Editing Rolla, Kansas

{{Short description|City in Morton County, Kansas}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                     = Rolla, Kansas
|settlement_type          = [[City]]

<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline            = Rolla, Kansas panorama 1935.jpg
|image_caption            = Panorama of Rolla (1935)
|image_flag               =
|image_seal               =

<!-- Maps -->
|image_map                = Morton_County_Kansas_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Rolla_Highlighted.svg
|map_caption              = Location within [[Morton County, Kansas|Morton County]] and [[Kansas]]
|image_map1               = Map of Morton Co, Ks, USA.png
|map_caption1             = [[Kansas Department of Transportation|KDOT]] map of [[Morton County, Kansas|Morton County]] ([[:File:Kansas official transportation map legend.png|legend]])

<!-- Location -->
|coordinates_footnotes    = <ref name=gnis/>
|coordinates              = {{coord|37|07|06|N|101|37|57|W|region:US-KS_type:city_source:GNIS|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Kansas]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Kansas|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Morton County, Kansas|Morton]]
|subdivision_type3        = [[List of townships in Kansas|Township]]
|subdivision_name3        =

<!-- Established -->
|established_title        = Founded
|established_date         = 1900s
|established_title1       = [[Platted]]
|established_date1        = 1913
|established_title2       = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date2        = 1921
|named_for                = Rollie Williamson

<!-- Government -->
|government_footnotes     =
|government_type          = <!-- [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]] -->
|leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name              =

<!-- Area -->
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_20.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 24, 2020}}</ref>
|area_total_sq_mi         = 0.37
|area_land_sq_mi          = 0.37
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00
|area_total_km2           = 0.97
|area_land_km2            = 0.97
|area_water_km2           = 0.00
|unit_pref                = Imperial

<!-- Elevation -->
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 3327

<!-- Population -->
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="Census-2020-Profile"/>
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_total         = 384
|pop_est_footnotes        =
|pop_est_as_of            =
|population_est           =
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
|population_density_km2   = auto

<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[Central Time Zone|CST]]
|utc_offset               = -6
|timezone_DST             = CDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -5
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 67954
|area_code_type           = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
|area_code                = [[Area code 620|620]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 20-60900 
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS ID]]
|blank1_info              = 2396419<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2396419}}</ref>
|website                  = [https://www.facebook.com/City-of-Rolla-Kansas-155386491191965/ City website]
}}

'''Rolla''' is a city in [[Morton County, Kansas|Morton County]], [[Kansas]], United States.<ref name=gnis/>  As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population of the city was 384.<ref name="Census-2020-Profile">{{cite web |title=Profile of Rolla, Kansas in 2020 |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US2060900 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=November 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113214630/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US2060900 |archive-date=November 13, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==History==

===Early history===
{{See also|History of Kansas}}
For many [[millennia]], the [[Great Plains]] of [[North America]] was inhabited by [[nomadic]] [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]].  From the 16th century to 18th century, the [[Kingdom of France]] claimed ownership of large parts of [[North America]].  In 1762, after the [[French and Indian War]], France secretly ceded [[New France]] to [[Spain]], per the [[Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)|Treaty of Fontainebleau]].

===19th century===
In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but keeping title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for [[History of Kansas|modern day Kansas]] was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile [[Louisiana Purchase]] for 2.83 [[Penny (United States coin)|cents]] per [[acre]]. In 1848, after the [[Mexican–American War]], the [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]] with [[Spain]] brought into the United States all or part of land for ten future states, including southwest Kansas.

In 1854, the [[Kansas Territory]] was organized, then in 1861 [[Kansas]] became the 34th [[U.S. state]]. In 1886, [[Morton County, Kansas|Morton County]] was established, which included the land for modern day Rolla.

===20th century===
The first post office at '''Rolla''' was established in 1907.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kshs.org/geog/geog_postoffices/search/county:MT |title=Kansas Post Offices, 1828-1961 (archived) |publisher=Kansas Historical Society |accessdate=16 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009131108/http://www.kshs.org/geog/geog_postoffices/search/county:MT |archivedate=October 9, 2013 }}</ref>  Rolla was laid out in 1913.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5zdAAQAAMAAJ | title=Biennial Report of the Board of Directors of the Kansas State Historical Society | publisher=Kansas State Printing Plant | author=Kansas State Historical Society | year=1916 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5zdAAQAAMAAJ/page/n355 248]}}</ref> Rolla is named after Rollie Ray Williamson, who came to Western Kansas in 1907 in a covered wagon with his mother and uncle to meet his father, who had homesteaded in the area.<ref>{{cite book |title=Morton County, 1886-1986: Cornerstone of Kansas. |pages=75}}</ref>

In the 1930s, the prosperity of the area was severely affected by its location within the [[Dust Bowl]].  This catastrophe intensified the economic impact of the [[Great Depression]] in the region.

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|0.37|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all  land.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2012-07-06|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|archivedate=2012-07-02}}</ref>

===Climate===
According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Rolla has a [[semi-arid climate]], abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=234241&cityname=Rolla%2C+Kansas%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Rolla, Kansas]</ref>

==Demographics==
[[File:Dust Storm in Rolla, Kansas, "05-06-35, Dear Mr. Roosevelt, Darkness came when it hit us. Picture taken from water... - NARA - 195691.tif|thumb|right|Dust storm in Rolla on May 6, 1935]]
{{US Census population
|align=left
|1930= 437
|1940= 284
|1950= 433
|1960= 464
|1970= 400
|1980= 417
|1990= 387
|2000= 482
|2010= 442
|2020= 384
|estyear=
|estimate=
|estref=
|align-fn=center
|footnote=[https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html U.S. Decennial Census]
}}

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2012-07-06}}</ref> of 2010, there were 442 people, 166 households, and 124 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1194.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 190 housing units at an average density of {{convert|513.5|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 83.3% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.1% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.6% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.5% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.9% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 9.5% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 3.2% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 24.2% of the population.

There were 166 households, of which 39.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.3% were non-families. 22.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.11.

The median age in the city was 35.1 years. 30.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.4% were from 25 to 44; 26.3% were from 45 to 64; and 10.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.7% male and 49.3% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 482 people, 165 households, and 121 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,411.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 199 housing units at an average density of {{convert|582.6|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 81.95% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.87% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.41% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 12.45% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.32% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 22.41% of the population.

There were 165 households, out of which 41.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.1% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.54.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 35.7% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 17.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $38,500, and the median income for a family was $43,750. Males had a median income of $24,886 versus $14,583 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $13,211. About 8.8% of families and 10.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 11.2% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.

==Education==
The community is served by [[Rolla USD 217]] public school district. The Rolla High School mascot is Pirates.<ref>{{cite web | title = Rolla USD 217 | publisher = USD 217 | url = http://www.usd217.org/ | accessdate = 6 January 2017}}</ref>

The Rolla Pirates won the [[Kansas State High School Activities Association|Kansas State High School]] Class BB state basketball tournament in 1958, the 8-Man football championship in 1973 and the 8-Man DII football championship in 1996.<ref>{{cite web | title = Football | publisher = KSHSAA | url = http://www.kshsaa.org/Public/Football/History.cfm | accessdate = 6 January 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{See also|Morton County, Kansas#Further reading|l1=List of books about Morton County, Kansas}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}} 
* [https://www.lkm.org/members/?id=41261009 Rolla - Directory of Public Officials]
* [https://www.usd217.org/ USD 217], local school district
* [https://www.ksdot.org/Assets/wwwksdotorg/bureaus/burTransPlan/maps/city-pdf/rolla.pdf Rolla City Map], KDOT

{{Morton County, Kansas}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Morton County, Kansas]]
[[Category:Cities in Kansas]]