Editing Richmond, Indiana

{{Other uses|Richmond (disambiguation)}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Richmond, Indiana
| settlement_type    = [[City]]
| nickname           = City of Roses
| image_skyline      = Main Street, Richmond, IN (48500606486).jpg
| imagesize          = 250px
| image_caption      = [[Richmond Downtown Historic District]]
| image_flag         = Richmond,_Indiana_Flag-Red_Crwflags.png
| image_seal         = File:59f225b6adae3c000175e0a4 logo.png
| image_map          = File:Wayne County Indiana Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Richmond Highlighted 1864260.svg
| mapsize            = 260px
| map_caption        = Location of Richmond in Wayne County, Indiana.
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{USA}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{flag|Indiana}}
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in Indiana|County]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Wayne County, Indiana|Wayne]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[List of townships in Indiana|Townships]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Boston Township, Wayne County, Indiana|Boston]], [[Center Township, Wayne County, Indiana|Center]], [[Wayne Township, Wayne County, Indiana|Wayne]], [[Webster Township, Wayne County, Indiana|Webster]]
| government_type    = 
| leader_party       = [[Republican Party (United States)|R]]
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = Ron Oler
| area_note          = 
| established_date   = 
| population_footnotes = 
| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_est     = 
| pop_est_as_of      = 
| population_note    = 
| population_total   = 35720
| population_density_sq_mi = 1488.02
| population_density_km2 = 574.54
| timezone           = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset         = &minus;5
| timezone_DST       = [[Eastern Time Zone|EDT]]
| utc_offset_DST     = &minus;4
<!-- Area -->| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_18.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 16, 2022}}</ref>
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_total_km2     = 62.56
| area_land_km2      = 62.17
| area_water_km2     = 0.39
| area_total_sq_mi   = 24.16
| area_land_sq_mi    = 24.00
| area_water_sq_mi   = 0.15
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft       = 978
| coordinates        = {{coord|39|49|54|N|84|52|26|W|region:US-IN|display=inline,title}}
| website            = {{URL|richmondindiana.gov}}
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP code]]s
| postal_code        = 47374-47375
| area_code          = [[Area code 765|765]]
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 18-64260<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info        = 2396366<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2396366}}</ref>
| footnotes          = 
| pop_est_footnotes  = 
}}

'''Richmond''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɪ|tʃ|m|ə|n|d}}) is a city in eastern [[Wayne County, Indiana]], United States. Bordering the state of [[Ohio]], it is the [[county seat]] of Wayne County.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties|access-date=2011-06-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|archive-date=May 31, 2011}}</ref> In the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the city had a population of 35,720. It is the principal city of the [[Micropolitan statistical area|Richmond micropolitan area]]. Situated largely within [[Wayne Township, Wayne County, Indiana|Wayne Township]], its area includes a non-contiguous portion in nearby [[Boston Township, Wayne County, Indiana|Boston Township]], where [[Richmond Municipal Airport]] is located.

Richmond is sometimes called the "cradle of recorded jazz" because the earliest [[jazz]] recordings and records were made at the studio of [[Gennett Records]], a division of the [[Starr Piano Company]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://starrgennett.org/ |title=Starr-Gennett Foundation Homepage |website=Starr-gennett.org |access-date=2017-01-07}}</ref> Gennett Records was the first to record such artists as [[Louis Armstrong]], [[Bix Beiderbecke]], [[Jelly Roll Morton]], [[Hoagy Carmichael]], [[Lawrence Welk]], and [[Gene Autry]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=Domenica Bongiovanni |title=How a quirky Indiana studio was the first to record many of America's famous musicians |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/entertainment/music/2020/07/27/richmonds-gennett-records-first-record-louis-armstrong/3215616001/ |website=Indianapolis Star |access-date=27 July 2020 |date=July 27, 2020}}</ref> The city has twice received the [[All-America City Award]], most recently in 2009.

==History==
[[File:WayneCountyCourthouse.jpg|thumb|left|Wayne County Courthouse]]
In 1806 the first European Americans in the area, [[Quaker]] families from the state of [[North Carolina]], settled along the East Fork of the [[Whitewater River (Great Miami River)|Whitewater River]]. This was part of a general westward migration in the early decades after the [[American Revolution]]. John Smith was one of the earliest settlers.<ref>{{cite web |author1=James Glass |title=Richmond's heritage still resonates |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/opinion/2016/01/08/richmonds-heritage-still-resonates/78415980/ |website=Indianapolis Star |access-date=8 May 2023 |date=8 Jan 2016}}</ref> Richmond is still home to several Quaker institutions, including [[Friends United Meeting]], [[Richmond Friends School]], [[Earlham College]] and the [[Earlham School of Religion]].

The first post office in Richmond was established in 1818 with Robert Morrison as the first postmaster.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.waynet.org/facts/history_dates.htm | title=Historical Timeline | publisher=WayNet | access-date=June 2, 2014}}</ref> The town was officially incorporated in 1840, with John Sailor elected the first mayor.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mrlinfo.org/history/bicentimeline/timeline1.htm | title=Bicentennial Timeline 1795 to 1849 | publisher=Morrison Reeves Library | access-date=October 5, 2017 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302111501/http://www.mrlinfo.org/history/bicentimeline/timeline1.htm | archive-date=March 2, 2016 }}</ref>

Early cinema and television pioneer [[Charles Francis Jenkins]] grew up on a farm north of Richmond, where he began inventing useful gadgets. As the Richmond Telegram reported, on June 6, 1894, Jenkins gathered his family, friends and newsmen at his cousin's jewelry store in downtown Richmond and projected a filmed motion picture for the first time in front of an audience. The motion picture was of a vaudeville entertainer performing a butterfly dance, which Jenkins had filmed himself. Jenkins filed for a patent for the Phantoscope projector in November 1894 and it was issued in March 1895. A modified version of the Phantoscope was later sold to [[Thomas Edison]], who named it [[Edison's Vitascope]] and began projecting motion pictures in New York City [[vaudeville]] theaters, raising the curtain on American cinema.

[[Joseph E. Maddy]] is credited with founding the country's first complete high school orchestra at Richmond, and later founded the National High School Orchestra Camp, which became the [[Interlochen Center for the Arts]] in Michigan.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Millicent Martin Emery |title=RCS teacher hopes for a musical resurrection |url=https://www.pal-item.com/story/news/education/2015/09/12/rcs-teacher-hopes-musical-resurrection/72154378/ |website=pal-item.com |publisher=Palladium-Item |access-date=14 July 2019 |date=September 12, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Rebecca Gross |title=In Step with Interlochen Center for the Arts |url=https://www.arts.gov/art-works/2015/step-interlochen-center-arts |website=arts.gov |publisher=National Endowment for the Arts |access-date=14 July 2019 |date=September 8, 2015}}</ref>

[[Hoagy Carmichael]] recorded "[[Stardust (1927 song)|Stardust]]" for the first time in Richmond at the [[Gennett]] recording studio. Famed trumpeter and singer [[Louis Armstrong]] was first recorded at Gennett as a member of [[King Oliver]] and his Creole Jazz Band.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=aOjP45DTUpAC&dq=louis+armstrong+gannett&pg=PA13 Giants in Their Time: Representative Americans from the Jazz Age to the Cold War], p. 13. Norman K. Risjord, {{ISBN|0742527859}}. 2005</ref> Many other internationally famous musicians recorded at Gennett's Richmond facility, including [[Jelly Roll Morton]], [[Bix Beiderbecke]], [[Duke Ellington]], and [[Fats Waller]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Starr-Gennett Foundation Walk of Fame |url=http://www.starrgennett.org/walk-of-fame/ |access-date=21 June 2019}}</ref> Gennett also recorded Klan musicians.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Charlie Dahan |title=April 8th in Gennett History, 1924: Vaughan Quartet Recorded "Wake Up America Kluck Kluck Kluck" |url=https://gennett.wordpress.com/tag/ku-klux-klan/ |website=gennett.wordpress.com |access-date=15 July 2019 |date=April 8, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Charlie Dahan |title=August 2nd in Gennett History, 1924: W. R. Rhinehart Recorded "Klucker And The Rain" and "Long Klucker" |url=https://gennett.wordpress.com/2015/08/02/august-2nd-in-gennett-history-1924-w-r-rhinehart-recorded-klucker-and-the-rain-and-long-klucker/ |website=Gennett Records Discography |access-date=15 July 2019 |date=August 2, 2015}}</ref>

A group of artists in the area in the late 19th and early 20th centuries came to be known as the [[Richmond Group]]. They included [[John Elwood Bundy]], [[Charles Fremont Conner|Charles Conner]], [[George Herbert Baker]], [[Maude Kaufman Eggemeyer]] and [[John Albert Seaford]]. The [[Richmond Art Museum]] has a collection of regional and American art.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.richmondartmuseum.org/ |title=Home |publisher=Richmond Art Museum |date=June 20, 2014 |access-date=2017-01-07}}</ref> Many consider the most significant painting in the collection to be a self-portrait of Indiana-born [[William Merritt Chase]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.richmondartmuseum.org/collection/lg-pages/chase-william-merritt.htm |title=Self-portrait: The Artist in his Studio, 1916 by William Merritt Chase |access-date=2006-05-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050905211055/http://www.richmondartmuseum.org/collection/lg-pages/chase-william-merritt.htm |archive-date=September 5, 2005 }}</ref>
[[File:Historic National Road - Madonna Statue on the Indiana National Road - NARA - 7719338.jpg|thumb|upright|left|''[[Madonna of the Trail]]'', one of a series of 12 identical monuments dedicated to the spirit of [[Settler|pioneer]] women in the United States]]
The city was connected to the [[National Road]], the first road built by the federal government and a major route west for pioneers of the 19th century.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.connerprairie.org/historyonline/ntlroad.html |title=Road through the Wilderness: The Making of the National Road |access-date=2006-05-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060613044830/http://www.connerprairie.org/historyonline/ntlroad.html |archive-date=June 13, 2006 }}</ref> It became part of the system of [[National Auto Trail]]s. The highway is now known as [[U.S. Route 40 in Indiana|U.S. Route 40]]. One of the extant ''[[Madonna of the Trail]]'' monuments was dedicated at Richmond on October 28, 1928.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waynet.org/facts/madonna_of_the_trail.htm |title=Madonna of the Trail – Richmond, Indiana |website=Waynet.org |access-date=2017-01-07}}</ref> It sits in a corner of Glen Miller Park adjacent to [[U.S. Route 40 in Indiana|US 40]].

Richmond's cultural resources include two of Indiana's three [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] [[Mummy|mummies]]. One is held by the Wayne County Historical Museum and the other by Earlham College's Joseph Moore Museum, leading to the local nickname "Mummy capital of Indiana".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://waynecountyhistoricalmuseum.com/ |title=Wayne County Historical Museum - Family fun for all ages! |access-date=2008-12-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216073801/http://waynecountyhistoricalmuseum.com/ |archive-date=December 16, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waynet.org/nonprofit/jos_moore.htm |title=Joseph Moore Museum – Earlham College |website=Waynet.org |date=October 16, 2001 |access-date=2017-01-07}}</ref>

The arts were supported by a strong economy increasingly based on manufacturing. Richmond was once known as "the lawnmower capital" because it was a center for manufacturing of [[lawnmower]]s from the late 19th century through the mid-20th century. Manufacturers included Davis, [[Motomower]], [[Dille-McGuire]] and F&N. The farm machinery builder [[Gaar-Scott]] was based in Richmond. The [[Davis Aircraft|Davis Aircraft Co.]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airventuremuseum.org/collection/aircraft/Davis%20D-1-W.asp |title=Davis D-1-W |publisher=Airventuremuseum.org |date=November 22, 1933 |access-date=2011-09-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.davismonoplane.com/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729061018/http://www.davismonoplane.com/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=July 29, 2012 |title=Davis Monoplane |publisher=Davis Monoplane |access-date=2011-09-19}}</ref> builder of a light [[parasol wing]] monoplane, operated in Richmond beginning in 1929.

After starting out in nearby [[Union City, Indiana|Union City]], Wayne Agricultural Works moved to Richmond. Wayne manufactured horse-drawn vehicles, including the "[[kid hack]]", a precursor of the motorized [[school bus]]. From the early 1930s through the 1940s, Richmond had several automobile designers and manufacturers. Among the automobiles locally manufactured were the [[Richmond (automobile)|Richmond]], built by the Wayne Works; the "Rodefeld"; the [[George W. Davis Motor Car Company|Davis]]; the [[Pilot Motor Car Company|Pilot]]; the [[Westcott (automobile)|Westcott]]; and the [[Crosley]]. In the 1950s Wayne Works changed its name to [[Wayne Corporation]], by then a well-known bus and school-bus manufacturer. In 1967 it relocated to a site adjacent to [[Interstate 70]]. The company was a leader in school-bus safety innovations, but closed in 1992 during a period of school-bus manufacturing industry consolidations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coachbuilt.com/bui/w/wayne/wayne2.htm |title=The Wayne Works Story Part II |publisher=CoachBuilt |access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref>

Richmond was known as the "[[Rose]] City" because of the many varieties once grown there by Hill's Roses. The company had several sprawling complexes of [[greenhouse]]s, with a total of about {{convert|34|acre|ha}} under glass. The annual Richmond Rose Festival honored the rose industry and was a popular summer attraction.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ishmom.com/shut-up-about-the-rose-festival/ |title=Shut Up About the Rose Festival |publisher=IshMom.com |date=August 30, 2019 |access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref>

===Downtown explosion===
{{Main|Richmond, Indiana explosion}}
On April 6, 1968, an explosion triggered by a natural gas leak destroyed or damaged several downtown blocks and killed 41 people; more than 150 were injured.<ref>[http://gates.mrl.lib.in.us:8080/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/fulltext&CISOPTR=1981&REC=1]  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124182201/http://gates.mrl.lib.in.us:8080/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Ffulltext&CISOPTR=1981&REC=1|date=January 24, 2008}}</ref> The event is documented in the book ''Death in a Sunny Street: The Civil Defense Story of the Richmond, Indiana Disaster, April 6, 1968'', compiled by Esther Kellner.

==Geography==
[[File:Richmond-indiana-from-above.jpg|thumb|Richmond lies on the flatland of eastern Indiana]]
According to the 2010 census, Richmond has a total area of {{convert|24.067|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|23.91|sqmi|sqkm|2}} (or 99.35%) is land and {{convert|0.157|sqmi|sqkm|2}} (or 0.65%) is water.<ref name="census-g001">{{cite web
  |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1864260
  |title=G001 – Geographic Identifiers – 2010 Census Summary File 1
  |access-date=2015-07-29
  |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]
  |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213062016/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1864260
  |archive-date=February 13, 2020
  |url-status=dead
  }}</ref>

Richmond is located about 12 miles S of [[Hoosier Hill]], the highest point in Indiana.

===Cityscape===

Richmond is noted for its rich stock of historic architecture. In 2003, a book entitled ''Richmond Indiana: Its Physical Development and Aesthetic Heritage to 1920'' by [[Cornell University]] architectural historians, Michael and Mary Raddant Tomlan, was published by the [[Indiana Historical Society]]. Particularly notable buildings are the 1902 [[Pennsylvania Railroad]] Station designed by [[Daniel Burnham|Daniel H. Burnham]] of Chicago and the 1893 [[Wayne County Courthouse (Indiana)|Wayne County Court House]] designed by [[James W. McLaughlin]] of [[Cincinnati]]. Local architects of note include [[John A. Hasecoster]], [[William S. Kaufman]] and [[Stephen O. Yates]].

The significance of the architecture has been recognized. Five large districts, such as the Depot District, and several individual buildings are listed in the [[National Register of Historic Places]], the [[Historic American Buildings Survey]] and the [[Historic American Engineering Record]].

===Climate===
{{Weather box
 | width       = auto
 | collapsed   = yes
 | single line = yes
 | location    = Richmond, Indiana (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1968–present)
 | Jan record high F  = 67
 | Feb record high F  = 78
 | Mar record high F  = 85
 | Apr record high F  = 87
 | May record high F  = 94
 | Jun record high F  = 104
 | Jul record high F  = 102
 | Aug record high F  = 100
 | Sep record high F  = 100
 | Oct record high F  = 91
 | Nov record high F  = 80
 | Dec record high F  = 72
 | year record high F =

|Jan avg record high F = 58.3
|Feb avg record high F = 63.0
|Mar avg record high F = 72.5
|Apr avg record high F = 81.1
|May avg record high F = 88.0
|Jun avg record high F = 92.2
|Jul avg record high F = 92.6
|Aug avg record high F = 91.7
|Sep avg record high F = 90.0
|Oct avg record high F = 82.7
|Nov avg record high F = 70.2
|Dec avg record high F = 61.5
|year avg record high F = 94.5

 | Jan high F = 36.2
 | Feb high F = 40.3
 | Mar high F = 50.8
 | Apr high F = 63.8
 | May high F = 73.7
 | Jun high F = 82.0
 | Jul high F = 84.8
 | Aug high F = 83.6
 | Sep high F = 77.6
 | Oct high F = 65.5
 | Nov high F = 51.7
 | Dec high F = 40.4
 | year high F = 62.5
 | Jan mean F = 27.9
 | Feb mean F = 31.2
 | Mar mean F = 40.8
 | Apr mean F = 52.2
 | May mean F = 62.6
 | Jun mean F = 71.1
 | Jul mean F = 74.2
 | Aug mean F = 72.7
 | Sep mean F = 65.9
 | Oct mean F = 54.2
 | Nov mean F = 42.2
 | Dec mean F = 32.6
 | year mean F = 52.3
 | Jan low F = 19.6
 | Feb low F = 22.2
 | Mar low F = 30.8
 | Apr low F = 40.7
 | May low F = 51.5
 | Jun low F = 60.2
 | Jul low F = 63.5
 | Aug low F = 61.8
 | Sep low F = 54.2
 | Oct low F = 42.9
 | Nov low F = 32.7
 | Dec low F = 24.7
 | year low F = 42.1

|Jan avg record low F = -3.8
|Feb avg record low F = 1.9
|Mar avg record low F = 11.9
|Apr avg record low F = 24.7
|May avg record low F = 35.4
|Jun avg record low F = 47.0
|Jul avg record low F = 52.5
|Aug avg record low F = 51.0
|Sep avg record low F = 40.1
|Oct avg record low F = 28.1
|Nov avg record low F = 17.8
|Dec avg record low F = 5.5
|year avg record low F = -7.5

 | Jan record low F  = -27
 | Feb record low F  = -20
 | Mar record low F  = -9
 | Apr record low F  = 14
 | May record low F  = 26
 | Jun record low F  = 36
 | Jul record low F  = 42
 | Aug record low F  = 41
 | Sep record low F  = 30
 | Oct record low F  = 16
 | Nov record low F  = 6
 | Dec record low F  = -22
 | year record low F = 
 | precipitation colour   = green
 | Jan precipitation inch = 3.20
 | Feb precipitation inch = 2.25
 | Mar precipitation inch = 3.42
 | Apr precipitation inch = 4.27
 | May precipitation inch = 4.63
 | Jun precipitation inch = 4.80
 | Jul precipitation inch = 4.32
 | Aug precipitation inch = 3.27
 | Sep precipitation inch = 3.12
 | Oct precipitation inch = 3.16
 | Nov precipitation inch = 3.32
 | Dec precipitation inch = 3.10
 | year precipitation inch = 42.86
 | unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
 | Jan precipitation days  = 13.0
 | Feb precipitation days  = 10.5
 | Mar precipitation days  = 11.5
 | Apr precipitation days  = 11.9
 | May precipitation days  = 13.5
 | Jun precipitation days  = 11.4
 | Jul precipitation days  = 10.6
 | Aug precipitation days  = 8.4
 | Sep precipitation days  = 8.7
 | Oct precipitation days  = 9.8
 | Nov precipitation days  = 9.5
 | Dec precipitation days  = 12.4
 | year precipitation days = 131.2
 | source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name="NOWData">{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=iln
|title = NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = November 14, 2023}}</ref><ref name="NCEI">{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00127370&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|title = Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = November 14, 2023}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1840= 2070
|1850= 1443
|1860= 6608
|1870= 9445
|1880= 12742
|1890= 16608
|1900= 18226
|1910= 22824
|1920= 26765
|1930= 32493
|1940= 35147
|1950= 39539
|1960= 44149
|1970= 43999
|1980= 41349
|1990= 38705
|2000= 39124
|2010= 36812
|2020= 35720
|footnote=Source: US Census Bureau
}}

===2010 census===
As of the census<ref name="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-12-11}}</ref> of 2010, there were 36,812 people, 15,098 households, and 8,909 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1539.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 17,649 housing units at an average density of {{convert|737.8|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 83.9% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 8.6% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.3% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.1% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.1% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.9% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 4.0% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 4.1% of the population.

There were 15,098 households, of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.5% were married couples living together, 16.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.0% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.91.

The median age in the city was 38.4 years. 22.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.4% were from 25 to 44; 25.6% were from 45 to 64; and 16.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.9% male and 52.1% female.

===2000 census===
As of the census<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 39,124 people, 16,287 households, and 9,918 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,685.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 17,647 housing units at an average density of {{convert|760.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 86.78% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 8.87% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.27% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.80% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.06% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.09% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.14% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.03% of the population.

There were 16,287 households, out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.4% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,210, and the median income for a family was $38,346. Males had a median income of $30,849 versus $21,164 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,096. About 12.1% of families and 15.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.8% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.

== Points of interest ==
[[File:Hicksite Friends Meeting House Richmond IN.jpg|thumb|Hicksite Friends Meeting House, 1150 North A Street, Richmond, Indiana. Now houses the Wayne County Historical Museum.]]
* [[Hayes Arboretum]]
* [[Cope Environmental Center]]
* [[Wayne County Historical Museum]]
* [[Richmond Art Museum]]
* [[Indiana Football Hall of Fame]]
* [[Abram Gaar House and Farm|Gaar Mansion]] (house museum)
* [[Joseph Moore Museum]] at Earlham College
* [[Glen Miller Park]] and Madonna of the Trail statue
* [[Richmond Downtown Historic District]]
* [[Old Richmond Historic District]]
* [[Starr Historic District]]
* [[Richmond Railroad Station Historic District]]
* [[Reeveston Place Historic District]]
* [[East Main Street-Glen Miller Park Historic District]]
* [[Don McBride Stadium]] baseball ballpark built in 1936
* [[Reid Memorial Presbyterian Church]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waynet.org/waynet/spotlight/2007/070419-reidchurch.htm |title=Tiffany Windows – Reid Memorial Presbyterian Church – Wayne County, Indiana |publisher=Waynet.org |access-date=2011-09-19}}</ref> ([[Louis Comfort Tiffany]]-designed interior and windows, [[Hook and Hastings]] organ)
* [[Bethel A.M.E. Church (Richmond, Indiana)|Bethel AME Church]] (oldest [[African Methodist Episcopal Church|AME]] church in Indiana: founded 1868)
* [[Old National Road Welcome Center]] (convention and tourism bureau)
* [[Whitewater Gorge Park]] and [[Gennett]] Walk of Fame
* [[Cardinal Greenway]] hiking trail
* [[Marceline Jones]] gravesite, Earlham Cemetery ([[Jim Jones]]'s wife, who died in the [[Peoples Temple]] mass suicide)
* [[Richmond Civic Theatre]] (plays, classic movies, and children's theater)
* ''[[Madonna of the Trail]]'' statue at Glen Miller Park
* [[Gennett]] Records Walk of Fame
*[[Richmond Mall]], shopping mall

==Education==
[[File:Earlham Cupola.jpg|thumb|Carpenter Hall at [[Earlham College]], founded in 1847]]
Richmond is home to four colleges: [[Earlham College]], [[Indiana University East]], [[Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana]], and the [[Purdue Polytechnic Institute|Purdue Polytechnic Institute – Richmond]]. It is also home to two [[Seminary|seminaries]], the [[Quaker]] [[Earlham School of Religion]] and [[Church of the Brethren]] [[Bethany Theological Seminary]].

[[Richmond High School (Richmond, Indiana)|Richmond High School]] includes the [[Richmond Art Museum]] and [[Civic Hall Performing Arts Center]]. [[Seton Catholic High School (Richmond, Indiana)|Seton Catholic High School]], a junior and senior high school, is a religious high school. It is based in the former home of St. Andrew High School (1899–1936) and, more recently, St. Andrew Elementary School, adjacent to St. Andrew Church of the Richmond Catholic Community.

The town has a lending library, the [[Morrisson Reeves Library]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.in.gov/library/files/countyindex13.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513002218/http://www.in.gov/library/files/countyindex13.pdf |archive-date=2013-05-13 |url-status=live | title=Indiana public library directory | publisher=Indiana State Library | access-date=March 15, 2018}}</ref>

==Religious groups==
Richmond is the headquarters of [[Friends United Meeting]], and hosts the [[Quaker Hill Conference Center]], of the [[Religious Society of Friends]] (Quakers).

==Media==
The daily newspaper is the [[Gannett]]-owned ''[[Palladium-Item]]''.

Full-power radio stations include [[WKBV]], [[WFMG]], [[WQLK]], [[WKRT (FM)|WKRT]], and Earlham College's student-run public radio station [[WECI]]. Richmond is also served by [[WJYW]] which is repeated on 94.5 and 97.7. Area [[NPR]] radio stations include [[WBSH]] in [[Hagerstown, Indiana]], and [[WMUB (FM)|WMUB]] in [[Oxford, Ohio]].

Richmond is considered to be within the [[Dayton, Ohio]], television market and has one full-power television station, [[WKOI]], which is an [[Ion Television|Ion]] owned and operated station. The city also has one county-wide [[public, educational, and government access]] (PEG) cable television station, [[Whitewater Community Television]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wctv.info/ |title=WCTV &#124; Whitewater Community Television |website=Wctv.info |access-date=2017-01-07}}</ref> Richmond's [[Xfinity]] system supplements the area with [[Indianapolis]] stations.

==Transportation==
[[File:Train at Richmond PRR station, March 1968.jpg|thumb|A [[Penn Central]] passenger train at Richmond's [[Richmond Railroad Station Historic District|Pennsylvania Railroad station]] in 1968]]
[[Richmond Municipal Airport]] is a public-use airport five&nbsp;nautical miles (6&nbsp;mi, 9&nbsp;km) southeast of Richmond's central business district. It is owned by the Richmond Board of Aviation Commissioners. It is also an [[exclave]] of Richmond.<ref>{{FAA-airport|ID=RID|use=PU|own=PU|site=05602.*A}}. Federal Aviation Administration. Effective May 31, 2012.</ref> Richmond's closest airport with commercial service is [[Dayton International Airport]].

Richmond is served by [[Interstate 70]] at exits 149, 151, 153, and 156.

Established in 1902, Richmond's [[Richmond Railroad Station Historic District|Pennsylvania Railroad station]] was a hub for [[Pennsylvania Railroad]], and later, [[Penn Central]] trains into the late 1960s. The last train at the station was [[Amtrak]]'s ''[[National Limited (Amtrak)|National Limited]]'' between [[Kansas City]] and [[New York City]], which ended service in 1979.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Pennsylvania Railroad, Tables 4, 5, 47, 49, 52 |journal=Official Guide of the Railways |publisher=National Railway Publication Company |volume=100 |issue=5 |date=October 1967}}</ref> Richmond was also home to a [[Chesapeake and Ohio Railway]] station.

[[Public transit]] service is provided by city-owned [[Roseview Transit]], operating daily except Sundays and major holidays.<ref name="Roseview index">{{cite web|title=Roseview Transit|date=October 21, 2007|publisher=City of Richmond|url=http://richmondindiana.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&sectionid=4&id=91&Itemid=148|access-date=November 8, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421180905/http://richmondindiana.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&sectionid=4&id=91&Itemid=148|archive-date=April 21, 2012}}</ref>

==Notable people==
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{{div col}}

=== Academia ===
* [[J. Gayle Beck]], clinical psychologist, Lillian and Morrie Moss Chair of Excellence and Professor at the [[University of Memphis]]
* [[Landrum Bolling]], president of [[Earlham College]], humanitarian, diplomat
* [[Mary Haas]] (1910 – 1996), linguist and professor at [[University of California, Berkeley|University of California-Berkeley]]
* [[Wendell Stanley]], [[biochemist]], [[Virology|virologist]], Nobel Prize winner<ref>{{cite web|title=Wendell M. Stanley – Biographical|url=http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1946/stanley-bio.html|access-date=2017-01-07|website=Nobelprize.org}}</ref>

=== Actors ===
* [[Timothy Brown (actor)|Timothy Brown]], professional football player, television/film actor and recording-artist
* [[Norman Foster (director)|Norman Foster]], actor, director
* [[Sarah Purcell]], actress
* [[Elizabeth Reller]], old-time radio actress

=== Artists and designers ===
* [[George Herbert Baker]], [[Impressionist]] painter
* [[John Elwood Bundy]], [[Impressionist]] painter
* [[Charles Fremont Conner]], [[Impressionist]] painter 
* [[Maude Kaufman Eggemeyer]], [[Impressionist]] painter
* [[Marcus Mote]], painter
* [[Carole Wantz]], [[folk artist]]
* [[Gaar Williams]], [[cartoonist]]

=== Business ===
* [[Micajah C. Henley]], businessman, [[roller skate]] pioneer
* [[Charles Francis Jenkins]], pioneer of [[History of film|early cinema]] and one of the inventors of [[television]]
* [[Addison H. Nordyke]], industrialist and co-founder of [[Nordyke Marmon & Company]].
*[[Daniel G. Reid]], [[industrialist]], [[Investor|financier]], and [[philanthropist]]
*[[Burton J. Westcott]], businessman, automobile manufacturer of [[Westcott Automobile|Westcott Motor Car Company]]

=== Musicians ===
* [[May Aufderheide]], [[ragtime]] composer
* [[George Duning]], musician and composer
* Harry "[[Singin' Sam]]" Frankel, radio star, minstrel
* [[Baby Huey (singer)|Baby Huey]], rock and soul vocalist
* [[Jeff Hamilton (drummer)|Jeff Hamilton]], jazz drummer<ref>{{cite web|title=Jeff Hamilton - Drums - Jazz at Newport|url=http://www.jazzatnewport.org/home.cfm?dir_cat=47265|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907035520/http://www.jazzatnewport.org/home.cfm?dir_cat=47265|archive-date=September 7, 2006|access-date=2006-09-09}}</ref>
* [[Harold Jones (drummer)|Harold Jones]], has performed with many notables, including Tony Bennett and Count Basie
* [[Melvyn "Deacon" Jones]], [[blues]] organist
* [[Rich Mullins]], singer/musician
* [[Sondra Radvanovsky]], opera singer
* [[Ned Rorem]], composer and Putlizer Prize winner
* [[The Will-O-Bees]], pop music trio in the 1960s

=== Politicians, activists, and civic leaders ===
* [[Bill W. Balthis]] (1939 &ndash; 2016), Illinois state representative and businessman<ref>'Illinois Blue Book 1995–1996,' Biographical Sketch of Bill W. Balthis, pg. 105</ref>
*[[Thomas W. Bennett (territorial governor)|Thomas W. Bennett]], Richmond mayor, Governor, congressional delegate of Idaho territory.
*[[John A. Bridgland]] (1826–1890), diplomat, businessman and soldier; colonel in the [[Union army|Union Army]]<ref name="Robert Clarke & Company-18912">{{Cite book |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Reunion_of_the_Society_of_the_Army_of_the_Cumberland_%28IA_reunionofsociety1890soci%29.pdf |title=Society of the Army of the Cumberland, 21st Reunion, 1890 |publisher=[[Robert Clarke & Company]] |year=1891 |location=Toledo, Ohio |pages=281–283 |chapter=Colonel John A. Bridgeland |via=[[WikiCommons]]}}</ref>
*[[Levi Coffin]], underground railroad organizer, and director of a local Richmond bank
*[[David W. Dennis]], [[U.S. Congressman]]
*[[Jehu Elliott]], Justice of the [[Indiana Supreme Court]]
*[[Gregory Lee Johnson]] (born 1956), American political activist.
*[[John F. Kibbey]], [[Indiana Attorney General]]
*[[Ida Finney Mackrille]] (1867 – 1960) [[Women's suffrage|suffragist]] and a women's political leader in the State of California.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=1960-06-05|title=Obituary, Vineyardist Dies At 92|pages=62|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26129314/the-los-angeles-times/|url-access=limited|access-date=2021-01-06|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>
*[[Dan Mitrione]], Richmond police chief from 1956 to 1960, and U.S. adviser who trained police in the use of torture in Uruguay.
*[[Oliver P. Morton]], Indiana's Civil War governor<ref>{{cite web|date=March 24, 2014|title=Oliver P. Morton Biography Page|url=http://www.civilwarhome.com/mortonbio.htm|access-date=2017-01-07|website=Civilwarhome.com}}</ref>
*[[Susan Porter Rose]], [[Chief of Staff to the First Lady of the United States]] (1989–1993)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sheeley |first=Rachel E. |date=1999-10-30 |title=Earlham graduate worked for several first ladies |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/palladium-item-earlham-graduate-worked-f/159890298/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |work=Palladium-Item |pages=3 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

=== Religion and related ===
* [[John Wilbur Chapman]], [[Presbyterian]] evangelist
*[[Jim Jones]], founder-leader of [[Peoples Temple]]
*[[William Paul Quinn]], an [[African Methodist Episcopal]] Bishop
*[[D. Elton Trueblood]], [[Quaker]] theologian<ref>{{cite web|date=December 20, 1994|title=D. Elton Trueblood, 1900 to 1994|url=http://www.waynet.org/people/biography/trueblood.htm|access-date=2017-01-07|website=Waynet.org}}</ref>

=== Science ===
* [[Charles A. Hufnagel]], M.D. [[artificial heart valve]] inventor<ref>{{cite web|title=Dr. Charles A. Hufnagel|url=http://astro4.ast.vill.edu/mendel/hufnagel.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172038/http://astro4.ast.vill.edu/mendel/hufnagel.htm|archive-date=March 3, 2016|access-date=2017-01-07|website=Astro4.ast.vill.edu|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* [[Wright brothers]], aviation pioneers

=== Sports ===
*[[Desmond Bane]], [[National Basketball Association|NBA]], Selected 30th overall by the [[Memphis Grizzlies]] in the [[2020 NBA draft]]
*[[Claude Berry]], [[MLB]] catcher
*[[Weeb Ewbank]], coach of 1958 and 1959 [[NFL]] champion [[History of the Indianapolis Colts|Baltimore Colts]] and the [[Super Bowl III]] champion [[New York Jets]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Weeb Ewbank &#124; Pro Football Hall of Fame Official Site|url=http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.jsp?player_id=65|access-date=2017-01-07|website=Profootballhof.com}}</ref>
* [[Vagas Ferguson]], [[NFL]] running back
* [[Paul Flatley]], [[NFL]] wide receiver ([[Minnesota Vikings]])
* [[Del Harris]], professional [[basketball]] coach
*[[Daniel Kinsey]], hurdler, Olympic gold medalist
*[[Jim Logan (American football)|Jim Logan]]
* [[Lamar Lundy]], football player, one of the [[L.A. Rams]]' "[[Fearsome Foursome (American football)|Fearsome Foursome]]"
*[[Bo Van Pelt]], professional golfer

=== Writers and journalists ===
*[[Christopher Benfey]], literary critic
* [[Mae Bramhall]], actress, writer 
* [[William Dudley Foulke]], lawyer, author
{{div col end}}

==Sister cities==
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Serpukhov]], [[Russia]]
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Unnan]], [[Shimane Prefecture]], [[Japan]]

==See also==
{{Portal|Indiana}}
*[[Swayne, Robinson and Company]]
*[[Richmond, Indiana facility fire]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|auto=y}}
{{EB1911 poster|Richmond (Indiana)|Richmond, Indiana}}
* {{Official website|http://www.richmondindiana.gov/}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060618110213/http://www.mrlinfo.org/history/contentdm.htm Morrison-Reeves Library Digital Collection]
* [http://www.visitrichmond.org Richmond/Wayne County Convention and Tourism Bureau Inc.]
* {{Cite NIE|short=x|wstitle=Richmond (Indiana)|display=Richmond. A city and the county-seat of Wayne County, Ind}}

{{Wayne County, Indiana}}
{{County Seats of Indiana}}
{{Indiana}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Richmond, Indiana| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Indiana]]
[[Category:County seats in Indiana]]
[[Category:Micropolitan areas of Indiana]]
[[Category:National Road]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1806]]
[[Category:Cities in Wayne County, Indiana]]
[[Category:1806 establishments in the United States]]