Editing Rambler (automobile)

{{Short description|Automobile brand name}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}

{{Infobox company
| name = Rambler
| native_name_lang = en
| founded = {{Start date|1897|09|27}}
| defunct = {{End date|1983|06|15}}
}}

'''Rambler''' is an [[automobile]] brand name that was first used by the [[Thomas B. Jeffery Company]] between 1900 and 1914.<ref name=":0">{{Kimes-USCars3rd}}</ref>

[[Charles W. Nash]] bought Jeffery in 1916, and Nash Motors reintroduced the name to the automobile marketplace from 1950 through 1954. The "Rambler" trademark registration for use on automobiles and parts was issued on 9 March 1954 for Nash-Kelvinator.<ref name="uspto">{{cite web |url= https://ttabvue.uspto.gov/ttabvue/ttabvue-91171962-OPP-28.pdf |date=30 July 2008 |publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office: Trademark Trial and Appeal Board |title=Chrysler LLC v. Anthony S. Pimpo |access-date=11 December 2020}}</ref>

Nash merged with the [[Hudson Motor Car Company]] to form [[American Motors Corporation]] (AMC) in 1954.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Perschbacher |first1=Gerald |title=Merger Mania: Nash and Hudson form AMC |url= https://www.oldcarsweekly.com/features/merger-mania-nash-and-hudson-form-amc |work=Old Cars Weekly |date=11 January 2021 |access-date=14 January 2023}}</ref> The Rambler line of cars continued through the 1969 model year in the United States and 1983 in international markets.

Rambler cars were often nicknamed the "Kenosha Cadillac" after the original location and their most significant place of manufacture in the city of [[Kenosha, Wisconsin]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://carspector.com/dictionary/K/kenosha-cadillac/ |title=Automotive dictionary: What is Kenosha Cadillac? |publisher=CarSpector |year=2008 |access-date=11 December 2020}}</ref>

==Rambler 1897–1914==
[[File:Emblem Rambler.JPG|thumb|Emblem plate for the Rambler by the Thomas B. Jeffery Company (ca 1900s).]]

The first use of the name Rambler for an American-made automobile dates to 1897 when [[Thomas B. Jeffery]] of [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], builder of the [[Rambler (bicycle)|Rambler bicycle]], constructed his prototype automobile.<ref name=":0" />

After receiving positive reviews at the 1899 Chicago International Exhibition & Tournament and the first [[New York International Auto Show|National Automobile Show]] in [[New York City]], Jeffery entered the automobile business. Following the sudden death of his [[Gormully & Jeffery|Rambler]] partner, R. Philip Gormully, Jeffery sold their bicycle business to the [[American Bicycle Company]], but retained rights to the Rambler name. In 1900, he bought the old [[Sterling Bicycle Co.]] factory in [[Kenosha, Wisconsin]], and set up shop.<ref name=":0" />

Thomas Jeffery and his son Charles experimented with such early technical innovations as a [[steering wheel]] (as opposed to a [[tiller]]), [[Left hand drive|left-hand driving]] and the engine placement under a [[Hood (car)|hood]] instead of under the seat, but they was decided that such features were too advanced for the motoring public of the day. The first Ramblers were [[Tiller|tiller-steered]], had right-hand drive, and the [[Single-cylinder engine|single-cylinder]] engine was positioned under the seat. Rambler innovated various design features and was the first to equip cars with a [[Spare tire|spare wheel-and-tire assembly]]. This allowed the driver, when experiencing a [[flat tire]], to exchange the spare wheel and tire for the flat one, rather than patching.<ref name=":0" />

Jeffery started commercially [[Mass production|mass-producing]] automobiles in 1902. By the end of the year the company had produced 1,500 motor cars, priced at US$750 ({{Inflation|US|750|1902|fmt=eq}}), one-sixth of all cars that were manufactured in the U.S. during that year. The [[Thomas B. Jeffery Company]] was the second largest auto manufacturer at that time, behind [[Oldsmobile]].<ref name=":0" />

In 1904, Jeffery built 2,342 Ramblers. Higher-powered [[Straight-twin engine|two-cylinder]] versions with front-mounted engines and steering wheels were now available. In 1905, the single-cylinder was discontinued, and three larger two-cylinder models priced from $1,200 to $3,000 were offered (equivalent to between US${{Inflation|US|1200|1905|fmt=c|r=-3}} and ${{Inflation|US|3000|1905|fmt=c|r=-3}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}). A Rambler [[four-cylinder]] was introduced in 1906.<ref name=":0" />

New employee [[Edward S. Jordan|Edward S, Jordan]], who would later become Jeffery's secretary and general manager, provided [[advertising copy]] such as "The Right Car at the Right Price", “June Time Is Rambler Time”, and other similarly evocative phrases. By 1906, Rambler was considered an industry leader, with one of the best-equipped automobile factories. Thomas Jeffery was not interested in increasing mass production, however, and settled into a pattern of producing 2,500 Ramblers a year.<ref name=":0" />

In 1910, all Ramblers were now four-cylinder medium-priced cars. While on vacation in 1910, Thomas B. Jeffery died of a heart attack and his son Charles took over the newly incorporated Thomas B. Jeffery Company. Charles increased annual production by about 500 cars and, in 1912, introduced new Ned Jordan model names such as Cross Country, Country Club, Knickerbocker, and Valkyrie. For 1913 the last Rambler branded models were the Cross Country [[Roadster (automobile)|roadster]] and [[touring car]], an Inside Drive [[coupe]] and the Gotham [[Limousine]], priced from US$1,650 to $2,750 (equivalent to between US${{Inflation|US|1650|1913|fmt=c|r=-3}} and ${{Inflation|US|2750|1913|fmt=c|r=-3}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}).<ref name=":0" /> 

In 1914, [[Charles T. Jeffery]], Thomas B. Jeffery's son, replaced the Rambler brand name with [[Jeffery (automobile)|Jeffery]] in honor of his now-deceased father.<ref name=":0" />

In 1916, the Thomas B. Jeffery Company was purchased by [[Charles W. Nash]] and became [[Nash Motors]] Company in 1917. The Jeffery brand name was dropped at the time of the sale. The manufacture of [[Nash Motors|Nash]]-branded automobiles commenced. In 1937, the concern became the [[Nash-Kelvinator|Nash-Kelvinator Corporation]] through a merger with the major appliance maker.

<gallery widths="220" heights="180">
File:1901 Rambler A -Charles T. Jeffery.jpg|Thomas Jeffery in his prototype Rambler motor vehicle 1901
File:Rambler 1903 6HP Runabou on London to Brighton VCR 2010.jpg|Rambler 6HP Runabout 1903
File:Rambler 1903 6.5 HP Runabout on London to Brighton VCR 2010.jpg|Rambler 6 1/2HP Runabout 1903
File:Rambler 1904 7HP Rear-Entrance Tonneau on London to Brighton VCR 2010.jpg|Rambler 7HP Rear-entrance tonneau 1904
File:Rambler1908.jpg|1908 Rambler advertisement
File:1909 Rambler.jpg|A 1909 Rambler
File:1913 Rambler 5-passenger Touring.JPG|1913 Rambler five-passenger [[touring car]]
File:1913RamblerTruck.jpg|1913 Rambler truck on display at the [[Iowa 80]] Trucking Museum, Walcott, Iowa.
</gallery>

== Overview of production figures ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Production
|-
| 1901 || align="right"|2
|-
| 1902 || align="right"|1.500
|-
| 1903 || align="right"|3.693
|-
| 1904 || align="right"|2.343
|-
| 1905 || align="right"|3.807
|-
| 1906 || align="right"|6.299
|-
| 1907 || align="right"|?
|-
| 1908 || align="right"|1.597
|-
| 1909 || align="right"|1.963
|-
| 1910 || align="right"|2.243
|-
| 1911 || align="right"|3.000
|-
| 1912 || align="right"|3.550
|-
| 1913 || align="right"|?
|-
| Sum || align="right"|29.997
|}

==Rambler 1950–1957==
{{main|Nash Rambler}}

Under the direction of Charles Nash's successor, [[George W. Mason]], [[Nash-Kelvinator|Nash-Kelvinator Corporation]] began the development of a small car that could be produced inexpensively for the post-[[World War II]] economy. Both General Motors and Ford had plans to develop smaller-sized cars after the war, but did not realize them.<ref name="Vance">{{cite web |last1=Vance |first1=Bill |title=Nash Rambler America's first compact car |url= https://www.timescolonist.com/driving/bill-vance-nash-rambler-americas-first-compact-car-5001984 |work=Times Colonist |date=28 January 2022 |access-date=16 February 2024}}</ref> Moreover, [[steel]] shortages following the war limited the amount of [[raw material]]s that Nash could obtain. Hence, Mason ordered the development of a "compact car" that would have greater appeal to consumers, because the Crosley in production at that time was considered too small to be practical. The new Nash compact featured a unique [[convertible]] design. It included many standard features that were typically options on other cars. This approach maximized [[profit (accounting)|profit]]s for the company. Nash-Kelvinator trademarked '''Rambler''' in 1950, the same nameplate as was used by its predecessor company in the early 1900s.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Phillips |first1=David |title=Rambler returns under new trademark, heralding postwar small cars |magazine=Automotive News |date=19 May 2020 |url= https://www.autonews.com/cars-concepts-history/rambler-returns-under-new-trademark-heralding-postwar-small-cars |access-date=14 January 2023}}</ref>

When introduced, the Rambler was an immediate success for Nash. As the steel quotas related to the [[Korean War]] eased, the Rambler line was broadened in its model types, first a [[station wagon]] and two-door hardtop (no [[Pillar (car)|B-pillar]]) named "Country Club", and later a two-door sedan. A further expansion of the line for 1954 included a four-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]] and station wagon called "Cross Country" on a stretched [[wheelbase]], which proved to be as successful as the first generation of two-door sedan convertibles. The Rambler became the most successful of the early post-Second World War American compacts compared to the [[Henry J]] (and rebadged [[Allstate (automobile)|Allstate]] version), [[Willys Aero]], and [[Hudson Jet]].<ref name="Vance"/>

The first generation of modern Ramblers carried a modified version of Nash's ''Airflyte'' styling, which included closed wheel openings. While the wheel openings of any car are a major source of [[drag (physics)|wind resistance]], the design was rather primarily an engineering design to increase the strength of the car for impact resistance. The engine is positioned between massive inner fender bulges to allow for the skirted front fenders along with a narrow {{convert|52.25|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} front track to provide a turning circle of {{convert|37|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Niedermeyer |first1=Paul |title=Junkyard Classic/Automotive History: 1955 Rambler Cross Country - How Rambler Won The Compact And Price Wars Of The 1950s And Saved AMC |url= https://www.curbsideclassic.com/curbside-classics-american/junkyard-classic-1955-rambler-cross-country-wagon-how-rambler-won-the-1950s-compact-war/ |work=Curbside Classic |date=25 January 2021 |access-date=16 February 2024}}</ref> Ramblers continued to use this styling until 1955 when the front wheels were revealed by a periodic design update.

In 1954 the Rambler offered the first combination heating and air conditioning unit available on American cars. The unit could be an add-on or could be installed at the factory for $395, which at that time was about the lowest-cost unit available in an American car.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Low Cost Air Conditioner Cools or Hears by Turning Know |magazine=Popular Mechanics |date=May 1954 |volume=101 |issue=5 |page=86 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=oN0DAAAAMBAJ&dq=1954+Popular+Mechanics+Nash+Low+Cost+Air+Conditioner+Cools+or+Heats&pg=PA86 |access-date=14 January 2023 |via=Google Books}}</ref>

In 1954, [[American Motors Corporation]] (AMC) was formed from the [[mergers and acquisitions|merger]] of Nash-Kelvinator and the [[Hudson Motor Car Company]]. Following the merger, 1955 and 1956 Ramblers were badged as both Nashes and Hudsons, with no visible differences. Rambler became a marque in its own right for the 1958 model year. The Nash and Hudson makes continued as a "senior" model only through 1957, after which all AMC's offerings were marketed as Ramblers, except the imported 1958–1962 [[Nash Metropolitan|Metropolitan]].

<gallery widths="220" heights="180">
File:Nash Rambler (4252280021).jpg|1951 Nash Rambler Custom two-door sedan
File:1951 Nash Rambler Deliveryman (15112959125).jpg|1951 Nash Rambler Deliveryman
File:1952 Nash Rambler blue wagon front.jpg|1952 Nash Rambler wagon
File:1954 Nash Rambler Custom Country Club at 2015 AACA Eastern Regional Fall Meet 3of9.jpg|1954 Nash Rambler Custom Country Club
File:Flickr - DVS1mn - 55 Rambler Country Club (3).jpg|1955 Rambler Country Club, made by American Motors Corporation
File:1956 Nash Rambler (11398983695).jpg|1956 Nash Rambler 4-Door Sedan
File:1957 Rambler Custom Cross-Country wagon AnnMD-a.jpg|1957 Rambler Custom Cross-Country wagon
</gallery>

==Rambler 1958–1969==
[[File:RamblerR.png|thumb|upright|Rambler logo, 1960s]]
{{main|American Motors Corporation}}

With the elimination of the Nash and Hudson marque, Rambler became the primary AMC make for 1958.  At the start of the 1960s, [[George W. Romney|George Romney]] made a marketing decision that more fully unified the Rambler model names under the Rambler brand. In 1962, the [[AMC Ambassador|Ambassador]], a top-trim level model, was officially brought under the Rambler name (it had previously been named the "Ambassador by Rambler"). The former [[Rambler Six]] and [[Rambler Rebel]] V8 were renamed the [[Rambler Classic]]. While the top-line models for 1958-1961 were advertised as the "Ambassador V-8 by Rambler", but on the cars themselves, the badging was "Rambler Ambassador".

In 1958, AMC re-introduced America's first successful compact car, the [[Rambler American]], after a three-year hiatus.<ref name="Gunn">{{cite web |last1=Gunn |first1=Malcolm |title=American Motor Corp.'s Rambler predated today's popular compact cars |url= https://www.newsday.com/classifieds/cars/american-motor-corp-s-rambler-predated-today-s-popular-compact-cars-x86188 |work=Newsday |date=26 February 2013 |access-date=16 February 2024}}</ref> This car was essentially the no-frills, economical 1950 Nash Rambler, but slightly restyled and modernized with a new grille and full cut-out wheel openings.<ref name="Gunn"/> The [[Recession of 1958]] hurt all carmakers except AMC, whose economy-oriented Ramblers saw high demand.<ref name="Gunn"/> The American was an instant success and lost sales only after the "Big Three" (GM, Ford, and Chrysler) each introduced compact cars of their own in the 1960s ([[GM X platform (1962)|GM "X" body]], [[Ford Falcon (North America)|Ford Falcon]], and [[Chrysler A platform]]).

Romney also put into play his plan to slash production costs, which involved more common parts sharing between the Ambassador and Classic models. Beginning in 1962, all "senior" Rambler models would share the same [[automobile platform]] with identical wheelbase and body parts. However, the engines, trims, and equipment levels distinguished the Classic from the Ambassador. The Rambler's compact size (by U.S. standards) also made it an international competitor, and between 1961 and 1965, AMC opened thirteen foreign assembly plants, from [[Costa Rica]] to the [[Philippines]].<ref name="AU66">{{citation |ref=AU66 |journal=Auto-Universum 1966 (English Edition) |title=The American Motors Story |last=Billeter |first=Vera |editor-first=Arthur |editor-last=Logoz |date=1965 |publisher=Verlag International Automobile Parade |location=Zürich, Switzerland |volume=IX |pages=18–19}}</ref>

In 1963, the entire Rambler line received the ''[[Motor Trend]]'' [[Motor Trend Car of the Year|Car of the Year]] award. However, Romney's departure to become Michigan governor opened the door for his successor, [[Roy Abernethy]], to redirect the company towards a strategy of competing head-to-head with the Big Three ([[General Motors]], [[Chrysler Corporation]], and [[Ford Motor Company]]) with a variety of bodies and [[automobile platform]]s. This new plan also included marketing the various models apart from the Rambler brand name, which Abernethy thought would be a hindrance in the market segments he hoped to pursue.

One of the first moves in that direction was the development of the 1965 line of Ramblers, which visually split the Classic from the Ambassador while still sharing many parts. Once again, the Ambassador had a unique, extended wheelbase. In addition, AMC introduced the [[Rambler Marlin|Marlin]], a hardtop [[fastback]] intended to enter AMC in the youth and [[personal luxury]] market segments as well as also positioning it as a [[Halo effect|"halo" vehicle]].<ref name="AU66"/>

AMC chief stylist Richard Teague introduced a restyled and attractive Rambler American in 1964, which was a sales success. This basic body remained in its original shape through 1969.

Backed by marketing reports, Abernethy next made a persuasive argument to the AMC board that the Rambler name had not only acquired a stodgy image and hindered increasing [[sales]], but that consumers associated it with [[compact car]]s. In what hindsight would show to be an ill-conceived decision, American Motors began to phase it out in favor of an AMC marque starting with the 1966 model year as it attempted to become a multiplatform automobile manufacturer.

By 1968, the only vehicle produced by AMC to carry the Rambler marque was the compact [[Rambler American]]. Although designed as a "basic" economy car, the American spawned the audacious '''SC/Rambler''', developed with [[Hurst Performance]].<ref name=mirror>{{cite journal|url= http://wardsautoworld.com/ar/auto_rearview_mirror_17/index.html |first1=Al |last1=Binder |last2=the Ward's staff |title=Rearview Mirror |journal=Ward's AutoWorld |date=1 June 2002 |access-date=27 February 2011}}</ref> While AMC planned to produce only 500 for the 1969 [[model year]], the "''Scrambler''" proved popular so two more groups of about 500 each were built.<ref name="flory633">{{cite book|last=Flory |first=J. Kelly |title=American Cars, 1960–1972: Every Model, Year by Year |publisher=McFarland |year=2004 |isbn=9780786412730 |page=633}}</ref> All featured the same {{convert|390|cid|L|1|abbr=on}} V8, four-barrel [[carburetor]], and close-ratio four-speed [[transmission (mechanics)|transmission]] of the [[AMC AMX|AMX]], plus Hurst shifter, Twin-Grip (limited slip) [[Differential (mechanical device)|differential]], and [[Cold air intake|cold air]] hood.<ref name="flory633"/>

For the final year in 1969, the "American" line was called Rambler. The 1969 Rambler (and Chevrolet Corvair and Dodge Dart) were the only U.S. compact cars available that year in a two-door hardtop body style; Ford compacts were available only as sedans.

The last U.S.-built Rambler, of over 4.2 million cars that carried the Rambler name that rolled off the assembly line in Kenosha, was produced on 30 June 1969.<ref name=mirror/>

<gallery widths="220" heights="180">
File:1958 Rambler sedan pink and white NJ.jpg|1958 Rambler sedan
File:Fifty-six carloads of new 1958 Ramblers.jpg|Train unloading 1958 Ramblers for a car rental company in Florida.
File:1962 Rambler Ambassador 2-door sedan Kenosha green-f.jpg|1962 [[Rambler Ambassador]], AMC's largest model
File:1963 Rambler American 440-H black-red MD fl.jpg|1963 Rambler American 440 2-door hardtop
File:1964 Rambler Classic 770 wagon-green.jpg|1964 Rambler Classic 770 wagon
File:1966 AMC Ambassador red convertible in MD.JPG|1966 Rambler Ambassador 990 convertible
File:1967 AMC Rambler Rebel sedan aqua.jpg|1967 Rambler Rebel 770 sedan
</gallery>

==Rambler 1970–1983==

The Rambler [[marque]] was continued in all international markets after it was dropped in the United States. AMC vehicles were badged as “Rambler" in Argentina, Australia, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Philippines, Venezuela, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. In Argentina, a unique model based on the third-generation Rambler American became the '''IKA Torino''' in 1967. It was later named the [[Renault Torino]] and produced until 1981. The Rambler nameplate was last used on automobiles in 1983 by [[Vehículos Automotores Mexicanos]] (VAM) in Mexico.

==Rambler brand cars==
Historic:
* Rambler: 1901–1913
Compact:
* [[Rambler American]]: 1958–1968
* Rambler 1969
Mid-sized:
* [[Rambler Six and V8]]: 1957–1960
* [[Rambler Rebel]]: 1957–1960
* [[AMC Ambassador|Rambler Ambassador]]: 1958–1965
* [[Rambler Classic]]: 1961–1966
* Rambler Typhoon: 1964
* [[AMC Rebel|Rambler Rebel]]: 1967
* [[Rambler Marlin]]: 1965
Show cars:
* Rambler Palm Beach: 1950
* [[Rambler Tarpon]]: 1964
International:
* [[AMC Ambassador|Rambler Ambassador]] 
** Costa Rica 1965-1970 
** United Kingdom 1965-1974
* [[Rambler AMX]] 
** Australia 1969–1970<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.amx-perience.com/1969AMIAMX.php |title=Australian Motor Industries AMX |website=amx-perience.com |access-date=17 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140814055815/http://amx-perience.com/1969AMIAMX.php |archive-date=14 August 2014 }}</ref> 
* [[Rambler Hornet]] 
** Australia 1970–1975<ref name=Green_Guide>Green Price and Model Guide, July–August 1983, page 74</ref> 
** Costa Rica 1970-1975 (as "Rambler SST" and "Rambler Unisex") 
** Mexico 1970-1977 (as "VAM American" and "Rambler American") 
** South Africa 1970-1971
** Venezuela 1970-1977
* [[Rambler Javelin]] 
** Australia 1968–1973<ref name=Green_Guide/> 
** Germany 1968-1970 
** Mexico 1968-1973 
** Venezuela 1968-1974
** Philippines 1968–1970. 
* [[Rambler Matador]] 
** Australia 1971–1977<ref name=Green_Guide/>
** Costa Rica 1971-1974
** Mexico 1971-1976 (as "Rambler Classic")
** United Kingdom 1971-1977
* [[AMC Rebel|Rambler Rebel]] 
** Australia 1967–1971<ref>Glass's Dealer Guide, South Australian and Northern Territory Edition, Jun 1973, page 95</ref> 
** Belgium 1967 (as "Renault Rambler") 
** Costa Rica 1967-1970
** Mexico 1967-1970 (as "Rambler Classic")
** New Zealand 1967-1971 
** United Kingdom 1967-1970

==International production==
<gallery widths="220" heights="180">
File:1964 Rambler Classic 660 (27414915636).jpg|1964 [[Rambler Classic]] 660 built by [[Automotive industry in New Zealand#1964 Campbell Motor Industries|Campbell Motor Industries]], New Zealand.
File:Cancerdaytehran.jpg|Sherkate Sahami Jeep company built the 1966 [[Rambler American]] from 1967 until 1974 in Iran.
File:Rambler av.jpg|1967 [[AMC Rebel|Renault Rambler]] sedan, built by [[Renault]], Belgium.
File:1975 Rambler Hornet Sedan (45676182011).jpg|1975 [[AMC Hornet|Rambler Hornet]] built by [[Australian Motor Industries]], Australia.
File:1974 Rambler Matador Sedan (9347190925).jpg|1976 Australian-assembled [[AMC Matador|Rambler Matador]] (U.S 1974 model)
File:1971 Rambler Regal (21213649360).jpg|New Zealand-assembled 1970 Rambler Rebel.
File:Rambler Classic IKA.JPG|Rambler Classic made by IKA, Argentina.
</gallery>

Companies that undertook the production of Rambler vehicles outside of the United States either by local assembly or full import included the following:

'''North America'''
* [[Vehículos Automotores Mexicanos]] (Mexico): 1963–1983
* [[AMC Rebel#Costa Rica|Purdy Motor]] (Costa Rica): 1964-1973
* Motorizada de Costa Rica (Costa Rica): 1974-1978 <ref>{{cite web |title=AMC American Motors- Costa Rica |url= http://amc.co.cr/amc_costarica.htm |website=amc.co.cr |access-date=11 December 2020}}</ref>
* Nassau Motors (Bahamas): 196?-197? <ref>{{cite news|url= https://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/UF/00/08/42/49/03303/00214.jpg |title=Hornets, Hatchbacks & Javelins are AMC's Pride for 1973 |newspaper=The Tribune |location=Nassau |page=4 |date=22 March 1973 |via=ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu |access-date=25 June 2022}}</ref>

'''Australasia'''
* [[Australian Motor Industries]] (Australia): 1960–1977
* VW Motors Ltd (New Zealand): 1958-1962
* [[Automotive industry in New Zealand#1964 Campbell Motor Industries|Campbell Motor Industries]] (New Zealand): 1964–1971
* Luzon Machineries Limited (Philippines): 196?-1970

'''Europe'''
* [[Renault]] (France/Belgium): 1962-1967
* [[AMC Javelin#France|Jacques Poch]] (France): 1970s
* [[AMC Pacer#Europe|Jean-Charles]] (France): 1970s
* Nash Concessionaires Ltd (United Kingdom): 19??-1960 <ref>{{cite web|work=The Autocar (magazine) 28 October 1960 |title=Two Amazing Models from A.M.C. (advertisement) |date=January 1960 |url= https://www.flickr.com/photos/majorclanger/25441590803/ |via=flickr |access-date=11 December 2020}}</ref>
* Petrol Motor Power Co. (United Kingdom): 1902-1912
* Rambler Motors (A.M.C) Limited (United Kingdom): 1961-1977 <ref>{{cite web |title=1961 Guide to Key British Enterprises: Motor, Motor-Cycle and Commercial Vehicle Manufacturers - Graces Guide |url= https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/1961_Guide_to_Key_British_Enterprises:_Motor,_Motor-Cycle_and_Commercial_Vehicle_Manufacturers |website=gracesguide.co.uk |date=21 November 2018 |access-date=11 December 2020}}</ref>
* [[Peter Lindner GmbH]] (Germany) 1969-1977
* [[Karmann|Wilhelm Karmann GmbH]] (Germany): 1968-1970
* [[Fredrik Hiorth|Kolberg & Caspary AS]] (Norway): 1958-19??

'''South America'''
* Automovil de Francia (Venezuela): 1963-1968
* Constructora Venezolana de Vehículos (Venezuela): 1968–1977
* [[Industrias Kaiser Argentina]] (Argentina): 1962–1972
* Juan Carlos Lutteral (Argentina) 1979-198?
* Indauto (Chile): 1964-1967
* Automotores Franco Chilena (Chile) 1967-19??
* Rambler del Peru S.A (Peru): 1963-1966
* Industria Automotriz Peruana S.A (Peru): 1966-1970 <ref>{{cite web |title=Rambler del Perú (1969) |url= http://www.arkivperu.com/rambler-del-peru-1969/ |publisher=Arkivperu |language=es |date=6 August 2009 |access-date=11 December 2020}}</ref>

'''Africa'''
* National Motor Assemblers (South Africa): 1964-1967
* [[Nissan South Africa|Rosslyn Motor Assemblers]] (South Africa): 1968
* Motor Assemblies Limited (South Africa): 1969-1970 <ref>{{cite web |title=Appendix B - Production Figures for Jacobs Plant |url= http://motor-assemblies.blogspot.com/2012/01/motor-assemblies-limited.html?m=1#appendixb |first1=M. |last1=Compton |first2=T.J. |last2=Gallwey |website=motor-assemblies.blogspot.com |date=24 January 2012 |access-date=25 June 2022}}</ref>

'''Middle East'''
* [[Pars Khodro]] (Iran): 1967-1974

==Trademark==
American Motors stopped producing cars using the Rambler trademark in 1970. In 1973, Action Age Incorporated wanted to register "Scrambler" for an off-highway vehicle and, in a case before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board, contended that the trademark Rambler had been abandoned.<ref name="Handelman">{{cite book |last1=Handelman |first1=Jeffery |title=Guide to TTAB Practice |date=2019 |publisher=Aspen Publishers |isbn=9780735565319 |pages=257–258 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=-iwS-WUnv-sC&dq=American+Motors+v+Action+Age+Inc.+1973&pg=SA8-PA290 |chapter=8}}</ref> This registration was opposed by AMC and the court determined that even though the manufacturing of Ramblers ended, the trademark was not abandoned because AMC continued to have commercial activities such as parts with the Rambler name on the boxes as well as franchising dealers that retained Rambler in their name or marketed used cars under the Rambler trademark.<ref name="Handelman"/>/<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kintner |first1=Earl W. |last2=Lahr |first2=Jack L. |title=An Intellectual Property Law Primer: A Survey of the Law of Patents, Trade Secrets, Trademarks, Franchises, Copyrights, and Personality and Entertainment Rights |date=1982 |publisher=C. Boardman |isbn=9780876323618 |pages=307–308 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ON9AAQAAIAAJ&q=Rambler+trademark+automobiles}}</ref>

The Rambler trademark registration expired on 12 December 1994, because Chrysler (the company that acquired AMC in 1987) did not file an affidavit of continued use.<ref name="uspto"/> However, it was claimed by Chrysler as a retro or heritage mark that "had built an affinity and emotional connection with the consumer as a result of the original product that was in the marketplace, and continues to have nostalgia appeal with consumers who are still interested in acquiring products built around the mark’s core values and replicates the markets and the mark itself."<ref name="uspto"/> In a 2008 case before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board, the [[United States Patent and Trademark Office]] determined that Chrysler continued to have products licensed in connection with the Rambler mark for automobiles and thus sufficiently related to automobiles so that consumers would ascribe a single source to the products.<ref name="uspto"/> Chrysler, as the successor company, was able to "prove non-abandonment by demonstrating that there were many Rambler cars (and related supplies) bearing the mark still in use.<ref name="uspto"/> The board ruled that Chrysler "has priority of use, at the very least with respect to key rings, calendars, decals, specification sheets, and owner's manuals, all relating to Rambler automobiles."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ambrogi |first1=Robert J. |title=Remember the Rambler? Trademark Board Does |url= https://legalblogwatch.typepad.com/legal_blog_watch/2008/08/remember-the-ra.html |website=legalblogwatch.typepad.com |date=13 August 2008 |access-date=11 December 2020}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book|editor-last=Gunnell |editor-first=John |title=The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1946–1975 |publisher=Krause Publications |year=1987 |isbn=9780873410960}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.amcrc.com/ The AMC Rambler Car Club]
* [http://amcrc.com/history/history.htm Rambler History on amcrc.com]
* [https://www.conceptcarz.com/view/model/679/rambler.aspx Ramblers at ConceptCarz]
{{Commons category|Rambler automobiles}}

{{Nash Motors}}
{{American Motors}}
{{Amc Timeline}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rambler (Automobile)}}
[[Category:Rambler vehicles]]
[[Category:1900s cars]]
[[Category:1910s cars]]
[[Category:1950s cars]]
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[[Category:Veteran vehicles]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1900]]
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[[Category:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States]]
[[Category:George W. Romney]]
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[[Category:Motor vehicles manufactured in the United States]]
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[[Category:Defunct manufacturing companies based in Michigan]]
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