Editing Ravenstein, Netherlands

{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Ravenstein
| settlement_type         = [[City]]
| other_name              = <!-- if different from name -->
| native_name             = <!-- if different from name -->
| native_name_lang        = nl
| image_skyline           = Ravenstein, windmolen de Nijverheid RM32362 foto4 2016-04-20 11.18.jpg
| image_alt               =
| image_caption           = View on Ravenstein
| image_flag              = File:Vlag Ravenstein.png
| image_shield            = File:Wapenravenstein.png
| nickname                =
| motto                   =
| image_map               = 
| map_caption             =
| image_map1              = 
| map_caption1            = 
| pushpin_map             = Netherlands North Brabant#Netherlands
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_mapsize         = 250
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in the province of North Brabant in the Netherlands
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Netherlands]]
| subdivision_type1       = Province
| subdivision_name1       = [[North Brabant]]
| subdivision_type2       = Municipality
| subdivision_name2       = [[Oss]]
| elevation_footnotes     = <ref name="AHN">{{cite web |url = http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool |title = Postcodetool for 5371AA |language = nl |work = Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland |date = 24 July 2019 |publisher = Het Waterschapshuis |access-date = 18 April 2022 }}</ref>
| elevation_m             = 11
| elevation_min_m         =
| elevation_max_m         =
| area_footnotes          = <ref name="stat"/>
| area_total_km2          = 5.30
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| population_footnotes    = <ref name="stat">{{cite web |url=https://www.cbs.nl/-/media/_excel/2021/48/kwb-2021.xls |title=Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2021 |website=Central Bureau of Statistics |access-date=18 April 2022}}</ref>
| population_total        = 3,410
| population_as_of        = 2021
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         =
| population_density_km2  = auto
| timezone                = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset              = +1
| timezone_DST            = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST          = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[List of postal codes in the Netherlands|Postal code]]
| postal_code             = 5358 & 5371<ref name="stat"/>
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in the Netherlands|Dialing code]]
| area_code               = 0486
| coordinates             = {{Coord|51|47|49.28|N|5|39|5.68|E| region:NL_type:city|display=inline, title}}
}}

'''Ravenstein''' is a city and a former municipality in the south of the [[Netherlands]], in the province of [[North Brabant]]. The former municipality covered an area of 42.68&nbsp;km² (of which 0.96&nbsp;km² water). In 2003 it was incorporated into the city of [[Oss]].

Ravenstein was founded by Walraven van Valkenburg. It received city rights in 1380. From 1631 until 1796, Ravenstein and the surrounding area were part of the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Neuburg]] and was a Catholic enclave within the [[Dutch Republic]].

== Land van Ravenstein ==
In 1360, Ravenstein became part of the {{ill|Land van Ravenstein|nl}}, and received [[City rights in the Low Countries|city rights]] in 1380. [[Philip of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein]] died in 1528 without successors, and the land became part of the [[Duchy of Cleves]]. In 1609, it became part of the [[Margraviate of Brandenburg]] who sold the [[Dutch Republic]] the right to fortify Ravenstein and maintain troops in the city.<ref name="vesting"/> In 1631, it changed hands to the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Neuburg]], and became a Catholic enclave within the [[Dutch Republic]].<ref name="cat">{{cite book|url=https://dbnl.org/tekst/rogi002gesc01_01/rogi002gesc01_01_0012.php?q=Land%20van%20Ravenstein%20Velp#hl2 |title=Geschiedenis van het katholicisme in Noord-Nederland in de 16e en de 17e eeuw |author=L.J. Rogier|year=1947 |publisher=Urbi et orbi |location=Amsterdam |language=nl|access-date=18 April 2022 }}</ref> The Land van Ravenstein was conquered by France in 1794, and sold to the [[Batavian Republic]] (the predecessor of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) in 1800. In 1814, it became part of the province of [[North Brabant]].<ref name="vesting">{{cite web|url=http://vestingravenstein.nl/geschiedenis |title=Geschiedenis |website=Vesting Ravenstein |access-date=18 April 2022 |language=nl}}</ref>

== History ==
In 1360, Ravenstein was founded by Walraven van Valkenburg who moved his castle from [[Herpen]] to the bank of the river [[Meuse|Maas]]. In 1380, it received city rights and a wall was built around the city with three gates. The fortification were renewed between 1522 and 1526, but demolished in 1543 by order of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]]. Around 1621, the city was refortified by the [[Dutch Republic]]. In 1630, the city became part of the Duchy of [[Palatinate-Neuburg]], and a catholic enclave within the Dutch Republic. In 1635, a [[garrison]] of the Dutch Republic was stationed in Ravenstein and stayed until 1672. In 1794, Ravenstein was conquered by France and sold to the [[Batavian Republic]] in 1800. In 1818, the castle was demolished. In 1872, a railway station was built in Ravenstein and the city started to industrialise.<ref name="monument">{{cite book|url=https://dbnl.org/tekst/sten009monu02_01/sten009monu02_01_0141.php |title=Ravestein |author=Chris Kolman & Ronald Stenvert| year=1997 |publisher=Waanders |location=Zwolle |isbn=90-400-9945-6 |access-date=18 April 2022 |language=nl}}</ref>

Ravenstein was home to 875 people in 1840. It was an independent municipality until 2003 when it was merged into [[Oss]].<ref name="plaats">{{cite web|url=https://www.plaatsengids.nl/ravenstein |title=Ravenstein |website=Plaatsengids |access-date=18 April 2022 |language=nl}}</ref>

== Former municipality ==
Ravenstein also included the following towns, villages and townships: [[Demen, Netherlands|Demen]], [[Dennenburg]], [[Deursen]], [[Dieden]], [[Herpen]], [[Huisseling]], [[Keent]], [[Koolwijk, North Brabant|Koolwijk]], [[Neerlangel]], [[Neerloon]], [[Overlangel]].

[[Dieden, Demen en Langel]] was a separate municipality until 1923, when it was merged with Ravenstein.<ref>{{Repertorium Nederlandse Gemeenten}}</ref>

==Transport==
* [[Ravenstein railway station]]

Ravenstein lies directly to the A50, the highway from Eindhoven to Nijmegen. Close is Paalgraven junction, where the A59 divericates to 's-Hertogenbosch (25&nbsp;km) and the A2 (20&nbsp;km), the main road from north to south in the Netherlands.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:5371 Ravenstein, Netherlands - panoramio (50).jpg|Street in Ravenstein
File:32337 Sint Luciakerk 3.jpg|St Lucia Church
File:Ravenstein Rijksmonument 518222 Maasdijk 36.JPG|Building in Ravenstein
File:5371 Ravenstein, Netherlands - panoramio (9).jpg|Bulwark of Ravenstein
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Duchy of Cleves]], later Cleves-Jülich 
* [[War of the Jülich Succession]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.toerismeravenstein.nl Tourist information about Ravenstein]

{{Dutch municipality Oss}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:States and territories established in 1360]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1528]]
[[Category:Municipalities of the Netherlands disestablished in 2003]]
[[Category:Lordships of the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Former polities in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Former municipalities of North Brabant]]
[[Category:Populated places in North Brabant]]
[[Category:Oss]]