Editing Robert Adam

{{Short description|British neoclassical architect (1728–1792)}}
{{other people}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Robert Adam
| post-nominals = [[Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh|FRSE]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society of London|FRS]] [[Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland|FSAScot]] [[Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London|FSA]] [[Royal Society of Arts|FRSA]]
| image = Robert-adam.jpg
| alt = Portrait of Robert Adam
| caption = Portrait attributed to [[George Willison (artist)|George Willison]], {{circa|1770}}–1775
| nationality = [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1728|07|03|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kirkcaldy]], Fife, Scotland<ref name="celebration">{{cite book|page=60|title=Kirkcaldy: A History & Celebration of the Town|author=James, Jude|year=2005|publisher=Francis Frith Collection | isbn=1-84567-749-8 }}</ref>
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1792|03|3|1728|07|3}}
| alma_mater = [[University of Edinburgh]]
| death_place = [[London]], England
| resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} -->
| burial_place = [[Westminster Abbey]]
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| style = [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]]
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| father = [[William Adam (architect)|William Adam]]
| relatives = {{unbulleted list
|[[John Adam (architect)|John Adam]] (brother)
|[[James Adam (architect)|James Adam]] (brother) }}
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| module = {{Infobox architect | embed = yes
| nocat_wdimage      = 1 <!-- outer infobox shows image -->
| awards                = 
| practice              = Adam Brothers (Edinburgh, London)
|significant_buildings= [[Syon House]]<br />[[Culzean Castle]]<br />[[Kedleston Hall]]<br />[[Pulteney Bridge]]<br />[[Harewood House]]<br />[[Charlotte Square]]
| significant_projects  = 
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[[File:Robert Adam by James Tassie (medallion).jpg|thumb|Robert Adam by [[James Tassie]] (medallion)]]
'''Robert Adam''' {{Post-nominals|post-noms=[[Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh|FRSE]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society of London|FRS]] [[Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland|FSAScot]] [[Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London|FSA]] [[Royal Society of Arts|FRSA]]}} (3 July 1728{{spnd}}3 March 1792) was a British [[neoclassical architect]], interior designer and [[furniture designer]]. He was the son of [[William Adam (architect)|William Adam]] (1689–1748), Scotland's foremost architect of the time, and trained under him. With his older brother [[John Adam (architect)|John]], Robert took on the family business, which included lucrative work for the [[Board of Ordnance]], after William's death.

In 1754, he left for Rome, spending nearly five years on the continent studying architecture under [[Charles-Louis Clérisseau]] and [[Giovanni Battista Piranesi]]. On his return to Britain he established a practice in London, where he was joined by his younger brother [[James Adam (architect)|James]]. Here he developed the "[[Adam Style]]", and his theory of "movement" in architecture, based on his studies of antiquity and became one of the most successful and fashionable architects in the country. Adam held the post of [[Office of Works|Architect of the King's Works]] from 1761 to 1769.

Robert Adam was a leader of the first phase of the classical revival in England and Scotland from around 1760 until his death.<ref>Pevsner, p. 237</ref> He influenced the development of Western architecture, both in Europe and in [[Architecture of the United States|North America]]. Adam designed interiors and fittings as well as houses.<ref>Adam silver (1953). Victoria & Albert Museum, London. Her Majesty's Stationery Office ([[HMSO]]), p. 1.</ref> Much of his work consisted of remodelling existing houses, as well as contributions to Edinburgh's townscape and designing romantic pseudo-mediaeval country houses in Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Norwich|first=John Julius|title=Oxford Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Arts|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordillustrate00norw|url-access=limited|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1990|isbn=978-0198691372|location=US|pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordillustrate00norw/page/3 3]}}</ref>

He served as the member of Parliament for [[Kinross-shire (UK Parliament constituency)|Kinross-shire]] from 1768 to 1774.<ref name="Waterston">{{cite book |last1=Waterston |first1=Charles D|last2=Macmillan Shearer |first2=A|title=Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002: Biographical Index|url=http://www.rse.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf|access-date=28 December 2011|volume=I|date=July 2006|publisher=[[The Royal Society of Edinburgh]]|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-902198-84-5}}</ref>

==Biography==

===Early life===
[[Image:High School, Blackfriars 1578.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Royal High School (1578–1777) on site of Blackfriars Monastery, Edinburgh.]]
Adam was born on 3 July 1728 at Gladney House in [[Kirkcaldy]], Fife, the second son of Mary Robertson (1699–1761), the daughter of William Robertson of Gladney, and architect William Adam.<ref name="celebration" /><ref>{{Cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/105|title=Adam, Robert (1728–1792), architect|year=2004|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/105}}</ref> As a child he was noted as having a "feeble constitution".<ref>Fleming, p. 76</ref> From 1734 at the age of six Adam attended the [[Royal High School, Edinburgh]]<ref>Graham, p. 2</ref> where he learned [[Latin]] (from the second year lessons were conducted in Latin)<ref name="Graham, p. 4">Graham, p. 4</ref> until he was 15, he was taught to read works by [[Virgil]], [[Horace]], [[Sallust]] and parts of [[Cicero]] and in his final year [[Livy]].<ref name="Graham, p. 4"/> 

In autumn 1743, he matriculated at the [[University of Edinburgh]],<ref name="Graham, p. 26">Graham, p. 26</ref> and compulsory classes for all students were: the [[Greek language]], [[logic]], [[metaphysics]] and [[natural philosophy]].<ref name="Graham, p. 26"/> Students could choose three elective subjects, Adam attended classes in mathematics, taught by [[Colin Maclaurin]], and anatomy, taught by [[Alexander Monro (primus)|Alexander Monro ''primus'']].<ref>Graham, p. 27</ref> His studies were interrupted by the arrival of [[Bonnie Prince Charlie]] and his Highlanders, who occupied Edinburgh during the [[Jacobite rising of 1745]]. At the end of the year, Robert fell seriously ill for some months, and it seems unlikely that he returned to university, having completed only two years of study.<ref>Fleming, pp. 79–80</ref>

On his recovery from illness in 1746, he joined his elder brother John as apprentice to his father. He assisted William Adam on projects such as the building of [[Inveraray Castle]] and the continuing extensions of [[Hopetoun House]]. William's position as Master Mason to the [[Board of Ordnance]] also began to generate much work, as the Highlands were fortified following the failed Jacobite revolt. Robert's early ambition was to be an artist rather than architect, and the style of his early sketches in the manner of [[Salvator Rosa]] are reflected in his earliest surviving architectural drawings, which show picturesque [[gothic architecture|gothic]] [[Folly|follies]].<ref name="Fleming81">Fleming, p. 81</ref> William Adam died in June 1748, and left Dowhill, a part of the Blair Adam estate which included [[Dowhill Castle]], to Robert. From his father, Robert inherited an extensive library and extended it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Robert Adam 1728–1792 – Book Owners Online |url=https://www.bookowners.online/Robert_Adam_1728%E2%80%931792 |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=www.bookowners.online}}</ref>

===Architectural practice in Edinburgh===
[[Image:Hopetoun03.JPG|thumb|250px|Entrance front of [[Hopetoun House]], designed by William Adam and modified by the Adam Brothers]]

On William Adam's death, John Adam inherited both the family business and the position of Master Mason to the Board of Ordnance. He immediately took Robert into partnership, later to be joined by James Adam. The Adam Brothers' first major commission was the decoration of the grand [[state apartments]] on the first floor at Hopetoun House, followed by their first "new build" at [[Dumfries House]]. For the Board of Ordnance, the brothers were the main contractor at [[Fort George, Highland|Fort George]], a large modern fort near [[Inverness]] designed by [[military engineer]] Colonel [[William Skinner (British Army officer)|William Skinner]]. Visits to this project, begun in 1750, would occupy the brothers every summer for the next 10 years, and, along with works at many other barracks and forts, provided Robert with a solid foundation in practical building.<ref>Fleming, pp. 85–86</ref>

In the winter of 1749–1750, Adam travelled to London with his friend, the poet [[John Home]]. He took the opportunity for architectural study, visiting [[Wilton House|Wilton]], designed by [[Inigo Jones]], and the Queens Hermitage in [[Richmond, London|Richmond]] by [[Roger Morris (1695–1749)|Roger Morris]]. His sketchbook of the trip also shows a continuing interest in [[Gothic architecture]].<ref>Fleming, p. 85</ref>

Among his friends at Edinburgh were the philosophers [[Adam Ferguson]] and [[David Hume]] and the artist [[Paul Sandby]] whom he met in the Highlands. Other Edinburgh acquaintances included Gilbert Elliot, [[William Wilkie]], John Home and [[Alexander Wedderburn, 1st Earl of Rosslyn|Alexander Wedderburn]].<ref name="Fleming81"/>

===Grand Tour===
[[File:SPLIT-Adam plan restitution.jpg|thumb|left|Plan of the Diocletian palace in Split, Croatia. R. Adam 1764]]
[[File:Peristyle of Diocletian's Palace in Split, Robert Adam, 1764 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Peristyle of [[Diocletian's Palace]] in Split, Croatia. R. Adam 1764]]
On 3 October 1754, Robert Adam in the company of his brother James (who went as far as Brussels) set off from Edinburgh for his [[Grand Tour]], stopping for a few days in London, where they visited the [[Mansion House, London]], [[St Stephen Walbrook]],<ref>Graham, p. 47</ref> [[St Paul's Cathedral]], Windsor, Berkshire, in the company of [[Thomas Sandby]] who showed them his landscaping at [[Windsor Great Park]] and [[Virginia Water Lake]].<ref>Graham, p. 48</ref> They sailed from [[Dover]] arriving in [[Calais]]<ref>Graham, p. 50</ref> on 28 October 1754.<ref>Graham, p. 52</ref> He joined [[Charles Hope-Weir]], brother of the [[John Hope, 2nd Earl of Hopetoun|Earl of Hopetoun]] in Brussels<ref>Graham, p. 54</ref> and together they travelled to Rome.<ref>Graham, p. 49</ref> Hope agreed to take Adam on the tour at the suggestion of his uncle, the [[George Vanden-Bempde, 3rd Marquess of Annandale|Marquess of Annandale]], who had undertaken the Grand Tour himself. While in Brussels the pair attended a Play and [[wikt:masquerade|Masquerade]], as well as visiting churches and palaces in the city.<ref>Graham, p. 53</ref> Travelling on to [[Tournai]], then [[Lille]], where they visited the [[Citadel of Lille|citadel]] designed by [[Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban]].<ref>Graham, p. 53-54</ref> By 12 November 1754 Adam and Hope were in Paris where they took lodgings in Hotel de Notre Dame.<ref>Graham, p. 55</ref>

Adam and Hope travelled on to Italy together, before falling out in Rome over travelling expenses and accommodation. Robert Adam stayed on in Rome until 1757, studying classical architecture and honing his drawing skills. His tutors included the French architect and artist [[Charles-Louis Clérisseau]], and the Italian artist [[Giovanni Battista Piranesi]]. Here, he became acquainted with the work of the pioneering classical archaeologist and art historian, theorist [[Johann Joachim Winckelmann]]. On his return journey, Adam and Clerisseau spent time intensively studying the ruins of [[Diocletian's Palace]] at Spalatro in [[Dalmatia]] (now known as [[Split (city)|Split]], in modern [[Croatia]]).<ref>[http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=17691 C.M. Hogan, "Diocletian's Palace", The Megalithic Portal, A. Burnham ed, 6 Oct 2007]</ref> These studies were later published as ''Ruins of the Palace of the Emperor Diocletian at Spalatro in Dalmatia'' in 1764.

===Architectural practice in London===
[[Image:Admiralty Screen.jpg|thumb|left|[[Admiralty buildings|Admiralty Screen]] 1759–61, Whitehall, London, one of Adam's first executed buildings after his grand tour]]
[[Image:Kedleston Hall 20080730-06.jpg|thumb|[[Kedleston Hall]] in [[Derbyshire]]. The south front by Robert Adam, based on the [[Arch of Constantine]] in Rome]]
He returned to Britain in 1758 and set up in business in London with his brother James Adam. They focused on designing complete schemes for the decoration and furnishing of houses. [[Palladian architecture|Palladian]] design was popular, and Robert designed a number of country houses in this style,<ref>Roth, p. 397</ref> but he evolved a new, more flexible style incorporating elements of classical [[Roman architecture|Roman]] design alongside influences from [[Architecture of Ancient Greece|Greek]], [[Byzantine architecture|Byzantine]] and [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] styles.<ref>Roth, p. 402</ref> The Adam brothers' success can also be attributed to a desire to design everything down to the smallest detail, ensuring a sense of unity in their design. In Adam interiors, all the furnishings were custom designed to accord with the decoration of the room in a unified harmony. Often the carpets were woven to match the intricate patterns of the ceiling above, while every fitting including sconces, mirrors, and doorknobs also received a custom design emulating the motifs of the room.<ref name="Parissien"/><ref>{{cite book| title=Neoclassicism| url=https://archive.org/details/neoclassicism0000irwi| url-access=registration| author=David Irwin| publisher=Phaidon| year=1997| page=[https://archive.org/details/neoclassicism0000irwi/page/101 101]}}</ref>

{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title           = Adam Buildings Act 1772
| type                  = Act
| parliament            = Parliament of Great Britain
| long_title            = An Act for enabling John, Robert, James, and William Adam, to dispose of several Houses and Buildings, in the Parish of Saint Martin in the Fields, and Saint Mary le Bone, in the County of Middlesex, and other their Effects, by Way of Chance, in such Manner as may be most for the Benefit of themselves and Creditors.
| year                  = 1772
| citation              = [[13 Geo. 3]]. c. 75
| introduced_commons    = 
| introduced_lords      = 
| territorial_extent    = 
| royal_assent          = 1 July 1773
| commencement          = 
| expiry_date           = 
| repeal_date           = 
| amends                = 
| replaces              = 
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| millbankhansard       = 
| original_text         = 
| revised_text          = 
| use_new_UK-LEG        = 
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| collapsed             = yes
}}
The Adam practice was not without mishap, however. In 1768 the brothers purchased a 99-year lease for a marshy plot of land beside the Thames in [[Westminster, London|Westminster]], where they built a 24-house terrace development known as the [[Adelphi Buildings|Adelphi]].<ref name="Parissien">{{cite book| title=Adam Style| author=Steven Parissien| publisher=Phaidon| year=1992| pages=43–44}}</ref> The project was very ambitious and is the first instance where terraced houses were designed individually to give unified harmony to the whole development (previously terraced houses were built to one replicated design, side-by-side around a square).<ref name="Parissien"/> However, the project became a [[white elephant]] for Robert and his brothers, with uncertain financing and costs spiralling out of control. The houses were built on a huge artificial terrace resting on vaulted substructures on the level of the Thames, which Robert Adam was certain could be leased to the British government as warehouses. However, this intention failed to materialize; the Adam brothers were left with huge debts and, in 1772, had to lay off 3,000 workmen and cease building. Robert Adam himself moved into one of the houses in the Adelphi, along with supportive friends like [[David Garrick]] and [[Josiah Wedgwood]], who opened a showroom for his ceramics in one of the houses. In 1774, a public lottery authorised under the '''{{visible anchor|Adam Buildings Act 1772}}''' ([[13 Geo. 3]]. c. 75) was held to raise funds for the brothers, which allowed them to avert bankruptcy.<ref name="Parissien"/>

==Public life==
[[Image:Pulteney Bridge, Bath 2.jpg|thumb|left|200px|One of Adam's masterpieces: [[Pulteney Bridge]], Bath]]

Adam was elected a fellow of the [[Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce]] in 1758 and of the [[Society of Antiquaries of London|Society of Antiquaries]] in 1761, the same year he was appointed Architect of the [[Office of Works|King's Works]] (jointly with [[William Chambers (architect)|Sir William Chambers]]). His younger brother James succeeded him in this post when he relinquished the role in 1768 to devote more time to his elected office as member of [[Parliament of Great Britain|Parliament]] for [[Kinross-shire (UK Parliament constituency)|Kinross-shire]].

==Architectural style==
Adam rejected the [[Palladian]] style, as introduced to England by [[Inigo Jones]], and advocated by [[Lord Burlington]], as "ponderous" and "disgustful".<ref name="G&M106">Glendinning and McKechnie, p. 106</ref> However, he continued their tradition of drawing inspiration directly from [[classical antiquity]], during his four-year stay in Europe.<ref name="G&M106"/> Adam developed a new style of architectural decoration, one which was more archaeologically accurate than past neoclassical styles, but nonetheless innovative and not bound only by ancient precedents. In ''Works in Architecture'', co-authored by Robert and James, the brothers stated that Graeco-Roman examples should "serve as models which we should imitate, and as standards by which we ought to judge."<ref name="Parissien"/> The discoveries being made in [[Herculaneum]] and [[Pompeii]] at the time provided ample material for Robert Adam to draw on for inspiration.<ref name="Parissien"/>

The Adam brothers' principle of "movement" was largely Robert's conception, although the theory was first written down by James. "Movement" relied on dramatic contrasts and diversity of form, and drew on the [[picturesque]] aesthetic. The first volume of the Adam brothers' ''Works'' (1773) cited [[Kedleston Hall]], designed by Robert in 1761, as an outstanding example of movement in architecture.

By contrasting room sizes and decorative schemes, Adam applied the concept of movement to his interiors also. His style of decoration, described by Pevsner as "Classical [[Rococo]]", drew on Roman "[[grotesque]]" [[stucco]] decoration.<ref name="G&M106"/><ref>Pevsner, p. 238</ref>

==Influence==
[[File:Bookcase, Robert Adam (1728-1792), 1776 -IMG 1604.JPG|thumb|right|Adam designed bookcase 1776, probably built by [[Thomas Chippendale]]]] 
Adam's work had influenced the direction of architecture and design across the western world. In England his collaboration with [[Thomas Chippendale]] resulted in some of the finest neoclassicist designs of the time, most notably in the [[Harewood House]] collection of Chippendale's work. In North America, the [[Federal style]] owes much to neoclassicism as practised by Adam. In Europe, Adam notably influenced [[Charles Cameron (architect)|Charles Cameron]], the Scotsman who designed apartments in the [[Catherine Palace]], [[Tsarskoye Selo]] and other Russian palaces for [[Catherine the Great]].<ref>Glendinning & McKechnie, p. 108</ref> However, by the time of his death, Adam's neoclassicism was being superseded in Britain by a more severe, Greek phase of the classical revival, as practised by [[James Stuart (1713-1788)|James "Athenian" Stuart]]. The Adam brothers employed several draughtsmen who would go on to establish themselves as architects, including [[George Richardson (architect)|George Richardson]], and the Italian [[Joseph Bonomi the Elder|Joseph Bonomi]], who Robert originally hired in Rome.

===Written works===
During their lifetime Robert and James Adam published two volumes of their designs, ''Works in Architecture of Robert and James Adam'' (in 1773–1778 and 1779; a third volume was published posthumously, in 1822).

==Death and burial==
Adam had long suffered from stomach and bowel problems,<ref name="Graham">Graham, Roderick (2009) ''Arbiter of Elegance: A Biography of Robert Adam'', Birlinn, {{ISBN|978-1-84158-802-5}}, pp. 328–329</ref> probably caused by a [[peptic ulcer]] and [[irritable bowel syndrome]]. While at home – 11 [[Albemarle Street]], London – on 1 March 1792, one of the ulcers burst, and on 3 March Adam died.<ref name="Graham" />

The funeral was held on 10 March; he was buried in the south aisle of [[Westminster Abbey]].<ref name="Graham" /> The [[pall-bearer]]s were several of his clients: [[Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch]]; [[George Coventry, 6th Earl of Coventry]]; [[James Maitland, 8th Earl of Lauderdale]]; [[David Murray, 2nd Earl of Mansfield]]; [[Lord Frederick Campbell]] and [[Sir William Pulteney, 5th Baronet]].<ref name="Graham" />

Knowing he was dying, he drafted his will on 2 March 1792. Having never married, Adam left his estate to his sisters Elizabeth Adam and Margaret Adam.<ref name="Graham" />

His [[obituary]] appeared in the March 1792 edition of ''[[The Gentleman's Magazine]]'':<ref>Graham, p. 330</ref>

<blockquote>
It is somewhat remarkable that the Arts should be deprived at the same time of two of their greatest ornaments, Sir [[Joshua Reynolds]] and Mr Adam: and it is difficult to say which of them excelled most in his particular profession. ... Mr Adam produced a total change in the architecture of this country: and his fertile genius in elegant ornament was not confined to the decoration of buildings, but has been diffused to every branch of manufacture. His talents extend beyond the lie of his own profession: he displayed in his numerous drawings in landscape a luxuriance of composition, and an effect of light and shadow, which have scarcely been equalled ... to the last period of his life, Mr Adam displayed an increasing vigour of genius and refinement of taste: for in the space of one year preceding his death, he designed eight great public works, besides twenty five private buildings, so various in their style, and so beautiful in their composition, that they have been allowed by the best judges, sufficient of themselves, to establish his fame unrivalled as an artist.
</blockquote>

He left nearly 9,000 drawings, 8,856 of which (by both Robert and James Adam) were subsequently purchased in 1833 for £200 by the architect [[John Soane]] and are now at the [[Sir John Soane's Museum|Soane Museum]] in London.<ref>page 11, ''The Adam Brothers in Rome: Drawings from the Grand Tour'', A.A. Tait, 2008 Scala Publishers Ltd, {{ISBN|978-1-85759-574-1}}</ref>

==List of architectural works==
Works include:<ref>David King, The Complete Works of Robert & James Adam, 1991, Butterworth</ref>
===Public buildings===
* [[Fort George, Scotland]], the buildings within the fort were designed by [[William Adam (architect)|William Adam]], after his death his sons oversaw completion (1748–1769)
* The Argyll Arms, [[Inveraray]] (1750–1756)
* The Town House, Inveraray (1750–1757)
* [[Royal Exchange, Edinburgh]], with his brother John Adam (1753–1754)
* Screen in front of the [[Admiralty buildings|Old Admiralty]], Whitehall, London (1760)
* Kedleston Hotel, [[Quarndon]] (1760)
* Little Market Hall, [[High Wycombe]], Buckinghamshire (1761) later altered
* Riding School, Edinburgh (1763) demolished
* Courts of Justice and Corn Market, [[Hertford]], Hertfordshire, now [[Shire Hall, Hertford|Shire Hall]] (1768). Altered, but partially restored to original design. A joint project with James Adam.
* [[Pulteney Bridge]], Bath (1770)
* County House, [[Kinross]] (1771)
* [[Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures & Commerce]] (1772)
* [[National Archives of Scotland#General Register House|Register House]], Edinburgh (1774–1789)
* [[Market Cross, Bury St Edmunds]], refaced and upper floor added (a theatre now art gallery) (1776)
* [[Theatre Royal, Drury Lane]], London, remodelled, (1775) demolished
* Red Lion Inn, [[Pontefract]] (1776)
* [[Drummonds Bank]], Charing Cross, London (1777–1778) demolished
*[[Home House]], London (1777)
* [[Old College, University of Edinburgh]], (1788–onwards) completed to an amended design by [[William Henry Playfair]] 1831
* The Bridewell, Edinburgh, (1791) demolished
* The Assembly Rooms, Glasgow (1791–1794) demolished
* [[Trades Hall]], Glasgow, Scotland (1791–1792) (completed 1792–1802 by his brothers)
* [[Glasgow Royal Infirmary]] (1791–1794) rebuilt 1914
* [[Coutts]] Bank enclosed bridge, John Adam Street (1799) later demolished

<gallery>
File:Edinburgh City Chambers.jpg|[[City Chambers, Edinburgh]]
File:AdamBrothersRecordsOfficeEdinburgh1775.jpg|Register House, Edinburgh
File:Register House cross section.jpg|Register House, cross section, Edinburgh
File:Register House, Edinburgh.jpg|Register House, Edinburgh
File:Old College.JPG|Old College Edinburgh, Dome added later
File:Bury St Edmunds - Market Cross.jpg|Market Cross, Bury St Edmunds
File:Drury lane facade 1775.png|Theatre Royal Drury Lane, London, rebuilt
File:Edinburgh from Calton Hill 2.jpg|Edinburgh Bridewell in foreground, demolished
File:Pulteney Bridge Bath.jpg|Pulteney Bridge, Bath
File:Little Market House - geograph.org.uk - 1127978.jpg|Little Market Hall, High Wycombe
File:McLennan Arch - geograph.org.uk - 277897.jpg|McLennan Arch, Glasgow, built from the remains of Glasgow Assembly Rooms
File:The Kedleston Hotel and Restaurant - geograph.org.uk - 284906.jpg|Kedleston Hotel, Quarndon
File:Coutts 20130414 170.jpg|[[Coutts]] Bank, John Adam Street, demolished and replaced with this building
File:Register House rotunda (2892537345).jpg|Register House Edinburgh, interior of the dome
</gallery>

===Churches===
* [[Yester Chapel]], Lothian, new west front in Gothic style (1753)
* [[Cumnock]] church, Ayrshire (1753–1754) demolished
* St. Mary Magdalene, [[Croome Park]], interior (1761–1763) the church was designed by [[Lancelot "Capability" Brown]]
* [[St Andrew's Church, Gunton|St. Andrew's Church, Gunton Hall, Gunton]], Norfolk (1769)
* [[Mistley Towers|St Mary's, Mistley]] (1776) only the towers survive
* St. George's Chapel, Edinburgh, (1792) demolished
<gallery>
File:Mistley Church by Robert and James Adam. Published 1776.jpg|Mistley Church as built
File:Mistley towers 700.jpg|Mistley Church as it survives
File:St Andrew, Gunton, Norfolk - geograph.org.uk - 318535.jpg|St. Andrew's Church Gunton
File:Yester Chapel.jpg|Yester Chapel, west front
</gallery>

===Mausoleums===
* William Adam Mausoleum, [[Greyfriars Kirkyard]] (1753–1755)
* [[Bowood House]] Mausoleum (1761–1764)
* [[David Hume]] Mausoleum, [[Old Calton Cemetery]] (1777–1778)
* Templetown Mausoleum, [[Castle Upton]], County Antrim Ireland (1789) for 2nd Lord Templetown.
* Johnstone Family Mausoleum, Ochil Road graveyard, [[Alva, Clackmannanshire]] (1789–1790)
* Johnstone Family Mausoleum, Westerkirk graveyard, near Bentpath, [[Dumfries and Galloway]] (1790)
<gallery>
File:Old Calton David Hume.jpg|David Hume Mausoleum
File:The Templetown Mausoleum - geograph.org.uk - 78372.jpg|Templetown Mausoleum
File:The Johnstone Mausoleum, Bentpath - geograph.org.uk - 208025.jpg|Johnstone Family Mausoleum, Bentpath
</gallery>

===Urban domestic work===
* Little Wallingford House, [[Whitehall]], London, alterations (1761) demolished
* [[Lansdowne House]], Berkeley Square, London (1762–1767), partially demolished, the Dining Room is in the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] and the Drawing Room is in [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]]
* 34 [[Pall Mall, London]] (1765–1766) demolished
* [[Mary Street, Dublin#Langford House|Langford House]], Mary Street, Dublin, Ireland. (1765) First recorded work in Ireland remodelling of house for Rt. Hon. [[Hercules Langford Rowley]]. Demolished 1931.<ref>{{cite web |title=1765 – Interior Designs, Langford House, Mary St., Dublin |url=https://www.archiseek.com/2013/1765-langford-house-mary-st-dublin/ |website=Archiseek – Irish Architecture |access-date=4 November 2022 |date=11 January 2013}}</ref>
* 16 [[Hanover Square, London]], alterations (1766–1767) demolished
* Deputy Ranger's lodge, [[Green Park]], London (1768–1771) demolished in the 19th century
* The [[Adelphi, London|Adelphi]] development, London (1768–1775) mostly demolished 1930s, a ceiling & fireplace are in the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]]
* [[Chandos House]], London (1770–1771)
* 8 Queen Street, Edinburgh (1770–1771) originally designed for Lord Chief Baron Ord, now housing the [[Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=History of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh|last=Craig|first=W. S.|publisher=Blackwell|year=1976|location=Oxford|pages=73–74}}</ref>
* [[Mansfield Street, London|Mansfield Street]], London (1770–1772)
* [[Northumberland House]], London, alterations (1770) demolished, parts of the Glass Drawing Room survive in the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]]
* 20 [[St. James's Square]] (1771–1774)
* 33 St. James's Square (1771–1773)
* Ashburnham House, Dover Street, London, alterations (1773)
* Derby House, 26 [[Grosvenor Square]] (1773–1774) demolished
* [[Portland Place]], London (1773–1794) (only a few houses survive)
* 11 St. James's Square (1774–1776)
* Frederick's Place, London (1775–1778)
* Roxburghe House, [[Hanover Square, London]] (1776–1778) demolished
* [[Home House]], London (1777 – before 1784)
* 31 (now 17) Hill Street, London alterations (1777–1779)
* [[Apsley House]], London (1778) altered
* [[Cumberland House]], Pall Mall, London, alterations and interiors (1780–1788) demolished
* [[Marlborough House, Brighton|Marlborough House]], Brighton (1786)
* [[Fitzroy Square]], London (1790–1794) only the south and east sides were built
* [[Charlotte Square]] (north side), Edinburgh (1791–1794)
* 169–185 High Street, Glasgow (1793) demolished
* 1–3 Robert Street

<gallery>
File:Charlotte Square - geograph.org.uk - 105918.jpg|North side, Charlotte Square, Edinburgh
File:Bute House, Edinburgh, Scotland.jpg|Centre of North side, Charlotte Square, Edinburgh
File:Chandos House.jpg|Chandos House London
File:Home House 05.jpg|Music Room, Home House, London
File:Home House 09.jpg|Drawing Room, Home House, London
File:HomeHouseEtruscanRoom.jpg|Design for the Etruscan Room, Home House, London
File:Home House 10.jpg|Detail of the Etruscan Room, Home House, London
File:Home House 03.jpg|Staircase, Home House, London
File:Home House 04.jpg|Staircase Dome, Home House, London
File:Fitzroy Square S.jpg|South side, Fitzroy Square, London
File:Fitzroy Square E.jpg|East side, Fitzroy Square, London
File:Polish Embassy 47 Portland Place London.jpg|Surviving Adam Houses, Portland Place, London
File:Adelphi 20130414 161.jpg|The Adelphi, London, largely demolished
File:WLA vanda Robert Adam Ceiling roundel with octagon and Apollo and Horae.jpg|Robert Adam ceiling from the Adelphi, now in the V&A
File:WLA vanda Model of Northumberland House.jpg|Model of the Glass Drawing Room Northumberland House, in the V&A
File:WLA vanda glass drawing room Northumberland House.jpg|Panels from the Glass Drawing Room Northumberland House, in the V&A
File:Derby Great withdrawing room Countess's Dressing room.jpg|Design for fireplaces in the withdrawing room and the Countess of Derby's dressing room, Derby House
File:Derby House 2nd withdrawing room.jpg|Drawing Room, Derby House
File:Dercy House drawing-room1777.jpg|Drawing Room, Derby House
File:Derby House1777.jpg|Plan, Derby House
File:AdamBrothersCountessofDerbysDressingroomEtruscanTaste1777.jpg|Ceiling, Countess of Derby's Dressing Room, Derby House
File:Robert and James Adam. Details for Derby House in Grosvenor Square. Published 1777.jpg|Details for Derby House in Grosvenor Square, an example of the Adam Brothers' decorative designs
File:RobertJamesAdamengravedJohnRobertsfacadeWatkinWilliamsWynnStJames1777.jpg|20 St. James's Square, London, front facade
File:20 St James's Square - elevation of the offices towards the back court 1777.jpg|20 St. James's Square, London, rear facade
File:Wynn House Dining Room ceiling 1777.jpg|Dining Room ceiling, 20 St. James's Square, London
File:RobertJamesAdamengravedTMorrisMusicRoomCeilingWatkinWilliamsWynnStJames1775.jpg|Music Room ceiling, 20 St. James's Square, London
File:20 St James's Square 2nd drawing room edited.jpg|Drawing Room ceiling, 20 St. James's Square, London
File:Robert Adam fireplace, Round room, Strawberry Hill.jpg|Fireplace, Round room, [[Strawberry Hill House]], Middlesex
File:Robert Adam 20130414 154.jpg|1-3 Robert Street
File:Lansdowne House Philadelphia 01.JPG|Lansdowne House Drawing Room, now in Philadelphia Art Museum
File:Dining room from Lansdowne House MET DT211259.jpg|Lansdown House dining room, now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
</gallery>

===Country houses with major work===
* [[Dumfries House]], Ayrshire (1754–1759)
* [[Hatchlands Park]], Surrey, interiors (1756)
* [[Douglas Castle]], Lanarkshire (1757–1761)
* [[Paxton House, Berwickshire|Paxton House]], near [[Berwick-upon-Tweed]] (1758)
* [[Shardeloes]], Amersham, Buckinghamshire (altered and completed the original design by [[Stiff Leadbetter]]) (1759–63)
* [[Harewood House]], West Yorkshire (1759–1771)
* [[Kedleston Hall]], near [[Derby]] (1759–1765)
* [[Mellerstain House]], Kelso, Scottish Borders (1760–1768)
* [[Ugbrooke]], Devon
* [[Osterley Park]], west London (1761–1780)
* [[Mersham le Hatch]], [[Mersham]], Ashford, Kent (1762–1766)
* [[Syon House]] interior, [[Brentford]] (1762–1769)
* [[Luton Hoo]], Bedfordshire (1766–1770) later extensively reconstructed 1816 by [[Robert Smirke (architect)|Robert Smirke]] and other architects later
* [[Nostell Priory]] (1766–80)
* [[Newby Hall]], Newby [[Boroughbridge]], North Yorkshire (1767–76)
* [[Kenwood House]], Hampstead, London (1768)
* [[Saltram House]], Plymouth, Devon (1768–69)
* [[Bowood House]], near [[Calne]], Wiltshire, Diocletian wing, and other interiors (1770)
* [[Wedderburn Castle]], Duns, Scottish Borders, Berwickshire (1770–1778)
* [[Culzean Castle]], South Ayrshire (1772–1790)
* [[Moreton Hall (Suffolk)|Moreton Hall]], Suffolk (1773–1776), building and interiors
* [[Stowe, Buckinghamshire]] (1774)
* [[Moreton Hall (Suffolk)|Moreton Hall]], Bury St Edmund (1783)
* [[Brasted Place, Kent]] ({{circa|1783}})
* [[Pitfour Castle]], Tayside, attributed ({{circa|1785–90}})
* [[Seton Castle]], East Lothian (1789)
* [[Newliston]], Lothian (1789)
* [[Dalquharran Castle]], South Ayrshire (1789–1792); now a ruin
* [[Airthrey Castle]], Stirlingshire (1790–1791)
* [[Balbardie House]], Lothian (1792); demolished
* [[Gosford House]], near [[Longniddry]], East Lothian (1790–1800)
<gallery>
File:Paxton House.jpg|Paxton House, Berwickshire
File:Kedleston Hall 04.jpg|South front, Kedleston Hall
File:Kedleston cross section.jpg|Cross section, Kedleston Hall
File:Inside Kedleston.jpg|Kedleston Hall, Marble Hall
File:Stowe House 04.jpg|South front, Stowe House, slightly modified in execution
File:AdamBrothersHallatSyon1778.jpg|Cross section of Hall, Syon House, London
File:Syon Plan.jpg|Plan, Syon House, London
File:Syon House, Great Hall.jpg|Apse, Entrance Hall, Syon House
File:Syon House 2.jpg|The Dining Room, Syon House
File:Syon House 1.jpg|The Ante-Room, Syon House
File:Syon House, Ante room, Gilded panels (2).jpg|The ceiling, Ante-Room, Syon House
File:Syon House, Long Gallery.jpg|Long Gallery, Syon House
File:Syon House, Long Gallery, Circular Closet.jpg|Closet off Long Gallery, Syon House
File:Kenwood House.jpg|Kenwood House, London
File:Kenwood House 088.jpg|Entrance portico, Kenwood House, London
File:Kenwood-House-JBU 04.jpg|Kenwood House, Library
File:RobertAdamLibraryKenwood1774 edited.jpg|Cross section of the library, Kenwood House, London
File:Kenwood Library ceiling edited.jpg|The library ceiling, Kenwood House, London
File:Nostell Priory 1.jpg|Nostell Priory, Yorkshire, Adam wing on right
File:Culzean Castle - geograph.org.uk - 1437106.jpg|Culzean Castle, Ayrshire
File:Culzean Castle - the seaward side - geograph.org.uk - 976649.jpg|Culzean Castle, Ayrshire
File:Pitfour Castle.jpg|Pitfour Castle, Tayside
File:The Saloon (7279934644).jpg|The Saloon, Saltram House
File:Bowood House 3.jpg|Bowood House, Adam's Diocletian wing on left, the main block demolished in 1950s
File:Orangery, Bowood House - geograph.org.uk - 1572435.jpg|Bowood House, Diocletian wing
File:Wedderburn Castle.jpg|Wedderburn Castle, [[Berwickshire]]
File:Entrance Hall ceiling - Harewood House - West Yorkshire, England - DSC01582.jpg|The Entrance Hall Ceiling, Harewood House
File:Harewood Castle 01.jpg|Harewood House, Yorkshire, altered by Sir [[Charles Barry]]
File:Harewood House The State Bedroom.jpg|Harewood House, State Bedroom
File:State Bedroom ceiling - Harewood House - West Yorkshire, England - DSC01810.jpg|The Ceiling, State Bedroom, Harewood House
File:Harewood House The Old Library.jpg|Harewood House, Old Library
File:Music Room ceiling, with paintings by Angelica Kaufman - Harewood House - West Yorkshire, England - DSC02050.jpg|Harewood House, Music Room Ceiling
File:Harewood House The Music Room.jpg|The Music Room, Harewood House
File:Gallery ceiling by Robert Adam - Harewood House - West Yorkshire, England - DSC01960.jpg|Gallery ceiling, Harewood House
File:Gallery - Harewood House - West Yorkshire, England - DSC01996.jpg|The Gallery, Harewood House
File:Gallery fireplace, design by Robert Adam - Harewood House - West Yorkshire, England - DSC01966.jpg|Gallery fireplace, Harewood House
File:Newliston House - geograph.org.uk - 1306052.jpg|Newliston House 
File:Dalquarran Castle - geograph.org.uk - 790426.jpg|Dalquarran Castle, Ayrshire
File:Luton Hoo.jpg|Luton Hoo House, Bedfordshire, altered by Sir [[Robert Smirke (architect)|Robert Smirke]] and again in the late 19th century
File:Mellerstain House - geograph.org.uk - 52335.jpg|Mellerstain House, Berwickshire
File:Osterley Park 800.jpg|Osterley Park, London
File:Osterley Park Interior.jpg|Main Staircase, Osterley Park, London
File:Osterley Park House-11891497834.jpg|Entrance Hall, Osterley Park, London
File:Drawing Room Ceiling, Osterley House.jpg|Osterley Park, Drawing Room Ceiling
File:WP 004275.jpg|Portico Ceiling, Osterley Park
</gallery>

===Garden buildings and follies===
* Stables, [[Inveraray Castle]], joint work with his brother John (1758–1760)
* North Lodge, [[Kedleston Hall]] (1759)
* Circular and Octagon pavilion, La Trappe, Hammersmith (1760) for George Bubb Dodington (demolished)
* Conservatory [[Croome Park]] (1760)
* Rotunda [[Croome Park]], attributed (1760)
* Old Rectory, Kedleston Hall ({{circa|1761}})
* Entrance screen, [[Moor Park, Hertfordshire]] (1763)
* The Conservatory, [[Osterley Park]] (1763)
* Bridge, [[Audley End House]], Essex ({{circa|1763–1764}})
* Tea Pavilion, Moor Park, Hertfordshire ({{circa|1764}})
* Gatehouse [[Kimbolton Castle]] ({{circa|1764}})
* Bridge, [[Kedleston Hall]] (1764)
* Estate Village [[Lowther, Cumbria]] (1766)
* Dunstall 'Castle' and Garden Alcove, Croome Park (1766)
* Entrance arch, Croome Court (1767)
* Entrance Screen, Cullen House, [[Cullen, Moray]] (1767)
* Bridge, Osterley Park ({{circa|1768}})
* Entrance screen, [[Syon House]] (1769)
* Fishing, Boat & Bath House, Kedleston Hall (1770–71)
* Circular Temple, Audley End House, Essex (1771)
* Lion Bridge, [[Alnwick]] (1773)
* Stag Lodge, Saltram House, Devon ({{circa|1773}})
* The Stables, Featherstone entrance & Huntwick arch [[Nostell Priory]] (1776)
* Wyke Green Lodges, Osterley, Middlesex (1777); remodelled
* The Home Farm, [[Culzean Castle]], Ayrshire (1777–1779)
* Brizlee Tower, Alnwick, Gothic tower (1777–1781)
* Oswald's Temple, [[Auchincruive]], Ayrshire (1778)
* 'Ruined' arch and viaduct, Culzean Castle (1780)
* The semi-circular conservatory, Osterley Park (1780)
* Tea House Bridge, Audley End House, Essex (1782)
* The Stables, Culzean Castle ({{circa|1785}})
* Stables, Castle Upton, Templepatrick, County Antrim, Ireland. (1788–1789). Important range of office buildings in castle style
* Montagu Bridge, [[Dalkeith Palace]], Lothian (1792)
* Loftus Hall, Fethard-on-sea, County Wexford, Ireland. Date unknown. Proposed gates
* Lion Gate and Lodge, Syon Park, London. Date unknown

<gallery>
File:Syon Gateway and porters' lodges 1769 edited.jpg|Screen, Syon House, London
File:No-longer used entrance to Syon Park, Brentford - geograph.org.uk - 1123299.jpg|The Lion Gate, Syon Park, London
File:Kimbolton Castle 03.jpg|Gatehouse, Kimbolton Castle
File:Entrance gates Croome Court.jpg|Entrance Arch, Croome Park, Worcestershire
File:Croome Landscape Park - geograph.org.uk - 42459.jpg|Garden Alcove, Croome Court, Worcestershire
File:Rotunda Croome Park.jpg|Rotunda, Croome Park, Worcestershire
File:Dunstall "Castle" - geograph.org.uk - 15460.jpg|Dunstall "Castle", Croome Court, Worcestershire
File:Brizlee Tower - Alnwick - Northumberland - UK - 2006-03-04.jpg|Brizlee Tower, Alnwick
File:2008-09-14 Osterley GardenHouse.jpg|The semi-circular conservatory, Osterley Park
File:Nostell Priory Park2.jpg|Featherstone entrance, Nostell Priory, Yorkshire
File:Oswald's Temple, Auchincruive - geograph.org.uk - 1149431.jpg|Oswald's Temple, [[Auchincruive]], Ayrshire
File:Robert AdamFishing Room and Boat House at Kedleston Circa 1769.JPG|Kedleston Fishing, Bathing & Boat House
File:Boathouse Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1472741.jpg|Kedleston Bridge
File:Entering The Culzean Visitor Centre - geograph.org.uk - 1229843.jpg|Former Home Farm, Culzean Castle
File:Model Village, Lowther - geograph.org.uk - 59691.jpg|Lowther Castle Model Village 
File:Montagu Bridge, Dalkeith Country Park - geograph.org.uk - 1589872.jpg|Montagu Bridge, Dalkeith Palace
File:The Lion Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 919287.jpg|The Lion Bridge, Alnwick
File:Tea House Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1442099.jpg|Tea House Bridge, Audley End
File:Clock Tower, Upton Castle, Templepatrick - geograph.org.uk - 33750.jpg|Clock Tower, Stables, Castle Upton, County Meath
File:Culzean Castle - clock tower courtyard - geograph.org.uk - 1560844.jpg|Stables, Culzean Castle, Ayrshire

</gallery>

===Country houses with minor work===
* [[Hopetoun House]], West Lothian (interiors) (1750–1754), the house was designed by [[William Adam (architect)|William Adam]]
* [[Ballochmyle Hospital|Ballochmyle House]], Ayrshire ({{circa|1757–1760}})
* [[Compton Verney House]], added the wings and interiors (1760–1763)
* [[Croome Park]], three interiors: the Library the fittings are in the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]], Gallery and Tapestry Room this is now in the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], (1760–1765)
* [[Audley End House]], redecoration of ground floor rooms (1763–1765)
* [[Goldsborough Hall]], near [[Knaresborough]], North Yorkshire (1764–1765)
* [[Alnwick Castle]], Northumberland (interiors) (1766) destroyed when [[Anthony Salvin]] created the current state rooms
* [[Woolton Hall]], Woolton, Merseyside (1772), remodelled main façade and the interior
* [[Headfort House]], County Meath, Ireland. Internal work, including stairs and notably the Great Eating Room (1775) for Thomas Taylour, 1st. Earl Bective.
* [[Wormleybury]], Hertfordshire, internal work including entrance hall & staircase (1777)
* Downhill, near [[Coleraine]], County Londonderry, Ireland. (1780) Design for dining room. Not executed. House is now a crumbling ruin.
* [[Moccas Court]], Moccas, Herefordshire, internal work including drawing room (1781)
* Castle Upton, Templepartick, County Antrim, Ireland. Remodelling of house. (1782–1783) for 1st. Lord Templetown.
* [[Archerfield Estate and Links|Archerfield House]], Lothian, internal work including library (1791)
* [[Summerhill House]], County Meath, Ireland. 1765 unexecuted. Proposed alterations including a quadrant link connecting two wings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Summerhill House, Co. Meath: unexecuted design for an extension to the house for the Rt Hon. Hercules Langford Rowley, 1765 (1) |url=https://collections.soane.org/SCHEME1164 |website=collections.soane.org |access-date=30 June 2023}}</ref>
<gallery>
File:Summerhill House, Main front.jpg|Summerhill House, Main Front.
File:Comptonverney.jpg|Compton Verney House, wings by Adam
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Adam style]]
* [[:Category:Robert Adam buildings]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* Adam, Robert (1764) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=gri.ark:/13960/t7np4xp43&view=1up&seq=51 ''Ruins of the palace of the Emperor Diocletian at Spalatro in Dalmatia'']
* Beard, Geoffrey (1978) ''The Work of Robert Adam'', John Bartholomew & Son. {{ISBN|0-702810-87-8}}
* Bolton, Arthur T. (1922, reprinted 1984) ''The Architecture of Robert & James Adam, 1785–1794'', 2 volumes {{ISBN|0-907462-49-9}}
* Curl, James Stevens (2006) ''Oxford Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture'' 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-860678-8}}
* Fleming, John (1962) ''Robert Adam and his Circle'' John Murray {{ISBN|0-7195-0000-1}}
* Glendinning, Miles, and McKechnie, Aonghus, (2004) ''Scottish Architecture'', Thames and Hudson. {{ISBN|0-500-20374-1}}
* Graham, Roderick (2009) ''Arbiter of Elegance: A Biography of Robert Adam'' (Birlinn, {{ISBN|978-1-84158-802-5}})
* Harris, Eileen (1963) ''The Furniture of Robert Adam'' Alec Tiranti, London. {{ISBN|0-85458-929-5}}.
* Harris, Eileen (2001) ''The Genius of Robert Adam: His Interiors'' {{ISBN|0-300-08129-4}}
* [[James Lees-Milne|Lees-Milne, James]] (1947) ''The Age of Adam''
* [[Nikolaus Pevsner|Pevsner, Nikolaus]] (1951) ''An Outline of European Architecture'' 2nd Edition. Pelican
* Roderick, Graham (2009) ''Arbiter of Elegance A Biography of Robert Adam''. Birlinn {{ISBN|978-1-84158-802-5}}
* {{cite book | first=Leland M. | last=Roth | year=1993 | title=Understanding Architecture: Its Elements, History and Meaning | edition=First | publisher=Westview Press | location=Boulder, CO | isbn=0-06-430158-3 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/understandingarc00roth }}
* Stillman, Damie (1966) ''The Decorative Work of Robert Adam'' {{ISBN|0-85458-160-X}}
* Tait, A. A. (2004) [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/105 "Adam, Robert (1728–1792)"], ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'', Oxford University Press, {{doi|10.1093/ref:odnb/105}}
* [[Doreen Yarwood|Yarwood, Doreen]] (1970) ''Robert Adam'' {{ISBN|0-460-03824-9}} and {{ISBN|0-460-02130-3}} (1973 paperback)
* Belamarić, Joško – Šverko, Ana (eds.): Robert Adam and Diocletian's Palace in Split, Zagreb 2017, {{ISBN|978-953-0-60975-4}}

==Further reading==
* {{Eminent Scotsmen|Adam, Robert|1|18–20}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Adam, Robert}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}

* {{UK National Archives ID}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|gb}}
{{succession box |
 title=Member of Parliament for [[Kinross-shire (UK Parliament constituency)|Kinross-shire]] |
 before=[[Robert Colvile]]<br /><small>(to 1761)</small> |
 years=1768–1774 |
 after=[[George Graham (1730-1801)|George Graham]]<br /><small>(from 1780)</small>
}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-new| office}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Office of Works|Architect of the King's Works]]|years=1761–1769 |alongside=[[William Chambers (architect)|Sir William Chambers]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Robert Taylor (architect)|Sir Robert Taylor]] and [[James Adam (architect)|James Adam]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adam, Robert}}
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[[Category:1792 deaths]]
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[[Category:People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
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[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Scottish constituencies]]
[[Category:British MPs 1768–1774]]
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[[Category:People of the Scottish Enlightenment]]
[[Category:Politics of Perth and Kinross]]
[[Category:Scottish antiquarians]]
[[Category:18th-century Scottish architects]]
[[Category:18th-century Scottish male artists]]
[[Category:Scottish furniture designers]]
[[Category:Scottish interior designers]]
[[Category:British neoclassical architects]]
[[Category:Burials at Westminster Abbey]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland]]