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{{short description|Town in Satakunta, Finland}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Rauma | official_name = {{lang|fi|Rauman kaupunki}}<br />{{lang|sv|Raumo stad}} | other_name = Raumo | settlement_type = Town | motto = ''{{lang|fi|Kyl Raum o ain Raum}}'' | image_skyline = Vanha Rauma vesitornista.jpg | image_caption = Rauma in May 2012 | image_flag = Rauma.lippu.svg | flag_size = 120x70px | image_shield = Rauma.vaakuna.svg | shield_size = 120x80px | image_map = Rauma sijainti Suomi.svg | map_caption = Location of Rauma in Finland | coordinates = {{coord|61|08|N|021|30|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Finland}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Finland|Region]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Satakunta]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Sub-regions of Finland|Sub-region]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Rauma sub-region|Rauma]] | leader_title = [[Town manager]] | leader_name = Kari Koski | established_title = [[Charter]] | established_date = 1442-04-17 | area_footnotes = {{Data Finland municipality|area_footnotes|Rauma, Finland}} | area_total_km2 = {{Data Finland municipality|area_total_km2|Rauma, Finland}} | area_land_km2 = {{Data Finland municipality|area_land_km2|Rauma, Finland}} | area_water_km2 = {{Data Finland municipality|area_water_km2|Rauma, Finland}} | area_rank = {{Data Finland municipality|area_rank|Rauma, Finland}} | population_as_of = {{Data Finland municipality|population_as_of|Rauma, Finland}} | population_footnotes = {{Data Finland municipality|population_footnotes|Rauma, Finland}} | population_total = {{Data Finland municipality|population_total|Rauma, Finland}} | population_density_km2 = {{Data Finland municipality|population_density_km2|Rauma, Finland}} | population_blank1_title = [[Demonym]] | population_blank1 = ''{{lang|fi|Raumalainen}}'' (Finnish), ''Raumlaine'' ([[Rauma dialect|Dialect]]) | population_rank = {{Data Finland municipality|population_rank|Rauma, Finland}} | demographics_type1 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics_type1|Rauma, Finland}} | demographics1_footnotes = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics1_footnotes|Rauma, Finland}} | demographics1_title1 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics1_title1|Rauma, Finland}} | demographics1_info1 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics1_info1|Rauma, Finland}} | demographics1_title2 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics1_title2|Rauma, Finland}} | demographics1_info2 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics1_info2|Rauma, Finland}} | demographics1_title3 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics1_title3|Rauma, Finland}} | demographics1_info3 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics1_info3|Rauma, Finland}} | demographics1_title4 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics1_title4|Rauma, Finland}} | demographics1_info4 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics1_info4|Rauma, Finland}} | demographics_type2 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics_type2|Rauma, Finland}} | demographics2_footnotes = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics2_footnotes|Rauma, Finland}} | demographics2_title1 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics2_title1|Rauma, Finland}} | demographics2_info1 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics2_info1|Rauma, Finland}} | demographics2_title2 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics2_title2|Rauma, Finland}} | demographics2_info2 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics2_info2|Rauma, Finland}} | demographics2_title3 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics2_title3|Rauma, Finland}} | demographics2_info3 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics2_info3|Rauma, Finland}} | blank_name = {{Data Finland municipality|blank_name|Rauma, Finland}} | blank_info = {{Data Finland municipality|blank_info|Rauma, Finland}} | blank3_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] | blank3_info = [[Humid continental climate#Mild/cool summer subtype|Dfb]] | timezone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]] | utc_offset = +02:00 | timezone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +03:00 | website = {{Url|https://www.rauma.fi/en/}} | footnotes = {{designation list | embed=yes | designation1 = WHS | designation1_offname = Old Rauma | designation1_date = 1991 | designation1_type = Cultural | designation1_criteria = iv, v | designation1_number = [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/582 582] }} }} '''Rauma''' ({{IPA|fi|ˈrɑu̯mɑ|lang}}; {{langx|sv|Raumo}}) is a [[town]] in [[Finland]], on the western coast of the country. Rauma is in the [[Satakunta]] region, by the [[Gulf of Bothnia]]. The population of Rauma is approximately {{formatnum:{{#expr:{{Data Finland municipality/population count|{{PAGENAME}}}}round -3}}}}, while the [[Rauma sub-region|sub-region]] has a population of approximately {{formatnum: {{#expr: {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Eura}} + {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Eurajoki}} + {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Rauma}} + {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Säkylä}}round -3}}}}. It is the {{ordinal|{{Data Finland municipality/population count sequence|{{PAGENAME}}}}}} most populous [[Municipalities of Finland|municipality]] in Finland. Rauma lies {{convert|92|km}} north of [[Turku]] and {{convert|50|km}} south of [[Pori]]. Its neighbouring municipalities are [[Eura]], [[Eurajoki]], [[Laitila]] and [[Pyhäranta]]. Granted town privileges on 17 April 1442 (then under the rule of [[Sweden]]), Rauma is known for its [[Pulp and paper industry|paper]] and maritime industry, high quality [[lace]] (since the 18th century) and the old wooden [[architecture]] of the city centre ([[Old Rauma]], Vanha Rauma), which is a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]].<ref name = "unesco">{{cite web |url = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/582 |title = Old Rauma |website = UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher = United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization |access-date = 25 September 2021}}</ref> ==History== In the 14th century, before it was declared a town, Rauma had a [[Franciscan]] [[monastery]] and a [[Catholic]] church. In 1550, the townsmen of Rauma were [[History of Helsinki|ordered to relocate]] to [[Helsinki]], but this was unsuccessful and Rauma continued to grow. [[File:Raumo - Johan Knutson - Finland framställdt i teckningar - 22.jpg|thumb|left|Illustration in ''[[Finland framstäldt i teckningar]]'', edited by [[Zacharias Topelius]] and published 1845–1852.]] Practically the whole wooden part of the town of Rauma was devastated in the fires of 1640 and 1682. The city centre, which mostly comprised the entire town until 1809, has approximately 600 wooden buildings. The [[Neo-Renaissance]] style of many of the houses is a result of prosperity brought on by seafaring. In 1897 Rauma had the largest fleet of sailing ships in Finland, totalling 57 vessels. Goods were mainly exported to [[Germany]], [[Stockholm]] and the [[Baltic states]]. As the [[Crimean War]] broke out in 1853, Rauma was attacked by [[French Navy|French]] and [[British navy]] in 1855 during the [[Åland War]]. In the 1890s, Rauma got a teacher's college (a 'seminar'), which was later annexed to the [[University of Turku]]. A part of the department of education still exists in Rauma. The name ''Rauma'' comes from the [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] word ''strauma'', meaning "stream".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.katajala.net/keskiaika/suomi/kaupungit.html |title=Keskiaika - Suomen kaupungit keskiajalla |access-date=2011-09-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308053256/http://www.katajala.net/keskiaika/suomi/kaupungit.html |archive-date=2016-03-08 }}</ref> ==Geography== ===Neighbourhoods and suburbs=== Part of the centre (''Vanha Rauma'', [[Old Rauma]]) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, due to its well-preserve old wooden architecture. Neighborhoods and suburbs of Rauma include: {{Div col|colwidth=15em}} * [[Tarvonsaari]] * [[Merirauma]] * [[Uusi-Lahti]] * [[Kappelinluhta]] * [[Paloahde]] * [[Haapasaari, Rauma|Haapasaari]] * [[Syvärauma]] * [[Kinno, Rauma|Kinno]] * [[Kaaro]] * [[Luostarinkylä]] * [[Impivaara]] * [[Äyhö]] * [[Uotila]] * [[Lajo, Rauma|Lajo]] * [[Nikulanmäki]] * [[Lensunkallio]] * [[Nummi, Rauma|Nummi]] * [[Pyynpää]] * [[Otanlahti]] * [[Pidesluoto]] * [[Komppi]] * [[Lonsi]] * [[Polari, Rauma|Polari]] * [[Sampaanala]] * [[Paroalho]] * [[Kourujärvi]] * [[Kortela]] * [[Monna]] * [[Kourujärvi]] * [[Kodisjoki]] * [[Lappi, Finland|Lappi]] {{Div col end}} ===Climate=== Rauma has a humid continental climate with cold winters and warm summers. The marine affect from the Gulf of Bothnia brings both warmth in the winter and cooler temperatures in the summer. And similar to other coastal cities of Finland in the south, the average annual temperature in Rauma is about 6 °C (42.8 °F). On February 3 1966, the lowest ever recorded temperature in central Rauma hit -33.6 °C (-28.5 °F), and the highest temperature record being around 33 °C (91.4 °F) with no clear data, due to the weather station's data having been taken into use only in late 2010's. ==Economy== After [[World War II]], Rauma developed into an industrial city, the main industries being [[shipbuilding]], [[paper]] and [[wood pulp|pulp]] mills, and metal industry. Rauma is also the fifth largest [[harbor|port]] in Finland with almost six million tonnes of shipping per year. [[Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant]] is located next to Rauma, in [[Eurajoki]]. Near Rauma, there is the static-inverter plant of [[Fenno-Skan]]. In 2019 the biggest tax payers in Rauma were [[Raumaster]], [[Forchem]], Länsi-Suomen [[Osuuspankki]], [[Oras (company)|Oras]], [[Alfa Laval]] Aalborg and [[LähiTapiola]] Lännen.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-04|title=Rauman seudulla paljon suuria yhteisöveron maksajia: Raumaster, Forchem, Osuuspankki, Oras ja niin edelleen|url=https://ls24.fi/uutiset/rauman-seudulla-paljon-suuria-yhteisoveron-maksajia-raumaster-forchem-osuuspankki-oras-ja-niin-edelleen|access-date=2021-05-27|website=LS24|language=fi}}</ref> ==Demographics== ===Population=== The city of Rauma has {{formatnum: {{Data Finland municipality/population count|{{PAGENAME}}}}}} inhabitants, making it the {{ordinal|{{Data Finland municipality/population count sequence|{{PAGENAME}}}}}} most populous municipality in Finland. The [[Rauma sub-region|Rauma region]] has {{formatnum: {{#expr: {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Eura}} + {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Eurajoki}} + {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Rauma}} + {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Säkylä}}}}}} inhabitants. {{Bar chart | title = Population size of Rauma 1980–2020<ref name="Stat-finland-population-38,000-persons">{{Cite web | url=https://stat.fi/en/publication/cl8lprraorrr20dut5a0tywm5 | title=Number of foreign-language speakers grew by nearly 38,000 persons | date=31 May 2023 | publisher=Statistics Finland | access-date=12 September 2023 | language=en }}</ref> | label_type = Year | data_type = Population | bar_width = 47 | width_units = em | label3 = 1980 | label4 = 1985 | label5 = 1990 | label6 = 1995 | label7 = 2000 | label8 = 2005 | label9 = 2010 | label10 = 2015 | label11 = 2020 | data_max = 44000 | data3 = 42973 | data4 = 43564 | data5 = 42410 | data6 = 42089 | data7 = 41001 | data8 = 40381 | data9 = 39715 | data10 = 39809 | data11 = 39040 }} === Languages === {{Pie chart |thumb = left |direction=row |caption = Population by<br/>mother tongue (2024)<ref name="statistics-finland-population-2024-final">{{cite web |url= https://stat.fi/en/publication/cm1jg8tr20lco07vwvoif9s6i |title= Number of foreign-language speakers exceeded 600,000 during 2024 |date= 2025-04-04 |series= Population structure |publisher= Statistics Finland |issn= 1797-5395 |access-date=2025-04-14 }}</ref> |label1 = Finnish |value1 = 90.3 |color1 = #002F6C |label2 = Russian |value2 = 0.9 |color2 = #D52B1E |label3 = Polish |value3 = 0.8 |color3 = #FFFFFF |label4 = Ukrainian |value4 = 0.8 |color4 = #0057B8 |label5 = Estonian |value5 = 0.6 |color5 = #0072CE |label6 = Romania |value6 = 0.6 |color6 = #ffdb00 |label7 = English |value7 = 0.4 |color7 = #FFFFFF |label8 = Other |value8 = 5.6 |color8 = #C5C5C5 }} Rauma is a monolingual [[Finnish language|Finnish-speaking]] municipality. {{As of|2024}}, the majority of the population, {{formatnum: {{Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish|{{PAGENAME}}}}}} persons ({{Percentage|{{Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish|{{PAGENAME}}}}|{{Data Finland municipality/native language total|{{PAGENAME}}}}|1}}), spoke Finnish as their first language. In addition, the number of [[Swedish-speaking population of Finland|Swedish speakers]] was {{formatnum: {{Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish|{{PAGENAME}} }}}} persons ({{Percentage|{{Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish|{{PAGENAME}}}}|{{Data Finland municipality/native language total|{{PAGENAME}}}}|1}}) of the population. Foreign languages were spoken by {{Formatnum: {{Percentage|{{Data Finland municipality/native language other|{{PAGENAME}}}}|{{Data Finland municipality/native language total|{{PAGENAME}}}}|1}}}} of the population.<ref name="statistics-finland-population-2024-final"/> As [[English language|English]] and [[Swedish language|Swedish]] are compulsory school subjects, functional bilingualism or trilingualism acquired through language studies is not uncommon. At least 30 different languages are spoken in Rauma. The most common foreign languages are [[Russian language|Russian]] (0.9%), [[Polish language|Polish]] (0.9%), [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] (0.8%) and [[Estonian language|Estonian]] (0.6%).<ref name="statistics-finland-population-2024-final"/> === Immigration === {|class="wikitable" style="float:right;" |+ Population by country of birth (2024)<ref name="statistics-finland-population-2024-final"/> |- ! Nationality || Population || % |- |{{flag|Finland}} || 35,300 || 90.6 |- |{{flag|Soviet Union}} || 396 || 1.0 |- |{{flag|Poland}} || 257 || 0.7 |- |{{flag|Estonia}} || 257 || 0.7 |- |{{flag|Sweden}} || 179 || 0.5 |- |{{flag|Romania}} || 171 || 0.4 |- |{{flag|Ukraine}} || 167 || 0.4 |- |{{flag|Philippines}} || 156 || 0.4 |- |{{flag|China}} || 149 || 0.4 |- |{{flag|India}} || 147 || 0.4 |- |{{flag|Latvia}} || 113 || 0.3 |- |Other || 1,676 || 4.3 |- |} {{As of|2024}}, there were 3,725 persons with a foreign background living in Rauma, or 9% of the population.{{refn|Statistics Finland classifies a person as having a "foreign background" if both parents or the only known parent were born abroad.<ref name="statistics-finland-persons-with-foreign-background">{{cite web |access-date=18 September 2023 |title=Persons with foreign background |publisher=Statistics Finland | url=https://www.stat.fi/tup/maahanmuutto/maahanmuuttajat-vaestossa/ulkomaalaistaustaiset_en.html}}</ref>|group=note}} The number of residents who were born abroad was 3,668, or 9% of the population. The number of persons with foreign citizenship living in Rauma was 3,182.<ref name="statistics-finland-population-2024-final"/> The relative share of immigrants in Rauma's population is below the national average. However, the city's new residents are increasingly of foreign origin. This will increase the proportion of foreign residents in the coming years. ==Transport== [[File:Port of Rauma panorama.jpg|thumb|left|Sunset at the port of Rauma]] Rauma is located between Turku and Pori by the national road 8 ([[European route E8|E8]]). [[Highways in Finland|Finnish national road 12]] starts from Rauma and it was extended to the [[Port of Rauma]] in 2008. A railway connection from Kokemäki is in active freight use, as there is a straight connection to the heavy industry areas and to the port of Rauma. The rail passenger traffic ended in 1988. Satakunnan Liikenne Oy runs the local bus traffic and it has 3 lines in Rauma.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.satakunnanliikenne.fi/aikataulut/paikallisliikenne/aikataulut |title=Local bus timetables |access-date=2009-11-04 |publisher=Satakunnan Liikenne |language=fi }}</ref> The hub for the local buses is located in Savila while the Long distance buses operate from Rauma bus station. The long distance buses take passengers directly to [[Pori]] and [[Turku]] and to [[Tampere]] and [[Helsinki]] with one transfer at [[Huittinen]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.satakunnanliikenne.fi/aikataulut/kaukoliikenne |title=Long distance bus timetables |access-date=2009-11-04 |publisher=Satakunnan Liikenne |language=fi }} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> The nearest [[Pori Airport|airport]] is located in [[Pori]]. The port of Rauma serves only freight ships on frequent basis. ==Culture== Rauma has its own [[dialect]] of [[Finnish language|Finnish]], "[[Rauma dialect|Rauman giäl]]". The dialect inherits words from languages such as [[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[English language|English]] and [[German language|German]] due to the seafaring past. The dialect has been diluted into mainstream Finnish in day-to-day use, but it is fairly well studied (mainly by [[Hj. Nortamo]]) and practised as a hobby. The town also is the birthplace of [[Raumism]], the non-idealist view of the constructed language Esperanto as a vehicle for culture, rather than as an international auxiliary language. [[Rauma Maritime Museum]] in the Rauma Nautical School building was founded in 1999.<ref>[http://www.rmm.fi/english/museum/project.htm Museum] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810102006/http://www.rmm.fi/english/museum/project.htm |date=August 10, 2011 }}</ref> ===Lace Week=== Annual Lace Week has been arranged in Rauma since year 1971. During the Lace week local craftspeople arrange small exhibitions in the [[Old Rauma]] area. The Lace week culminates to the Black Lace Night, when the small boutiques are open late night, various shows and concerts are held and people dress in black lace. ===Other events=== *Music festival RMJ, held in [[Pori]] in 2008 and 2009. *Classical music festival Festivo *Jazz-happening Rauma Summer Jazz *Creative and performing music arts festival Klustermus *Movie festival Blue Sea Film Festival *Blues festival Rauma Blues ==Sports== [[Lukko|Rauman Lukko]] is the local ice hockey team. Founded in 1936, Lukko plays in [[SM-liiga]], the top professional league in Finland. Lukko has won the Finnish championship twice, in 1963 and 2021. Their home arena is [[Äijänsuo Arena]]. Local [[Association football|football]] teams are [[Pallo-Iirot]] and [[FC Rauma]]. These two teams share the same home field at Äijänsuo sports centre. [[Sea City Storm]] is an American football team playing in the [[American Football Association of Finland|Finnish American Football Association]]'s 2nd division. [[Fera (pesäpallo)|Fera]] is a women's [[Pesäpallo|Finnish baseball]] team, whose home field is the Länsi-Suomi Arena at Otanlahti sports centre. Rauma also has an own orienteering club, Rasti-Lukko, two basketball teams known as Kaaron Roima and Rauma Basket, a [[Rink bandy|rinkball]] team called UKP and a [[floorball]] team named SalBa. ==Recreation== [[File:Rauman huvivenesatama 5.jpg|thumb|Marina in Rauma, Finland]] One popular saying goes that every family in Rauma owns a boat – this is not true, though the city has room for ca. 2,800<ref name=Venepaikkoja>[http://www.fma.fi/media/julkaisusarjat/Veneilyraportti_5_2005.pdf Finnish Maritime Administration] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406233758/http://www.fma.fi/media/julkaisusarjat/Veneilyraportti_5_2005.pdf |date=April 6, 2008 }} August 19, 2008 – Boating in Finland and its economic impacts</ref> boats at its docks. People can use their own boats or water buses to get to the [[Kylmäpihlaja Lighthouse]] that doubles as a hotel and recreation site. Water buses take people to Reksaari island and former garrison island of [[Kuuskajaskari]]. Both islands are in recreational use. ==Consolidation of municipalities== Rauma and the surrounding municipality of [[Rauman maalaiskunta]] ("rural municipality of Rauma") were consolidated in 1993, continued in 2007 with the consolidation of municipality of [[Kodisjoki]]. The municipality of [[Lappi, Finland|Lappi]] was consolidated to Rauma in 2009. <gallery> File:KirkkoRauma.jpg|Tower of the Church of The Holy Cross File:Vanharauma3.jpg|The old town hall of Rauma file:rauma_3.jpg|Street in city centre File:Fåfänga 2.jpg|Fåfänga </gallery> ==International relations== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Finland}} ===Twin towns — Sister cities=== Rauma is [[Town twinning|twinned]] with the following cities and towns:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ystävyys- ja kumppanuuskaupungit |publisher=City of Rauma |access-date=23 August 2019 |url= https://www.rauma.fi/kaupunki-ja-hallinto/tietoa-raumasta/ystavyys-ja-kumppanuuskaupungit/ |language=fi }}</ref> {|class="wikitable" |- valign="top" | *{{flagicon|NOR}} '''[[Gjøvik]]''', [[Norway]] *{{flagicon|DEN}} '''[[Næstved]]''', [[Denmark]] *{{flagicon|SWE}} '''[[Gävle Municipality]]''', [[Sweden]] || *{{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Kolpino]]''', [[Russia]] *{{flagicon|HUN}} '''[[Kaposvár]]''', [[Hungary]] |} {{Wide image|Rauma panorama.jpg|800px|Panoramic view of Rauma}} ==Notable people== *[[Sebastian Aho (ice hockey, born 1997)|Sebastian Aho]], professional ice hockey player *[[Markus Niemelä]], racing driver *[[Antti Raanta]], professional ice hockey goaltender *[[Timo Soini]], former Finnish foreign minister *[[Jorma Tommila]], actor == See also == *[[Rauma dialect]] *{{anli|Raumism}} ==Notes== {{reflist|group=note}} ==References== {{reflist}} == External links == {{Commons category|Rauma}} {{Wikivoyage|Rauma}} *[https://www.rauma.fi/en/ Town of Rauma] – Official site *[http://ls24.fi/ Länsi-Suomi] – The city's most widely read newspaper *[http://ls24.fi/raumalainen Raumalainen] – Local biweekly free newspaper (formerly Uusi Rauma), makes also a publication in local dialect once a year. *[https://radioramona.fi/ Radio Ramona] – Local radio station *[http://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehouse/cldetails?mid=99770f0f55a555bc1818027d8b83db8&prevstart=0 Rauma collection in 3D Warehouse] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219224406/http://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehouse/cldetails?mid=99770f0f55a555bc1818027d8b83db8&prevstart=0 |date=2011-12-19 }} {{Geographic location | Centre = Rauma | N = [[Eurajoki]] | E = [[Eura]] | S = [[Pyhäranta]] ([[Southwest Finland]]), [[Laitila]] ([[Southwest Finland]]) | W = ''[[Bothnian Sea]]'' }} {{Satakunta}} {{50 most populous Finnish municipalities}} {{Medieval towns of Finland}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Rauma, Finland| ]] [[Category:Cities and towns in Finland]] [[Category:Populated coastal places in Finland]] [[Category:Grand Duchy of Finland]] [[Category:Medieval Finnish towns]] [[Category:Port cities and towns in Finland]] [[Category:Port cities and towns of the Baltic Sea]] [[Category:Populated places established in the 1440s]] [[Category:1440s establishments in Europe]]
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