Editing Rapid City, South Dakota

{{Redirect|Rapid City}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Rapid City
|settlement_type          = [[City]]
|nickname                 = Gateway to the Black Hills, City of Presidents
|motto                    = 
<!-- Images --------------->
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  |image1 = Rapid_City_Skyline_(2022).jpg
  |caption1 = Downtown Rapid City
  |image2 = Journey Museum and Learning Center.jpg
  |caption2 = [[Journey Museum]]
  |image3 = Dahl Arts Center Rapid City.jpg
  |caption3 = Dahl Arts Center
  |image4 = Rapid City Public Library (2022).jpg
  |caption4 = Rapid City Public Library
  |image5 = Alex Johnson Rapid City.jpg
  |caption5 = [[Hotel Alex Johnson]]
}}
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|image_blank_emblem       = Rapid City Logo.png
|blank_emblem_type        = Logo
<!-- Maps ----------------->
|image_map                = Pennington_County_South_Dakota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Rapid_City_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location in [[Pennington County, South Dakota]]
|pushpin_map              = South Dakota#USA
|pushpin_map_caption      = Location within South Dakota##Location within the [[United States]]
|pushpin_relief           = yes
|pushpin_label            = Rapid City
<!-- Location ------------->
|subdivision_type         = Country
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[South Dakota]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in South Dakota|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Pennington County, South Dakota|Pennington]]
<!-- Government ----------->
|government_footnotes     = <ref>{{cite web|title=Rapid City Common Council |url=https://www.rcgov.org/departments/mayor-s-office-city-council/city-council.html |publisher=City of Rapid City |access-date=August 17, 2024}}</ref>
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = [[List of mayors of Rapid City, South Dakota|Mayor]]
|leader_name              = Jason Salamun
|leader_title1            = [[City Council]]
|leader_name1             = <small>Ward 1: Josh Biberdorf & Jesse Ham<br>Ward 2: Lindsey Seachris & Bill Evans<br>Ward 3: Kevin Maher & Greg Strommen<br>Ward 4: John B. Roberts & Lance Lehmann<br>Ward 5: Rod Pettigrew & Pat Roseland</small>
|established_title        = Founded
|established_date         = February 1876<ref>Hasselstrom, p. 331.</ref>
|established_title1       = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date1        = February 1883<ref>{{cite web|title=Fred E. Stearns|url=http://www.rapidcitylibrary.org/BHKN/KnowledgeNetwork/includes/bios/stearns-bio.asp|access-date=October 25, 2015|publisher=Rapid City Library|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124020429/http://www.rapidcitylibrary.org/BHKN/KnowledgeNetwork/includes/bios/stearns-bio.asp|archive-date=January 24, 2016}}</ref>
<!-- Area ----------------->
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2023">{{cite web|title=2023 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2023_Gazetteer/2023_gaz_place_46.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=August 17, 2024}}</ref>
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_km2           = 142.783
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|area_land_sq_mi          = 55.067
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.062
<!-- Population ----------->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_est           = 79404
|pop_est_as_of            = 2023
|pop_est_footnotes        = <ref name="USCensusEst2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |date=August 17, 2024|title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2023|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=August 17, 2024}}</ref>
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="2020 Census (City)">{{cite web|title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Rapid_City_city,_South_Dakota?g=160XX00US4652980 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=December 12, 2023}}</ref>
|population_total         = 74703
|population_rank          = US: 461st<br>SD: [[List of cities in South Dakota|2nd]]
|population_density_km2   = 556.7
|population_density_sq_mi = 1442
|population_urban         = 85679 (US: [[List of United States urban areas|342nd]])
|population_metro         = 155974 (US: [[Metropolitan statistical area|276th]])
|population_demonym       = Rapid Citian<ref name="rc2021">{{cite web |last1=Zimmer |first1=Eric Steven |last2=Abrahamson |first2=Eric John |last3=Maloney |first3=Brenna |title=Our History, Our Future: A Historic Context Document for Rapid City, South Dakota |url=https://www.rcgov.org/index.php?option=com_docman&view=download&alias=20778-draft-updated-rchpc-hcd-phase-iii-4-26-2021x&category_slug=historic-preservation&Itemid=149 |website=Rapid City Government |publisher=Rapid City Historic Preservation Commission |access-date=March 2, 2022 |date=April 2021}}</ref>
<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain (MST)]]
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|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_m              = 1023
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|coordinates              = {{coord|44|04|17|N|103|13|15|W|region:US-SD_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP Code]]s
|postal_code              = 57701, 57702, 57703, 57709
|area_code                = [[Area code 605|605]]
|blank_name               = [[FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 46-52980
|blank1_name              = [[GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 1267543<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|1267543}}</ref>
|blank2_name              = [[Sales tax]]
|blank2_info              = 6.2%<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.avalara.com/taxrates/en/state-rates/south-dakota/cities/rapid-city.html|title=Rapid City (SD) sales tax rate|access-date=August 17, 2024}}</ref>
|website                  = {{URL|https://www.rcgov.org/|rcgov.org}}
|footnotes                = 
}}

'''Rapid City''' is the [[county seat]] of [[Pennington County, South Dakota]], United States.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> It is the [[List of cities in South Dakota|second-most populous city]] in the state, after [[Sioux Falls]]. It is located on the eastern slope of the [[Black Hills]] in western South Dakota and was named after [[Rapid Creek (South Dakota)|Rapid Creek]], where the settlement developed. The population is 82,388 as of [[2020 United States census|2025]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapid City, South Dakota Population 2025 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/south-dakota/rapid-city |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref>

Known as the "Gateway to the Black Hills" and the "City of Presidents" because of the life-size bronze president statues downtown, Rapid City is split by a low mountain ridge that divides the city's western and eastern parts, called ‘The Gap.’ [[Ellsworth Air Force Base]] is on the city's outskirts. Camp Rapid, part of the [[South Dakota Army National Guard]], is in the city's western part.

Rapid City is home to such attractions as Art Alley, [[Dinosaur Park]], the City of Presidents walking tour, [[Chapel in the Hills]], Storybook Island, and Main Street Square. The historic "[[Old West]]" town of [[Deadwood, South Dakota|Deadwood]] is nearby. In the neighboring Black Hills are the tourist attractions of [[Mount Rushmore]], the [[Crazy Horse Memorial]], [[Custer State Park]], [[Wind Cave National Park]], [[Jewel Cave National Monument]], [[The Mammoth Site]] and the museum at the [[Black Hills Institute of Geological Research]]. To the city's east is [[Badlands National Park]].

==History==
{{more citations needed|section|date=November 2016}}
[[File:South Dakota - Rapid City - NARA - 68148938 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Rapid City in 1938]]
The public discovery of gold in 1874 by the [[Black Hills Expedition]], led by [[George Armstrong Custer]], brought a mass influx of European-American miners and settlers into Rapid City.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/blackhills/learning/history-culture/?cid=STELPRDB5115326|title=Western Frontier History|publisher=[[United States Forest Service]]|access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref> A group of unsuccessful miners founded Rapid City in 1876, trying to create other chances; they promoted their new city as the "Gateway to the Black Hills"; it was originally known as Hay Camp. The "Gateway" nickname is shared by neighboring [[Box Elder, South Dakota|Box Elder]]. In February 1876, [[John Richard Brennan]] and Samuel Scott, with a small group of men, laid out Rapid City. It was eventually named for the spring-fed [[Rapid Creek (South Dakota)|Rapid Creek]] that flows through it.

The land speculators measured off a square mile and designated the six blocks in the center as a business section. Committees were appointed to recruit prospective merchants and their families to locate in the settlement. Such merchants soon began selling supplies to miners and pioneers. The city's location on the edge of the Plains and Hills and its large river valley made it a natural hub for the railroads that were constructed in the late 1880s from both the south and east. By 1900, Rapid City had survived a boom and bust and was developing as an important regional trade center for the Upper Midwest.

The Black Hills had become popular in the late 1890s, but Rapid City became a more important destination in the 20th century. Local entrepreneurs promoted the sights, the availability of the automobile for individual transportation, and construction of improved roadways after [[World War I]] led to many more tourists to this area, including President [[Calvin Coolidge]] and the First Lady in summer 1927. Coolidge announced that he would not seek reelection in 1928 from his summer office in Rapid City. [[Gutzon Borglum]], already a noted sculptor, began work on [[Mount Rushmore]] in 1927, and his son, Lincoln Borglum, continued the work after Gutzon's death in 1941. The work was halted due to the US need to invest in buildup for its entry into [[World War II]]; the sculpture was declared complete in 1941. Although tourism had sustained the city throughout the [[Great Depression]] of the 1930s, gasoline rationing during World War II decimated such travel. But investments in the defense industry and other war-related growth stimulated the placement of new military installations in the area, bringing more businesses and residents.

In 1930, the Rapid City Chamber of Commerce sent a letter inviting [[Al Capone]] to live in the Black Hills.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Almanac of North Dakota Mysteries & Oddities, 2009-2010|last=Jackson|first=William|date=2008|publisher=Valley Star Books|isbn=9780967734989|pages=44|oclc=259419005}}</ref> South Dakota's governor did not support the idea, and Capone declined.<ref name=":0" />

[[File:6th and Main Streets, Rapid City.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Panoramic view of Sixth and Main Streets in Rapid City, 1912]]
In the 1940s Rapid City benefited greatly from the opening of Rapid City Army Air Base, later [[Ellsworth Air Force Base]], an [[United States Army Air Corps|Army Air Corps]] training base. The local population nearly doubled between 1940 and 1948, from almost 14,000 to nearly 27,000. Military families and civilian personnel soon took every available living space in town, and mobile home parks proliferated. Rapid City businesses profited from the military payroll.

During the [[Cold War]], the government constructed missile installations in the area: a series of [[Nike Air Defense]] sites were constructed around Ellsworth in the 1950s. In the early 1960s three [[Titan missile]] launch sites were constructed; these contained a total of nine Titan I missiles in Rapid City's general vicinity. Beginning in November 1963, the land for 100 miles east, northeast and northwest of the city was dotted with construction of 150 [[LGM-30 Minuteman|Minuteman]] [[missile silo]]s and 15 launch command centers. They were all deactivated in the early 1990s.<ref>{{cite web | publisher=The Brookings Institution | title =Retiring a Minuteman ICBM (LGM-30F) | work=U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project | url=http://www.brook.edu/fp/projects/nucwcost/retire.htm | access-date=October 4, 2007 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510001730/http://www.brook.edu/fp/projects/nucwcost/retire.htm | archive-date=May 10, 2007}}</ref>

In 1949, city officials envisioned the city as a retail and wholesale trade center for the region. They developed a plan for growth that focused on a civic center, more downtown parking, new schools, and paved streets. A construction boom continued into the 1950s. Growth slowed in the 1960s.

After the [[Black Hills Flood of 1972]], the worst natural disaster in South Dakota history, a building boom took place over the next decade to replace damaged structures. On June 9, 1972, heavy rains caused massive flash flooding along Rapid Creek through the city, killing 238 people and destroying more than $100 million in property.
In response to this devastation, Rapid City received an outpouring of private donations and millions of dollars in federal aid. It was able to complete a major part of its 1949 plan: clearing the area along the Rapid Creek and making the floodplain a public park. In other areas, new homes and businesses were constructed to replace those that had been destroyed. [[Rushmore Plaza Civic Center]] and a new Central High School were built in part of the area that was cleared. The high school opened in 1978, with the graduating class that year attending classes in both the original school (housed in what is now Rapid City High School and community theater) and the new one.

The rebuilding generated construction and related jobs that partly insulated Rapid City from the drop in automotive tourism caused by the 1974 [[Oil Embargo]], but tourism was depressed for most of a decade. In 1978, [[Rushmore Mall]] was built on the city's north edge, enhancing the city's status as a local retail center.

In 1980, the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] ruled in ''[[United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians]]'' that the federal government had not justly compensated the [[Sioux]] people for the [[Black Hills]] when it unilaterally broke a treaty guaranteeing the Black Hills to them. As a result, the federal government offered a financial settlement, but the Lakota Sioux declined on the principle that the theft of their land should not be validated. They still demand the return of the land. The settlement funds accrue interest.<ref>{{cite news|last=Giago|first=Tim|title=The Black Hills: A Case of Dishonest Dealings|work=The Huffington Post|date=June 3, 2007|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tim-giago/the-black-hills-a-case-o_b_50480.html|access-date=October 26, 2007}}</ref> This land includes Rapid City, by far the largest modern settlement in the Black Hills. As of 2023, the dispute has not been settled.

In the 1980s, tourism increased again as the city hosted the annual [[Sturgis Motorcycle Rally]]; another decline occurred in the late 1990s. Fears that Ellsworth AFB would be closed under the BRAC review and base closure process in the 1990s and 2000s led to attempts to expand other sectors of the economy. Growth continued and the city expanded significantly during this period.

Today, Rapid City is South Dakota's primary city for tourism and recreation. With the federal government's approval of a [[Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory]] at the [[Homestake Mine (South Dakota)|Homestake Mine]] site in nearby [[Lead, South Dakota|Lead]], Rapid City is primed for advancements in [[technology]], [[medicine]], and [[scientific]] [[research]].

===1972 Rapid Creek flood===
{{Main|1972 Black Hills flood}}
[[Image:Rapid City SD wea00703.jpg|thumb|Cars thrown together by the 1972 flood]]
On June 9–10, 1972, extremely heavy rains over the eastern [[Black Hills]] of South Dakota produced record floods on Rapid Creek and other streams in the area. Nearly {{convert|15|in|mm}} of rain fell in about six hours near [[Nemo, South Dakota|Nemo]], and more than {{convert|10|in|mm}} of rain fell over an area of {{convert|60|sqmi|km2|-1}}. According to the [[Red Cross]], the resulting peak floods (which occurred after dark) left 238 people dead and 3,057 people injured.<ref>{{cite web | title = The 1972 Black Hills-Rapid City Flood Revisited | publisher = United States Geological Survey | access-date=October 15, 2007 | url = http://sd.water.usgs.gov/projects/1972flood/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071009114711/http://sd.water.usgs.gov/projects/1972flood/ | archive-date=October 9, 2007 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Total property destruction was estimated in excess of $160 million (about $964 million in 2018 dollars), which included 1,335 homes and 5,000 automobiles that were destroyed. The flood also nearly destroyed a popular children's park: [[Story Book Island]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.keloland.com/news/local-news/storybook-island-in-rapid-city-reflects-on-the-1972-flood/ | title=Storybook Island in Rapid City reflects on the 1972 flood | date=June 6, 2022 }}</ref> The flood also destroyed a predominantely Native American neighborhood and disproportionately killed and displaced the city's Native population.<ref>Erasing Indian Country: Urban Native Space and the 1972 Rapid City Flood. Stephen R. Hausmann. Western Historical Quarterly. Autumn, 2021. Accessed: May 1, 2025. https://academic.oup.com/whq/article-abstract/52/3/305/6297544</ref>

Runoff from this storm produced record floods (highest peak flows recorded) along Battle, Spring, Rapid, and Box Elder creeks. Smaller floods also occurred along Elk and [[Bear Butte]] creeks. Canyon Lake Dam, on the west side of Rapid City, broke the night of the flood, unleashing a wall of water down the creek. The 1972 flooding has an estimated recurrence interval of 500 years,<ref>[https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/ofr/ofr96202 (Burr and Korkow, 1996)]{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> which means that a flood of this magnitude will occur on average once every 500 years. Every year there is a 0.2% chance (1 in 500) that a similar event will occur. To prevent similar damage, the city has prohibited residential and business construction on its flood plain. Today the flood plain is used for civic functions such as golf courses, parks, sports arenas, and arboretums, based mostly on the landscape and temporary use by people.

In 2007, the [[Rapid City Public Library]] created a 1972 Flood digital archive<ref>[http://www.rapidcitylibrary.org/lib_info/1972Flood/index.asp 1972 Flood digital archive] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210213624/http://www.rapidcitylibrary.org/lib_info/1972Flood/index.asp |date=February 10, 2012}}</ref> that collects survivors' stories, photos and news accounts of the flood. The Journey Museum has an interactive display on the 1972 flood; this is an ongoing project to give future generations the best idea of how the people were affected and what changes the city made as a result of the major losses of life and property. Plans include the memorialization of all those who died from the flood by the preparation of individual biographies, so they may be remembered more fully.

==Geography==
Rapid City is located in the shadow of [[Black Elk Peak]], which at {{convert|7242|ft|m|0}}, is the highest point east of the [[Rocky Mountains]].
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|55.129|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which, {{convert|55.067|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.062|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2023"/>

Rapid City is located on the eastern edge of the Black Hills, and has developed on each side of the Dakota Hogback. Rapid City's "Westside" is located in the Red Valley between the foothills of the Black Hills proper and the Dakota Hogback, so named for the red Spearfish formation soils and the way the valley completely encircles the Black Hills. Rapid City has expanded into the foothills, with developments having been built on both ridges and in valleys developed, especially in the last 20 years. This arid edge area has a higher risk of wildfire, as shown by the Westberry Trails fire in 1988.

[[File:Rapid City, South Dakota seen from Dinosaur Park.jpg|thumb|right|View of the city from [[Dinosaur Park]]]]

Skyline Drive follows the summits of the Dakota Hogback south from near Rapid Gap (where Rapid Creek cuts through the Hogback) to a large high plateau that forms the current south edge of Rapid City. The Central and Eastern portions of Rapid City lie in the wide valley of Rapid Creek outside the Hogback. It includes a number of mesas rising a hundred feet or more above the floodplain.

===Rapid Creek===
Rapid Creek flows through Rapid City, emerging from Dark Canyon above Canyon Lake and flowing in a large arc north of downtown. It descends to the southeast where the valley widens. Since the flood damage of 1972, the city has prohibited most development in the [[floodplain]] of Rapid Creek. It has adapted this green space for public uses: a series of parks, arboretums, and bike trails, which have reconnected the city to the creek for residents.

To the north, a series of ridges separate Rapid Creek from Box Elder Creek. Both older and new residential areas and commercial areas have developed here, along [[I-90 (SD)|I-90]]. To the south, the terrain rises more steeply to the southern widening of the Dakota Hogback into a plateau dividing the Rapid Creek drainage from Spring Creek.

===Climate===
[[File:Rapid City from Rapid Valley 090604.jpg|thumb|View of southern Rapid City from the east after a rainstorm, including a view of [[Black Elk Peak]] and the [[Black Hills]]]]
Rapid City has a transitional climate between a [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: BSk) and a [[Continental climate|hot-summer humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: Dwa), and is part of USDA [[Hardiness zone]] 5b.<ref>{{cite book |title=USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service }}</ref> Its location makes its climate unlike both the higher elevations of the Black Hills to the west and the Great Plains to the east. It is characterized by long arid summers and long dry winters, with short but distinct spring and autumn seasons. Precipitation averages {{convert|17.44|in|mm|1|disp=or|sp=us}} annually, but has historically ranged from {{convert|9.12|in|mm|1|disp=or|sp=us}} in 1974 to {{convert|27.70|in|mm|1|disp=or|sp=us}} in 1946.<ref name = "NOWData NWS Rapid City, SD">{{cite web |url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=unr |title = NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=October 19, 2021}}</ref><ref name = "NOAA txt">{{cite web |url= https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00024090&format=pdf |title = Station: Rapid City RGNL AP, SD |work= U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020) |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=October 19, 2021}}</ref>

Winters are cold and dry, with January being the coldest month with a daily mean temperature of {{convert|24.3|°F|1|disp=or}}<!--(max+min)/2, not max-->.<ref name = "NOWData NWS Rapid City, SD"/><ref name = "NOAA txt"/> [[Chinook wind]]s can warm temperatures above {{convert|50|°F|disp=or}}, doing so on average about 20 times from December to February.<ref name = "NOWData NWS Rapid City, SD"/><ref name = "NOAA txt"/> Temperature inversions, however, occasionally produce warmer temperatures in the Black Hills. On average, highs do not climb above freezing on 43 days, while the low temperature reaches {{convert|0|°F|1|disp=or}} on an average of 18 nights.<ref name = "NOWData NWS Rapid City, SD"/><ref name = "NOAA txt"/> Snowfall is frequent but usually not heavy; March and April are typically the snowiest months. The seasonal total averages {{convert|48.5|in|m|2|disp=or|sp=us}}, although historically ranging from {{convert|16.9|in|m|2|disp=or|sp=us}} during 1980–81 to {{convert|80.9|in|m|2|disp=or|sp=us}} during 1985–86.<ref name = "NOWData NWS Rapid City, SD"/><ref name = "NOAA txt"/> Extensive snow cover does not remain for long, with only nine days seasonally with {{convert|5|in|m|2|disp=or|sp=us}} or more on the ground.<ref name = "NOWData NWS Rapid City, SD"/><ref name = "NOAA txt"/> Measurable snow has occurred in every month except July.<ref name = "NOWData NWS Rapid City, SD"/>

Compared to locations in the east, the area warms rather gradually early in the year, with the last measurable snow typically occurring in late April and precipitation totals beginning to increase; May snow occurs several times per decade. Toward the middle of the year, storms typically develop over the Black Hills during the afternoon and move onto the plains in the evening. Only in April through June have calendar-day precipitation amounts exceeding {{convert|3|in|mm|1|disp=or|sp=us}} been observed. June 15, 1963, with {{convert|3.78|in|mm|1|disp=or|sp=us}}, holds the single-day rainfall record;<ref name = "NOWData NWS Rapid City, SD"/> the record-wettest month is May 1996 with {{convert|8.18|in|mm|1|disp=or|sp=us}}.<ref name = "NOWData NWS Rapid City, SD"/> Rapid City has an average of twenty clear to partly cloudy days<ref name=Weatherbase>{{cite web|url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=026627&refer=|title = Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Rapid City, South Dakota, United States of America|access-date = September 5, 2009}}</ref> and 67% of its possible sunshine in June.<ref name = NOAAsun/> This is the traditional "flood" season for Rapid and other creeks in the Eastern Hills. Temperatures warm rapidly as summer approaches.

Summer in Rapid City has relatively pleasant temperatures, and is relatively dry (following a wet spring), and relatively sunny. July is the warmest month of the year, having a daily mean temperature of {{convert|72.4|°F|1}}<!--(max+min)/2, not max-->.<ref name = "NOWData NWS Rapid City, SD"/><ref name = "NOAA txt"/> An average of 32 days reach {{convert|90|°F|1}}+ highs and 5 with {{convert|100|°F|1}}+ highs.<ref name = "NOWData NWS Rapid City, SD"/><ref name = "NOAA txt"/> Due to the elevation and aridity, lows rarely remain at or above {{convert|70|°F|1}} and during July and August fall to or below {{convert|50|°F|disp=or}} on an average 7.6 days.<ref name = "NOWData NWS Rapid City, SD"/> Rapid City records an average of nine thunderstorm days in August,<ref name = Weatherbase /> but only {{convert|1.56|in|mm|1|disp=or|sp=us}} of rain in that month.

Fall is a transition season: the average first freeze occurs in Rapid City on October 4 and in the Black Hills in late August through September. The Rapid City area's first snowfall is usually in October, although higher elevations sometimes receive significant snow in September. Occasional cold fronts moving through the area bring blustery northwest winds.

Sunshine is abundant in the region in all months except December, averaging 2850 hours, 64% of the possible total, per year.<ref name = NOAAsun /> 

Official extreme temperatures range from {{convert|−31|°F|0|disp=or}} on February 2, 1996, up to {{convert|111|°F|0|disp=or}} on July 15, 2006; the record low daily maximum is {{convert|−18|°F|0|disp=or}} on February 2, 1989, while the record high daily minimum is {{convert|75|°F|0|disp=or}} on July 8, 1985, and July 28, 1960.<ref name="ThreadEx">{{cite web |title=Threaded Extremes |url=http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/ |access-date=March 10, 2013 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration}}</ref> 

Rapid City had the record for an extreme temperature drop of {{convert|47|F-change|1|disp=or}}, which was achieved on January 10, 1911, from {{convert|60|°F|°C|0|disp=or}} to {{convert|13|°F|°C|0|disp=or}}.<ref name="Handy Weather Answer Book">{{cite book
  | last = Lyons
  | first = Walter A
  | title = The Handy Weather Answer Book
  | edition = 2nd
  | year = 1997
  | publisher = Visible Ink press
  | location = [[Detroit]]
  | isbn = 0-7876-1034-8
  | url = https://archive.org/details/handyweatheransw00lyon
  }}</ref> This was due to the [[Chinook wind]], but the record was lost to Spearfish, South Dakota, in 1942.<ref>{{Cite web |last=US Department of Commerce |first=NOAA |title=The Black Hills Remarkable Temperature Change of January 22, 1943 |url=https://www.weather.gov/unr/1943-01-22 |access-date=March 3, 2024 |website=www.weather.gov |language=EN-US}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = [[Rapid City Regional Airport]], South Dakota (1991−2020 normals,{{efn|Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.}} extremes 1942−present){{efn|Official temperature and precipitation records for Rapid City kept at the old municipal airport from August 1942 to October 11, 1950, and at Rapid City Regional since October 12, 1950.<ref name = ThreadEx /> Snowfall and snow depth records date to September 1, 1942, and the move to Rapid City Regional, respectively.<ref name = "NOWData NWS Rapid City, SD"/>}}
|collapsed = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 76
|Feb record high F = 75
|Mar record high F = 84
|Apr record high F = 93
|May record high F = 98
|Jun record high F = 109
|Jul record high F = 111
|Aug record high F = 107
|Sep record high F = 104
|Oct record high F = 96
|Nov record high F = 83
|Dec record high F = 75
|year record high F = 111
|Jan avg record high F = 61.3
|Feb avg record high F = 63.8
|Mar avg record high F = 74.8
|Apr avg record high F = 81.6
|May avg record high F = 87.8
|Jun avg record high F = 95.1
|Jul avg record high F = 100.7
|Aug avg record high F = 99.8
|Sep avg record high F = 96.4
|Oct avg record high F = 86.3
|Nov avg record high F = 72.3
|Dec avg record high F = 62.0
|year avg record high F = 102.8
|Jan high F = 36.0
|Feb high F = 38.1
|Mar high F = 48.2
|Apr high F = 56.6
|May high F = 66.5
|Jun high F = 77.6
|Jul high F = 86.4
|Aug high F = 85.4
|Sep high F = 76.1
|Oct high F = 60.4
|Nov high F = 47.3
|Dec high F = 37.2
|year high F = 59.6
|Jan mean F = 24.3
|Feb mean F = 26.1
|Mar mean F = 35.4
|Apr mean F = 43.9
|May mean F = 54.1
|Jun mean F = 64.6
|Jul mean F = 72.4
|Aug mean F = 70.8
|Sep mean F = 61.3
|Oct mean F = 47.1
|Nov mean F = 34.6
|Dec mean F = 25.6
|year mean F = 46.7
|Jan low F = 12.7
|Feb low F = 14.0
|Mar low F = 22.6
|Apr low F = 31.2
|May low F = 41.7
|Jun low F = 51.6
|Jul low F = 58.5
|Aug low F = 56.2
|Sep low F = 46.4
|Oct low F = 33.7
|Nov low F = 21.9
|Dec low F = 13.9
|year low F = 33.7
|Jan avg record low F = -9.6
|Feb avg record low F = -7.5
|Mar avg record low F = 1.7
|Apr avg record low F = 15.9
|May avg record low F = 27.0
|Jun avg record low F = 39.7
|Jul avg record low F = 48.2
|Aug avg record low F = 45.2
|Sep avg record low F = 31.6
|Oct avg record low F = 15.1
|Nov avg record low F = 2.0
|Dec avg record low F = -7.5
|year avg record low F = -17.2
|Jan record low F = −27
|Feb record low F = −31
|Mar record low F = −21
|Apr record low F = -1
|May record low F = 18
|Jun record low F = 31
|Jul record low F = 39
|Aug record low F = 37
|Sep record low F = 18
|Oct record low F = -7
|Nov record low F = −19
|Dec record low F = −30
|year record low F = -31
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 0.31
|Feb precipitation inch = 0.50
|Mar precipitation inch = 0.91
|Apr precipitation inch = 2.08
|May precipitation inch = 3.45
|Jun precipitation inch = 2.87
|Jul precipitation inch = 2.28
|Aug precipitation inch = 1.59
|Sep precipitation inch = 1.22
|Oct precipitation inch = 1.41
|Nov precipitation inch = 0.47
|Dec precipitation inch = 0.35
|year precipitation inch = 17.44
|Jan snow inch = 5.3
|Feb snow inch = 7.7
|Mar snow inch = 8.4
|Apr snow inch = 10.1
|May snow inch = 1.5
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.1
|Oct snow inch = 3.0
|Nov snow inch = 5.7
|Dec snow inch = 6.7
|year snow inch = 48.5
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 5.7
|Feb precipitation days = 6.6
|Mar precipitation days = 7.0
|Apr precipitation days = 10.5
|May precipitation days = 12.6
|Jun precipitation days = 12.5
|Jul precipitation days = 9.8
|Aug precipitation days = 7.9
|Sep precipitation days = 6.6
|Oct precipitation days = 7.1
|Nov precipitation days = 5.1
|Dec precipitation days = 5.0
|year precipitation days = 96.4
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 6.1
|Feb snow days = 7.1
|Mar snow days = 4.1
|Apr snow days = 4.3
|May snow days = 0.4
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.1
|Oct snow days = 1.7
|Nov snow days = 3.6
|Dec snow days = 5.4
|year snow days = 32.8
|Jan humidity = 63.5
|Feb humidity = 65.1
|Mar humidity = 63.8
|Apr humidity = 58.6
|May humidity = 60.8
|Jun humidity = 61.9
|Jul humidity = 56.2
|Aug humidity = 52.6
|Sep humidity = 53.5
|Oct humidity = 54.2
|Nov humidity = 62.2
|Dec humidity = 64.8
|year humidity = 59.8
|Jan sun = 163.5
|Feb sun = 174.0
|Mar sun = 233.9
|Apr sun = 246.9
|May sun = 274.3
|Jun sun = 310.5
|Jul sun = 335.5
|Aug sun = 323.8
|Sep sun = 261.9
|Oct sun = 226.0
|Nov sun = 156.6
|Dec sun = 149.9
|year sun = 2856.8
|Jan percentsun = 57
|Feb percentsun = 59
|Mar percentsun = 63
|Apr percentsun = 61
|May percentsun = 60
|Jun percentsun = 67
|Jul percentsun = 72
|Aug percentsun = 75
|Sep percentsun = 70
|Oct percentsun = 66
|Nov percentsun = 54
|Dec percentsun = 54
|year percentsun = 64
|source 1 = [[NOAA]] (relative humidity and sun 1961−1990)<ref name = "NOWData NWS Rapid City, SD"/><ref name = ThreadEx/><ref name = NOAAsun >{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/72662.TXT
| title = WMO Climate Normals for RAPID CITY/REGIONAL ARPT SD 1961–1990
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = October 19, 2021}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 939
|1890= 2128
|1900= 1342
|1910= 3454
|1920= 5777
|1930= 10464
|1940= 13844
|1950= 25312
|1960= 42390
|1970= 43846
|1980= 46492
|1990= 54523
|2000= 59607
|2010= 67956
|2020= 74703
|estyear=2024
|estimate=80896
|estref=<ref>{{cite web |title=Rapid City, South Dakota Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/south-dakota/rapid-city |website=World Population Review |access-date=February 8, 2025}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref><br>2020 Census<ref name="2020 Census (City)"/>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Rapid City, South Dakota – Racial Composition'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Rapid City city, South Dakota|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Rapid%20City%20city,%20South%20Dakota&t=Race%20and%20Ethnicity&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2}}</ref><br>(NH = Non-Hispanic)<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race
!Number
!Percentage
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] (NH)
|54,444
|72.9%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] (NH)
|1,080
|1.4%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] (NH)
|9,221
|12.3%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] (NH)
|1,188
|1.6%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] (NH)
|45
|0.1%
|-
|[[Some Other Race]] (NH)
|250
|0.3%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed/Multi-Racial]] (NH)
|4,513
|6.0%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]
|3,962
|5.3%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''74,703'''
|'''100.0%'''
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], there were 74,703 people, and 31,261 households, and 17,755 families residing in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=US Census Bureau, Table P16: Household Type |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Rapid%20City%20city,%20South%20Dakota%20p16&y=2020 |access-date=August 17, 2024 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> The [[population density]] was {{convert|1365.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 33,544 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 74.6% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.5% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 13.2% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.6% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.1% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.2% from [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|some other races]] and 7.8% from [[two or more races]]. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] of any race were 5.3% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How many people live in Rapid City city, South Dakota |url=https://data.usatoday.com/census/total-population/total-population-change/rapid-city-city-south-dakota/160-4652980/ |access-date=August 17, 2024 |publisher=USA Today}}</ref> 22.0% of residents were under the age of 18, 6.2% were under 5 years of age, and 20.0% were 65 and older.

===2010 census===
As of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], there were 67,956 people, 28,586 households, and 16,957 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1226.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 30,254 housing units at an average density of {{convert|546.0|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 80.4% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.1% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 12.4% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.0% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.1% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.7% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 4.1% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 4.1% of the population.

There were 28,586 households, of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.2% were [[married couples]] living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.7% were non-families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.90.

The median age in the city was 35.6 years. 23.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.7% were from 25 to 44; 25% were from 45 to 64; and 14.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.5% male and 50.5% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[2000 United States census|2000 census]], there were 59,607 people, 23,969 households, and 15,220 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,336.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 25,096 housing units at an average density of {{convert|562.8|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 84.33% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.97% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 10.14% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.0% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.06% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.73% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.77% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.77% of the population.

There were 23,969 households, out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were [[married couples]] living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.5% were non-families. 29.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.6 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $35,978, and the median income for a family was $44,818. Males had a median income of $30,985 versus $21,913 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $19,445. About 9.4% of families and 12.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 17.6% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over.

===Statistical area===
The population of the Rapid City metropolitan statistical area ([[Pennington County, South Dakota|Pennington]] and [[Meade County, South Dakota|Meade]] Counties) was 139,074 at the 2020 census. Rapid City is also included in the [[Rapid City, South Dakota metropolitan area|Rapid City-Spearfish combined statistical area]], which, with the addition of [[Lawrence County, South Dakota|Lawrence County]], had a 2020 census population of 164,842.

==Economy==
Rapid City's economy is diverse, but industry is a small portion. Heavy and medium industrial activities include a [[Portland cement]] plant (constructed and owned for 84 years<ref>Created by SD Constitutional Amendment, 1919.</ref> by the State of South Dakota and sold in 2003 to Grupo Cementos de Chihuahua, or GCC, a Mexican-based conglomerate); [[Black Hills Ammunition]], an ammunition and reloading supplies manufacturing company; several custom sawmills, a lime plant, a computer peripheral component manufacturing plant, and several farm and ranch equipment manufacturers. Of particular note, this city is the center for the manufacture of [[Black Hills gold jewelry]], a popular product with tourists and Westerners in general. The city is the site of the only American manufacturer of stamping machines used for the labeling of plywood and chipboard products.

Most gold mining has ceased in the Black Hills and was never conducted in or near Rapid City. Regional mining operations include for sand and gravel, as well as the raw materials for [[Lime (mineral)|lime]] and Portland cement (including chemical-grade [[limestone]], taconite iron ore, and gypsum) remains an important part of the economy.

The largest sector of the Rapid City economy is government services, including local, state, and federal. Major employers include [[Ellsworth Air Force Base]],<ref name=Economy>{{cite web | title =Rapid City: Economy | publisher =City-Data.com | url =http://www.city-data.com/us-cities/The-Midwest/Rapid-City-Economy.html | access-date=October 16, 2008 }}</ref> home of the [[28th Bomb Wing]] flying the [[B-1B]] long-range bomber; the [[Army National Guard]] based at [[Camp Rapid]] and hosting annual exercises in the Black Hills, drawing troops from five to ten states; and various federal agencies, including the [[National Park Service]], [[US Forest Service]], and [[Indian Health Service]].

Monument Health covers one of the largest geographic service areas in the United States. The health care sector employs more than 8,000 persons in the Rapid City area.<ref name=Economy/>

Tourism constitutes a major portion of the Rapid City economy,<ref name=Economy/> due to the proximity of [[Mount Rushmore]], Sturgis, home of the [[Sturgis Motorcycle Rally]]; [[Deadwood, South Dakota|Deadwood]], and other attractions in the Black Hills. This city provides most services for the Motorcycle Rally. Prepared to satisfy the Rally's demand for motel rooms, camp sites, and other services for tourists during the first week of August, Rapid City has the capacity to host other large events, such as conventions, and numerous associated tourists year-round. Various minor tourist attractions, including wildlife parks, specialty shops, caves, water parks, private museums, and other businesses are found in and near Rapid City.

Other economic sectors include financial service, insurance and investing companies. As noted, the city has a strong medical services sector, and several institutions of higher education. Rapid City is also the major market town for much of five states, drawing commerce from more than half of South Dakota, and large portions of [[North Dakota]], [[Montana]], [[Wyoming]], and the [[Nebraska Panhandle]].

The real compound annual growth rate of the [[gross domestic product]] of the [[Rapid City Metropolitan Statistical Area]] was 2.6% for 2001–2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Economic Output (GDP)|url=http://southdakotadashboard.org/economy/economic-output-gdp#0-7138-d|publisher=South Dakota Dashboard|access-date=November 14, 2014|archive-date=November 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128183557/http://southdakotadashboard.org/economy/economic-output-gdp#0-7138-d|url-status=dead}}</ref><!-- And how does that compare to similar cities? -->

==Arts and culture==
===Places of interest===
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Dinosaur Park]]
* Berlin Wall in Memorial Park
* [[The Journey Museum and Gardens]]
* [[Rushmore Mall]]
* [[Story Book Island]]
* Main Street Square<ref name="staff"/>
* [[Quarter Pounder statue]]
{{div col end}}

===Cultural resources===
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[The Journey Museum and Learning Center]]
* Museum of Geology<ref>{{cite web|title=Museum of Geology Homepage|url=http://www.sdsmt.edu/Academics/Museum-of-Geology/Home/|website=South Dakota School of Mines & Technology|access-date=March 24, 2017}}</ref>
* Dahl Arts Center<ref>{{cite web|title=Dahl Arts Center Homepage|url=http://www.thedahl.org/|website=Rapid City Arts Council|access-date=March 24, 2017}}</ref>
* Suzie Cappa Art Center<ref>{{cite web|title=Suzie Cappa Art Center Homepage|url=https://www.suziecappaart.com/|website=Suzie Cappa Art Center - Studio & Gallery|access-date=March 24, 2017}}</ref>
* [[The Monument (Rapid City, South Dakota)|The Monument]]
* Black Hills Playhouse<ref>{{cite web|title=Black Hills Playhouse Homepage|url=http://www.blackhillsplayhouse.com/|website=blackhillsplayhouse.com|access-date=March 24, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Story book Island|Storybook Island]] Theater
* Art Alley Gallery<ref>{{cite web|title=Art Alley Homepage|url=http://artalley.awardspace.com/|website=artalley.awardspace.com|access-date=March 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707200030/http://artalley.awardspace.com/|archive-date=July 7, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The Performing Arts Center of Rapid City<ref>{{cite web|title=Performing Arts Center of Rapid City Homepage|url=http://performingartsrc.org/|website=performingartsrc.org|access-date=March 24, 2017}}</ref>
* Black Hills Community Theatre<ref>{{cite web|title=Black Hills Community Theater Homepage|url=http://www.bhct.org|website=bhct.org|access-date=March 24, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Black Hills Symphony Orchestra]]
* Black Hills Chamber Orchestra
* Prairie Edge Art Gallery<ref>{{cite web|title=Prairie Edge Trading Co & Galleries Homepage|url=http://prairieedge.com/|website=prairieedge.com|access-date=March 24, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Chapel in the Hills]]
* Main Street Square<ref name="staff">{{Cite news|url=http://rapidcityjournal.com/news/main-street-square-marks-anniversary/article_e474fc6e-a861-5ed9-9278-006c98a85ed4.html|title=Main Street Square marks anniversary|last=Orlowski|first=Aaron|newspaper=Rapid City Journal|access-date=January 15, 2017}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

Rapid City has invested in public sculptures, notably "The City of Presidents" series of life-sized bronze statues depicting each former [[President of the United States]], located on street corners in the downtown area.<ref>[http://www.visitrapidcity.com/whattodo/thecityofpresidents/ visitrapidcity.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114015358/http://www.visitrapidcity.com/whattodo/thecityofpresidents/ |date=November 14, 2010 }}, ''Rapid City South Dakota Convention & Visitors Bureau'', Rapid City, 2010. Retrieved on November 15, 2010.</ref>

===Library===
[[File:Rapid City Public Library (April 2007).jpg|thumb|right|[[Rapid City Public Library]]]]

The [[Rapid City Public Library]] is a major resource for education.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rapid City Public Library Homepage|url=http://www.rcgov.org/departments/library.html|website=rcgov.org|access-date=March 24, 2017}}</ref>

==Sports==
===Active teams===
* The [[Rapid City Rush]] is a minor league ice hockey team in the [[ECHL]].
* [[American Legion Baseball]] has two teams, Post 22 and Post 320.
* The [[Expedition League]], a summer collegiate baseball league, is headquartered in Rapid City, although no teams currently play there.
* The [[Champions Indoor Football]] league [[Rapid City Marshals]] began playing in Rapid City in 2022

===Defunct teams===
* The [[Black Hills Posse]] was a professional basketball club that competed in the [[International Basketball Association]] beginning in the 1995–96 season.
* The [[Black Hills Gold]] was a professional basketball club that competed in the International Basketball Association during the 1999–2000 season.
* The [[Rapid City Flying Aces]] were an [[indoor American football|indoor football]] team that competed between 2000 and 2006 in the [[Indoor Football League (1999–2000)|Indoor Football League]], [[United Indoor Football]], and [[National Indoor Football League]], changing names from season to season.
* The [[Rapid City Thrillers]] were a professional basketball club that competed in the [[Continental Basketball Association]] beginning in the 1987–88 season through the 1996–97 season.

===Other teams and events===
* Rapid City has two public high schools who field teams that compete in the [[SDHSAA]], as well as two private schools.
* The [[South Dakota Mines Hardrockers]] field 13 total varsity sports that compete at the [[NCAA Division II]] level in the [[Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference]].
* The [[Lakota Nation Invitational]] has been held annually at the [[Rushmore Plaza Civic Center]] since 1979.

==Education==
Rapid City institutions of higher education include the [[South Dakota School of Mines and Technology]], [[Oglala Lakota College]]'s He Sapa College Center, [[Black Hills State University]] - Rapid City University Center (includes classes and degrees through five other South Dakota post-secondary Institutions), [[National American University]], [[Western Dakota Technical Institute]], Black Hills Beauty College, [[John Witherspoon College]], and several small sectarian preacher training schools.

[[Black Hills State University]] is located in nearby [[Spearfish, South Dakota|Spearfish]] and offers several classes in Rapid City. A South Dakota State University nurse training program is based in Rapid City.

In 2013, 26.6% of Rapid City residents 25 or older had earned a bachelor's degree or higher.<ref>{{cite web|title=Educational Attainment|url=http://southdakotadashboard.org/workforce/educational-attainment#0-6734-g|publisher=South Dakota Dashboard|access-date=November 14, 2014|archive-date=November 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128183448/http://southdakotadashboard.org/workforce/educational-attainment#0-6734-g|url-status=dead}}</ref> This is on par with the average [[educational attainment in the United States]]. The highest rates of educational attainment in South Dakota can be found in metropolitan areas of Rapid City and Sioux Falls.

All of the city area, except for the airport territory, is within the [[Rapid City Area Schools]] [[school district]].<ref name=USCensusBureauSDMap2020>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st46_sd/schooldistrict_maps/c46103_pennington/DC20SD_C46103.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Pennington County, SD|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|access-date=September 27, 2024}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st46_sd/schooldistrict_maps/c46103_pennington/DC20SD_C46103_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref> There are three high schools within the district: [[Rapid City Central High School]]; [[Stevens High School (South Dakota)|Stevens High School]]; and [[Rapid City High School]], which also houses the Performing Arts Center. The middle schools include East, North, South, Southwest, and West. There are 16 elementary schools within the district. These are Black Hawk, Canyon Lake, Corral Drive, General Beadle, Grandview, Horace Mann, Kibben Kuster, Knollwood Heights, Meadowbrook, Pinedale, Rapid Valley, Robbinsdale, South Canyon, South Park, Valley View, and Woodrow Wilson.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rcas.org/index.aspx|title=Rapid City Area Schools|publisher=Rapid City Area Schools|access-date=April 25, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071222224413/http://www.rcas.org/index.aspx <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=December 22, 2007}}</ref> The area containing the airport is in the [[Douglas School District 51-1]].<!--Businesses there would pay taxes to that district--><ref name=USCensusBureauSDMap2020/>

There are also various private schools in Rapid City. The city has four Christian high schools: [[St. Thomas More High School (South Dakota)|Saint Thomas More]], [[Rapid City Christian High School]], Liberty Baptist Academy, and Open Bible Christian School. Rapid City also has various private grade schools, including St. Paul's Lutheran School of the [[WELS]].<ref>{{cite web|title=St. Paul's Lutheran School & Preschool|url=http://www.stpaulsknights.org/default.asp?sec_id=1981}}</ref>

==Media==

===AM radio===
{| class="wikitable"
!align="center" colspan="6"|'''[[AM radio]] stations'''
|-
!Frequency!!Call sign!!Name!!Format!!Owner!!City of License!!Broadcast Market
|-
|580 AM||[[KZMX (AM)|KZMX]]||580 Country||[[Country music|Country]]||Mt. Rushmore Broadcasting, Inc.||Hot Springs||Rapid City
|-
|810 AM||[[KBHB]]||Five State Ranch Radio||[[Farm]]||[[HomeSlice Media Group, LLC]]||Sturgis||Rapid City
|-
|920 AM||[[KKLS (AM)|KKLS]]||The Cowboy||[[Classic Country]]||HomeSlice Media Group, LLC||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|980 AM||[[KDSJ]]||||[[Oldies]]||Goldrush Broadcasting, Inc.||Deadwood||Rapid City
|-
|1150 AM||[[KIMM (AM)|KIMM]]||Fox Sports Rapid City||[[Sports radio|Sports]]||Gunslinger Radio, Inc.||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|1340 AM||[[KTOQ]]||ESPN Rapid City||[[Sports radio|Sports]]||Haugo Broadcasting, Inc.||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|1380 AM||[[KOTA (AM)|KOTA]]||	News Radio KOTA||[[News/Talk]]||Riverfront Broadcasting||Rapid City||Rapid City
|}

===FM radio===
{|class="wikitable"
!align="center" colspan="7"|'''[[FM radio]] stations'''
|-
!Frequency!!Call sign!!Name!!Format!!Owner!!Target city/[[media market|market]]!![[City of license]]
|-
|88.3 FM||[[KLMP]]||The Light||[[Christian radio|Christian]]||Bethesda Christian Broadcasting||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|88.7 FM||[[K204FB]]||KILI-FM
||[[Community Radio]]<br /><small>[[KILI-FM]] [[broadcast translator|translator]]</small>||Lakota Communications Inc.||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|89.3 FM||[[KBHE]]||South Dakota Public Broadcasting||[[NPR]]||SD Board of Directors for Educational Telecommunications||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|89.9 FM||[[KJRC]]||Real Presence Radio||[[Catholic Radio]]||[[Real Presence Radio]]||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|90.3 FM||[[American Family Radio|KASD]]||Bott Radio Network||[[Christian radio|Christian]]||[[Bott Radio Network]]||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|91.3 FM||[[KTEQ-FM]]||K-Tech||[[Alternative rock|Alternative]]||South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Educational Radio Council||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|91.7 FM||K218DX||CSN International||[[Christian radio|Christian]]<br /><small>[[KAWZ-FM]] [[broadcast translator|translator]]</small>||[[CSN International]]||Rapid City||Box Elder
|-
|92.3 FM||[[KQRQ-FM]]||Q92.3||[[Classic Hits]]||Riverfront Broadcasting||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|93.1 FM||[[KRCS]]||Hot 93.1||[[Top 40]]||HomeSlice Media Group, LLC||Rapid City||Sturgis
|-
|93.9 FM||[[KKMK]]||93.9 The Mix||[[Hot AC]]||HomeSlice Media Group, LLC||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|94.7 FM||[[K234BR]]||Real Presence Radio||[[Catholic Radio]]<br /><small>[[KJRC]] [[broadcast translator|Translator]]</small>||Real Presence Radio||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|95.1 FM||[[KSQY]]||K-Sky||[[Album-Oriented Rock]]||Haugo Broadcasting, Inc.||Rapid City||Deadwood
|-
|95.9 FM||[[KZZI]]||The Eagle||[[Country music|Country]]||Riverfront Broadcasting||Rapid City||Belle Fourche
|-
|96.3 FM||[[K242BK]]||The Eagle||[[Country music|Country]]<br /><small>[[KZZI]] [[Broadcast translator|Translator]]</small>||Riverfront Broadcasting||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|97.1 FM||[[KFND-LP]]||||[[Religious]]||Calvary Chapel of the Black Hills||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|97.5 FM||[[K248BT]]||Hot 93.1||[[Top 40]] <br /><small>[[KRCS]] [[Broadcast translator|Translator]]</small>||HomeSlice Media Group, LLC||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|97.9 FM||[[KVPC]]||VCY America||[[Christian radio|Christian]]||[[VCY America, Inc.]]||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|98.7 FM||[[KOUT]]||Kat Country 98.7||[[Country music|Country]]||HomeSlice Media Group, LLC||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|99.5 FM||[[KRKI-FM1]]||99-5/107-9 True Country||[[Classic Country]]<br /><small>[[KRKI|KRKI-FM]] [[Broadcast relay station|booster]]</small>||Bad Lands Broadcasting||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|100.3 FM||[[KFXS]]||100.3 The Fox||[[Classic Rock]]||HomeSlice Media Group, LLC||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|100.7 FM||[[K264CP]]||News Radio KOTA||[[News/Talk]]<br /><small>[[KOTA (AM)|KOTA-AM]] [[Broadcast relay station|Translator]]</small>||Riverfront Broadcasting||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|101.1 FM||[[KDDX]]||X-Rock||[[Active Rock]]||Riverfront Broadcasting||Rapid City||Spearfish
|-
|101.9 FM||[[KFMH-FM1]]||Kool 101.9||[[Oldies]]<br /><small>[[KFMH|KFMH-FM]] [[Broadcast relay station|booster]]</small>||Bad Lands Broadcasting||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|102.7 FM||[[KXMZ]]||Hits 102.7||[[Hot AC]]||Haugo Broadcasting, Inc.||Rapid City||Box Elder
|-
|103.5 FM||[[K278AN]]||X-Rock||[[Active Rock]]<br /><small>[[KDDX-FM]] [[broadcast translator|translator]]</small>||Riverfront Broadcasting||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|104.1 FM||[[KIQK]]||Kick 104||[[Country music|Country]]||Haugo Broadcasting, Inc.||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|104.7 FM||[[K284BA]]||The Cowboy||[[Classic Country]]<br /><small>[[KKLS (AM)|KKLS-AM]] [[Broadcast relay station|Translator]]</small>
||HomeSlice Media Group, LLC||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|105.7 FM||[[K289AI]]||ESPN Rapid City||[[Sports radio|Sports]]||Haugo Broadcasting, Inc.||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|106.3 FM||[[KZLK]]||Z106.3||1980s||Riverfront Broadcasting||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|106.7 FM||[[K294BT]]||Fox Sports Rapid City||[[Sports]]<br /><small>[[KIMM (AM)|KIMM-AM]] [[Broadcast relay station|Translator]]</small>||Black Hills Broadcasting, L.L.C.||Rapid City||Rapid City
|-
|107.1 FM||[[KSLT]]||Power 107.1||[[Christian Contemporary]]||[[Northwestern Media]]||Rapid City||Spearfish
|-
|107.9 FM||[[KXZT]]||99-5/107-9 True Country
|[[Country music|Country]]||Bad Lands Broadcasting||Rapid City||Newell
|-
|}

===Television===
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[KOTA-TV]] 3 [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], 3.2 [[Circle (TV network)|Circle]], 3.3 [[True Crime Network]] ([[ATSC]] 7), 3.4 [[GRIT TV]]
* [[KEVN-LD]] 7 [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] (ATSC 23)
* [[KBHE-TV]] 9 [[PBS]], 9.2 [[World Channel]], 9.3 [[Create (TV network)|Create]], 9.4 [[PBS Kids]] (ATSC 26)
* [[KCLO-TV]] 15 [[CBS]], 15.2 [[The CW Plus|CW]], 15.3 [[Ion Television]], 15.4 [[Court TV Mystery]] (ATSC 16)
* [[KNBN]] 21 [[NBC]], 21.2 [[MyNetworkTV/YouTube America]]
* [[KHME]] 23 [[MeTV]], 23.2 [[Heroes & Icons]], 23.3 [[Start TV]], 23.4 [[Catchy Comedy]]
* [[KRPC-LP]] 33 [[Heartland (TV network)|Heartland]], 33.2 [[Retro TV]], 33.3 [[Rev'n]], 33.4 Action Channel, 33.5 [[The Family Channel (American TV network, founded 2008)|The Family Channel]],33.6 religious, 33.7 Jewelry TV
{{div col end}}

===Print===
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* ''Black Hills Visitor Magazine'' (since 1984)<ref>{{cite web|title=Black Hills Visitor Homepage|url=http://blackhillsvisitor.com |access-date=March 24, 2017}}</ref>
* ''Black Hills Bride''
* ''Black Hills Parent''
* ''[[Rapid City Journal]]''
* ''Patriot'' (Ellsworth AFB Bulletin)
{{div col end}}

==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
====Public Transit====
Rapid City is served by [[Rapid City Rapid Ride]], which provides fixed route and demand response service to the region.

Rapid City has a municipally owned bus service, providing multiple [[bus stops]] and a headquarters in the city. It has limited city-to-city bus service along I-90. Charter bus services operate in the area, connecting Rapid City and Deadwood with cities in Colorado, Nebraska, and Iowa.

Intercity bus service to the city is provided by [[Jefferson Lines]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jeffersonlines.com/bus-stops/south-dakota/|title=South Dakota Bus Stops|access-date=July 20, 2023}}</ref>

====Roads====
{{unreferenced section|date = May 2016}}
* [[Interstate 90 in South Dakota|Interstate 90]]
* [[Interstate 190 (South Dakota)|Interstate 190]]
* [[U.S. Route 16 in South Dakota|US Highway 16]]
* [[South Dakota Highway 44]]
* [[South Dakota Highway 79]]

====Air====
[[Rapid City Regional Airport]] provides flights to the airline hub cities, and has [[general aviation]] operations, including wildfire fighting activities, and medical flight support to Rapid City medical facilities and regional Indian Health Service operations.

====Railroads====
Historically, Rapid City was primarily served by two railroads: the [[Chicago & North Western Railway]] and the [[Milwaukee Road]]. Following extensive restructuring in the industry in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the city is now served only by the [[Rapid City, Pierre and Eastern Railroad]] (RCP&E). Rapid City has no passenger train service, and was last served in 1960 by the C&NW's [[Dakota 400]], a daily train from [[Chicago]] to Rapid City via [[Rochester, Minnesota|Rochester]].

===Power===
Rapid City is located on the boundary of the Western and Eastern power grids. It is served by the hydroelectric plants of the two Mainstem dams on the Missouri River, and the large coal fields and power plants of the Powder River Basin of Wyoming. It is located where the two national power grids connect with each other, allowing switching of electrical power from east to west and vice versa. Rapid City had its own coal-fired power plant but could not afford to meet current air pollution standards and closed it. Closed for similar reasons were [[coal-fired power station]]s near [[Gillette, Wyoming]]. The Ben French power station located within city boundaries shut down September 2012, more than two years ahead of its scheduled shutdown. Rapid City now obtains much of its power from the Missouri dams and importing it from elsewhere. Following the shut down of the plants dependent on coal, electrical rates have increased. The city has had to spend more to import electricity over a longer distance.

===Water===
[[File:Officer candidates step off to final training phase 110716-A-DI382-012.jpg|thumb|[[National Guard of the United States|National Guard]] officer candidates take part in a 
tactical road march through a west Rapid City neighborhood.]]

Rapid City obtains most of its water supply from Rapid Creek and the alluvial aquifers associated with the creek, owning significant water rights in Pactola Reservoir located some {{convert|15|mi|km|0}} west of the city, but does also obtain water from some springs in the vicinity, and has the ability to draw water from deep formations that receive water from recharge in areas of the Black Hills where the formations come to the surface. The heavy dependence on shallow alluvial aquifers is of some concern to planners, as most suburbs of Rapid City use septic systems for domestic sewage treatment. However, water supplies remain relatively good for future growth.

===Healthcare===
Hospitals include:
* Monument Health Rapid City Hospital, a level 2 Trauma Center, and the busiest emergency department in South Dakota with 57,000 visits annually.
* Black Hills Surgical Hospital
* [[Indian Health Service]]’s Oyate Health Center provides care to the Native American community

===Emergency services===
Emergency medical services are provided by the Rapid City Fire Department. Emergency medical transportation by rotor and fixed wing aircraft is provided by Black Hills Life Flight, and MARC (Medical Air Rescue Company).

==Notable people==
{{Main|List of people from Rapid City, South Dakota}}

==Sister cities==
{{SisterCities|Rapid City|three}}
* {{flagdeco|Germany}} [[Apolda]], [[Thuringia]], Germany
* {{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Nikkō]], [[Tochigi Prefecture|Tochigi]], Japan<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sites.google.com/a/nikko-rapid-sister-city.org/rapid-city-nikko-sister-city/home | title=Google Sites: Sign-in }}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book |title=Roadside History of South Dakota |last=Hasselstrom |first=Linda M. |year=1994 |publisher=[[Mountain Press Publishing Company]] |location=Missoula, MT |isbn=0-87842-262-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/roadsidehistoryo0000hass }}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|voy=Rapid City|wikt=no|n=no |q=no |s=no |author=no |b=no |v=no}}
* [https://www.rcgov.org/ Rapid City government website]
* [https://www.visitrapidcity.com/ Rapid City Visitors Bureau]
* [https://nlbd.org/rapid-city/company/ Rapid City, SD - City Directory]

{{Rapid City, South Dakota}}
{{Pennington County, South Dakota}}
{{South Dakota}}
{{Black Hills, South Dakota}}
{{Midwestern United States}}
{{South Dakota county seats}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rapid City, South Dakota| ]]
[[Category:Black Hills]]
[[Category:Cities in South Dakota]]
[[Category:Cities in Pennington County, South Dakota]]
[[Category:County seats in South Dakota]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1876]]
[[Category:Rapid City, South Dakota metropolitan area]]
[[Category:1876 establishments in Dakota Territory]]