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{{Short description|Top administrative divisions of New Zealand}} {{Use New Zealand English|date=August 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}} {{Infobox subdivision type | name = Regions | alt_name = | map = {{New Zealand region map|size=250px}} | category = <!-- top tier of local government --> | territory = {{NZL}} | start_date= 1 November 1989 | legislation_begin = | current_number = [[#List of regions|16]] | number_date = 1 July 1992 | population_range = {{NZ population data 2018|West Coast region|y}} ([[West Coast Region|West Coast]]) – {{NZ population data 2018|Auckland region|y}} ([[Auckland Region|Auckland]]) | area_range = {{Convert|172|sqmi|km2|order=flip|abbr=on}} ([[Nelson, New Zealand|Nelson]]) – {{Convert|17508|sqmi|km2|order=flip|abbr=on}} ([[Canterbury Region|Canterbury]]) | government = Regional councils and unitary authorities }} {{Politics of New Zealand|expanded=Local}} [[New Zealand]] is divided into sixteen '''regions''' for [[local government in New Zealand|local government]] purposes. Eleven are administered by regional councils, and five are administered by [[Unitary authority#New Zealand|unitary authorities]], which are [[territorial authorities of New Zealand|territorial authorities]] that also perform the functions of regional councils.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/info-about-2013-census-data/2013-census-definitions-forms/definitions/u.aspx |title=2013 Census definitions and forms: U |publisher=Statistics New Zealand |access-date=30 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About local government in New Zealand |url= https://www.lgc.govt.nz/about-us/about-local-government-in-new-zealand/ |publisher=[[Local Government Commission (New Zealand)|Local Government Commission]] |access-date=30 August 2024}}</ref> Although technically a district but classed as a territory, The [[Chatham Islands Territory]] is outside the regions<ref>{{cite web |title=Regional Council 2025 |url= https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/layer/120946-regional-council-2025/ |publisher=Stats NZ |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref> and is administered by the [[Chatham Islands Council]], which is similar to a unitary authority, authorised under its own legislation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chatham Islands Council Act 1995 |url= https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1995/0041/latest/DLM367666.html |work=New Zealand Legislation |publisher=Parliamentary Counsel Office |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref> ==Current regions== ===History and statutory basis=== The regional councils are listed in Part 1 of Schedule 2 of the [[Local Government Act 2002]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2002/0084/latest/DLM170881.html |title=Local Government Act 2002 No 84 - Interpretation |access-date=2008-07-17}}</ref> along with reference to the ''[[New Zealand Gazette|Gazette]]'' notices that established them in 1989.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2002/0084/latest/DLM174258.html |title=Local Government Act 2002 No 84 - Part 1, Schedule 2|access-date=2008-07-17}}</ref> The act requires regional councils to promote [[sustainable development]]{{spaced ndash}}the social, economic, environmental and cultural well-being of their communities.<ref>[http://www.qp.org.nz/related-laws/faq-rma-lga.php Relationship between the Local Government Act and the RMA] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060325233726/http://www.qp.org.nz/related-laws/faq-rma-lga.php |date=25 March 2006 }} Quality Planning The RMA Resource, retrieved 11 October 2007.</ref> The current regions and most of their councils came into being through a [[1989 New Zealand local government reforms|local government reform in 1989]] that took place under the [[Local Government Act 1974 (New Zealand)|Local Government Act 1974]]. The regional councils replaced the more than 700 ad hoc bodies that had been formed in the preceding century – roads boards, catchment boards, drainage boards, pest control boards, harbour boards, domain and reserve boards.<ref name="bush">{{cite book|author=Bush, Graham|year=1995|edition=2nd|title=Local Government & Politics in New Zealand |isbn=1-86940-126-3 |publisher=Auckland University Press}}</ref> In addition they took over some roles that had previously been performed by county councils. The boundaries of the regions are based largely on [[drainage basin]]s.<ref name="OECD">{{cite book|title=OECD Territorial Reviews OECD Territorial Reviews: The Metropolitan Region of Rotterdam-The Hague, Netherlands|date=2016|publisher=OECD Publishing|isbn=9789264249387|page=169|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PkR_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA169|language=en}}</ref> This anticipated the responsibilities of the [[Resource Management Act 1991]].<ref name="NZHA98">''New Zealand Historical Atlas''{{spaced ndash}}McKinnon, Malcolm (Editor); David Bateman, 1997, Plate 98</ref> Most regional boundaries conform with territorial authority boundaries but there are a number of exceptions. An example is [[Taupo District]], split between four regions, although most of its area is in the [[Waikato]] region.<ref>{{cite web |title=Property Asset Management Plan 2015-2025 |url=https://www.taupodc.govt.nz/repository/libraries/id:25026fn3317q9slqygym/hierarchy/our-council/consultation/documents/long-term-plan-2018-2028/property-asset-management-plans/TDC%20Property%20AMP%20-%20Section%2001%20-%20Introduction%20-%20Opus.pdf |publisher=[[Taupo District Council]] |access-date=4 April 2020 |page=2 |date=November 2017}}</ref> There is often a high degree of co-operation between regional and territorial councils as they have complementary roles. ===Resource management functions=== Regional councils have these specific functions under the [[Resource Management Act 1991]]: *Planning for the integrated management of natural and physical resources<ref>Resource Management Act, Section 30(1)(a)- Parliament of New Zealand, 1991</ref> *Planning for regionally significant land uses<ref>Resource Management Act, Section 30(1)(b)- Parliament of New Zealand, 1991</ref> *[[Soil conservation]], water quality and quantity, water ecosystems, natural hazards, hazardous substances <ref>Resource Management Act, Section 30(1)(c)- Parliament of New Zealand, 1991</ref> *Controlling the coastal marine area<ref>Resource Management Act, Section 30(1)(d)- Parliament of New Zealand, 1991</ref> *Controlling via [[resource consent]]s the taking, use, damming or diverting of water <ref>Resource Management Act, Section 30(1)(e)- Parliament of New Zealand, 1991</ref> *Controlling via resource consents the discharge of contaminants<ref>Resource Management Act, Section 30(1)(f)- Parliament of New Zealand, 1991</ref> *Establishing of rules in a regional plan to allocate water<ref>Resource Management Act, Section 30(1)(fa)- Parliament of New Zealand, 1991. NB this is a new paragraph added in 2005.</ref> *Controlling via resource consents the beds of waterbodies<ref>Resource Management Act, Section 30(1)(g)- Parliament of New Zealand, 1991</ref> ===Other functions=== Regional councils have responsibility for functions under other statutes;<ref>Harris, R. (2004). "Local government and development legislation", Chapter 3G, ''Handbook of Environmental Law'', Harris, R. (ed.), {{ISBN|0-9597851-8-3}}, Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society of New Zealand, Wellington, p. 130.</ref> * flood and river control under the Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Act 1941, * reserves vested in regional councils under the [[Reserves Act 1977]], * civil defence under the Civil Defence Act 1990, * regional pest management under the [[Biosecurity Act 1993]], * harbour and water navigation under the [[Maritime Transport Act 1994]], * [[hazardous waste]] under the HSNO Act 1996, * public transport planning under the Land Transport Act 1998, and * supervision of the safety of dams under the Building Act 2004.<ref>Sections 135, 142, 150, and 154 Building Act 2004, Parliament of New Zealand.</ref> {{-}} ===List of regions=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: left;" |- !rowspan=2 bgcolor="#efefef" width="3%" | !rowspan=2 align="left" bgcolor="#f2f2f4" | Name<br />(name in [[Māori language|Māori]] if different) !rowspan=2 align="left" bgcolor="#f2f2f4" | Regional council !rowspan=2 align="left" bgcolor="#f2f2f4" | Seats !rowspan=2 align="left" bgcolor="#f2f2f4" | Council seat !rowspan=2 align="left" bgcolor="#f2f2f4" | Island !colspan=2 align="right" bgcolor="#f2f2f4" | Land area<ref>{{cite web |url=https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/layer/104253-regional-council-2020-clipped-generalised/ |title=Regional Council 2020 Clipped (generalised) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=30 January 2020 |publisher=Stats NZ |access-date=21 September 2020}}</ref> !rowspan=2 align="right" bgcolor="#f2f2f4" | Population{{NZ population data 2018||||y}} !colspan=2 align="right" | Density !rowspan=2 align="right" bgcolor="#f2f2f4" | [[ISO 3166-2:NZ|ISO 3166-2 Code]] |- !align="right" |km<sup>2</sup> !align="right" |sq mi !align="right" |per km<sup>2</sup> !align="right" |per sq mi |- | align="center" | 1 | [[Northland Region|Northland]]<br />{{lang|mi|Te Tai Tokerau}} | [[Northland Regional Council]] | 9 | [[Whangārei]] | [[North Island|North]] | {{convert|12,504|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | {{NZ population data 2018|Northland region|y}} | {{convert|{{decimals|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Northland region|y}}|R}}/12504}}|2}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | <code>NZ-NTL</code> |- | align="center" | 2 | [[Auckland Region|Auckland]]{{efn|group=NZReg|name=UA|These regions have ''[[Unitary authority#New Zealand|unitary authorities]]''.}}<br />{{lang|mi|Tāmaki-makau-rau}} | [[Auckland Council]] | 21 | [[Auckland]] | North | {{convert|4,941|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | {{NZ population data 2018|Auckland region|y}} | {{convert|{{decimals|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Auckland region|y}}|R}}/4941}}|2}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | <code>NZ-AUK</code> |- | align="center" | 3 | [[Waikato]] | [[Waikato Regional Council]] | 14 | [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]] | North | {{convert|23,900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | {{NZ population data 2018|Waikato region|y}} | {{convert|{{decimals|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Waikato region|y}}|R}}/23900}}|2}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | <code>NZ-WKO</code> |- | align="center" | 4 | [[Bay of Plenty Region|Bay of Plenty]]<br />{{lang|mi|Te Moana-a-Toi}} | [[Bay of Plenty Regional Council]] | 14 | [[Whakatāne]] | North | {{convert|12,072|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | {{NZ population data 2018|Bay of Plenty region|y}} | {{convert|{{decimals|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Bay of Plenty region|y}}|R}}/12072}}|2}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | <code>NZ-BOP</code> |- | align="center" | 5 | [[Gisborne District|Gisborne]]{{efn|group=NZReg|name=UA}}{{efn|group=NZReg|name=Gisb|The Gisborne Region is still widely but unofficially known by its former name East Cape or as the East Coast.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Soutar |first1=Monty |title=East Coast places - Gisborne |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/east-coast-places/page-6 |encyclopedia=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |access-date=4 April 2020 |date=1 March 2015 |language=en-NZ}}</ref>}}<br />{{lang|mi|Te Tairāwhiti}} | [[Gisborne District Council]] | 14 | [[Gisborne, New Zealand|Gisborne]] | North | {{convert|8,385|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | {{NZ population data 2018|Gisborne region|y}} | {{convert|{{decimals|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Gisborne region|y}}|R}}/8385}}|2}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | <code>NZ-GIS</code> |- | align="center" | 6 | [[Hawke's Bay]]<br />{{lang|mi|Te Matau-a-Māui}} | [[Hawke's Bay Regional Council]] | 11 | [[Napier, New Zealand|Napier]] | North | {{convert|14,138|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | {{NZ population data 2018|Hawke's Bay region|y}} | {{convert|{{decimals|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Hawke's Bay region|y}}|R}}/14138}}|2}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | <code>NZ-HKB</code> |- | align="center" | 7 | [[Taranaki]] | [[Taranaki Regional Council]] | 11 | [[Stratford, New Zealand|Stratford]] | North | {{convert|7,254|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | {{NZ population data 2018|Taranaki region|y}} | {{convert|{{decimals|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Taranaki region|y}}|R}}/7254}}|2}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | <code>NZ-TKI</code> |- | align="center" | 8 | [[Manawatū-Whanganui]] | [[Horizons Regional Council]] | 12 | [[Palmerston North]] | North | {{convert|22,221|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" |{{NZ population data 2018|Manawatū-Whanganui region|y}} | {{convert|{{decimals|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Manawatū-Whanganui region|y}}|R}}/22221}}|2}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | <code>NZ-MWT</code> |- | align="center" | 9 | [[Wellington Region|Wellington]]<br />{{lang|mi|Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara}} | [[Greater Wellington Regional Council]] | 13 | [[Wellington]] | North | {{convert|8,049|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | {{NZ population data 2018|Wellington region|y}} | {{convert|{{decimals|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Wellington region|y}}|R}}/8049}}|2}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | <code>NZ-WGN</code> |- | align="center" | 10 | [[Tasman District|Tasman]]{{efn|group=NZReg|name=UA}}<br />{{lang|mi|Te Tai-o-Aorere}} | [[Tasman District Council]] | 13 | [[Richmond, New Zealand|Richmond]] | [[South Island|South]] | {{convert|9,616|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | {{NZ population data 2018|Tasman region|y}} | {{convert|{{decimals|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Tasman region|y}}|R}}/9616}}|2}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | <code>NZ-TAS</code> |- | align="center" | 11 | [[Nelson, New Zealand|Nelson]]{{efn|group=NZReg|name=UA}}<br />{{lang|mi|Whakatū}} | [[Nelson City Council]] | 13 | [[Nelson, New Zealand|Nelson]] | South | {{convert|422|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | {{NZ population data 2018|Nelson region|y}} | {{convert|{{decimals|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Nelson region|y}}|R}}/422}}|2}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | <code>NZ-NSN</code> |- | align="center" | 12 | [[Marlborough District|Marlborough]]{{efn|group=NZReg|name=UA}}<br />{{lang|mi|Te Tauihu-o-te-waka}} | [[Marlborough District Council]] | 14 | [[Blenheim, New Zealand|Blenheim]] | South | {{convert|10,458|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | {{NZ population data 2018|Marlborough region|y}} | {{convert|{{decimals|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Marlborough region|y}}|R}}/10498}}|2}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | <code>NZ-MBH</code> |- | align="center" | 13 | [[West Coast Region|West Coast]]<br />{{lang|mi|Te Tai Poutini}} | [[West Coast Region|West Coast Regional Council]] | 7 | [[Greymouth]] | South | {{convert|23,245|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | {{NZ population data 2018|West Coast region|y}} | {{convert|{{decimals|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|West Coast region|y}}|R}}/23245}}|2}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | <code>NZ-WTC</code> |- | align="center" | 14 | [[Canterbury Region|Canterbury]]<br />{{lang|mi|Waitaha}} | [[Environment Canterbury]] | 14 | [[Christchurch]] | South | {{convert|44,504|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | {{NZ population data 2018|Canterbury region|y}} | {{convert|{{decimals|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Canterbury region|y}}|R}}/44504}}|2}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | <code>NZ-CAN</code> |- | align="center" | 15 | [[Otago]]<br />{{lang|mi|Ōtākou}} | [[Otago Regional Council]] | 12 | [[Dunedin]] | South | {{convert|31,186|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | {{NZ population data 2018|Otago region|y}} | {{convert|{{decimals|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Otago region|y}}|R}}/31186}}|2}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | <code>NZ-OTA</code> |- | align="center" | 16 | [[Southland Region|Southland]]<br />{{lang|mi|Murihiku}} | [[Southland Regional Council]] | 12 | [[Invercargill]] | South | {{convert|31,196|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | {{NZ population data 2018|Southland region|y}} | {{convert|{{decimals|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Southland region|y}}|R}}/31196}}|2}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} | align="right" | <code>NZ-STL</code> |- |} '''Notes''' {{notelist|group=NZReg}} === Areas outside regional boundaries === [[File:NZ Regional Councils and Territorial Authorities 2017.svg|thumb|right|550x550px|alt=A map of New Zealand showing regional and district boundaries|Regions (indicated by colour) displayed over territorial authorities]] Some outlying islands are not included within regional boundaries. The [[Chatham Islands]] is not in a region, although [[Chatham Islands Council|its council]] has some of the powers of a regional council under the [[Resource Management Act 1991]]. The [[Kermadec Islands|Kermadecs]] and the [[New Zealand Subantarctic Islands|subantarctic islands]] are inhabited only by a small number of [[Department of Conservation (New Zealand)|Department of Conservation]] staff and there is no regional council for these islands.<ref>{{cite web|title=NZ Outlying Islands Regional Information & Travel Information|url=http://www.tourism.net.nz/new-zealand/about-new-zealand/regions/nz-outlying-islands/regional-information.html|website=www.tourism.net.nz|publisher=New Zealand Tourism Guide|access-date=23 August 2017|language=en}}</ref> ===Governance=== Regional councils are popularly elected every three years in accordance with the Local Electoral Act 2001.<ref>Local Government Act 2002, s41(1)(a), Parliament of New Zealand</ref> Councils may use a [[first-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post]] or [[single transferable vote]] system. The chairperson is selected by the elected council members.<ref>Local Government Act 2002, s41(1)(b), Parliament of New Zealand.</ref> ===Finances=== Regional councils are funded through [[rates (tax)|property rates]], [[subsidy|subsidies]] from central government, income from trading, and user charges for certain public services. Councils set their own levels of rates,<ref name="LGRA">{{cite web|title=Local Government (Rating) Act 2002 |url= http://www.localcouncils.govt.nz/lgip.nsf/wpg_url/Policy-Local-Government-Legislation-Local-Government-(Rating)-Act-2002 |website=localcouncils.govt.nz |publisher=Department of Internal Affairs|access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref> though the mechanism for collecting it usually involves channelling through the territorial authority collection system. == Regional chairs == {| class="wikitable" |+List of current regional chairs !Region ! colspan="2" |Chair !Affiliation !Elected |- |Northland | |Penny Smart |Independent | |- |Waikato | |Pamela Storey |Independent | |- |Bay of Plenty | |Doug Leeder |Independent | |- |Hawke's Bay | |Hinewai Ormsby |Independent | |- |Taranaki | |Charlotte Littlewood |Independent | |- |Manawatū-Whanganui | |Rachel Keedwell |Independent | |- |Greater Wellington |[[File:Daran Ponter 2022 (cropped).jpg|100x100px]] |[[Daran Ponter]] |[[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour]] | |- |West Coast | |Peter Haddock |Independent | |- |Canterbury | |[[Craig Pauling]] |Independent | |- |Otago | |Gretchen Robertson |Independent | |- |Southland | |Nicol Horrell |Independent | |} ==Predecessors of current structure== ===Auckland=== The Auckland Regional Council (now the [[Auckland Council]]) was preceded by the [[Auckland Regional Council#Auckland Regional Authority, 1963–1989|Auckland Regional Authority]] (ARA), which existed from 1963 to 1989.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Auckland Regional Authority, 1988 |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/35393/auckland-regional-authority-1988 |encyclopedia=Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand |access-date=4 April 2020 |language=en-NZ}}</ref> ===Wellington=== The Wellington Regional Council was first formed in 1980 from a merger of the Wellington Regional Planning Authority and the Wellington Regional Water Board.<ref>{{cite book |title=Parks Network Plan |url= http://www.gw.govt.nz/assets/Parks-and-Recreation/Parks-Network-Strategy/Whole-Document.pdf |date=2011 |publisher=Greater Wellington Regional Council |page=10 |access-date=3 May 2014}}</ref> ===United councils=== In 1978, legislation was passed enabling the formation of regions that had ''united councils''. Twenty regions were designated, excluding the Auckland and Wellington areas. For most of the country this was the first time there had been a regional level of government since the abolition of [[Provinces of New Zealand|provinces]] in 1876. Councillors were not elected directly – they were appointed from the various territorial local authorities (TLAs) within the region. The only responsibilities mandated by the legislation were coordination of [[civil defense|civil defence]] and development of a regional plan, although the constituent TLAs could agree on additional responsibilities at the point of formation of each united council. For example, in a number of cases the united council took responsibility for the allocation of revenue from regional petrol taxes. The united councils were based in the facilities of the largest TLA in the region and largely dependent on the TLAs for resources. They were allowed to levy rates but in most cases had minimal operating budgets (below $100,000 per annum). The notable exception was Canterbury, where the united council had a number of responsibilities. Only one united council undertook any direct operational activity – a forestry project in Wanganui.<ref name="bush" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ List of united councils ! Region ! When formed ! Levy rates (1982/83) |- |Northland||January 1980||$118,000 |- |Thames Valley||July 1980||$46,000 |- |Waikato||October 1980||$36,000 |- |Bay of Plenty||August 1979||$17,000 |- |Tongariro||November 1979||$50,000 |- |East Cape||August 1979||$16,000 |- |Hawke's Bay||December 1983||– |- |Taranaki||February 1979||$60,000 |- |Wanganui||May 1979||$81,000 |- |Wairarapa||November 1978||$33,000 |- |Manawatu||May 1981||0 |- |Horowhenua||June 1980||$47,000 |- |Nelson Bays||November 1978||$84,000 |- |Marlborough||December 1978||$30,000 |- |Canterbury||May 1979||$605,000 |- |West Coast||November 1978||$32,000 |- |Aorangi||1983|| – |- |Coastal / North Otago||April 1983|| – |- |Clutha / Central Otago ||November 1980||$33,000 |- |Southland||May 1979||$88,000 |- |} Source: ''Summary of the Functions and Activities of United Councils''. Dept of Internal Affairs, 1984. ==See also== *[[List of regions of New Zealand by Human Development Index]] *[[Local Government New Zealand]] *[[Provinces of New Zealand]] ==References== {{reflist}} <!-- ==External links== --> {{Regions of New Zealand|state=expanded}} {{Administrative divisions of New Zealand}} {{Articles on first-level administrative divisions of Oceanian countries}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Regions of New Zealand}} [[Category:Regions of New Zealand| ]] [[Category:Lists of subdivisions of New Zealand]] [[Category:Administrative divisions in Oceania|New Zealand 1]] [[Category:First-level administrative divisions by country|Regions, New Zealand]]
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