Samuel Ryan Curtis|Samuel Curtis]] (1805–1866), [[American Civil War]] General (Union)
* [[Charles Gatewood]] (1942–2016), photographer<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwart/article/Remembering-Famed-Photographer-Charles-Gatewood-20160429# |title=Remembering Famed Photographer, Charles Gatewood |date=April 29, 2016 |website=Broadway World |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602055811/http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwart/article/Remembering-Famed-Photographer-Charles-Gatewood-20160429 |archive-date=June 2, 2016 }}</ref>
* [[Kyle Hawkins]] (born 1970), former [[University of Missouri]] Men's [[lacrosse]] coach 
* [[John Lott (mathematician)|John Lott]] (born 1959), Professor of [[mathematics]] at [[University of California, Berkeley]]
* [[Claire McCaskill]] (born 1953), former US Senator<ref>{{cite web|url= http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=m001170|title=McCaskill, Claire, (1953–)|publisher= Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|access-date= October 30, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Shannon Miller]] (born 1977), Olympic gold medalist
* [[Mayme Ousley]] (1887–1970), first woman elected mayor of a town in Missouri; born in Edgar Springs and grew up in Rolla<ref name="umsystem.edu">{{cite web|url=http://shs.umsystem.edu/rolla/manuscripts/r0173.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928055630/http://shs.umsystem.edu/rolla/manuscripts/r0173.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-28 |url-status=live|title=Information Sheet: Mayme Ousley Papers|work=umsystem.edu|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>
* [[John A. Rogers]] (born 1967), [[physical chemist]], [[material scientist]]
* [[Tony Salmons]] (born 1957), comic book artist
* [[Chuck Shelton]] (1935–2020), former [[American football]] coach from Missouri
* [[Tom Shipley (singer-songwriter)|Tom Shipley]] (born 1941), member of [[popular music]] duo [[Brewer & Shipley]]
* [[Sarah Steelman]] (born 1958), former [[State Treasurer of Missouri]]
* [[Timothy M. Dolan]] (born 1950), Cardinal and Archbishop of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York]]
}}

==Sister cities==
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Sondershausen]], Thuringia, Germany<ref>{{cite web|title=Partnerstädte|url=http://www.sondershausen.de/de/partnerstaedte.html|publisher=Sondershausen|access-date=4 May 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}} 
{{wikivoyage|Rolla (Missouri)|Rolla, Missouri}}
* [http://www.rollacity.org/ City of Rolla]
* [http://www.rollachamber.org/ Rolla Area Chamber of Commerce]
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110826084454/http://rollatimes.com/ Rolla Times]}}
* [http://www.therolladailynews.com/ The Rolla Daily News]
* Historic maps of Rolla in the [http://dl.mospace.umsystem.edu/mu/islandora/object/mu%3A138951 Sanborn Maps of Missouri Collection] at the [[University of Missouri]]

{{Phelps County, Missouri}}
{{Missouri county seats}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rolla, Missouri| ]]
[[Category:1858 establishments in Missouri]]
[[Category:Cities in Phelps County, Missouri]]
[[Category:County seats in Missouri]]
[[Category:Cities in Missouri]]