Editing Roll film

{{Short description|Film roll with paper backing}}
[[Image:120 Film.jpg|thumb|right|A spool of [[Fujifilm]]-brand type 120 negative roll film]]
'''Roll film''' or '''rollfilm''' is any type of spool-wound [[photographic film]] protected from [[Electromagnetic spectrum#Visible_radiation_.28light.29|white light]] exposure by a paper backing. The term originated in contrast to [[sheet film]]. Confusingly, roll film was originally often referred to as "cartridge" film because of its resemblance to a [[shotgun]] cartridge.

The opaque backing paper allows roll film to be loaded in daylight. It is typically printed with frame number markings which can be viewed through a small red window at the rear of the camera. A spool of roll film is usually loaded on one side of the camera and pulled across to an identical take up spool on the other side of the [[shutter (photography)|shutter]] as exposures are made. When the roll is fully exposed, the take up spool is removed for processing and the empty spool on which the film was originally wound is moved to the other side, becoming the take up spool for the next roll of film.

==History==
[[File:Rollfilm 120.jpg|thumb|left|Classic 120 negative roll film, manufactured by [[Agfa-Gevaert]], with backing paper indicating total exposures available for 4.5×6, 6×6 and 6×9 cm camera film-frame sizes]]
In 1881 a farmer in Cambria, Wisconsin, Peter Houston, invented the first roll film camera. His younger brother David, filed the patents for various components of Peter's camera.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Archer|first=Myfanwy Morgan|title=Wisconsin man inventor of folding film roll Kodak features|journal=The Wisconsin Magazine of History|date=March 1933|volume=16|issue=3|pages=235 to 243|url=http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm/ref/collection/wmh/id/8779}}</ref>   
David Henderson Houston (born June 14, 1841; died May 6, 1906),<ref name="bn-dhh"/> originally from Cambria, Wisconsin,  patented the first holders for flexible roll film.<ref name="bn-dhh"/><ref name="mfh1940">[https://books.google.com/books?id=Yk5AAAAAIAAJ]{{cite book|last=Hammer|first=Mina Fisher |title=History of the kodak and its continuations|year=1940|publisher=The House of Little Books|pages=xv}}</ref> Houston moved to [[Hunter,_North_Dakota|Hunter]] in [[Dakota Territory]] in 1880. He was issued an 1881 patent for a roll film holder<ref>[https://patents.google.com/patent/US248179] US patent #248,179 for ''Photographic Apparatus'' is dated October 11, 1881; issued to David H. Houston of Cambria, WI.</ref><ref name="cbeane2008">{{cite book|title=Flower|url=https://archive.org/details/flower0000bean|url-access=registration|year=2008|publisher=Artisan Books|author=Christopher Beane|author2=Anthony F. Janson |page=[https://archive.org/details/flower0000bean/page/12 12]}}</ref> which he licensed to [[George Eastman]] (it was used in Eastman's [[Kodak]] 1888 [[box camera]]). Houston sold the patent (and an 1886 revision<ref>[https://patents.google.com/patent/US355084] 1886 patent #355084</ref>) outright to Eastman for $5000 in 1889.<ref name="bn-dhh"/><ref>Hammer, 1940, p.55.</ref><ref name="mrp2007">{{cite book|last=Peres|first=Michael R.|title=The Focal encyclopedia of photography|year=2007|publisher=Focal Press|pages=78}}</ref> Houston continued developing the camera, creating 21 patents for cameras or camera parts between 1881 and 1902.<ref name="bn-dhh">{{cite web|last=Nemenoff|first=Ben |title=Houston, David Henderson|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029204317/http://www.nd.gov/arts/online_artist_archive/images-pdfs/H/Houston_DavidHenderson.htm | archivedate=29 October 2013 | url=http://www.nd.gov/arts/online_artist_archive/images-pdfs/H/Houston_DavidHenderson.htm|publisher=nd.gov|accessdate=5 September 2010}}</ref><ref>Hammer, 1940, pp.55ff.</ref> In 1912 his estate transferred the remainder of his patents to Eastman.<ref name="bn-dhh"/>

[[File:Rollfilm Ilford FP4 HP5 und Fuji Velvia Astia Provia.jpg|thumb|right|Various brands of sealed 120 [[Negative (photography)|negative]] and [[reversal film|transparency]] roll films]] The most popular roll film format is [[120 film]], which is used in most [[Medium format (film)|medium format]] cameras and roll film magazines for [[Large format (photography)|large-format]] cameras. Until the 1950s, 120 roll film was, with the smaller [[127 film]], also used in the simplest of box cameras and other [[snapshot (photography)|snapshot]] cameras. The use of roll film in consumer cameras was largely superseded by [[135 film|135]] and [[126 film|126]] cartridges, but 120 and 220 (double length) film are still commonly used in medium format cameras.

==Automatic film speed sensing==
In 1998, [[Fujifilm]] introduced a film identification system for [[120 film|120]] and [[220 film|220 format]] roll film called ''[[Barcode System]]'' (with logo "|||B"). The [[barcode]] encoding the film format and length as well as the [[film speed]] and type is located on the sticker between the emulsion carrying film and the backing paper.<ref name="Paul_2008_Fuji-Barcode"/><ref name="Fujifilm_5845869"/><ref name="Fujifilm_6050489"/><ref name="Fujifilm_6208812"/><ref name="Fujifilm_6052538"/> This 13-bit barcode<ref name="Paul_2008_Fuji-Barcode"/><ref name="Fujifilm_5845869"/><ref name="Fujifilm_6050489"/><ref name="Fujifilm_6208812"/><ref name="Fujifilm_6052538"/> is optically scanned by newer [[medium format]] cameras like the Fujifilm GA645i Professional, GA645Wi Professional, GA645Zi Professional, GX645AF Professional, [[Fujifilm GX680III Professional|GX680III Professional]] and [[Fujifilm GX680IIIS Professional|GX680IIIS Professional]], the [[Hasselblad H1]], [[Hasselblad H2|H2]], [[Hasselblad H2F|H2F]] and [[Hasselblad H3D|H3D]] Model&nbsp;I with HM&nbsp;16-32, and the [[Contax 645&nbsp;AF]].<ref name="Paul_2008_Fuji-Barcode"/>

==See also==
* [[Film stock]]
* [[Brownie (camera)]]
* [[Film format]]
* [[List of color film systems]]
* [[List of film formats]]

==References==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="Paul_2008_Fuji-Barcode">{{cite web |title=Infos zu Mittelformatrollfilmen mit Barcodekennung - Barcodes auf Fujifilm Brownies |language=de |trans-title=Information on medium format rollfilms with barcodes suitable for detection through camera - Barcodes on Fujifilm brownies |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2008-08-24 |work=Minolta-Forum |url=http://www.mi-fo.de/forum/index.php?showtopic=21332 |access-date=2011-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804010215/http://www.mi-fo.de/forum/index.php?showtopic=21332 |archive-date=2016-08-04}} [https://archive.today/20190609115151/http://www.so-fo.de/t21332f36-Infos-zu-Mittelformatrollfilmen-mit-Barcodekennung.html<!-- a cache of the thread in another forum: http://www.so-fo.de/t21332f36-Infos-zu-Mittelformatrollfilmen-mit-Barcodekennung.html -->]</ref>
<ref name="Fujifilm_5845869">{{cite web |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US5845869 |title=US-Patent #6026250 "Camera, bar code reader for camera and method of detecting bar code reading |id=US6026250A |date=2000-02-15 |orig-year=1996-12-12, 1997-12-09 |author-first1=Shigenori |author-last1=Goto |author-first2=Hisashi |author-last2=Hamada |author-first3=Shiro |author-last3=Hashimoto |author-first4=Nobuhiro |author-last4=Aoki |author-first5=Tokuji |author-last5=Sato |publisher=[[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.]], [[Fuji Photo Optical Co., Ltd.]] |access-date=2018-01-22 }}</ref>
<ref name="Fujifilm_6050489">{{cite web |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US6050489 |title=US-Patent #6050489: Bar code system for brownie film and bar code reader of camera |id=US6050489A |date=2000-04-18 |orig-year=1997-04-08, 1998-04-08 |author-first1=Shigenori |author-last1=Goto |author-first2=Teruyoshi |author-last2=Makino |author-first3=Hisashi |author-last3=Hamada |author-first4=Tokuji |author-last4=Sato |publisher=[[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.]], [[Fuji Photo Optical Co., Ltd.]] |access-date=2018-01-22 }}</ref>
<ref name="Fujifilm_6208812">{{cite web |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US5845869 |title=US-Patent #6208812: Camera with bar code reader |id=US6208812A |date=2001-03-27 |orig-year=1997-05-21, 1998-05-21 |author-first1=Tokuji |author-last1=Sato |author-first2=Hisashi |author-last2=Hamada |author-first3=Shiro |author-last3=Hashimoto |author-first4=Shigenori |author-last4=Goto |author-first5=Tatsuo |author-last5=Saito |author-first6=Hiroyuki |author-last6=Arai |author-first7=Akio |author-last7=Omiya |author-first8=Makoto |author-last8=Akiba |publisher=[[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.]], [[Fuji Photo Optical Co., Ltd.]] |access-date=2018-01-22 }}</ref>
<ref name="Fujifilm_6052538">{{cite web |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US5845869 |title=US-Patent #6052538: Camera and exposure control method |id=US6052538A |date=2000-04-18 |orig-year=1996-12-12, 1997-12-09 |author-first1=Shigenori |author-last1=Goto |author-first2=Hisashi |author-last2=Hamada |publisher=[[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.]], [[Fuji Photo Optical Co., Ltd.]] |access-date=2018-01-22 }}</ref>
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roll Film}}
[[Category:Film formats]]
[[Category:Photography equipment]]