Editing Ramiro I of Aragon

{{Short description|King of Aragon from 1035 to 1063}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{infobox royalty
| name        = Ramiro I of Aragon
| image       = Ramirocely.jpg
| image_size  = 150px
| caption     = 13th century miniature of Ramiro
|succession=[[List of Aragonese monarchs|King of Aragon]]|reign=1035 – 1063| house = [[House of Jiménez]]
| father      = [[Sancho III of Pamplona]]
| mother      = Sancha of Aybar
| spouse      = [[Ermesinda of Bigorre]]<br/>[[Agnes, wife of Ramiro I of Aragon|Agnes]]
| issue       = {{plainlist|
* [[Sancho Ramírez|Sancho Ramírez I & V]]
* [[García Ramírez (bishop)|García, Bishop of Pamplona]]
* [[Sancha of Aragon (died 1097)|Sancha, Countess of Urgell]]
* Urraca
* Theresa, Countess of Provence
* {{small|(ill.)}} [[Sancho Ramírez, Count of Ribagorza|Sancho, Count of Ribagorza]]}}
|successor=[[Sancho Ramírez]]| birth_date  = before 1007
| birth_place = 
| death_date  = 8 May {{death year and age|1063|1007}}
| death_place = [[Graus]]
| burial_place = [[Royal Monastery of San Juan de la Peña]]
}}

'''Ramiro I''' (bef. 1007{{snd}}8 May 1063) was the first [[King of Aragon]] from 1035 until his death.  His kingdomship was petit, and unfederated, which was sometimes referred to as a [[petty kingdom]]. Although his legacy was a minor kingdom, he would expand the nascent [[Kingdom of Aragon]] through his acquisition of territories.  Such as,[[Sobrarbe#History|Sobrarbe]] and [[County of Ribagorza|Ribagorza]], and the city of [[Sangüesa]]. [[Sancho Ramírez]] was his son, and was successor to the throne.  Therefore, becoming the King of Aragon.  He also became [[King of Pamplona]].

== Biography ==

[[Image:Signum Regis Remiro I d'Aragón.svg|thumb|150px|left|The ''signum regis'' of Ramiro.]]
[[File:Ramiro1.gif|thumb|Ramiro I of Aragon in the 15th century manuscript ''Genealogies of the Counts of Barcelona'']]

Apparently born before 1007, he was the illegitimate son of [[Sancho III of Pamplona]] by his mistress Sancha of Aybar.<ref>The ''Crónica de Aragón'', produced in 1499, names her ''Doña Caya'', but she is named Sancha in a contemporary donation. Ballesteros y Beretta, v. 2, pp. 319&ndash;320.</ref> Ramiro was reputed to have been adopted by his father's wife [[Muniadona of Castile|Muniadona]] after he was the only one of his father's children to come to her aid when needed, although there is no surviving record of these events and the story is probably [[apocrypha]]l.

During his father's reign, he appeared as witness of royal charters starting in 1011, and was given numerous properties in the [[county of Aragon]], and by the division of Sancho's realm on the latter's death in 1035, the county of Aragon fell to Ramiro with the title of ''[[baiulus]]'' or steward. This was part of what would prove to be a larger division: [[Navarre]] and the [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque country]] went to eldest half-brother [[García Sánchez III of Navarre|García]], the [[county of Castile]] was held by [[Ferdinand I of León and Castile|Ferdinand]], while the counties of [[Sobrarbe]] and [[County of Ribagorza|Ribagorza]] fell to [[Gonzalo of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza|Gonzalo]] and Ramiro received lands in Aragon to hold under García.

Ramiro's exact status is vague. He was called king by his vassals, neighbors, the church and even his sons, yet he always referred to himself simply as ''Ranimiro Sancioni regis filio'' (Ramiro, son of King Sancho). Likewise, in his two wills, he refers to his lands as having been given him in stewardship: in the first by García, and in the second by God. He is called ''regulus'' (rather than ''rex'' used for García) and ''quasi pro rege'' (acting as if king) in charters from [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]].<ref>Ubieto Arteta, pp. 175&ndash;178; ''Nelson'', pp. 228-229.</ref> Due to his growing independence and the small size of his [[Pyrenees|Pyrenean]] holdings, he is sometimes called a "petty king", Aragon a "pocket kingdom".

Ramiro sought to enlarge his lands at the expense of both the [[Moors]] and his brother, García, the King of [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]]. Shortly after the death of his father (the date variously placed from 1036 to 1043), he supported the emir of [[Tudela, Navarre|Tudela]] in an invasion of the Navarre. While he was defeated in the [[Battle of Tafalla]], he still was able to gain territory, including [[Sanguesa]], and established a state of semi-autonomy. In 1043, apparently with the approval of García, he annexed Sobrarbe and Ribagorza, previously held by his youngest legitimate half-brother, Gonzalo.<ref>Ubieto Arteta, pp. 169&ndash;173</ref> This union created a pseudo-independent Aragonese state, with its capital at [[Jaca]], that would give rise to the [[Kingdom of Aragon]].

After annexation of Ribagorza and Sobrarbe, Ramiro began the advance from Aragon toward Huesca and Zaragoza. The first charter for the royal town of Jaca is attributed to him. It included well defined laws of protection even to non-residents, and would set an example for urban rights until late in the Middle Ages.

Ramiro died at the [[Battle of Graus]] in 1063 while trying to take the city.<ref>Richard Fletcher, ''The Quest for El Cid'', (Oxford University Press, 1989), 113.</ref> He was buried at the monastery of [[San Juan de la Peña]], in [[Santa Cruz de la Serós]].

==Marriage and children==

Before he was married, Ramiro had a mistress named Amuña (Amunna) with whom he had an illegitimate son, [[Sancho Ramírez, Count of Ribagorza|Sancho]],<ref>Balaguer, 239&ndash;242</ref> in whom he confided the government of the county of Ribagorza. Via a son García of Aybar and Atarés, Count Sancho was grandfather of [[Pedro de Atarés]], a candidate to succeed [[Alfonso the Battler]].

Ramiro's first wife was [[Ermesinda of Bigorre|Gisberga]], daughter of [[Bernard-Roger of Foix|Bernard Roger of Bigorre]], on 22 August 1036.<ref>Bernard F. Reilly, ''The Contest of Christian and Muslim Spain 1031-1157'', (Blackwell Publishers Inc., 1995), 71.</ref> She changed her name to Ermesinda on marrying him. Together the couple had five children:

* [[Sancho Ramírez]], his successor 
* [[García, Bishop of Jaca]]
* [[Sancha, daughter of Ramiro I of Aragon|Sancha]], who married [[Armengol III of Urgel]] in 1065
* Urraca, nun in [[Santa Cruz de la Serós]]
* Theresa, who married [[William Bertrand of Provence]]{{sfn|Nelson|1991|p=17}}

Ramiro's second wife was [[Agnes, wife of Ramiro I of Aragon|Agnes]] (Inés), perhaps a daughter of the [[Duke of Aquitaine]]. No children are known from this marriage.

{{clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
{{Commons category|Ramiro I of Aragon}}
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book| last =Ávila Seoane|first=Nicolás|title= Intitulación y data con los hijos de Sancho III el Mayor|series=Colección Monofráficas de la Sociedad Española de Estudios Medievales|publisher=CSIC|year=2016|location=Madrid|language=ES|isbn= 978-84-945433-1-9 |url=http://www.medievalistas.es/seem/pdf/publicaciones/024.pdf }}
* {{Cite journal| last = Balaguer|first=Federico| title = Doña Amuña: un amor juvenil de Ramiro I de Aragon|date = 1960|journal = Argensola: Revista de Ciencias Sociales del Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses|number= 43|pages = 239–242|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/2110972.pdf}}
* {{Cite book| last =Ballesteros y Beretta|first=Antonio|title = Historia de España y su influencia en la historia universal|year=1920|publisher=Salvat|location=Barcelona|language=ES|oclc=163181517 }}
* {{Cite book| last =Chaytor|first=H.J.|author-link=Henry John Chaytor|title = A History of Aragon and Catalonia|year=1933|publisher=Methuen|location=London| url = http://libro.uca.edu/chaytor/achistory.htm |isbn= 9780404014797 }}
* {{Cite journal| last = Lourie|first=Elena| title = The Will of Alfonso I, 'El Batallador', King of Aragon and Navarre: A Reassessment|date = October 1975|journal = [[Speculum (journal)|Speculum]]|volume= 50|number= 4|pages = 635–651|doi = 10.2307/2855471|publisher=The University of Chicago Press | jstor=2855471|s2cid=159659007}}
* {{Cite book| last = Nelson|first= Lynn| title = Estudios en homenaje a Don Claudio Sánchez Albornoz en sus 90 years|chapter=The Aragonese Acquisition of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza|volume=II|year = 1983|pages =227–236|oclc= 13009842 |publisher=Instituto de Historia de España|location=Buenos Aires| url = https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=7509}}
* {{cite book |title=The Chronicle of San Juan de la Peña: A Fourteenth-century Official History of the Crown of Aragon |editor-first=Lynn H. |editor-last=Nelson |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=1991 }}
* {{Cite news| last = Ubieto Arteta|first= Antonio| title = Estudios en torno a la división del Reino por Sancho el Mayor de Navarra| year = 1960a|work = Príncipe de Viana|number = Year 21, No. 78-79|pages = 5–26|issn = 0032-8472|language=ES| url = https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/2256034.pdf}}
* {{Cite news| last = Ubieto Arteta|first= Antonio| title = Estudios en torno a la división del Reino por Sancho el Mayor de Navarra| year = 1960b|work = Príncipe de Viana|number = Year 21, No. 80-81|pages = 163–236|issn = 0032-8472|language=ES| url = https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/2256066.pdf}}
* {{Cite book|last=Viruete Erdozáin|first=Roberto|title=Aragón en la época de Ramiro I|year=2008|publisher=Universidad de Zaragoza|location=Zaragoza|isbn=978-84-692-2032-0|language=ES|url=https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/3230?ln=en#}}
* {{Cite book|last=Viruete Erdozáin|first=Roberto|publisher=Institución Fernando el Católico (C.S.I.C.). Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza|title =La colección diplomática del reinado de Ramiro I de Aragón (1035–1064)|series=Fuentes históricas aragonesas (66)|year=2013|location=Zaragoza|isbn = 9788499112190|language=ES|url=http://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/32/75/_ebook.pdf}}
{{Refend}}

{{S-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Jiménez]]||before 1007|8 May|1063}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-new}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Aragonese monarchs|King of Aragon]]|years=1035–1063}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sancho Ramírez, King of Aragon and Navarre|Sancho Ramírez]]}}
{{S-end}}
{{Aragonese monarchs}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramiro 01 of Aragon}}
[[Category:1063 deaths]]
[[Category:11th-century Aragonese monarchs]]
[[Category:Spanish military personnel killed in action]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Monarchs killed in action]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Burials at the Monastery of San Juan de la Peña]]
[[Category:Illegitimate children of Spanish monarchs]]
[[Category:Sons of emperors]]