Editing Redbird, Oklahoma

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Redbird, Oklahoma
|settlement_type          = [[Town]]
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    =

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|imagesize                = 
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|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               =

<!-- Maps -->
|image_map                = OKMap-doton-Redbird.PNG
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location of Redbird, Oklahoma
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             =

<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Oklahoma]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Oklahoma|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Wagoner County, Oklahoma|Wagoner]]

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|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = 
|leader_name              = 
|leader_title1            = 
|leader_name1             = 
|established_title        = 
|established_date         =

<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref  = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=September 20, 2022}}</ref>
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_km2           = 2.17
|area_land_km2            = 2.17
|area_water_km2           = 0.00
|area_total_sq_mi         = 0.84
|area_land_sq_mi          = 0.84
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00

<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     = 
|population_total         = 89
|population_density_km2   = 41.06
|population_density_sq_mi = 106.33

<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
|utc_offset               = -6
|timezone_DST             = CDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -5
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|coordinates              = {{coord|35|53|19|N|95|35|18|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 74458
|area_code                = [[area codes 539 and 918|539/918]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 40-62200<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
|blank1_name              = 
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}}
'''Redbird''' is a town in [[Wagoner County, Oklahoma|Wagoner County]], [[Oklahoma]], United States. The population was 137 at the 2010 census, a 10.5 percent decline from the figure of 153 in [[2000 United States Census|2000]].<ref>CensusViewer: Population of the City of Redbird (corporate name for Red Bird), Oklahoma. [http://censusviewer.com/city/OK/Redbird%20%28corporate%20name%20for%20Red%20Bird%29]</ref> Founded at the turn of the 20th century, it was one of more than fifty all-black towns in Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory and is one of thirteen surviving black communities in Oklahoma.<ref name="EOHC-RedBird">{{cite web|url=https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=RE014 | title= Red Bird| publisher= O'Dell, Larry. Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture| accessdate=February 29, 2020}}</ref>

==History==
Redbird, also called Red Bird,<ref name="TulsaWorld">{{cite web|url=https://www.tulsaworld.com/news/state-and-regional/after-decades-of-decline-historic-black-town-headed-in-a/article_f4572b04-a480-5139-80f6-8a323d8a9809.html | title= After decades of decline, historic black town 'headed in a good direction'| publisher= Michael Overall, Tulsa World, February 29, 2020| accessdate=February 29, 2020}}</ref> originated with the settlement by the family of E. L. Barber, who founded the First Baptist Church in 1889. Other families soon [[Land Run of 1889|moved into the area]]. By 1902, Red Bird had obtained a post office.<ref name ="TulsaWorld" /> More than 600 people showed up at the official opening of Red Bird on August 10, 1907.<ref name="EOHC-RedBird"/>

The town advertised in newspapers all across the South to encourage black families to relocate there.<ref name ="TulsaWorld" /> Redbird's population attained a peak of 336 in 1920. Declining cotton prices caused residents to move away, even before the [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]].<ref name ="TulsaWorld" /> It rebounded after [[World War II]], and at one point had seven churches, a couple of general stores, eight [[juke joint]]s, and a gas station.<ref name ="TulsaWorld" />

[[Urbanization]] in later years lost the town population again,<ref name ="TulsaWorld" /> and the post office closed; however, the town is experiencing something of a rebirth as families buy homes in the area to enjoy a low crime rate and a quieter pace of life.<ref name ="TulsaWorld" />

==Geography==
Redbird is located at {{coord|35|53|19|N|95|35|18|W|type:city}} (35.888676, -95.588211).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|0.8|sqmi|km2}}, all land.

== ''Lane v. Wilson'' ==
{{Main|Lane v. Wilson}}
I.W. Lane was denied the ability to vote in 1934, after becoming a resident of Redbird, Oklahoma in 1908.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lane v. Wilson (1939) {{!}} The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture |url=https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=LA018 |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Oklahoma Historical Society {{!}} OHS |language=en-us}}</ref> In the case ''Lane v. Wilson'', the United States Supreme Court found a 12-day one-time voter registration window to be discriminatory for black citizens and repugnant to the Fifteenth Amendment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lane v. Wilson, 307 U.S. 268 (1939) |url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/307/268/ |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1920= 336
|1930= 218
|1940= 393
|1950= 411
|1960= 310
|1970= 230
|1980= 199
|1990= 166
|2000= 153
|2010= 137
|2020= 89
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Redbird town, Oklahoma – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Redbird town, Oklahoma |url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US4062200&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|website=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date= }}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Redbird town, Oklahoma |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US4062200&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date= }}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Redbird town, Oklahoma |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US4062200&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date= }}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|5
|21
|style='background: #ffffe6; |21
|3.27%
|15.33%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |23.60%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|134
|93
|style='background: #ffffe6; |41
|87.58%
|67.88%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |46.07%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|9
|2
|style='background: #ffffe6; |5
|5.88%
|1.46%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |5.62%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|0
|0
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0
|0.00%
|0.00%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.00%
|-
|[[Native Hawaiian]] or [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|0
|1
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0
|0.00%
|0.73%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.00%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|0
|0
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1
|0.00%
|0.00%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1.12%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|2
|12
|style='background: #ffffe6; |15
|1.31%
|8.76%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |16.85%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|3
|8
|style='background: #ffffe6; |6
|1.96%
|5.84%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |6.74%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''153'''
|'''137'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''89'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000,{{update after|2012|8|20}} there were 153 people, 64 households, and 33 families residing in the town. The population density was {{convert|185.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 76 housing units at an average density of {{convert|91.9|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the town was 87.58% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 5.88% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 4.58% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.65% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.31% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.96% of the population.

There were 64 households, out of which 32.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 23.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 18.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.9% were non-families. 39.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.26.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 33.3% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 21.6% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 72.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $15,139, and the median income for a family was $30,625. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $25,833 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $8,944. About 27.3% of families and 36.6% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 44.6% of those under the age of eighteen and 43.5% of those 65 or over.

==Education==
Redbird residents are assigned to schools in the [[Porter Consolidated Schools]].<ref>"[http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/sch_dist/st40_ok/c40145_wagoner/DC10SD_C40145_001.pdf SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP (2010 CENSUS): Wagoner County, OK]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20160128171815/http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/sch_dist/st40_ok/c40145_wagoner/DC10SD_C40145_001.pdf Archive]). [[U.S. Census Bureau]]. Retrieved on September 11, 2015.</ref> The students travel {{convert|5|mi|km}} to the nearest schools since Porter Consolidated does not operate any schools in Redbird. Redbird was previously served by [[Red Bird Public Schools]].<ref>"[http://www.redbirdok.org/ Welcome to  Red Bird, Oklahoma]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150512180430/http://www.redbirdok.org/ Archive]). Town of Redbird. Retrieved on September 11, 2015.</ref>

==See also==
* [[Boley, Oklahoma|Boley]], [[Brooksville, Oklahoma|Brooksville]], [[Clearview, Oklahoma|Clearview]], [[Grayson, Oklahoma|Grayson]], [[Langston, Oklahoma|Langston]], [[Lima, Oklahoma|Lima]], [[Rentiesville, Oklahoma|Rentiesville]], [[Summit, Oklahoma|Summit]], [[Taft, Oklahoma|Taft]], [[Tatums, Oklahoma|Tatums]], [[Tullahassee, Oklahoma|Tullahassee]], and [[Vernon, Oklahoma|Vernon]], other "All-Black" settlements that were part of the [[Land Run of 1889]].<ref name="eohc">{{cite web|url=https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=AL009
| title= All-Black Towns| publisher= O'Dell, Larry. Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture| accessdate=February 29, 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=AL009 All-Black Towns of Oklahoma]

{{Wagoner County, Oklahoma}}
{{NRHP in Wagoner County}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Towns in Wagoner County, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Towns in Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Muscogee (Creek) Nation]]
[[Category:Populated places in Oklahoma established by African Americans]]
[[Category:Indian Territory]]