Editing Robert I of France

{{Short description|King of West Francia from 922 to 923}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox royalty
|name=Robert I
|image=Robert Ier roi des Francs.jpg
|caption=Robert I as depicted in a 14th century [[family tree]] of the [[Robertians]]
|reign= 29 June 922 – 15 June 923
|coronation= 29 June 922, [[Rheims]]
|cor-type=france
|full name=
|succession=[[List of French monarchs|King of West Francia]]
|predecessor=[[Charles the Simple]]
|successor=[[Rudolph of France|Rudolph]]
|spouses=[[Aelis]]<br />[[Béatrice of Vermandois]]
|issue=[[Emma of France|Emma, Queen of West Francia]]<br />[[Hugh the Great]] 
|issue-link=#Family
|issue-pipe=more...
|house=[[Robertian]]
|royal anthem =
|father=[[Robert the Strong]]
|mother=[[Adelaide of Tours]]
|birth_date={{Circa|866}}
|birth_place=
|death_date=15 June 923 (aged 57)
|death_place=[[Soissons]], France
|burial_place={{ill|Abbey of Sainte-Colombe, Saint-Denis-lès-Sens|fr|Abbaye Sainte-Colombe de Saint-Denis-lès-Sens}}
}}

'''Robert I''' ({{Circa|866}} – 15 June 923) was the elected King of [[West Francia]] from 922 to 923. Before his election to the throne he was [[Count of Poitiers]], [[Count of Paris]] and [[Marquess|Marquis]] of [[Neustria]] and [[Orléans]]. He succeeded the overthrown Carolingian king [[Charles the Simple]], who in 898 had succeeded Robert's brother, king [[Odo of France|Odo]].

==Life==
Robert was born in 866 as the [[posthumous son]] of [[Robert the Strong]], [[count of Anjou]] and [[Adelaide of Tours]].{{sfn|Riche|1983|p=table 4}}{{efn|It is not universally acknowledged that Odo and Robert were also Adelaide's sons.{{sfn|Jackman|2008|p=42}}}} He was the brother of [[Odo, Count of Paris|Odo]], who was elected king of [[West Francia]] in 888.{{sfn|Riche|1983|p=table 4}} In time West Francia evolved into the [[Kingdom of France]];{{sfn|Jones|2005|p=74}} and under Odo, the royal capital was fixed in [[Paris]]. Robert and Odo came from the [[Robertians|Robertian]] dynasty out of which the [[Capetian dynasty]] grew.{{sfn|Bradbury|2007|p=34}}

In 885 Robert participated in the defence of Paris during the [[Siege of Paris (885–886)|Viking siege of Paris]].{{sfn|Berkhofer|2004|p=29}} He was appointed by Odo as the ruler of several counties, including the [[Count of Paris|county of Paris]], and [[abbot]] ''[[commendam|in commendam]]'' of many abbeys. Robert also secured the office of ''[[Duke of the Franks|Dux Francorum]]'', a military dignity of high importance.

He did not claim the crown of West Francia when his brother died in 898; instead recognizing the supremacy of the [[Carolingian]] king, [[Charles the Simple]]. Charles then confirmed Robert in his offices and possessions, after which he continued to defend northern Francia from the attacks of [[Vikings]]. Robert defeated a large band of Vikings in the Loire Valley in 921, after which the defeated invaders converted to Christianity and settled near [[Nantes]].{{sfn|Collins|1999|p=376-377}}

==King==
The peace between King Charles the Simple and his powerful vassal was not seriously disturbed until about 921 when Charles' favoritism towards [[Hagano]] aroused rebellion. Supported by many of the clergy and by some of the most powerful of the Frankish nobles, Robert took up arms, drove Charles into [[Lotharingia]], and was himself crowned king of the Franks (''rex Francorum'') at [[Rheims]] on 29 June 922.{{sfn|Fanning|Bachrach|2011|p=6-7}}

Robert's rule was contested by the Viking leader [[Rollo]], who had settled in the [[Duchy of Normandy]] in 911 with the permission of Charles the Simple. During Robert's reign, Rollo remained loyal to Charles, who continued to contest his deposition.{{sfn|Collins|1999|p=376}} Gathering an army, Charles marched against Robert, and on 15 June 923 at the [[Battle of Soissons (923)|Battle of Soissons]] Robert was killed. However, his army won the battle and Charles was captured.{{sfn|Fanning|Bachrach|2011|p=7-8}} Charles remained a captive until his death in 929. Robert was succeeded as king by his son-in-law, [[Rudolph of France|Rudolph]].{{sfn|Collins|1999|p=361}}

==Family==
Robert's first wife was [[Aelis]].{{sfn|Fanning|Bachrach|2011|p=92}} They had: 
* Adela (name uncertain, sometimes also Adelaide or Adelais), married [[Herbert II, Count of Vermandois]]{{sfn|Fanning|Bachrach|2011|p=21,92}} 
* [[Emma of France]], married to [[Rudolph, Duke of Burgundy]]{{sfn|Riche|1983|p=table 4}}

Robert married for the second time {{circa|890}} to [[Beatrice of Vermandois]], daughter of [[Herbert I, Count of Vermandois]].{{sfn|Bautier|1985|p=555}} Together they had:
*[[Hugh the Great]], who was later ''dux Francorum''.{{sfn|Riche|1983|p=table 4}} Hugh was the father of King [[Hugh Capet]].{{sfn|Riche|1983|p=table 4}}


==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite journal |title=Anne de Kiev, Reine de France, et la Politique Royale au XI e Siecle: Étude critique de la documentation |first=Robert-Henri |last=Bautier |journal=Revue des études slaves  |publisher=Institut d'études slaves |volume=57 |year=1985 |issue=4 |pages=539–564 |doi=10.3406/slave.1985.5520 }}
*{{cite book |authorlink=Robert F. Berkhofer |first=Robert F. |last=Berkhofer |title=Day of Reckoning: Power and Accountability in Medieval France |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=2004 }}
*{{cite book |first=Jim |last=Bradbury |title=The Capetians: kings of France, 987–1328 |publisher=Hambledon Continuum |year=2007 }}
*{{cite book |first=Roger |last=Collins |title=Early Medieval Europe, 300–1000 |edition=2 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |year=1999 }}
*{{cite book |title=The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 916–966 |editor-first1=Steven |editor-last1=Fanning |editor-first2=Bernard S. |editor-last2=Bachrach  |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2011 }}
*{{cite book |title=Comparative Accuracy |first=Donald C. |last=Jackman |publisher=Editions Endlaplage |year=2008  }}
*{{cite book |first=Colin |last=Jones |title=The Cambridge Illustrated History of France |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2005 }}
*{{cite book |title= The Carolingians: A Family who Forged Europe |translator-first=Michael Idomir |translator-last=Allen |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=1983  |first=Pierre |last=Riche }}


{{s-start}}
{{succession box|title=[[List of French monarchs|King of West Francia]]|before=[[Charles the Simple]]|after=[[Rudolph of France|Rudolph]]|years=922–923}}
{{s-end}}

{{Monarchs of France}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Robert 01 of France}}
[[Category:10th-century kings of West Francia]]
[[Category:Robertians]]
[[Category:Frankish warriors]]
[[Category:860s births]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:923 deaths]]
[[Category:Monarchs killed in action]]