Editing Rijksmuseum

{{short description|National museum in Amsterdam, Netherlands}}
{{About|the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam|other national museums in the Netherlands|List of Rijksmuseums}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox museum
| name             = Rijksmuseum
| logo             = Logo Rijksmuseum.svg
| logo_upright     = .8
| logo_size        = 250px
| image            = South facade of the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam (DSCF0528).jpg
| image_upright    = 1.15
| caption          = Rijksmuseum at the [[Museumplein]] in 2019
| alt              = Façade of the Rijksmuseum as seen from the Museum Square
| established      = 19 November 1798<ref name="history">[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/organisation/history-of-the-rijksmuseum History of the Rijksmuseum], Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 4 April 2013.</ref>
| location         = Museumstraat 1<ref name="address">
[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/general-information/address-and-route Address and route], Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 4 April 2013.</ref><br />[[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]]
| type             = {{hlist|[[National museum]]|[[Art museum]]|[[History museum]]}}
| collection       = 1&nbsp;million objects<ref name="renovation"/>
| visitors         = 2.7 million (2023)<ref>{{cite web |title=Rijksmuseum rounds off historic year |url=https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/press/press-releases/rijksmuseum-rounds-off-historic-year |website=rijksmuseum.nl |publisher=Rijksmuseum |access-date=2 September 2024}}</ref>
| director         = [[Taco Dibbits]]<ref name="boards">[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/organisation/organisation-chart/supervisory-board-and-board-of-directors Board of Directors], Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 4 April 2013.</ref>
| president        = [[Jaap de Hoop Scheffer]]<ref name="boards"/>
| owner            =
| publictransit    = [[Trams in Amsterdam|Tram]]: {{nowrap|2 [[File:Amsterdam tramlijn 2.svg|11px|Tram line 2]]}}, {{nowrap|5 [[File:Amsterdam tramlijn 5.svg|11px|Tram line 5]]}}, {{nowrap|7 [[File:Amsterdam tramlijn 7.svg|11px|Tram line 7]]}}, {{nowrap|10 [[File:Amsterdam tramlijn 10.svg|11px|Tram line 10]]}}, {{nowrap|12 [[File:Amsterdam tramlijn 12.svg|11px|Tram line 12]]}}
Bus: 26, 65, 66, 170, 172, 197<ref name="address"/>
| car_park         = 
| network          = 
| website          = {{URL|https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en}}
| mapframe-zoom    = 15
}}

The '''Rijksmuseum''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈrɛiksmyˌzeːjʏm|lang|Nl-Rijksmuseum.ogg}}) is the [[national museum]] of the Netherlands dedicated to Dutch [[arts]] and [[history]] and is located in [[Amsterdam]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The beginning|url=https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/organisation/history-of-the-rijksmuseum|website=History of the Rijksmuseum|publisher=Rijksmuseum|access-date=2 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.theindependentbd.com//magazine/details/7145/Amsterdam-%E2%80%93-Venice-of-the-North|title=Amsterdam {{•}} Venice of the North|work=The Independent|location=Bangladesh|first=Shamim|last=Ahmed|access-date=15 June 2022|date=10 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615062341/https://m.theindependentbd.com//magazine/details/7145/Amsterdam-%E2%80%93-Venice-of-the-North|archive-date=15 June 2022}}</ref> The museum is located at the [[Museumplein|Museum Square]] in the [[stadsdeel|borough]] of [[Amsterdam-Zuid|Amsterdam South]], close to the [[Van Gogh Museum]], the [[Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam]], and the [[Concertgebouw, Amsterdam|Concertgebouw]].<ref>[http://www.iamsterdam.com/sitecore/content/Data/Uitbureau/Locations/Museumplein?sc_lang=en-GB Museumplein] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813042229/http://www.iamsterdam.com/sitecore/content/Data/Uitbureau/Locations/Museumplein?sc_lang=en-GB |date=13 August 2012 }}, I Amsterdam. Retrieved 4 April 2013.</ref>

The Rijksmuseum was founded in [[The Hague]] on 19 November 1798 and moved to Amsterdam in 1808, where it was first located in the [[Royal Palace (Amsterdam)|Royal Palace]] and later in the [[Trippenhuis]].<ref name="history"/> The current main building was designed by [[Pierre Cuypers]] and first opened in 1885.<ref name="renovation">[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/renovation/the-renovation The renovation], Rijksmuseum. Retrieved on 4 April 2013.</ref> On 13 April 2013, after a ten-year renovation which cost [[euro|€]]375&nbsp;million, the main building was reopened by [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Queen Beatrix]].<ref name="bbcopening">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-22024351 "Rijksmuseum set for grand reopening in Amsterdam"]. BBC News. 4 April 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.</ref><ref name="renovationcost">[https://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21576065-new-golden-age "The Rijksmuseum reopens: A new golden age"]. ''[[The Economist]]'' (London). 13 April 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Dutch Prize Their Pedal Power, but a Sea of Bikes Swamps Their Capital |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/21/world/europe/a-sea-of-bikes-swamps-amsterdam-a-city-fond-of-pedaling.html?pagewanted=2&_r=2&smid=tw-nytimes&partner=rss&emc=rss& |newspaper=The New York Times |date=20 June 2013}}</ref> In 2013 and 2014, it was the [[List of most visited museums in the Netherlands|most visited museum in the Netherlands]] with record numbers of 2.2&nbsp;million and 2.47&nbsp;million visitors.<ref name="visitors2014">[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/downloads/d9e1071a-647f-4d1b-ac10-186c6f768088/RM-JVS-2014.pdf Jaarverslag 2014] (in Dutch), Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 23 January 2017.</ref><ref name="visitors2013">[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/downloads/443ce976-21b3-4712-9d5b-7877a9973ed7/Rijksmuseum-jaarverslag-2013.pdf Jaarverslag 2013] (in Dutch), Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 23 January 2017.</ref> It is also the [[list of largest art museums|largest]] art museum in the country.

The museum has on display 8,000 objects of [[art]] and [[history]], from their total collection of 1&nbsp;million objects from the years 1200–2000, among which are some masterpieces by [[Rembrandt]], [[Frans Hals]], and [[Johannes Vermeer]]. The museum also has a small [[Asia]]n collection, which is on display in the Asian pavilion.

==History==
The collection of the Rijksmuseum was built over a period of 200 years and did not originate from a royal collection incorporated into a national museum. Its origins were modest, with its collection fitting into five rooms at the [[Huis ten Bosch]] palace in The Hague. Although the seventeenth century was beginning to be recognized as the key period in Dutch art, the museum did not then hold paintings by Frans Hals, Rembrandt, Jan Steen, Johannes Vermeer, or Jacob van Ruisdael. The collection was built up by purchase and donation.  Napoleon had carried off the stadholder's collection to Paris; the paintings were returned to The Netherlands in 1815 but housed in the [[Mauritshuis]] in The Hague rather than the Rijksmuseum. With the founding of the Rijksmuseum in 1885, holdings from other entities were brought together to establish the Rijksmuseum's major collections.<ref>"The changing picture of art of the Golden Age in the Rijksmuseum" in ''Netherlandish Art, 1600–1700''. New Haven: Yale University Press 2000, 268–71</ref>

===18th century===
[[File:Isaac Gogel.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Alexander Gogel|Isaac Gogel]] (1765–1821)]]

In 1795, the [[Batavian Republic]] was proclaimed; its [[Minister of Finance]] [[Alexander Gogel|Isaac Gogel]] argued that a national museum, following the French example of [[The Louvre]], would serve the national interest. On 19 November 1798, the government decided to found the museum.<ref name="history"/><ref name="nrc">{{in lang|nl}} Roelof van Gelder, [http://retro.nrc.nl/W2/Lab/Profiel/Rijksmuseum/schatkamer.html Schatkamer met veel gezichten], 2000. Retrieved 15 April 2013.</ref>

===19th century===
On 31 May 1800, the National Art Gallery ([[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''Nationale Kunst-Galerij''), precursor of the Rijksmuseum, opened in [[Huis ten Bosch]] in [[The Hague]]. The museum exhibited around 200 paintings and historic objects from the collections of the Dutch [[stadtholder]]s.<ref name="history"/><ref name="nrc"/> 
In 1805, the National Art Gallery moved within [[The Hague]] to the [[Prince William V Gallery]], on the [[Buitenhof (The Hague)|Buitenhof]].<ref name="history"/> In 1806, the [[Kingdom of Holland]] was established by [[Napoleon]] Bonaparte. On the orders of king [[Louis Bonaparte]], brother of Napoleon, the museum moved to [[Amsterdam]] in 1808. Paintings owned by that city, such as ''[[The Night Watch]]'' by [[Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn|Rembrandt]], became part of the collection. In 1809, the museum opened in the [[Royal Palace (Amsterdam)|Royal Palace]] in [[Amsterdam]].<ref name="history"/>

In 1817, the museum moved to the [[Trippenhuis]]. The Trippenhuis turned out to be unsuitable as a museum. In 1820, the historical objects were moved to the [[Mauritshuis]] in The Hague and in 1838, the 19th-century paintings "''of living masters''" were moved to King Louis Bonaparte's former summer palace [[Paviljoen Welgelegen]] in [[Haarlem]].<ref name="history"/>

{{Quote box
 | quote  = "Did you know that a large, new building will take the place of the Trippenhuis in Amsterdam? That's fine with me; the Trippenhuis is too small, and many paintings hang in such a way that one can't see them properly."
 | source =&nbsp;– [[Vincent van Gogh]] in a letter to his brother [[Theo van Gogh (art dealer)|Theo]] in 1873.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let004/letter.html |title=To Theo van Gogh. The Hague, Tuesday, 28 January 1873.  |access-date=24 March 2018}}</ref> Vincent himself would later become a painter and some of his works would be hanging in the museum.
 | width  = 30em
 | align  = left
|bgcolor=#FFFFF0
}}

In 1863, there was a [[Architectural design competition|design contest]] for a new building for the Rijksmuseum, but none of the submissions was considered to be of sufficient quality. [[Pierre Cuypers]] also participated in the contest and his submission reached the second place.<ref name="bma1">{{cite web
  | title = Stadhouderskade 42. Rijksmuseum (1876/85)
  | work = Monumenten en Archeologie in Amsterdam
  | publisher = [[Amsterdam (municipality)|City of Amsterdam]]
  | url = http://www.bma.amsterdam.nl/adam/nl/msp/rijksmuseum.html
  | access-date = 1 April 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070209104451/http://www.bma.amsterdam.nl/adam/nl/msp/rijksmuseum.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 9 February 2007|language=nl}}</ref>

In 1876, a new contest was held and this time Pierre Cuypers won. The design was a combination of [[gothic architecture|gothic]] and [[renaissance]] elements. The construction began on 1 October 1876. On both the inside and the outside, the building was richly decorated with references to Dutch art history. Another contest was held for these decorations. The winners were [[Bart van Hove|B. van Hove]] and {{Ill|Frantz Vermeylen|fr}} for the [[sculpture]]s, {{Ill|Georg Sturm|nl}} for the [[tile panel]]s<!-- {{Ill|Tegeltableau|nl} --> and [[painting]] and W.F. Dixon<!-- {{Q|104919162}} --> for the [[stained glass]]. The museum was opened at its new location on 13 July 1885.<ref name="bma1"/>{{dead link|date=January 2016}}

In 1890, a new building was added a short distance to the south-west of the Rijksmuseum. As the building was made out of fragments of demolished buildings, the building offers an overview of the history of Dutch [[architecture]] and has come to be known informally as the 'fragment building'. It is also known as the 'south wing' and is currently (in 2013) branded the ''[[Philips]] Wing''.

===20th century===
[[File:Afscheid van Neerlands kunstschatbewaarder Weeknummer 59-49 - Open Beelden - 31178.ogv|thumb|Dutch newsreel from 1959]]

In 1906, the hall for ''[[The Night Watch]]'' was rebuilt.<ref name="bma1"/> In the interior more changes were made between the 1920s and 1950s – most multi-coloured wall decorations were painted over. In the 1960s exposition rooms and several floors were built into the two courtyards. The building had some minor renovations and restorations in 1984, 1995–1996 and 2000.<ref name="bma2">{{cite web
  | title = Stadhouderskade 42. Rijksmuseum (1876/85). Interieur
  | work = Monumenten en Archeologie in Amsterdam
  | publisher = [[Amsterdam (municipality)|City of Amsterdam]]
  | url = http://www.bma.amsterdam.nl/adam/nl/msp/rijksi.html
  | access-date = 1 April 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070202201716/http://www.bma.amsterdam.nl/adam/nl/msp/rijksi.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2 February 2007|language=nl}}</ref>

A renovation of the south wing of the museum, also known as the 'fragment building' or 'Philips Wing', was completed in 1996, the same year that the museum held its first major photography exhibition featuring its extensive collection of 19th-century photos.<ref>''A new art: photography in the 19th century. The photo collection of the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam'', edited by curators Mattie Boom and Hans Rooseboom, preface by Peter Schatborn and Ronald de Leeuw, essays by Jan Piet Filedt Kok, Mattie Boom, Hans Rosenboom, Robbert van Venetie, Hedi Hegeman, Andreas Blühm, Saskia Asser and Annet Zondervan, Rijksmuseum & Van Gogh Museum, 1996, {{ISBN|90-5349-193-7}}</ref>

===21st century===
[[File:RIJKSMUSEUM, Cruz y Ortiz, foto- Duccio Malagamba (14220948766).jpg|thumb|The atrium after the renovation in 2013]]
[[File:Incoming state visit France - 52826077562.jpg|thumb|French President [[Emmanuel Macron]] with members of the French and Dutch governments at the Rijksmuseum in 2023]]
In December 2003, the main building of the museum closed for a major renovation. During this renovation, about 400 objects from the collection were on display in the 'fragment building', including [[Rembrandt]]'s ''The Night Watch'' and other 17th-century masterpieces.<ref>{{cite web
 |title        = Final Design The New Rijksmuseum
 |work         = The New Rijksmuseum
 |publisher    = Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
 |url          = http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/hetnieuwerijksmuseum/definitief-ontwerp?lang=en
 |access-date   = 1 April 2007
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090919133348/http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/hetnieuwerijksmuseum/definitief-ontwerp?lang=en
 |archive-date = 19 September 2009
 |url-status     = dead
}}</ref>

The [[Building restoration|restoration]] and [[renovation]] of the Rijksmuseum are based on a design by Spanish architects [[Cruz y Ortiz|Antonio Cruz and Antonio Ortiz]]. Many of the old interior decorations were restored and the floors in the courtyards were removed. The renovation would have initially taken five years, but was delayed and eventually took almost ten years to complete. The renovation cost [[euro|€]]375&nbsp;million.<ref name="renovationcost"/>

The reconstruction of the building was completed on 16 July 2012. In March 2013, the museum's main pieces of art were moved back from the 'fragment building' (Philips Wing) to the main building. ''[[The Night Watch]]'' returned to the Night Watch Room, at the end of the Hall of Fame. On 13 April 2013, the main building was reopened by Queen Beatrix.<ref name="bbcopening"/> On 1 November 2014, the Philips Wing reopened with the exhibition ''[[Modern Times: Photography in the 20th Century]]''.

===List of directors===
[[File:Queen Beatrix and Wim Pijbes.jpg|thumb|[[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Queen Beatrix]] and museum director [[Wim Pijbes]] in 2013]]
* [[Cornelis Sebille Roos]]<ref name="history"/>
* [[Cornelis Apostool]] (1808–1844)<ref name="history"/>
* [[Jan Willem Pieneman]] (1844–1847)<ref>[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio/artists/jan-willem-pieneman Jan Willem Pieneman] Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 25 June 2023.</ref>
* {{ill|Johann Wilhelm Kaiser|nl}} (1873–1883)
* [[Frederik Daniël Otto Obreen]] (1883–1896)<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/search/objecten?q=directeur+rijksmuseum&v=list&p=1&ps=10#/SK-A-2724,1 Frederik Daniël Otto Obreen (1840–96)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103114539/https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/search/objecten?q=directeur+rijksmuseum&v=list&p=1&ps=10#/SK-A-2724,1 |date=3 November 2013 }}, Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 2 May 2013.</ref>
* [[Barthold Willem Floris van Riemsdijk]] (1897–1921)<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.geheugenvannederland.nl/?/en/items/RIJK01xxCOLONxxSK-A-3101 Jonkheer Barthold Willem Floris van Riemsdijk (1850–1942)], Geheugen van Nederland. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
* [[Frederik Schmidt-Degener]] (1921–1941)<ref>{{in lang|nl}} A.A.M. de Jong, [http://www.historici.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten/BWN/lemmata/bwn1/schmidt Schmidt Degener, Frederik (1881–1941)], Historici.nl, 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
* [[David Röell]] (1945–1959)<ref>{{in lang|nl}} Th.J. Meijer, [http://www.historici.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten/BWN/lemmata/bwn2/roelldc Röell, jhr. David Cornelis (1894–1961)], Historici.nl, 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
* [[Arthur F.E. van Schendel]] (1959–1975)<ref name="gedonderjaag">{{in lang|nl}} Lucette ter Borg, "[http://www.volkskrant.nl/vk/nl/2844/Archief/archief/article/detail/559153/2000/10/12/Gedonderjaag-in-het-Rijksmuseum.dhtml Gedonderjaag in het Rijksmuseum]", ''[[de Volkskrant]]'', 2000. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
* [[Simon Levie]] (1975–1989)<ref name="gedonderjaag"/>
* [[Henk van Os]] (1989–1996)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalartmuseum.de/site/person/58 |title=Henk van Os |access-date=25 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102204035/http://www.globalartmuseum.de/site/person/58 |archive-date=2 November 2013 }}</ref>
* [[Ronald de Leeuw]] (1996–2008)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://press.khm.at/fileadmin/content/KHM/Presse/2011/Wintermaerchen/CV_Prof__Ronald_de_Leeuw_engl.pdf |title=CV Prof. Dr. (h. c.) Ronald de Leeuw |publisher= [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]] |access-date=25 April 2013}}</ref>
* [[Wim Pijbes]] (2008–2016)<ref>Charlotte Higgins (5 April 2013).[https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2013/apr/05/rijksmuseum-reopens-long-refurbishment-rethink "Rijksmuseum to reopen after dazzling refurbishment and rethink"]. ''[[The Guardian]]'' (London). Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
* [[Taco Dibbits]] (2016–present)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Taco Dibbits|url=https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/taco-dibbits|access-date=2020-08-23|website=Rijksmuseum}}</ref>

== Building ==
[[File:RIJKSMUSEUM, Cruz y Ortiz, foto- Duccio Malagamba (14264273823).jpg|thumb|The Gallery of Honour]]
The building of the Rijksmuseum was designed by [[Pierre Cuypers]] and opened in 1885. It consists of two squares with an atrium in each centre. In the central axis is a tunnel with the entrances at ground level and the Gallery of Honour at the first floor. The building also contains a library. The fragment building, branded Philips wing, contains building fragments that show the history of architecture in the Netherlands. The Rijksmuseum is a ''[[rijksmonument]]'' (national heritage site) since 1970<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [https://archive.today/20140306092445/http://monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl/php/main.php?cAction=show&cOBJnr=5680 Monumentnummer: 5680], [[Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed]]. Retrieved on 6 March 2014.</ref> and was listed in the [[Top 100 Dutch heritage sites]] in 1990. The Asian pavilion was designed by [[Cruz y Ortiz]] and opened in 2013.

According to Muriel Huisman, Project Architect for the Rijksmuseum's renovation, "Cruz y Ortiz always like to look for synergy between old and new, and we try not to explain things with our architecture". With the Rijks, "there’s no cut between old and new; we’ve tried to merge it. We did this by looking for materials that were true to the original building, resulting in a kind of silent architecture."<ref name="archdaily.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.archdaily.com/496461/rijksmuseum-revisited-the-dutch-national-museum-one-year-on/|title = Rijksmuseum Revisited: The Dutch National Museum One Year on|date = 15 April 2014}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Trippenhuis Amsterdam interior 003.jpg|The Rijksmuseum was located in the [[Trippenhuis]] between 1817 and 1885.
File:P.J.H. Cuypers Rijksmuseum perspective.jpg|Drawing of the design by [[Pierre Cuypers]] in 1876.
File:Rijksmuseum Amsterdam ca 1895.jpg|Front of Cuypers' building, circa 1895.
File:Museo Nacional, Ámsterdam, Países Bajos, 2016-05-30, DD 16-18 HDR.jpg|View of the facade by night.
File:Amsterdam 2016 Rijksmuseum.webm|Video of the Rijksmuseum (2016).
</gallery>

==Collection==
{{See also|120 Paintings from the Rijksmuseum|List of painters in the collection of the Rijksmuseum}}
[[File:Royal Charles.jpg|thumb|Royal crest from the stern of the ''Royal Charles'']]
The collection of the Rijksmuseum consists of 1&nbsp;million objects and is dedicated to [[arts]], [[crafts]], and [[history]] from the years 1200 to 2000. Around 8,000 objects are currently on display in the museum.<ref name="renovation"/>

The collection contains more than 2,000 [[painting]]s from the [[Dutch Golden Age]] by notable painters such as [[Jacob van Ruisdael]], [[Frans Hals]], [[Johannes Vermeer]], [[Jan Steen]], [[Rembrandt]], and Rembrandt's pupils.<ref name="renovation"/><!-- For a list of these painters as well as from other time periods, see the [[list of painters in the collection of the Rijksmuseum]].-->

The museum also has a small Asian collection which is on display in the Asian pavilion.<ref name="renovation"/>

Some of the more unusual items in the collection include the royal crest from the [[stern]] of {{HMS|Royal Charles|1660|6}} which was captured in the [[Raid on the Medway]], the [[Hartog plate]] and the FK35 ''Bantam'' biplane.

In 2012,<ref>{{cite web|title=Rijksmuseum lanceert Rijksstudio|url=http://creativecommons.nl/2012/10/31/rijksmuseum-lanceert-rijksstudio/|website=Creative Commons Nederland|access-date=30 July 2015|language=nl|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409100122/http://creativecommons.nl/2012/10/31/rijksmuseum-lanceert-rijksstudio/|url-status=dead}}</ref> the museum made some 125,000 [[high-resolution]] images available for download via its Rijksstudio webplatform,<ref>[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio Rijkstudio] promotes and enables the reuse of the Rijksmuseum collection.</ref> with plans to add another 40,000 images per year until the entire collection of one million works is available, according to [[Taco Dibbits]], director of collections.<ref>{{cite news |author=Nina Siegal |title=Masterworks for One and All |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/29/arts/design/museums-mull-public-use-of-online-art-images.html?adxnnl=1&ref=todayspaper&adxnnlx=1369842073-mpR6CFhG/PEY5pGGJfuDXw |work=The New York Times |date=28 May 2013 |access-date=28 May 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |people=Erik Boekesteijn |date=12 April 2013 |title=TWIL #94: Peter Gorgels (Internet Manager Rijksmuseum) |series=This Week in Libraries |medium=Video podcast |url=http://www.thisweekinlibraries.com/?p=520 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720095444/http://www.thisweekinlibraries.com/?p=520 |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 July 2013 |access-date=11 June 2013 |publisher=Shanachiemedia |location=Amsterdam }}</ref> As of January 2021, the Rijksstudio hosts 700,000 works, available under a [[Creative Commons license|Creative Commons 1.0 Universal]] license, essentially copyright-free and royalty-free.

==Gallery==
<gallery heights="150" mode="packed">
File:Frans Hals - Portret van een stel in een landschap - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Marriage Portrait of Isaac Massa and Beatrix van der Laen|Portrait of a Young Couple]]'' (1622) by [[Frans Hals]]
File:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn - Jeremia treurend over de verwoesting van Jeruzalem - Google Art Project.jpg|''Jeremiah Lamenting the Destruction of Jerusalem'' (1630) by [[Rembrandt]]
File:Frans Hals, De magere compagnie.jpg|''[[Meagre Company|The Meagre Company]]'' (1633–37) by [[Frans Hals]] and [[Pieter Codde]]
File:La ronda de noche, por Rembrandt van Rijn.jpg|''[[The Night Watch]]'' (1642) by [[Rembrandt]]
File:Bartholomeus van der Helst, Banquet of the Amsterdam Civic Guard in Celebration of the Peace of Münster.jpg|''Banquet at the Crossbowmen’s Guild in Celebration of the Treaty of Münster'' (1648) by [[Bartholomeus van der Helst]]
File:Jan Asselijn - De bedreigde zwaan; later opgevat als allegorie op Johan de Witt - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[The Threatened Swan]]'' ({{circa}} 1650) by [[Jan Asselijn]]
File:Johannes Vermeer - Het melkmeisje - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[The Milkmaid (Vermeer)|The Milkmaid]]'' ({{circa}} 1657–58) by [[Johannes Vermeer]]
File:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn - Portret van een paar als Oud-Testamentische figuren, genaamd 'Het Joodse bruidje' - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[The Jewish Bride]]'' ({{circa}} 1667) by [[Rembrandt]]
File:Portret van een meisje in het blauw Rijksmuseum SK-A-3064.jpeg|''[[Girl in a Blue Dress]]'' (1641) by [[Johannes Cornelisz Verspronck]]
File:Jacob Isaacksz. van Ruisdael - Landschap met waterval - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Landscape with Waterfall]]'' (1660s) by [[Jacob van Ruisdael]]
File:Shivaji Rijksmuseum.jpg|[[Shivaji]]'s portrait (1680s) in the Rijksmuseum (1630–80)
File:De Slag bij Waterloo Rijksmuseum SK-A-1115.jpeg|''[[The Battle of Waterloo (Pieneman painting)|The Battle of Waterloo]]'' (1824) by [[Jan Willem Pieneman]]
</gallery>

==Special exhibitions==
===Rembrandt===
in 2019, to mark the 350th anniversary of the artist's death, the museum mounted an exhibition of all the works by Rembrandt in its collection. Consisting of 22 paintings, 60 drawings and over 300 prints, this was the first time they had all been exhibited together. Principal features were the marriage portraits of Marten Soolmans and Oopjen Coppit along with the presentation of the ''Night Watch'' immediately before its planned restoration. The exhibition ran from February to June.<ref>{{cite web |title=For the First Time Ever, the Rijksmuseum Is Showing All 400 of Its Rembrandts at Once. Take a Look Inside the Momentous Exhibition |url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/all-the-rembrandt-rijksmuseum-1465762 |website=Artnet |date=15 February 2019 |access-date=22 November 2022}}</ref>

=== Slavery in the Dutch Empire ===
After previous temporary exhibitions on art historical themes, the Rijksmuseum in 2021 presented an exhibition on the history of [[slavery]] in the [[Dutch colonial empire]], focusing on the more than 1.6 million people who were enslaved by Dutch slave traders.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Siegal|first=Nina|date=2021-06-04|title=Telling Stories of Slavery, One Person at a Time|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/04/arts/design/rijksmuseum-slavery-exhibition.html|access-date=2021-10-12|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> It covered [[Atlantic slave trade|trans-Atlantic slavery]] from the 17th to the 19th century in [[Suriname]], Brazil and the Caribbean, as well as Dutch colonial slavery in South Africa and Asia, where the [[Dutch West India Company]] (WIC) and the [[Dutch East India Company]] (VOC) were engaged in slavery. Besides objects, such as a wooden block for locking slaves, paintings, archival documents, oral sources, poems and music, the exhibition also presented connections of the slavery system at home in the Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Slavery – Rijksmuseum|url=https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/whats-on/exhibitions/past/slavery|access-date=2021-10-12|website=Rijksmuseum.nl}}</ref> In the permanent collection, labels were added to 77 paintings and objects that had been seen as symbols of the country's wealth and power to indicate previously hidden links to slavery.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rijksmuseum & Slavery – New light on the permanent collection|url=https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/whats-on/exhibitions/rijksmuseum-and-slavery|access-date=2021-10-12|website=Rijksmuseum.nl}}</ref>

The exhibition was presented both physically in the museum from May to August 2021 and in an online version.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021|title=Slavery – 10 people, 10 stories|url=https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/stories/exhibitions/slavery|access-date=2021-10-12|website=Rijksmuseum.nl}}</ref> It was complemented by audio tours and videos relating personal and real-life stories<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trailer exhibition Slavery|url=https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/whats-on/exhibitions/past/slavery/story/trailer-slavery|access-date=2021-10-12|website=Rijksmuseum.nl}}</ref> as well as an accompanying book titled ''Slavery''.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Sint Nicolaas|first1=Eveline|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1237644513|title=Slavery : the story of João, Wally, Oopjen, Paulus, van Bengalen, Surapati, Sapali, Tula, Dirk, Lohkay|last2=Smeulders|first2=Valika|last3=Boom|first3=Irma|publisher=Atlas Contact|year=2021|isbn=978-90-450-4427-9|location=Amsterdam|oclc=1237644513}}</ref>

=== Vermeer ===
From 10 February until June 2023 the Rijksmuseum began to exhibit the biggest collection of Vermeers ever, with 28 of the known 37 works on display. Curator [[Pieter Roelofs]] called it a "once in a lifetime" event.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nos.nl/artikel/2461858-straks-28-vermeers-in-het-rijksmuseum-een-echte-once-in-a-lifetime|title=Straks 28 Vermeers in het Rijksmuseum: 'Een echte once in a lifetime'|work=[[Nederlandse Omroep Stichting]]|date=31 January 2023|access-date=5 February 2023|language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2023/feb/03/vermeer-will-never-look-the-same-amsterdam-rijksmuseum-exhibition|title=Vermeer will never look the same after Amsterdam exhibition|work=[[the Guardian]]|first=Jonathan |last=Jones|date=4 February 2023|access-date=5 February 2023}}</ref> All time slot reservations were quickly sold out.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bekker |first1=Henk |title=Rijksmuseum – Largest Vermeer Exhibition Ever in Amsterdam in 2023 |url=https://www.european-traveler.com/netherlands/rijksmuseum-largest-vermeer-exhibition-ever-in-amsterdam-in-2023/#:~:text=In%202023%2C%20the%20Rijksmuseum%20Amsterdam,online%20and%20well%20in%20advance. |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=European Traveler |date=3 February 2023}}</ref>

== Number of visitors ==
{|- class="wikitable" 
!year||visitors||rowspan="11"  style="background:transparent"|&nbsp;||year||visitors||rowspan="11"  style="background:transparent"|&nbsp;||year||visitors
! rowspan="11" |&nbsp;
!year
!visitors
|-
|1975||1,412,000<ref name="visitors1975">{{in lang|nl}} [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/nu-in-het-museum/nieuws/openingsjaar-rijksmuseum-breek-alle-records Openingsjaar Rijksmuseum breek alle records] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228175959/https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/nu-in-het-museum/nieuws/openingsjaar-rijksmuseum-breek-alle-records |date=28 December 2013 }}, Rijksmuseum, 2013. Retrieved on 2013-12-27.</ref>
|2000||1,146,438<ref name="ar2001">{{in lang|nl}} [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/downloads/8ca436c7-cc0c-4b88-8d35-8edcd3bbba8d/Jaarverslag-2001.pdf Jaarverslag 2001], Rijksmuseum, 2002. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
|2010||896,393<ref name="ar2011"/>
|2020
|675,325<ref name="RIJKSMUSEUM">{{Cite web |title=RIJKSMUSEUM JAARVERSLAGEN |url=https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/over-ons/wat-we-doen/jaarverslagen#:~:text=RIJKSMUSEUM%20JAARVERSLAGEN-,Jaarverslag%202021,-Jaarverslag%202020 |access-date=8 December 2022 |website=RIJKSMUSEUM |language=Dutch}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" |
|2001||1,015,561<ref name="ar2001"/>
|2011||1,010,402<ref name="ar2011"/>{{efn|This includes the 16,777 visitors to the main building.}}
|2021
|623,923<ref name="RIJKSMUSEUM" />
|-
|1992||1,216,103<ref name="visitors1993"/>{{efn|In 1993, the visitors number had decreased with 23% to 936,400, i.e. there were approximately 1,216,103 visitors in 1992.}}
|2002||1,100,488<ref name="ar2003">{{in lang|nl}} [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/downloads/ffa3b4ec-6787-4be8-9186-c946af10e2c3/Jaarverslag-2003.pdf Jaarverslag 2003], Rijksmuseum, 2004. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
|2012||894,058<ref name="jaarverslag2012">[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/downloads/6f1a1857-a468-4269-b90e-1624fa6880a3/Jaarverslag-2012.pdf Jaarverslag 2012] (in Dutch), Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 23 January 2017.</ref>
|
|
|-
|1993||936,400<ref name="visitors1993">{{in lang|nl}} "[https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/1994/01/06/museumbezoek-in-1993-sterk-gedaald-7209156-a774983 Museumbezoek in 1993 sterk gedaald]", ''[[NRC Handelsblad]]'', 1994. Retrieved 21 November 2016.</ref>
|2003||833,450<ref name="ar2003"/>{{efn|The main building was closed from 7 December 2003.}}
|2013||2,246,122<ref name="visitors2013"/>
|
|
|-
|1994||1,002,000<ref>{{in lang|nl}} "[http://www.volkskrant.nl/archief/nieuwe-musea-hadden-in-1995-een-goede-start~a419237/ Nieuwe musea hadden in 1995 een goede start]", ''[[de Volkskrant]]'', 1996. Retrieved 21 November 2016.</ref><ref name="visitors1995"/>{{efn|In 1995, the visitor number had decreased with 60,000 to 942,000, i.e. there were approximately 1,002,000 visitors in 1994.}}
|2004||812,102<ref name="ar2005">{{in lang|nl}} [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/downloads/755acf26-5c0e-4836-b7b6-26ca100320f6/Jaarverslag-2005.pdf Jaarverslag 2005], Rijksmuseum, 2006. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
|2014||2,474,352<ref name="visitors2014"/>
|
|
|-
|1995||942,000<ref name="visitors1995">{{in lang|nl}} "[http://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/5009/Archief/archief/article/detail/2728791/1996/01/04/Grote-musea-trokken-in-1995-minder-bezoekers.dhtml Grote musea trokken in 1995 minder bezoekers]", ''[[Trouw]]'', 1996. Retrieved 21 November 2016.</ref>
|2005||842,586<ref name="ar2005"/>
|2015||2,345,666<ref name="visitors2015">[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/downloads/4beec038-f802-44e2-97d2-c974a7b79bd8/RM-JVS-2015.pdf Jaarverslag 2015] (in Dutch), Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 23 January 2017.</ref>
|
|
|-
|1996||1,275,000<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.volkskrant.nl/vk/nl/2676/Cultuur/archief/article/detail/502621/1997/01/03/Rijksmuseum-en-Kunsthal-trekken-veel-bezoekers.dhtml Rijksmuseum en Kunsthal trekken veel bezoekers], ''[[de Volkskrant]]'', 1997. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
|2006||1,142,182<ref name="ar2011">{{in lang|nl}} [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/downloads/f5944e19-f43b-4d9b-a262-88be09b3c9ab/Jaarverslag-2011.pdf Jaarverslag 2011], Rijksmuseum, 2012. Retrieved on 25 April 2013.</ref>
|2016||2,200,000 (est.)<ref name="visitors2016">{{in lang|nl}} Jasper Piersma, "[http://www.parool.nl/kunst-en-media/van-gogh-museum-zit-rijks-op-de-hielen-als-populairste-museum~a4441426/ Van Gogh Museum zit Rijks op de hielen als populairste museum]", ''[[Het Parool]]'', 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2016.</ref>
|
|
|-
|1997||1,084,652<ref name="ar1998">{{in lang|nl}} [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/downloads/f3897b4b-4781-4d74-a84b-4e2367c2a2f0/Jaarverslag-1998.pdf Jaarverslag 1998], Rijksmuseum, 1999. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
|2007||969,561<ref name="ar2011"/>
|2017
|
|
|
|-
|1998||1,229,445<ref name="ar1999">{{in lang|nl}} [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/downloads/f0f62a71-e73d-442f-a7b6-e08ac79c69b2/Jaarverslag-1999.pdf Jaarverslag 1999], Rijksmuseum, 2000. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
|2008||975,977<ref name="ar2011"/>
|2018
|
|
|
|-
|1999||1,310,497<ref name="ar1999"/>
|2009||876,453<ref name="ar2011"/>
|2019
|
|
|
|}

The 20th-century visitor record of 1,412,000 was reached in the year 1975.<ref name="visitors1975"/>

In the 1990s and early 2000s, the Rijksmuseum was annually visited by 0.9 to 1.3&nbsp;million people. On 7 December 2003, the main building of the museum was closed for a renovation until 13 April 2013. In the preceding decade, the number of visitors had slightly decreased to 0.8 to 1.1&nbsp;million people. The museum says after the renovation, the museum's capacity is 1.5 to 2.0&nbsp;million visitors annually.<ref name="renovation"/> Within eight months since the reopening in 2013, the museum was visited by 2&nbsp;million people.<ref>[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/press/press-releases/rijksmuseum-welcomes-two-millionth-visitor Rijksmuseum welcomes two millionth visitor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228180409/https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/press/press-releases/rijksmuseum-welcomes-two-millionth-visitor |date=28 December 2013 }} (press release), Rijksmuseum, 2013. Retrieved 27 December 2013.</ref>

The museum had 2.2&nbsp;million visitors in 2013 and reached an all-time record of 2.47&nbsp;million visitors in 2014.<ref name="visitors2014"/><ref name="visitors2013"/><ref name="ar2005"/><ref name="ar2011"/><ref name="ar2001"/><ref name="ar2003"/><ref name="jaarverslag2012"/> The museum was the [[List of most visited museums in the Netherlands|most visited museum in the Netherlands]] and the [[List of most visited art museums in the world|19th most visited art museum in the world]] in 2013 and 2014.<ref name="nlranking2014">{{in lang|nl}} Claudia Kammer & Daan van Lent, "[http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2014/12/31/musea-trokken-dit-jaar-opnieuw-meer-bezoekers/ Musea trokken dit jaar opnieuw meer bezoekers]", ''[[NRC Handelsblad]]'', 2014. Retrieved on 18 July 2015.</ref><ref name="worldranking2014">[http://www.museus.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/TheArtNewspaper_Ranking2014.pdf Top 100 Art Museum Attendance], ''[[The Art Newspaper]]'', 2015. Retrieved on 18 July 2015.</ref><ref name="visitors2013"/><ref name="worldranking2013">[http://www.museus.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/TheArtNewspaper2013_ranking.pdf Top 100 Art Museum Attendance], ''[[The Art Newspaper]]'', 2014. Retrieved on 28 June 2014.</ref>

The [[COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands|COVID-19]] pandemic forced the closure of the museum from 15 December 2020, until 4 June 2021.<ref name="RIJKSMUSEUM" />

==Library==
[[File:Rijks Museum Library.jpg|thumb|The library in the Rijksmuseum]] 
The [[Rijksmuseum Research Library]] is part of the Rijksmuseum, and is the best and the largest public [[art history]] [[research library]] in The Netherlands.

== Restaurant ==
Rijks, stylized as RIJKS®, is a restaurant with 140 seats in the Philips Wing.<ref>Brooke Bobb, "[http://www.vogue.com/13421177/best-museum-restaurants-guggenheim-moma-rijksmuseum/ Go for the Art, Stay for the Food: The 7 Best Museum Restaurants Around the World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113010253/http://www.vogue.com/13421177/best-museum-restaurants-guggenheim-moma-rijksmuseum/ |date=13 January 2017 }}", ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'', 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2017.</ref> Joris Bijdendijk has been the [[chef de cuisine]] since the opening in 2014.<ref>"[http://www.parool.nl/stadsgids/joris-bijdendijk-verantwoordelijk-voor-nieuwe-restaurant-rijksmuseum~a3750344/ Joris Bijdendijk verantwoordelijk voor nieuwe restaurant Rijksmuseum]", ''[[Het Parool]]'', 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2017.</ref> The restaurant was awarded a [[Michelin star]] in 2017.<ref>"[http://www.parool.nl/stadsgids/michelinster-voor-amsterdamse-restaurants-rijks-bolenius-en-mos~a4432467/ Michelinster voor Amsterdamse restaurants Rijks, Bolenius en Mos]", ''[[Het Parool]]'', 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2017.</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Onze Kunst van Heden]] – exhibition held in the winter of 1939 through 1940
* [[List of largest art museums]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* ''Netherlandish Art in the Rijksmuseum, 1400–1600''. W Books 2000. {{ISBN|978-90-400-9376-0}}
* ''Netherlandish Art in the Rijksmuseum, 1600–1700''. New Haven: Yale University Press 2000. {{ISBN|978-0-300-08746-8}}
* ''Netherlandish Art in the Rijksmuseum, 1700–1800''. Waanders 2006. {{ISBN|978-90-400-9018-9}}

==External links==
{{Rijksmonument|5680}}
* {{commons category-inline}}
* {{Official website}}
* [https://www.topworldimages.com/streetview/Rijksmuseum Multimedia Content of museum]
*[https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/rijksmuseum?hl=en Virtual tour of the Rijksmuseum] provided by [[Google Arts & Culture]]

{{Amsterdam}}
{{Authority control}}
{{WikidataCoord}}

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[[Category:National museums of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Order of Arts and Letters of Spain recipients]]
[[Category:Pierre Cuypers buildings]]
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