Editing Rainier, Oregon

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Rainier, Oregon
|settlement_type          = [[City]]
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    = 
|image_skyline            = Rainier, Oregon.jpeg
|imagesize                = 250px
|image_caption            = 
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               = 
|image_map = Columbia_County_Oregon_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Rainier_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location in [[Oregon]]
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             = 
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Oregon]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Oregon|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Columbia County, Oregon|Columbia]]
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name              = Jerry Cole{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}
|leader_title1            = 
|leader_name1             = 
|established_title        = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date         = 1885
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_sq_mi         = 4.95
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='41'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
|area_total_km2           = 12.81
|area_land_sq_mi          = 4.08
|area_land_km2            = 10.57
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.86
|area_water_km2           = 2.24
|area_urban_sq_mi         = 
|area_urban_km2           = 
|area_metro_sq_mi         = 
|area_metro_km2           = 
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_est           = 
|pop_est_as_of            = 
|population_note          = 
|population_total         = 1911
|population_metro         = 
|population_urban                 = 
|population_density_km2   = 180.79
|population_density_sq_mi = 468.27
|timezone                 = [[Pacific Standard Time Zone|Pacific]]
|utc_offset               = -8
|timezone_DST             = Pacific
|utc_offset_DST           = -7
|coordinates              = {{coord|46|04|37|N|122|56|26|W|type:city_region:US-OR|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 177
|website                  = {{URL|https://cityofrainier.com/}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 97048
|area_code                = [[Area codes 503 and 971|503 and 971]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 41-60850<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 2411511<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2411511}}</ref>
|footnotes                = 
|unit_pref                = Imperial
}}
'''Rainier''' ({{IPAc-en|r|eɪ|ˈ|n|ɪər}} {{respell|ray|NEER}}) is a city in [[Columbia County, Oregon|Columbia County]], [[Oregon]], United States. The city's population was 1,895 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]].  Rainier is on the south bank of the Columbia River across from [[Kelso, Washington|Kelso]] and [[Longview, Washington]].

==History==
[[File:Trojan_implosion.gif|thumb|left|Implosion of Trojan Nuclear plant cooling tower in 2006]]
Rainier was founded in 1851 on the south bank of the [[Columbia River]] by Charles E. Fox, the town's first postman. First called Eminence, its name was later changed to Fox's Landing and finally to Rainier. The name Rainier was taken from [[Mount Rainier]] in [[Washington (state)|Washington]], which can be seen from hills above the city.  Rainier was incorporated in 1881.<ref name="Lewis and Clark's Columbia River">{{cite web |title=Lewis and Clark's Columbia River|url=http://www.columbiariverimages.com/Regions/Places/rainier_oregon.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002153203/http://www.columbiariverimages.com/Regions/Places/rainier_oregon.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=October 2, 2009| date=November 2008|publisher=ColumbiaRiverImages.com}}</ref>

For much of the last quarter of the twentieth century, Rainier was known to the rest of [[Oregon]] as home to [[Trojan Nuclear Power Plant]], the only commercial [[nuclear reactor]] in the state, which supplied [[electricity]] to [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] and its suburbs starting in March 1976.  The reactor was closed periodically due to structural problems, and in January 1993, it was decommissioned after cracks developed in the steam tubes. On May 21, 2006, the cooling tower was demolished.

The closing of the Trojan plant precipitated a decline in the number of businesses in the city.  While some retail and services are available in the city, currently the only supermarket in the city is a Grocery Outlet.  Services are available in neighboring [[Clatskanie, Oregon|Clatskanie]], [[St. Helens, Oregon|St. Helens]], and in [[Longview, Washington]]. Longview is opposite Rainier, across the Columbia River, and connected to Rainier by the Lewis and Clark Bridge.

==Geography==

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|2.62|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|1.76|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.86|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-12-21|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|archive-date=2012-01-25}}</ref>

Rainier is surrounded by a number of rural communities. In the past, these places acted as separate communities. Today, most businesses and services have left these rural sites, and the communities are part of a large unincorporated area that receive services out of Rainier. These communities include [[Fern Hill, Columbia County, Oregon|Fern Hill]], Hudson, Alston, [[Apiary, Oregon|Apiary]], [[Goble, Oregon|Goble]], and [[Prescott, Oregon|Prescott]]. 
{{wide image|Rainier, oregon.jpg|1500px|A panorama of Rainier, Oregon, from Longview, Washington.  This is a montage of eight separate photographs and can be scrolled.}}

The [[Lewis and Clark Bridge (Columbia River)|Lewis and Clark Bridge]] spans the Columbia River, linking Rainier to [[Longview, Washington]]. It is the only bridge, that spans the entire width of the river, between [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] and [[Astoria, Oregon]].

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1890= 238
|1900= 522
|1910= 1359
|1920= 1287
|1930= 1353
|1940= 1183
|1950= 1285
|1960= 1152
|1970= 1731
|1980= 1655
|1990= 1674
|2000= 1687
|2010= 1895
|2020= 1911
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:41&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}
[[File:Rainier-Longview 1973.jpg|thumb|left|upright|View across the Columbia River in 1973]]
[[File:City Hall front - Rainier, Oregon.JPG|thumb|Rainier City Hall]]

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-12-21}}</ref> of 2010, there were 1,895 people, 818 households, and 502 families living in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1076.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 884 housing units at an average density of {{convert|502.3|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 93.1% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.2% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.3% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.2% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.1% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.5% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 3.6% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 4.0% of the population.

There were 818 households, of which 26.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.8% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.6% were non-families. 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.91.

The median age in the city was 34.9 years. 21.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.8% were from 25 to 44; 30.4% were from 45 to 64; and 17.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.5% male and 51.5% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 1,687 people, 667 households, and 460 families living in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,044.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 733 housing units at an average density of {{convert|453.9|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 92.83% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.06% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.48% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.36% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.24% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.36% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.68% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.85% of the population. 24.1% were of [[Germans|German]], 11.3% [[Irish people|Irish]] and 11.0% [[English people|English]] ancestry according to [[Census 2000]].

There were 667 households, out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.3% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 26.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $41,949, and the median income for a family was $46,759. Males had a median income of $45,179 versus $23,036 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $18,511. About 8.4% of families and 10.4% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 16.9% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over.

==Transportation==
[[File:Rainier, Oregon marina 2.jpg|thumb|Rainier Marina]]

===Railroad===
The [[Portland and Western Railroad]] runs through Rainier.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.gwrr.com/operations/railroads/north_america/portland_western_railroad_inc| title=Portland and Western Railroad| publisher=Genesee & Wyoming Inc.| access-date=17 March 2010| archive-date=February 24, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224090226/http://www.gwrr.com/operations/railroads/north_america/portland_western_railroad_inc| url-status=dead}}</ref>  [[Amtrak]] passenger rail service is available across the Columbia River in Kelso at the [[Kelso Multimodal Transportation Center]].

=== Ocean shipping ===
In 2005, Teevin Terminal, a barge terminal, opened in Rainier, directly across the Columbia from the Port of Longview in Washington.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.dailyastorian.com/news/teevin-bros-opens-terminal-in-rainier-to-expand-transportation-options/article_017619c5-eb71-53c2-9c22-588b511243c6.html?mode=story|title = Teevin Bros. opens terminal in Rainier to expand transportation options|date = June 30, 2005|access-date = August 5, 2005|website = The Daily Astorian}}</ref> The Oregon Transportation Commission awarded Teevin Bros. a grant of more than $2&nbsp;million in 2012  to build a "T-pier,"<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://tdn.com/news/local/teevin-bros-bring-rainier-new-dock-more-jobs/article_dfc6a0a6-ecec-11e1-ba6f-0019bb2963f4.html|title = Teevin Bros. bring Rainier new dock, more jobs|date = 22 August 2012|access-date = August 5, 2014|website = TDN.com - The Daily News Online, Serving the Lower Columbia|last = St. John|first = Natalie}}</ref> helping Teevin Terminal become "the largest shipper on the Portland & Western  line between Eugene and Astoria," according to owner Shawn Teevin.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.dailyastorian.com/free/teevin-transcends-logging/article_dc2da2be-daa8-11e2-bf2b-0019bb2963f4.html|title = Teevin transcends logging - Rainier investment produces international shipper|date = June 21, 2013|access-date = August 5, 2014|website = The Daily Astorian|last = Stratton|first = Edward}}</ref>

==Notable people==
* [[Miller M. Duris]], politician<ref>{{cite news|last=Mistreanu|first=Simina|title=Miller Duris, former Hillsboro mayor, Washington County chair, had a passion for softball, community service|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/washingtoncounty/index.ssf/2014/03/miller_duris_former_hillsboro.html#incart_river|access-date=8 April 2014|newspaper=[[The Oregonian]]|date=March 31, 2014|page=A2}}</ref>
*[[Nellie Oleson#Nellie Owens|Nellie Owens]] (''[[Little House on the Prairie]]''{{'}}s [[Nellie Oleson]]'s archetype), lived here<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170210083642/http://portlandtribune.com/fgnt/36-news/236193-100930-forest-grove-grave-draws-little-house-lovers- Forest Grove grave draws 'Little House' lovers] in [[Portland Tribune]]</ref>
*[[Sage Sharp]], software engineer<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2013/07/sarah_sharp/|title=Why this hacker stood up against 'verbal abuse' in Linux land|last=McMillan|first=Robert|date=19 July 2013|magazine=Wired|access-date=2017-10-14}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Rainier, Oregon}}
*[https://sos.oregon.gov/blue-book/Pages/local/cities/l-r/rainier.aspx Entry for Rainier] in the ''[[Oregon Blue Book]]''
*[http://www.vannattabros.com/geo2.html Rainier history] from Vannatta Bros. Logging

{{Columbia County, Oregon}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Oregon]]
[[Category:Cities in Columbia County, Oregon]]
[[Category:Oregon populated places on the Columbia River]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1851]]
[[Category:1851 establishments in Oregon Territory]]