Editing Richard J. Daley

{{Short description|Mayor of Chicago from 1955 to 1976}}
{{About|the mayor of Chicago from 1955 to 1976|his son, the mayor of Chicago from 1989 to 2011|Richard M. Daley}}
{{use mdy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Richard J. Daley
| image               = Richard J. Daley in 1962.jpg
| caption             = Daley in 1962
| office              = 48th [[Mayor of Chicago]]
| term_start          = April 20, 1955
| term_end            = December 20, 1976
| predecessor         = [[Martin H. Kennelly]]
| successor           = [[Michael Anthony Bilandic|Michael Bilandic]]
| office1             = [[Chairman of the Cook County Democratic Party]]
| term_start1         = July 21, 1953
| term_end1           = December 20, 1976
| predecessor1        = [[Joseph L. Gill]]
| successor1          = [[George Dunne]]
| office2             = 16th [[President of the United States Conference of Mayors]]
| term_start2         = 1959
| term_end2           = 1960
| predecessor2        = [[Norris Poulson]]
| successor2          = [[Richardson Dilworth]]
| office3             = 19th [[Cook County Clerk]]
| term_start3         = March 20, 1950
| term_end3           = April 20, 1955
| predecessor3        = Michael J. Flynn
| successor3          = [[Edward J. Barrett (politician)|Edward J. Barrett]]
| office4             = Minority Leader of the [[Illinois Senate]]
| term_start4         = 1943
| term_end4           = 1947
| predecessor4        = 
| successor4          = 
| state_senate5       = Illinois
| district5           = 9th
| term_start5         = January 4, 1939
| term_end5           = January 8, 1947
| predecessor5        = Patrick J. Carroll
| successor5          = Thaddeus Adesko
| state_house6        = Illinois
| district6           = 9th
| term_start6         = January 6, 1937
| term_end6           = January 4, 1939
| predecessor6        = David Shanahan
| successor6          = William Fucane
| birth_name          = Richard Joseph Daley
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1902|5|15}}
| birth_place         = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], U.S.
| death_date          = {{death date and age|1976|12|20|1902|5|15}}
| death_place         = Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
| resting_place       = [[Holy Sepulchre Cemetery (Worth, Illinois)|Holy Sepulchre Cemetery]]
| party               = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| spouse              = {{marriage|[[Eleanor "Sis" Daley|Sis Guilfoyle]]|June 17, 1936}}
| children            = 7, including [[Richard M. Daley|Richard]], [[John P. Daley|John]], and [[William M. Daley|William]]
| relatives           = [[Patrick R. Daley]] (grandson)<br />[[Patrick Daley Thompson]] (grandson)
| education           = [[DePaul University]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]])
}}
{{Richard J. Daley series}}
'''Richard Joseph Daley''' (May 15, 1902 – December 20, 1976) was an American politician who served as the [[mayor of Chicago]] from 1955, and the chairman of the [[Cook County Democratic Party]] from 1953, until his death. He has been called "the last of the big city [[Political boss|bosses]]" who controlled and mobilized American cities.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Richard J. Daley |encyclopedia= Encyclopædia Britannica |date= May 11, 2023 |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-J-Daley |language=en}}</ref> He was the patriarch of a powerful [[Daley family|Chicago political family]]. His son, [[Richard M. Daley]], would also go on to serve as mayor of Chicago and another son, [[William M. Daley]], served as the [[United States Secretary of Commerce]] and [[White House Chief of Staff]].

Daley was [[Chicago]]'s third consecutive mayor from the working-class, heavily [[Irish Americans|Irish American]] [[South Side of Chicago|South Side]] neighborhood of [[Bridgeport, Chicago|Bridgeport]], where he lived his entire life. He is remembered for doing much to save Chicago from the declines that other [[Rust Belt]] cities, such as [[Cleveland]], [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], and [[Detroit]], experienced during the same period. He had a strong base of support in Chicago's [[Irish Catholic]] community and was treated by national politicians such as [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] as a pre-eminent Irish American, with special connections to the [[Kennedy family]]. Daley played a major role in the history of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], especially with his support of [[John F. Kennedy]] in the [[1960 United States presidential election|presidential election of 1960]] and of [[Hubert Humphrey]] in the [[1968 United States presidential election|presidential election of 1968]]. He would be the longest-serving mayor in Chicago history until his record was broken by his son Richard M. Daley in 2011. He has been ranked by some historians as among the ten best mayors in American history.<ref>Melvin G. Holli, ''The American Mayor: The Best and the Worst Big-City Leaders''  (Pennsylvania State UP, 1999), p. 4–11.</ref>

On the other hand, Daley's legacy is complicated by criticisms of [[Political machine|machine politics]] or [[Chicago-style politics]]. His response to the [[1968 Chicago riots|Chicago riots]] that followed the [[assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.]] and his handling of the notorious [[1968 Democratic National Convention]] held in his city are seen as failures. During his tenure, he also had enemies within the Democratic Party. In addition, many members of Daley's administration were charged and convicted for [[Political corruption|corruption]], although Daley himself was never charged with any crime.

==Early life==
Richard J. Daley was born in [[Bridgeport, Chicago|Bridgeport]], a working-class neighborhood of [[Chicago]].<ref>{{Cite book | last = Green | first = Paul Michael |author2=Holli, Melvin G. | title = The Mayors: the Chicago political tradition | publisher = SIU Press | year = 2005 | location = Carbondale | page = 147 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PI6c-_N2JyUC&pg=PA147 | isbn = 978-0-8093-2612-9}}</ref> He was the only child of Michael and Lillian (Dunne) Daley, whose families had both arrived from the [[Old Parish]] area, near [[Dungarvan]], [[County Waterford]], [[British rule in Ireland|Ireland]], during the [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Great Famine]].<ref name = ac>{{Cite book | last = Cohen | first = Adam |author2=Taylor, Elizabeth | title = American pharaoh : Mayor Richard J. Daley; his battle for Chicago and the nation | publisher = Back Bay | year = 2001 | location = New York | page = [https://archive.org/details/americanpharaohm00adam/page/19 19] | url = https://archive.org/details/americanpharaohm00adam | url-access = registration | isbn = 978-0-316-83489-6}}</ref> Richard's father was a sheet metal worker with a reserved demeanor. Michael's father, James E. Daley, was a butcher born in New York City, while his mother, Delia Gallagher Daley, was an Irish immigrant. Richard's mother was outgoing and outspoken. Before women [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|obtained the right to vote]] in 1920, Lillian Daley was an active [[suffragette]], participating in marches and often bringing her son to them. She hoped her son's life would be more professionally successful than that of his parents. Before his mother's death, Daley had won the Democratic nomination for [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook County]] [[Cook County Sheriff's Office|sheriff]]. Lillian wanted more than this for her son, telling a friend, "I didn't raise my son to be a policeman."<ref name="Daley"/> Daley would later state that his wellsprings were his religion, his family, his neighborhood, the Democratic Party, and his love of the city.<ref name = ac/>

===Education===
Daley attended the elementary school of his parish, Nativity of Our Lord,<ref name="Daley">{{cite book|title=American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley—His Battle for Chicago and the Nation|editor-last=Cohen|editor-first=Adam|editor2-last=Taylor|editor2-first=Elizabeth|page=[https://archive.org/details/americanpharaohmcoh00cohe/page/n647 624]|year=2000|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|url=https://archive.org/details/americanpharaohmcoh00cohe|url-access=registration|isbn=0-316-83403-3|access-date=September 8, 2010}}</ref> and [[De La Salle Institute]] (where he learned clerical skills) and took night classes at [[DePaul University College of Law]] to earn a [[Bachelor of Laws]] in 1933. As a young man, Daley's jobs included selling newspapers and making deliveries for a door-to-door peddler; he worked in Chicago's [[Union stock yards]] to pay his law school expenses. He spent his free time as a member of the Hamburg Athletic Club, an athletic, social, street gang and political organization near his home. Hamburg and similar clubs were funded, at least in part, by local Democratic politicians. Daley made his mark there, not in sports, but in organization as the club manager. At age 22, he was elected president of the club and served in that office until 1939.<ref name="Daley"/> Although he practiced law with partner William J. Lynch, he dedicated the majority of his time to his political career.<ref name="Bio">{{cite web|url=http://www.cookcountyclerk.com/sweethomecookcounty/Pages/RichardJDaley.aspx|title=Richard J. Daley|publisher=Cook County Clerk|access-date=September 8, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310064121/http://www.cookcountyclerk.com/sweethomecookcounty/Pages/RichardJDaley.aspx|archive-date=March 10, 2012}}</ref>

==Political career==
===Early career===
[[File:Richard_J._Daley,_1936.png|thumb|Daley at the time of his appointment as Chief Deputy County Comptroller, 1936]]
Daley's career in politics began when he became a Democratic [[precinct captain]]. Having served as secretary for previous County Treasurers Joseph B. McDonough, Thomas D. Nash, Robert M. Sweitzer, and Joseph L. Gill, he was appointed the Chief Deputy Comptroller of Cook County on December 17, 1936, to replace Michael J. O'Connor, who had died on December 9.<ref name="Chief Deputy Comptroller"/>

Daley's first elective office was in the [[Illinois House of Representatives]], to which he was elected for the 9th district on November 3, 1936,<ref name="Chief Deputy Comptroller">{{cite news |title=Richard J. Daly ''[sic]'' is named Chief Deputy County Controler ''[sic]'' |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/101699940/richard-j-daly-is-named-chief-deputy/ |access-date=2022-05-11 |work=The Chicago Tribune |volume=95 |issue=303C |page=2 |date=December 18, 1936 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> alongside Democratic incumbents William J. Gormley and Peter P. Jezierny.<ref name="House election">{{cite news |title=Democrats Hold Firm Control of State Assembly |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/101700012/democrats-hold-firm-control-of-state/ |access-date=2022-05-11 |work=The Decatur Daily Review |volume=59 |issue=36 |page=10 |date=November 5, 1936 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Despite being a lifelong Democrat, he was elected to the office as a Republican.<ref name="House election"/> This was a matter of political opportunism and the peculiar setup for legislative elections in [[Illinois]] at the time, which allowed Daley to take the place on the ballot of the recently deceased [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] candidate [[David Shanahan (politician)|David Shanahan]]. Daley's name was not printed on the ballot due to the closeness of Shanahan's death to the election, but he was able to defeat Shanahan's friend Robert E. Rodgers.<ref name="House election"/>

[[File:Richard J. Daley circa 1937.jpg|thumb|official portrait, circa 1937]]
After his election, Daley quickly moved back to the Democratic side of the aisle. After the death of incumbent Democratic Senator Patrick J. Carroll in 1938, Daley was elected to the [[Illinois Senate]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Rhoads|first=Mark|title=Illinois Hall of Fame: Richard J. Daley|date=November 16, 2016|work=Illinois Review|access-date=June 21, 2020|url=https://www.illinoisreview.com/illinoisreview/2006/11/illinois_hall_o_14.html}}</ref><ref>[http://www.idaillinois.org/cdm/ref/collection/bb/id/20008 Illinois Blue Book 1937–1938], p. 151.</ref> That year Gormley and Jezierny were successfully reelected with Republican [[William S. Finucane]] taking the third spot.<ref>[http://www.idaillinois.org/cdm/ref/collection/bb/id/22854 Illinois Blue Book 1939–1940], p. 163.</ref> In 1939, Illinois State Senator [[William J. Connors|William "Botchy" Connors]] remarked of Daley: "You couldn't give that guy a nickel, that's how honest he is."{{sfn|Royko|1971|p=53|ps=none}} Daley served as Minority Leader of the Illinois Senate from 1941 through 1946.<ref name="CPL"/> He suffered his only political defeat in [[1946 Cook County, Illinois elections|1946]], when he lost a bid to become Cook County sheriff.<ref name="Bio"/>

In the late 1940s, Daley became Democratic Ward Committeeman of the [[11th Ward, Chicago|11th Ward]], a post he retained until his death. He was appointed by Governor [[Adlai Stevenson II]] as head of the Illinois Department of Finance, serving in that role from 1949 through 1950,<ref name="Bio"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Richard J. Daley, director of budgets {{!}} Remembering Richard J. Daley |url=https://rjd.library.uic.edu/richard-j-daley-director-of-budgets/ |website=rjd.library.uic.edu| publisher=University of Illinois Chicago |access-date=27 May 2020 |date=26 July 2017}}</ref> the year he made a successful run for [[Cook County Clerk]]. Daley held that position until being elected Chicago's mayor.<ref name="Bio"/><ref name="CPL">{{cite web |title=Mayor Richard J. Daley Biography |url=https://www.chipublib.org/mayor-richard-j-daley-biography/ |website=www.chipublib.org |publisher=Chicago Public Library |access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref>

[[File:11th Ward - "Daley Machine" HQ.jpg|thumb|[[11th Ward, Chicago|11th Ward]] Democratic committee office, [[Bridgeport]], Chicago]]

Daley became chairman of the Central Committee of the [[Cook County Democratic Party]], i.e., [[political boss|boss]] of the [[political machine]], in 1953.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1722.html|title=Daley's Chicago|website=Encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org|access-date=April 17, 2018}}</ref> Holding this position along with the mayoralty in later years enhanced Daley's power. A recorded phone conversation that Daley had with [[President of the United States|President]] [[Lyndon Johnson]] on January 27, 1968, revealed that despite his Irish Catholic background, Daley also privately had at times tense relations with the [[Kennedy family]] and that he had declined an offer to vote against President [[Harry Truman]] when he was serving as a delegate at the [[1948 Democratic National Convention]].<ref name=jan2768>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/0tc0wT9P7nc Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200301160404/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tc0wT9P7nc Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tc0wT9P7nc&t=367s| title = LBJ and Richard Daley, 1/27/68, 10.58A. | website=[[YouTube]]| date = September 6, 2013 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>

===Early mayoralty===
Daley was first elected [[Mayor of Chicago|mayor]], Chicago's 48th,<ref name="48th">{{cite web |title=Chicago Mayors |url=https://www.chipublib.org/chicago-mayors/ |website=Chicago Public Library |access-date=March 24, 2019}}</ref> [[1955 Chicago mayoral election|in 1955]]. He was reelected to that office five times and had been mayor for 21 years at the time of his death.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbez.org/blogs/john-r-schmidt/2013-03/daley-first-106342|title=Daley wins first election|website=Wbez.org|access-date=April 17, 2018|archive-date=February 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224070230/http://www.wbez.org/blogs/john-r-schmidt/2013-03/daley-first-106342|url-status=dead}}</ref> During his administration, Daley dominated the political arena of the city and, to a lesser extent, that of the entire state. Officially, Chicago has a "weak-mayor" system, in which most of the power is vested in the city council. However, Daley's post as de facto leader of the Chicago Democratic Party allowed him to rule the city with an iron hand and gave him great influence over the city's ward organizations, which in turn allowed him a considerable voice in Democratic [[Partisan primary|primary contests]]—in most cases, the real contest in the Democratic stronghold of Chicago.

In 1959 and 1960, Daley served as president of the [[United States Conference of Mayors]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usmayors.org/the-conference/leadership/ |title=Leadership |date=November 23, 2016 |access-date=July 24, 2020 |publisher=The United States Conference of Mayors}}</ref>

Daley contributed to [[John F. Kennedy]]'s narrow, 8,000 vote victory in Illinois in [[U.S. presidential election, 1960|1960]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/history_lesson/2000/10/was_nixon_robbed.html|title=Was Nixon Robbed?|first=David|last=Greenberg|date=October 16, 2000|access-date=April 17, 2018|website=Slate.com}}</ref>

[[File:Richard J. Daley and John F. Kennedy - 1962 - JFKWHP-KN-C22712.jpg|thumb|Daley with President Kennedy in 1962]]

Major construction during Daley's terms in office resulted in [[O'Hare International Airport]], the [[Sears Tower]], [[McCormick Place]], the [[University of Illinois at Chicago]], numerous expressways and subway construction projects, and other major Chicago landmarks.<ref>{{cite news|last=Cillizza|first=Chris|title=The Fix - Hall of Fame - The Case for Richard J. Daley|url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/thefix/hall-of-fame/hall-of-fame-the-case-for-rich.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201063930/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/thefix/hall-of-fame/hall-of-fame-the-case-for-rich.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 1, 2013|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=September 23, 2009}}</ref> O'Hare was a particular point of pride for Daley, with he and his staff regularly devising occasions to celebrate it. It occasioned one of Daley's numerous clashes with [[community organizing|community organizer]] [[Saul Alinsky]]. His black-neighborhood Woodlawn Organization threatened a mass "piss in" at the airport (a crowding of its toilets) to press demands for open employment.<ref>Playboy (1972), [https://www.newenglishreview.org/Daniel_Mallock/Playboy_Interview_with_Saul_Alinsky/ "Playboy Interview with Saul Alinsky. A Candid Conversation with the Feisty Radical Organizer,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731072604/https://www.newenglishreview.org/Daniel_Mallock/Playboy_Interview_with_Saul_Alinsky/ |date=July 31, 2020 }} ''Playboy''. March. pp. 59-78, 150, 169-179. p.169</ref>

Daley's construction of a modern Chicago rested on the commitment to [[Racial segregation in the United States|racial segregation]]. Housing, highways, and schools were built to serve as barriers between white and black neighborhoods. To revitalize downtown Chicago Daley worked together with business leaders to push out poor black residents and replace them with middle class whites. To prevent black people from moving into white neighborhoods, Daley oversaw the building of [[public housing]] in the form of high-rise towers like the [[Robert Taylor Homes]] that he placed within Chicago's [[American ghettos|black ghettos]]. Many were located along a single street in the ghetto of [[South Side, Chicago|Chicago's South Side]], which became known as the "State Street Corridor" and had the densest concentration of public housing in the nation. Daley was also responsible for routing the [[Dan Ryan Expressway]] along the neighborhood's traditional racial divide, so that it separated the State Street Corridor from the white neighborhoods of the South Side.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cohen |first1=Adam |authorlink=Adam Cohen (journalist) |last2=Taylor |first2=Elizabeth |title=American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley. His Battle for Chicago and the Nation |location=New York |publisher=Little, Brown and Company |date=2000 |pages=10–11 }}</ref> Until the late 1960s, in municipal elections Daley nevertheless enjoyed 70 percent support within the black community. Like other ethnic groups in Chicago, black voters offered party loyalty and votes for political patronage.<ref>{{cite book |last1=White |first1=Brian |title=The Chicago Freedom Movement. Martin Luther King Jr. and Civil Rights Activism in the North |chapter=The Leadership Council for Metropolitan Open Communities |editor-last=Finley |editor-first=Mary Lou |editor2-last=Lafayette |editor2-first=Bernard Jr. |editor3-last=Ralph |editor3-first=James R. |location=Lexington, Kentucky |publisher=The University Press of Kentucky |year=2016 |pages=133–134 }}</ref>

From late 1965 to early 1967 Mayor Daley was confronted by the [[Chicago Freedom Movement]] to improve conditions in the black ghettos. On the one hand, the Chicago civil rights movement formed to fight for better schools. On the other hand, it advocated [[open housing]] in Chicago. The campaign, that became known as the Chicago Freedom Movement, was led by [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], who tried to employ the tactics of peaceful marches like he had in the [[Southern United States|South]]. Daley, with the help of black political leaders who did not want to break with Daley's political machine and the local press, avoided violent confrontations. In mid-August 1966 the "Summit Agreement" was achieved through a series of meetings. Among other things it brought about the creation of the ''Leadership Council for Metropolitan Open Communities''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=White |first1=Brian |title=The Chicago Freedom Movement. Martin Luther King Jr. and Civil Rights Activism in the North |chapter=The Leadership Council for Metropolitan Open Communities |editor-last=Finley |editor-first=Mary Lou |editor2-last=Lafayette |editor2-first=Bernard Jr. |editor3-last=Ralph |editor3-first=James R. |location=Lexington, Kentucky |publisher=The University Press of Kentucky |year=2016 |pages=135–136 }}</ref> While this is a contentious issue, the Chicago Freedom Movement is widely considered a failure or at best a draw.<ref>{{cite book |last1=White |first1=Brian |title=The Chicago Freedom Movement. Martin Luther King Jr. and Civil Rights Activism in the North |chapter=The Leadership Council for Metropolitan Open Communities |editor-last=Finley |editor-first=Mary Lou |editor2-last=Lafayette |editor2-first=Bernard Jr. |editor3-last=Ralph |editor3-first=James R. |location=Lexington, Kentucky |publisher=The University Press of Kentucky |year=2016 |pages=136 }}</ref>

Daley discouraged motion picture and television filming on location in Chicago, after an episode of ''[[M Squad]]'' (aired on January 30, 1959) depicted an officer of [[Chicago Police Department|CPD]] taking bribes. This policy lasted until the end of his term and would be reversed under later mayor [[Jane Byrne]], when ''[[The Blues Brothers (film)|The Blues Brothers]]'' was filmed in Chicago. However during his time in office, movies including ''[[Cooley High]]'', and others were filmed in Chicago.

===1968 and later career===
The year 1968 was a momentous year for Daley. On January 27, Daley informed President Johnson that [[Robert F. Kennedy]] had met him and asked for his support in the [[1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries|upcoming Democratic primaries]], which he declined.<ref name=jan2768 /> He also got the President to accept an offer to either stay in the Democratic primaries or be nominated as [[Hubert Humphrey]]'s [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] at the [[1968 Democratic National Convention|Democratic National Convention]].<ref name=jan2768/> Daley and Johnson were also going to use Kennedy's run for president to help this plan and feed Kennedy's ego by making him think there was a "revolution" in the party as well.<ref name=jan2768/> In April, many castigated Daley for his sharp rhetoric in the aftermath of [[1968 Chicago riots|rioting]] that took place after King's [[Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.|assassination]]. Displeased with what he saw as an over-cautious police response to the rioting, Daley chastised police superintendent James B. Conlisk and subsequently related that conversation at a City Hall press conference as follows:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Perlstein|first=Rick|author-link=Rick Perlstein|title=[[Nixonland: The Rise of a President and the Fracturing of America]]|year=2008|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-7432-4302-5}}</ref>
[[File:Jimmy Carter and Mayor Richard J. Daley at the Illinois State Democratic Convention in Chicago, Illinois.jpg|thumb|[[Jimmy Carter]] and Daley at the Illinois State Democratic Convention in Chicago, Illinois, 1976]]

{{blockquote|I said to him very emphatically and very definitely that an order be issued by him immediately to shoot to kill any arsonist or anyone with a [[Molotov cocktail]] in his hand, because they're potential murderers, and to shoot to maim or cripple anyone looting.}}

This statement generated significant controversy. [[Jesse Jackson]], for example, called it "a [[fascism|fascist's]] response". Daley later backed away from his words in an address to the City Council, saying:

{{blockquote|It is the established policy of the police department – fully supported by this administration – that only the minimum force necessary be used by policemen in carrying out their duties.}}

Later that month, Daley asserted,

{{blockquote|There wasn't any shoot-to-kill order. That was a fabrication.}}

Robert Kennedy was also [[Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy|assassinated]] in June 1968, thus hurting Daley's earlier plan to make Johnson, who withdrew his re-election bid in March, Vice President.

In August, the 1968 Democratic National Convention was held in Chicago. Intended to showcase Daley's achievements to national Democrats and the news media, the proceedings during the convention instead garnered notoriety for the mayor and city, descending into verbal outbursts between participants, and a circus for the media. With the nation divided by the [[Vietnam War]] and with the assassinations of King and Kennedy earlier that year serving as backdrop, the city became a battleground for anti-war protesters who vowed to shut down the convention. In some cases, [[1968 Democratic National Convention protests|confrontations between protesters and police]] turned violent, with images of the chaos broadcast on national television. Later, anti-war activists [[Abbie Hoffman]], [[Jerry Rubin]], and three other members of the "[[Chicago Seven]]" were convicted of crossing state lines with the intent of inciting a riot as a result of these confrontations, though the convictions were overturned on appeal.

At the convention itself, [[United States Senator|Senator]] [[Abraham A. Ribicoff]] went off-script during his speech nominating [[George McGovern]], saying, "And with George McGovern as President of the United States, we wouldn't have to have [[Gestapo]] tactics in the streets of Chicago. And with George McGovern as president, we wouldn't have to have a [[Illinois National Guard|National Guard]]." Ribicoff, with his voice shaking, then said: "How hard it is to speak the truth, when we know the problems that are facing this nation", for which some in the crowd booed Ribicoff. Ribicoff also tried to introduce a motion to shut down the convention and move it to another city. Many conventioneers applauded Ribicoff's remarks, but an indignant Daley tried to shout down the speaker. As television cameras focused on Daley, [[lip reading|lip-readers]] later said they observed him shouting, "Fuck you, you Jew son of a bitch, you lousy motherfucker, go home!"<ref>{{cite book|title=Battleground Chicago: The Police and the 1968 Democratic National Convention|first=Frank|last=Kusch|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2008|isbn=9780226465036|page=108}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Chicago '68|first=David|last=Farber|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1994|isbn=9780226237992|page=249}}</ref> Defenders of the mayor later stated that he was calling Ribicoff a faker,<ref>Marc, Schogol. "Views differ on impact of religious bias in race", ''[[Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel]]'', August 9, 2000. Accessed May 21, 2007. "Chicago Mayor Richard Daley cursed Ribicoff with an anti-Semitic slur at the raucous 1968 Democratic National Convention."</ref><ref>Singh, Robert. [https://books.google.com/books?id=WC1RFGPDhQUC&dq=ribicoff+daley+convention+%22anti+semitic%22&pg=PA106 "American Government and Politics: A Concise Introduction"], Sage Publications (2003), p. 106. "Chicago police assaulted anti-war protesters, while inside turmoil engulfed proceedings and Chicago boss Richard Daley hurled anti-Semitic abuse at Senator Abraham Ribicoff (Democratic, Connecticut)."</ref> a charge denied by Daley and refuted by [[Mike Royko]]'s reporting.<ref>Royko, p. 189.</ref> A federal commission, led by local attorney and party activist [[Dan Walker (politician)|Dan Walker]], investigated the events surrounding the convention and described them as a "[[police riot]]". Daley defended his police force with the following statement, which was also a slip of the tongue: "The confrontation was not caused by the police. The confrontation was caused by those who charged the police. Gentlemen, let's get this thing straight, once and for all. The policeman is not here to create disorder. The policeman is here to preserve disorder."<ref>Witcover, page 272</ref>

Public opinion polls conducted after the convention demonstrated that the majority of Americans supported Daley's tactics.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bogart|first1=Leo|title=Polls and the Awareness of Public Opinion|year=1988|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=1412831504|page=235|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0RrsMRsvkHIC&q=daley+1968+public+opinion+polls&pg=PA235}}</ref> [[1971 Chicago mayoral election|Daley was historically re-elected for the fifth time in 1971]]. However, many have argued this was due to a lack of formidable opposition rather than Daley's own popularity.<ref>Biles, Roger. ''Richard J. Daley: Politics, Race, and the Government of Chicago''. Northern Illinois University Press (1995). p. 183</ref> Democratic nominee McGovern threw Daley out of the [[1972 Democratic National Convention]], replacing his delegation with one led by [[Jesse Jackson]]. This event arguably marked a downturn in Daley's power and influence within the Democratic Party but given his public standing, McGovern later made amends by putting Daley loyalist (and Kennedy in-law) [[Sargent Shriver]] on his ticket. In January 1973, former Illinois Racing Board Chairman William S. Miller testified that Daley had "induced" him to bribe [[Governor of Illinois|Illinois Governor]] [[Otto Kerner Jr.|Otto Kerner]].

In the [[1970 Illinois elections#Ballot measures (December 15)|1970 special election]] deciding whether or not Illinois would adopt its then-proposed [[Constitution of Illinois|state constitution]], Daley came out in support of its adoption late in the campaign. His support may have ultimately been critical in influencing Illinois voters in their decision to ultimately adopt the proposed constitution.<ref name=constitution>{{cite book |last1=Kopecky |first1=Frank |last2=Harris |first2=Mary Sherman |title=UNDERSTANDING THE ILLINOIS CONSTITUTION 2001 EDITION |page=6 |url=http://www.isba.org/Sections/constbook.pdf |via=www.isba.org |publisher=Illinois State Bar Association |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228163242/http://www.isba.org/Sections/constbook.pdf |archive-date=February 28, 2008}}</ref> Daley was a strong proponent of Illinois having [[home rule]] for local government, and this constitution enshrined the ability for local governments to become home rule units.<ref name=constitution/>

Daley was reelected mayor for a (then-record) sixth term in [[1975 Chicago mayoral election|1975]].

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Richard J. Daley 1970.tif|Daley in 1970
File:MAYOR DALEY IS ON THE REVIEWING STAND AT OPENING DAY PARADE FOR THE LAKE FRONT FESTIVAL. "KING NEPTUNE" IS AT THE... - NARA - 551935.jpg|Daley at the opening day parade for the Lakefront Festival, 1973
</gallery>

==Death and funeral==
[[File:Grave of Richard Joseph Daley (1902–1976) at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery, Alsip, IL 1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Daley's grave at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery]]

Shortly after 2:00&nbsp;p.m. on December 20, 1976, Daley collapsed on the city's [[Near North Side, Chicago|Near North Side]] while on his way to lunch. He was rushed to the office of his private physician at 900 North Michigan Avenue. It was confirmed that Daley had suffered a massive [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]] and he was pronounced dead at 2:55&nbsp;p.m.; he was 74 years old.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/12/21/archives/mayor-richard-daley-of-chicago-dies-at-74-last-of-the-bigcity.html|title=Mayor Richard Daley of Chicago Dies at 74|newspaper=The New York Times |date=December 21, 1976 |page=1 |access-date=2022-05-11}}</ref>

Daley's funeral took place on December 22 at [[Nativity of Our Lord Catholic Church, Chicago]], the church that he had attended since his childhood.<ref name="TenDays"/><ref name="Daley"/> Attending his funeral were [[Jimmy Carter]] (the [[President-elect of the United States|U.S. president-elect]]) and vice president [[Nelson Rockefeller]].<ref name="TenDays">{{cite web |last1=Hartzell |first1=Wesley |title=Ten Days in December –The Death of Daley |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/383974701 |via=Newspapers.com |publisher=Chicago Tribune |access-date=1 November 2024 |language=en |date=January 2, 1977}}</ref> Daley is buried in [[Holy Sepulchre Cemetery (Worth, Illinois)|Holy Sepulchre Cemetery]] in [[Worth Township, Cook County, Illinois|Worth Township]], southwest of Chicago.

After a several-days-long dispute over who would become Chicago's acting mayor, a deal was brokered that resulted in [[Michael A. Bilandic]] being appointed acting mayor by the city council. Similtaneously, [[George W. Dunne]] (the [[president of the Cook County Board of Commissioners]]) was chosen to be Daley's successor as chair of the Cook County Democratic Party.<ref name="TenDays"/>

==Personal life and family==
Daley met [[Eleanor "Sis" Daley|Eleanor "Sis" Guilfoyle]] at a local ball game. He courted "Sis" for six years, during which time he finished law school and was established in his legal profession. They were married on June 17, 1936, and lived in a modest brick bungalow at 3536 South Lowe Avenue in the heavily Irish and Polish neighborhood of Bridgeport, a few blocks from his birthplace.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/chi-011212sis-gallery-photogallery.html |title=Eleanor "Sis" Daley |website=Chicagotribune.com |date=September 15, 2014 |access-date=April 17, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nGem2g467GAC&q=richard+j+daley+sis&pg=PT317 |title=American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley - His Battle for Chicago and the Nation |first1=Adam |last1=Cohen |first2=Elizabeth |last2=Taylor |date=May 8, 2001 |publisher=Little, Brown |isbn=9780759524279 |access-date=April 17, 2018 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="Daley"/> They had three daughters and four sons, in that order. Their eldest son, [[Richard M. Daley]], was elected mayor of Chicago in 1989, and served in that position until his retirement in 2011. The youngest son, [[William M. Daley]], served as [[White House Chief of Staff]] under [[Barack Obama|President Barack Obama]] and as [[US Secretary of Commerce]] under [[Bill Clinton|President Bill Clinton]]. Another son, [[John P. Daley]], is a member of the [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook County]] Board of Commissioners. The other progeny has stayed out of public life. Michael Daley is a partner in the law firm Daley & George, and Mary Carol (Daley) Vanecko is a teacher, as were Patricia (Daley) Martino, who died in 2024, and Eleanor, who died in 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagobusiness.com/cgi-bin/mag/article.pl?article_id=24671|title=Daley|website=Chicagobusiness.com|access-date=April 17, 2018}}</ref>

===Speaking style===
: ''{{Wikiquote-inline}}''
Daley, who never lost his blue-collar Chicago accent, was known for often mangling his syntax and other verbal gaffes. Daley made one of his most memorable verbal missteps in 1968, while defending what the news media reported as police misconduct during that year's violent Democratic convention, stating, "Gentlemen, get the thing straight once and for all – the policeman isn't there to create disorder, the policeman is there to ''preserve'' disorder." Daley's reputation for misspeaking was such that his press secretary Earl Bush would tell reporters, "Write what he means, not what he says."<ref>{{cite news|first=William E |last=Schmidt |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE3DD1038F932A15751C0A96F948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all# |title=Chicago Journal; Syntax Is a Loser in Mayoral Race |newspaper=The New York Times |page=A13 |date=February 2, 1989|access-date=2022-05-11}}</ref>

==Legacy==
A 1993 survey of historians, political scientists and urban experts conducted by Melvin G. Holli of the [[University of Illinois at Chicago]] saw Daley ranked as the fifth best American big-city mayor to serve between the years 1820 and 1993.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Holli | first = Melvin G. | title = The American Mayor | publisher = PSU Press | year = 1999 | location = University Park | url = https://archive.org/details/americanmayorbes0000holl | isbn = 0-271-01876-3 }}</ref> The survey also saw Daley ranked the best big-city mayor to serve in office post-1960.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Holli |first1=Melvin G. |title=American Mayors: The Best and the Worst since 1960 |journal=Social Science Quarterly |date=1997 |volume=78 |issue=1 |pages=149–157 |jstor=42863681 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/42863681 |access-date=1 March 2023 |issn=0038-4941}}</ref> On the 50th anniversary of Daley's first 1955 swearing-in, several dozen Daley biographers and associates met at the [[Chicago Historical Society]]. Historian [[Michael Beschloss]] called Daley "the pre-eminent mayor of the 20th century". [[Robert Remini]] pointed out that while other cities were in fiscal crisis in the 1960s and 1970s, "Chicago always had a double-A bond rating." According to Chicago folksinger [[Steve Goodman]], "no man could inspire more love, more hate".

Daley, through his political patronage and role as a political boss, helped advance the political careers of multiple Chicagoans. Notable protégés included [[Michael A. Bilandic]], [[Jane Byrne]], [[Neil Hartigan]], and [[Edward Hanrahan]].

Daley's twenty-one-year tenure as mayor is memorialized in the following public buildings:

* A week after his death, the former William J. Bogan Junior College, one of the [[City Colleges of Chicago]], was renamed as the [[Richard J. Daley College]] in his honor.
* The [[Richard J. Daley Center]] (originally, the Chicago Civic Center) is a 32-floor office building completed in 1965 and renamed for the mayor after his death.
* The [[Richard J. Daley Library]], the primary academic library at the [[University of Illinois at Chicago]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uic.edu/depts/lib/mainlib/ |title=UIC Library: Main Library |website=www.uic.edu |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970607034602/http://www.uic.edu/depts/lib/mainlib/ |archive-date=7 June 1997 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The Richard J. Daley Branch of the Chicago Public Library in [[Bridgeport, Chicago|Bridgeport]], Daley's home community, dedicated February 1, 1989.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Richard J. Daley Branch |url=https://www.chipublib.org/about-richard-j-daley-branch/ |website=www.chipublib.org |access-date=12 February 2025}}</ref>

Journalists Adam Cohen and Elizabeth Taylor argue that Daley's politics may have saved Chicago from the same fate that cities like [[Detroit]], [[Kansas City]], [[St. Louis|Saint Louis]] and [[Cleveland]] endured, which suffered from suburbanization, crime and white flight. "But for every middle-class neighborhood he saved, there was a poor neighborhood in which living conditions worsened. For every downtown skyscraper that kept jobs and tax dollars in the city, there was a housing project tower that confined poor people in an overcrowded ghetto".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cohen |first1=Adam |authorlink=Adam Cohen (journalist) |last2=Taylor |first2=Elizabeth |title=American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley. His Battle for Chicago and the Nation |location=New York |publisher=Little, Brown and Company |date=2000 |page=11 }}</ref>

Daley was known by many Chicagoans as "Da Mare" ("The Mayor"), "Hizzoner" ("His Honor"), and "The Man on Five" (his office was on the fifth floor of City Hall). Since Daley's death and the subsequent election of son Richard as mayor in 1989, the first Mayor Daley has become known as "Boss Daley",<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-J-Daley | title=Richard J. Daley American politician and lawyer | website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |accessdate=May 3, 2018}}</ref> "Old Man Daley", or "Daley Senior" to residents of Chicago.

During the civil rights era, some black Chicagoans referred to Daley as "Pharaoh", comparing him to the oppressive and unrelenting figure in the [[Book of Exodus]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cohen |first1=Adam |authorlink=Adam Cohen (journalist) |last2=Taylor |first2=Elizabeth |title=American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley. His Battle for Chicago and the Nation |location=New York |publisher=Little, Brown and Company |date=2000 |pages=12 }}</ref> These claims were supported by Daley's role in the assassination of Fred Hampton and his anti-MLK stance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3734&context=edissertations|title=Policing, Race, and Politics in Chicago|first1=Peter Constaine|last1=Pihos|publisher=University of Pennsylvania|date=2015|accessdate=March 27, 2023}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
{{in popular culture|date=May 2022}}
* The [[Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young]] song "[[Chicago (Graham Nash song)|Chicago]]" (written by [[Graham Nash]]) was about the 1968 Democratic convention. In their live album ''[[4 Way Street]]'', Nash ironically dedicates the song to "Mayor Daley".
* The first verse Steve Goodman's original 1972 version of "The Lincoln Park Pirates" contains the line, "the stores are all closing and Daley is dozing". Following Daley's death, Goodman replaced the reference with "...&nbsp;and Bilandic's been chosen". Goodman also wrote and recorded a song called "Daley's Gone", which appeared on his 1977 album ''Say It in Private''.
* Songwriters Tom Walsh, Tom Black and Terry McEldowney pay homage to Daley in "[[South Side Irish#South Side Irish song|South Side Irish]]", making him the subject of the entire third verse.
* In episode 13 of the third season of ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', a sketch entitled "Miracle in Chicago" portrays Mayor Daley (played by [[John Belushi]]) appearing as a ghost to a pub owner and a customer (played respectively by [[Dan Aykroyd]] and [[Bill Murray]]). Daley has come back to give [[Michael Anthony Bilandic|the new Mayor]] a few electoral tips and complain about his burial site. Before disappearing again, he helps the owner get the popular [[Music of Ireland|Irish song]] "[[Too Ra Loo Ra Loo Ral]]" on his [[juke box]] and leaves him a gift [[Domesticated turkey|turkey]].
* In a scene set at the Chez Paul restaurant in the 1980 film ''[[The Blues Brothers (film)|The Blues Brothers]]'', the [[maître d'hôtel]] ([[Alan Rubin]]) is seen talking on the phone: "No, sir, Mayor Daley no longer dines here, sir. He's dead, sir." Later in the film, when the brothers are driving rapidly through Chicago, Elwood ([[Dan Aykroyd]]) comments "If my estimations are correct, we should be very close to the Honorable [[Richard J. Daley Center|Richard J. Daley Plaza]]". "That's where they got that [[Chicago Picasso|Picasso]]!" Jake enthuses. The classic "use of unnecessary violence in the apprehension of the Blues Brothers has been approved" line delivered by a police dispatcher is an obvious homage to Daley's 1968 order during the riots following Martin Luther King's assassination.

==See also==
{{Portal|Chicago}}
* [[Timeline of Chicago history#1950s-1990s|Timeline of Chicago]], 1950s–1970s

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
=== Biographies ===
{{external media| float = right|video1= [https://www.c-span.org/video/?157966-1/american-pharoah-mayor-richard-j-daley Interview with Adam Cohen and Elizabeth Taylor on ''American Pharaoh'', June 3, 2000], [[C-SPAN]] |video2 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?157619-1/american-pharaoh ''Booknotes'' interview with Taylor on ''American Pharaoh'', July 23, 2000], [[C-SPAN]]}}
* {{cite book|last1=Cohen|first1=Adam|last2=Taylor|first2=Elizabeth|author-link1=Adam Cohen (journalist)|title=American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley: His Battle for Chicago and the Nation|year=2000|publisher=Little, Brown|location=Boston|isbn=0-316-83403-3|url=https://archive.org/details/americanpharaohmcoh00cohe}} Detailed scholarly biography. 
* {{cite video|people=Goodman, Barak (director)|date=1995|title=Daley: The Last Boss|medium=documentary}} Originally shown on the [[PBS]] program ''[[American Experience]]''.
* {{cite book|last=Kennedy|first=Eugene|author-link=Eugene Kennedy|title=Himself!: The Life and Times of Mayor Richard J. Daley|year=1978|publisher=Viking Press|location=New York|isbn=0-670-37258-7|url=https://archive.org/details/himselflifetimes00kenn}}
* {{cite book|last=O'Connor|first=Len|title=Clout: Mayor Daley and His City|year=1975|publisher=H. Regnery|location=Chicago|isbn=0-8092-8291-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Royko|first=Mike|author-link=Mike Royko|title=[[Boss (book)|Boss: Richard J. Daley of Chicago]]|year=1971|publisher=Dutton|location=New York|isbn=0-525-07000-1}}
* Sullivan, Frank. ''Legend, the only inside story about Mayor Richard J. Daley'' (1989) [https://archive.org/details/legendonlyinside00sull online]
* {{cite book|last=Witcover|first=Jules|author-link=Jules Witcover|title=The Year the Dream Died: Revisiting 1968 in America|url=https://archive.org/details/yeardreamdiedrev00witc|url-access=registration|year=1997|publisher=Warner Books|location=New York|isbn=0-446-67471-0}}

=== Academic studies ===
* {{cite book|last=Biles|first=Roger|title=Richard J. Daley: Politics, Race, and the Government of Chicago|url=https://archive.org/details/richardjdaleypol0000bile|url-access=registration|year=1995|publisher=Northern Illinois University Press|location=DeKalb, Ill.|isbn=0-87580-199-4}}
* {{cite book|last=Holli|first=Melvin G.|title=The American Mayor: The Best and the Worst Big-city Leaders|year=1999|publisher=[[Pennsylvania State University]] Press|location=University Park, Pa.|isbn=0-271-01876-3|url=https://archive.org/details/americanmayorbes0000holl}}
** Charles Kolb, [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=26785931291193 Review of ''The American Mayor''].

* [[Dominic A. Pacyga|Pacyga, Dominic A.]] ''Clout City: The Rise and Fall of the Chicago Political Machine'' (U of Chicago Press, 2025) [https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/C/bo251984625.html online]

* {{cite book|last=Peterson|first=Paul E.|title=School Politics, Chicago Style|year=1976|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|isbn=0-226-66288-8|url=https://archive.org/details/schoolpoliticsch0000pete}}
* {{cite book|last=Rakove|first=Milton L.|title=Don't Make No Waves—Don't Back No Losers: An Insider's Analysis of the Daley Machine|year=1975|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington, Ind.|isbn=0-253-11725-9|url=https://archive.org/details/dontmakenowavesd0000rako}}
* {{cite book|last=Simpson|first=Dick|title=Rogues, Rebels, and Rubber Stamps: The Politics of the Chicago City Council from 1863 to the Present|year=2001|publisher=Westview Press|location=Boulder, Colo.|isbn=0-8133-9763-4}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Richard J. Daley}} 
* [http://rjd.library.uic.edu Remembering Richard J. Daley - UIC Library]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060215160953/http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Chicago7/Daley2.html Mayor Richard J. Daley bio] at the Chicago 7 Trial Page
* [http://www.suntimes.com/images/cds/MP3/Familytree.html Daley Family Tree (interactive graphic)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917014936/http://www.suntimes.com/images/cds/MP3/Familytree.html |date=September 17, 2009 }}
*{{YouTube|ARGF5D4AvnA|Harold Washington on the Legacy of Richard J. Daley}}, video excerpt from a 1986 documentary special on Richard J. Daley
*

{{S-start}}
{{S-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Martin H. Kennelly]]}} 
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of mayors of Chicago|Mayor of Chicago]]|years=April 20, 1955 – December 20, 1976}} 
{{s-aft|after=[[Michael Anthony Bilandic|Michael A. Bilandic]]}}
{{S-end}}
{{Richard J. Daley}}
{{Mayors of Chicago}}
{{United States Conference of Mayors Presidents}}
{{Cook County Democratic Party chairs|state=collapsed}}
{{Cook County Clerk|state=collapsed}}
{{Chicago Seven}}
{{Authority control}}

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[[Category:Richard J. Daley| ]]
[[Category:1902 births]]
[[Category:1976 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century mayors of places in Illinois]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the Illinois General Assembly]]
[[Category:American people of Irish descent]]
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[[Category:American segregationists]]
[[Category:Burials at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery (Alsip, Illinois)]]
[[Category:Catholics from Illinois]]
[[Category:Chicago City Council members]]
[[Category:Cook County Clerks]]
[[Category:Daley family|Richard J.]]
[[Category:De La Salle Institute alumni]]
[[Category:DePaul University College of Law alumni]]
[[Category:Democratic Party Illinois state senators]]
[[Category:Democratic Party members of the Illinois House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Lawyers from Chicago]]
[[Category:Mayors of Chicago]]
[[Category:Presidents of the United States Conference of Mayors]]
[[Category:Cook County Democratic Party chairs]]