Editing Quinhagak, Alaska

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Quinhagak
|native_name              = Kuinerraq
          
| native_name_lang        = esu
|settlement_type          = [[City (Alaska)|City]]
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    = 
<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline            = Sign at Quinhagak, Alaska airport (May 2011).jpg
|imagesize                = 
|image_caption            = [[Quinhagak Airport]]
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               = 
<!-- Maps -->
||pushpin_map             = Alaska
|pushpin_label_position   = left <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
|pushpin_map_caption      = Location within the state of Alaska
|pushpin_mapsize          = 
|image_map                = 
|mapsize                  = 
|map_caption              = 
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             = 
<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = [[United States]]
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Alaska]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska|Census Area]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Bethel Census Area, Alaska|Bethel]]
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name              = Jerilyn Kelly
|leader_title1            = [[Alaska Senate|State senator]]
|leader_name1             = [[Lyman Hoffman]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
|leader_title2            = [[Alaska House of Representatives|State rep.]]
|leader_name2             = [[Conrad McCormick]] (D)
|established_title        = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date         = February 13, 1975<ref>{{cite book|title=1996 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory|location=[[Juneau]]|publisher=Alaska Municipal League/[[Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development|Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs]]|date=January 1996|page=125}}</ref>

<!-- Area -->
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_02.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 29, 2021}}</ref>
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_km2           = 12.14
|area_land_km2            = 10.62
|area_water_km2           = 1.52
|area_total_sq_mi         = 4.69
|area_land_sq_mi          = 4.10
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.59

<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     = 
|population_total         = 776
|population_density_km2   = 73.07
|population_density_sq_mi = 189.27
|timezone                 = [[Alaska Time Zone|Alaska (AKST)]]
|utc_offset               = -9
|timezone_DST             = AKDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -8
|elevation_footnotes      = 
|elevation_m              = 5
|elevation_ft             = 16
|coordinates              = {{coord|59|45|12|N|161|54|10|W|region:US-AK|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 99655
|area_code                = [[Area code 907|907]]
|area_code_type           = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 02-64600
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = {{GNIS 4|1408462}} 
|website                  = 
|footnotes                = 
|pop_est_as_of            = 
|pop_est_footnotes        = 
|population_est           = 
|unit_pref                = Imperial
}}

'''Quinhagak''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|w|ɪ|n|ə|h|ɑː|k}};<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quinhagak |url=http://www.dced.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_Name=Quinhagak |work=Alaska Community Information Summaries (CIS) |access-date=November 30, 2010}}</ref> {{langx|esu|Kuinerraq}}{{r|YEKPA}}) is a city in [[Bethel Census Area, Alaska|Bethel Census Area]], [[Alaska]], [[United States]]. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population of the city is 776, up from 669 in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US0264600|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212110144/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US0264600|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 12, 2020|title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data|publisher=[[US Census Bureau]], American FactFinder|access-date=November 11, 2012}}</ref>

The [[Central Alaskan Yup'ik people|Yupik]] name for the village is ''Kuinerraq'', meaning "new river channel." It has been dated to at least 1000 AD.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=czchofMNAd0C|title=American Indian reservations and trust areas|last1=Administration|first1=United States Economic Development|last2=Commerce|first2=United States Dept of|date=January 1, 1996|publisher=Economic Development Administration, U.S. Dept. of Commerce|language=en}}</ref>

Quinhagak is near the Nunalleq archaeological site, which has "easily the largest collection of pre-contact Yup'ik material anywhere," according to anthropologist [[Rick Knecht]]. Thousands of items dating from 1350 to 1670 have been uncovered. These include many organic artifacts preserved in permafrost. The site is located along eroding coastline and up to 75% of the original site is thought to have washed away as of 2013, including the original excavation site.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.adn.com/2013/08/17/3029698/excavation-underway-of-largest.html |title=Excavation reveals largest trove of Yup'ik artifacts |first=Mike |last=Dunham |newspaper=[[Anchorage Daily News]] |date=August 17, 2013 |access-date=August 19, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818230222/http://www.adn.com/2013/08/17/3029698/excavation-underway-of-largest.html |archive-date=August 18, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://nunalleq.wordpress.com/ |title=Nunalleq 2013 official project website |access-date=August 19, 2013}}</ref>

==Geography==
Quinhagak is located at {{Coord|59.753374|-161.902701|type:city_region:US|format=dms|display=inline}}.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=April 23, 2011 |date=February 12, 2011 |title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> It is situated on the [[Kanektok River]] and near the Arolik River, approximately a mile from the [[Kuskokwim Bay]] of the [[Bering Sea]].

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|5.2|sqmi|km2}}, of which, {{convert|4.7|sqmi|km2}} of it is land and {{convert|0.6|sqmi|km2}} of it (10.86%) is water.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 83
|1890= 109
|1900= 201
|1910= 111
|1920= 193
|1930= 230
|1940= 224
|1950= 194
|1960= 228
|1970= 340
|1980= 412
|1990= 501
|2000= 555
|2010= 669
|2020= 776
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
Quinhagak has appeared under six different names on census records over the course of a century. It first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census as the unincorporated Inuit village of "Quinchahamute."<ref>{{citation |url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1880a_v1-17.pdf |author=Department of the Interior, Census Bureau |title=Statistics of the population of Alaska |work=1880 Census ― Volume 1. Statistics of the Population of the United States |location=Washington |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1883 |pages=696 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rr9RAQAAMAAJ&q=Quinhaghamiut&pg=PA49|title=Geological Survey Professional Paper|date=April 22, 1949|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|access-date=April 22, 2019|via=Google Books}}</ref> In 1890, it returned as "Quinhaghamiut."<ref>{{citation |url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1890a_v8-01.pdf |author=Department of the Interior, Census Office |title=Report on population and resources of Alaska at the Eleventh Census: 1890 |work=Eleventh Census ― Volume 8. Report on Population and Resources of Alaska |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1893 |page=6}}</ref> In 1900, it returned as "Kwiniak."<ref>{{citation |url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/33405927v1ch07.pdf |author=Census Office |title=Minor Civil Divisions ― Table 5, part 3 |work=1900 Census: Volume I. Population, Part 1 |page=426 |year=1901 |location=Washington |publisher=United States Census Office}}</ref> In 1910, it returned as "Kwinak", with the alternative spelling of "Quinhagak."<ref>{{citation |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/41033927n358-359ch10.pdf |author=Department of Commerce and Labor, U.S. Bureau of the Census |title=Supplement for Alaska |work=1910 Census: Abstract of the Census: Statistics of Population, Agriculture, Manufactures, and Mining for the United States, the States, and Principal Cities |page=574 |location=Washington |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1913}}</ref> In 1920 and 1930, it appeared exclusively under its present spelling of Quinhagak. From 1940 to 1970, it was spelled as "Kwinhagak." It was formally incorporated in 1975 with the current spelling of Quinhagak.

As of the census<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 555 people, 137 households, and 113 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|118.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 153 housing units at an average density of {{convert|32.7|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units&nbsp;|units|}}. The racial makeup of the city was 96.04% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 1.26% from two or more races, and 2.70% [[Race (United States Census)|White]]  0.72% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 137 households, out of which 50.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.8% were non-families. 12.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 1.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.05 and the average family size was 4.52.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 37.1% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 16.0% from 45 to 64, and 7.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,156, and the median income for a family was $25,313. Males had a median income of $23,750 versus $36,250 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $8,127. About 27.2% of families and 26.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 34.0% of those under age 18 and 25.0% of those age 65 or over.

==Economy==
The village hosts a [[Fishing industry|commercial fishing]] industry and fish plant (not operational since the Platinum Fish Processing Plants opening in 2010). Although a commercial fishing village, there has been no commercial fishing since the local processor, Coastal Villages Seafood/Coastal Villages Region Fund, stopped buying salmon since 2016.

Most Quinhagak households practice [[Subsistence economy|subsistence]] [[Hunter-gatherer|hunting and gathering]] in addition to any wage work they are able to find, utilizing the village's excellent location for [[salmon]] and [[trout]] fishing, bird, caribou, and moose [[hunting]], and [[berry]] picking. Much of the work available is government-funded (through the Lower Kuskokwim School District, which runs the local school, or through the Native Village of Kwinhagak).

==Education==
[[Lower Kuskokwim School District]] operates the Kuinerrarmiut Elitnaurviat School, K-12.<ref>"[http://quinhagak.lksd.org/ Home]." Kuinerrarmiut Elitnaurviat School. Retrieved on July 13, 2018.</ref>  The school has approximately 220 students enrolled with 37 staff members.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kuinerrarmiut Elitnaurviat |url=https://quinhagak.lksd.org/about/kuinerrarmiut_elitnaurviat |website=quinhagak.lksd.org |access-date=June 28, 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=YEKPA>{{cite map
 | title =Nunamta Ellamta-llu Ayuqucia
 | url =http://eloka-arctic.org/communities/yupik/atlas/index.html#eyJ0IjoieCIsImkiOiIzNjQ5YWUxNmMwNDRiMmFlNjVmZDkxY2VhNWMwZmZlOSIsInMiOjE1MTk3NjczNzk2OTN9
 | publisher = Calista Elders Council
 | access-date = February 27, 2018}}</ref>
}}

{{Bethel Census Area, Alaska}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Alaska]]
[[Category:Cities in Bethel Census Area, Alaska]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Alaska on the Pacific Ocean]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 10th century]]