Editing Quinquagesima

{{Short description|Sunday before Ash Wednesday}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2016}}
{{Infobox holiday
|holiday_name  = Quinquagesima
|type          = christian
|image         = New Testament Illustrations (1530) (BM 1940,0617.17).jpg
|imagesize     =
|caption       = Illustration of Jesus [[healing the blind near Jericho]] for Quinquagesima
|official_name =
|nickname      =
|observedby    =
|litcolor      = Violet
|longtype      =
|significance  = Preparation for [[Lent]]
|begins        =
|ends          =
|date          = Last Sunday before [[Ash Wednesday]] (49 calendar days before Easter Sunday)
|date{{LASTYEAR}}    = {{Moveable date |holiday=Quinquagesima |year={{LASTYEAR}} |format=infobox}}
|date{{CURRENTYEAR}} = {{Moveable date |holiday=Quinquagesima |year={{CURRENTYEAR}} |format=infobox |cite=y}}
|date{{NEXTYEAR}}    = {{Moveable date |holiday=Quinquagesima |year={{NEXTYEAR}} |format=infobox}}
|date{{NEXTYEAR|2}}  = {{Moveable date |holiday=Quinquagesima |year={{NEXTYEAR|2}} |format=infobox}}
|celebrations  =
|observances   =
|relatedto     = [[Pre-Lent]], [[Shrovetide]]
}}
{{Liturgical year}}

'''Quinquagesima''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|w|ɪ|ŋ|k|w|ə|ˈ|dʒ|ɛ|s|ɪ|m|ə}}), in the [[Western Christian Church]]es, is the last [[pre-Lenten]] Sunday, being the Sunday before [[Ash Wednesday]], and the first day of [[Carnival]] (also known as [[Shrovetide]]). It is also called '''Quinquagesima Sunday''', '''Quinquagesimae''', '''Estomihi''', '''Shrove Sunday''', '''Pork Sunday''', or the '''Sunday next before Lent'''.<ref name="ELCD2021">{{cite web |title=Shrovetide |url=https://www.lutheranchurch.dk/liturgy-and-worship/festivals-and-traditions/shrovetide |publisher=[[Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark]] |access-date=8 February 2021 |language=English |archive-date=24 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924153731/https://lutheranchurch.dk/liturgy-and-worship/festivals-and-traditions/shrovetide |url-status=live }}</ref>

Being the Lord's Day before the start of the Lenten season, it is known for meat consumption as people feast before starting their fast on Ash Wednesday, the first day of [[Lent]].<ref name="ELCD2021"/> Historically Lutheran countries such as Denmark mark Quinquagesima Sunday as the peak of the [[Fastelavn]].<ref name="ELCD2021"/> After attending the [[Divine Service (Lutheran)|Divine Service]] on Shrove Sunday, congregants enjoy Shrovetide buns (fastelavnsboller).<ref name="ELCD2021"/> Children often dress up and collect money from people while singing.<ref name="ELCD2021"/> Christians in these nations carry Shrovetide rods (fastelavnsris), which "branches decorated with sweets, little presents, etc., that are used to decorate the home or give to children."<ref name="ELCD2021"/>

In the [[Revised Common Lectionary]] the Sunday before Lent is designated "Transfiguration Sunday", and the gospel reading is the story of the [[Transfiguration of Jesus]] from Matthew, Mark, or Luke. Some churches whose lectionaries derive from the Revised Common Lectionary, e.g. the [[Church of England]], use these readings but do not designate the Sunday "Transfiguration Sunday".

== Etymology and date ==
The name Quinquagesima originates from [[Latin]] ''quinquagesimus'' (fiftieth). This is in reference to the fifty days before [[Easter Day]] using [[counting|inclusive counting]] which counts both Sundays (normal counting would count only one of these). Since the forty days of Lent do not include Sundays, the first day of Lent, Ash Wednesday, succeeds Quinquagesima Sunday by only three days.

The name Estomihi is derived from the [[incipit]] or opening words of the [[Introit]] for the Sunday, ''Esto mihi in Deum protectorem, et in locum refugii, ut salvum me facias'', ("Be Thou unto me a God, a Protector, and a place of refuge, to save me") Psalms 31:3<ref>{{bibleverse|Psalms|31:3|NIV}}.</ref>

The earliest Quinquagesima Sunday can occur is February 1 and the latest is March 7.

== Significance ==
=== Western Christianity ===
==== Roman Catholic Church ====
In the [[Roman Catholic Church]], the terms for this Sunday and the two immediately before it ([[Sexagesima]] and [[Septuagesima]] Sundays) were eliminated in the reforms following the [[Second Vatican Council]], and these Sundays are part of Ordinary Time.

According to the reformed Roman Rite [[Roman Catholic]] calendar, this Sunday is now known by its number within [[Ordinary Time]] — fourth through ninth, depending upon the date of [[Easter]]. The earlier form of the Roman Rite, with its references to Quinquagesima Sunday, and to the Sexagesima and Septuagesima Sundays, continues to be observed in some communities.

In traditional [[lectionaries]], the Sunday concentrates on {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=Wikisource|book=Luke|chapter=18|verse=31|range=–43}}, "Jesus took the twelve aside and said, 'Lo, we go to Jerusalem, and everything written by the prophets about the Son of Man shall be fulfilled' ... The disciples, however, understood none of this," which from verse 35 is followed by Luke's version of [[Healing the blind near Jericho]]. The passage presages the themes of Lent and Holy Week.

In most churches, palms blessed on [[Palm Sunday]] of the previous year are burned on this day after the last Mass of the day, the ashes of these burned palms are used for the liturgy of [[Ash Wednesday]].

==== Lutheran Churches ====
{{see also|List of church cantatas by liturgical occasion#Last Sunday before Lent (Estomihi)}}
In [[Lutheranism]] {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Luke|chapter=18|verse=31|range=–43}} is combined with {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=1 Corinthians|chapter=13|verse=1|range=–13}} ([[Paul the Apostle|Paul]]'s praise of love).

Composers writing cantatas for Estomihi Sunday include:
* [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]: [[BWV 22]], [[BWV 23|23]], [[BWV 127|127]] and [[BWV 159|159]] (see [[Church cantata (Bach)#Estomihi]])
* [[Christoph Graupner]]: 25 cantatas (see [[List of cantatas by Christoph Graupner#GWV 1119]])
* [[Georg Philipp Telemann]]: 21 extant cantatas,<ref>[http://www.musiqueorguequebec.ca/catal/telemann/telgp01c.html#0121 "Dimanche de la Quinquagésime (Esto mihi)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325140818/http://www.musiqueorguequebec.ca/catal/telemann/telgp01c.html#0121 |date=2016-03-25 }} section at [http://www.musiqueorguequebec.ca/catal/telemann/telgp01c.html Georg Philipp Telemann, Catalogue TWV 01: Cantates d'église, Temps du Carême et Passion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325140818/http://www.musiqueorguequebec.ca/catal/telemann/telgp01c.html |date=2016-03-25 }} ({{url|www.musiqueorguequebec.ca}})</ref> including [[TWV]] [[scores:Seele, lerne dich erkennen, TWV 1:1258 (Telemann, Georg Philipp)|1:1258]] (''[[Harmonischer Gottes-Dienst]]'').

Lutheran countries such as Denmark mark Quinquagesima Sunday as the peak of the [[Fastelavn]].<ref name="ELCD2021"/> After attending the [[Mass_(liturgy)#Lutheranism|Mass]] on Shrove Sunday, congregants enjoy Shrovetide buns (fastelavnsboller), "round sweet buns that are covered with icing and filled with cream and/or jam."<ref name="ELCD2021"/> Children often dress up and collect money from people while singing.<ref name="ELCD2021"/> They also practice the tradition of hitting a barrel, which represents fighting Satan; after doing this, children enjoy the sweets inside the barrel.<ref name="ELCD2021"/> Lutheran Christians in these nations carry Shrovetide rods (fastelavnsris), which "branches decorated with sweets, little presents, etc., that are used to decorate the home or give to children."<ref name="ELCD2021"/>

====Anglican Communion====
This Sunday has different names in the two different calendars used in the [[Church of England]]: in the ''[[Book of Common Prayer]]'' calendar (1662) this Sunday is known as ''Quinquagesima'', while in the ''[[Common Worship]]'' calendar (2000) it is known as the ''Next Sunday before Lent''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/book-common-prayer/collects-epistles-and-gospels-18 | title=The Sunday called Quinquagesima }}</ref> In this latter calendar it is part of the period of Ordinary Time that falls between the feasts of the [[Presentation of Christ in the Temple]] (the end of the [[Epiphany season]]) and [[Ash Wednesday]].

====Methodism====
In the [[United Methodist Church]] and the [[Global Methodist Church]] this Sunday is known as ''Transfiguration Sunday'' and is the last of the "Sundays after Epiphany". The liturgical color used will typically be white, and some churches may observe the practice of burning the previous year's palms to create the ashes for ''Ash Wednesday''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.umcdiscipleship.org/worship-planning | title=UMC Discipleship Ministries - Worship Planning }}</ref>

=== Eastern Christianity and Oriental Christianity ===
==== Eastern Orthodox Church ====
In the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], its equivalent, the Sunday before [[Great Lent]], is called "Forgiveness Sunday", "Maslenitsa Sunday", or "Cheesefare Sunday". The latter name comes because this Sunday concludes [[Maslenitsa]], the week in which butter and cheese may be eaten, which are prohibited during Great Lent. The former name derives from the fact that this Sunday is followed by a special Vespers called "Forgiveness Vespers" which opens [[Great Lent]].

On this day, the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] Christians at the liturgy listen to the Gospel speaking of forgiveness of sins, fasting, and the gathering of treasures in heaven. On this day, all Orthodox Christians ask each other for forgiveness to begin the [[Great Lent]] with a good heart, to focus on the spiritual life, to purify the heart from sin in confession, and to meet [[Easter]] - the day of the Resurrection of [[Jesus]] with a pure heart.
This is the last day before Lent when non-lenten food is eaten.

== See also ==
* ''[[Laskiainen]]''
* [[Three Sundays of Commemoration]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{wiktionary}}
*[http://www.lectionarycentral.com/quinquag/quinquag.html Lections and resources for Quinquagesima Sunday] at {{url|www.lectionarycentral.com}}

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{{s-other|Sundays of the [[Easter cycle]]|purple}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Sexagesima]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Quinquagesima|years={{#invoke:Easter|Calculate|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|day=Quinquagesima|format=F j, Y}}}}
{{s-aft|after=[[First Sunday of Lent]]}}
{{end}}

{{Liturgical year of the Catholic Church}}
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[[Category:Christian Sunday observances]]
[[Category:Holidays based on the date of Easter]]