Editing Qakare Ibi

{{Short description|Egyptian pharaoh}}
{{Distinguish|Qakare Ini}}
{{Infobox pharaoh
| name           = Qakare Ibi 
| alt_name       = Aba, Iby, Kakare, Kakaure, Qaikare, Qakaure
| image          = AbydosQakareIbi.jpg
| image_alt      =
| caption        = Ibi's cartouche on the [[Abydos King List|Abydos king list]]
| role           =
| reign          = Around 2 years, 1 month, and 1 day, c. 2170  – c. 2167 BC<ref name="ryholt2000">[[Kim Ryholt]]: ''The Late Old Kingdom in the Turin King-list and the Identity of Nitocris'', Zeitschrift für ägyptische, 127, 2000, p. 99</ref><ref name="encyclo"/>
| dynasty        = [[Eighth Dynasty of Egypt|8th Dynasty]]
| coregency      =
| notes          =
| prenomen       = Qakare <br />''Q3j-k3-Rˁ''<br>''Mighty is the [[Ka (Egyptian soul)|Ka]] of [[Ra]]'' <br><hiero>M23:t-L2:t-<-N5-A28-Z1-D28-></hiero> 
| prenomen_hiero =
| nomen          = Ibi<br>''jbj''<br><hiero>G39-N5-<-i-D58-i-></hiero><br>'''[[Abydos King List]]'''<br>Qai-kau-Re<br> ''Q3j-k3w-Rˁ'' <br>''Mighty is the Ka of Ra''<br><hiero><-N5-A28-D28:Z2-></hiero><br>'''[[Turin King List]]'''<br>Ibi <br>''jbj''<br><hiero><-i-D58-E8->-G7</hiero>
| nomen_hiero    = 
| horus          =
| horus_hiero    =
| horus_prefix   = <!-- Default is <hiero>G5</hiero> -->
| nebty          =
| nebty_hiero    =
| golden         =
| golden_hiero   =

| children       =
| father         =
| mother         =
| birth_date     =
| death_date     =c. 2167 BC
| burial         = Pyramid of Ibi {{coord|29|50|30|N|31|13|4|E|type:landmark_region:EG_dim:45}}
| monuments      =
|Predecessor=Possibly [[Neferkamin Anu]]|Successor=Possibly [[Neferkaure]]}}

'''Qakare Ibi''' (died {{Circa}} 2167 BC) was an [[ancient Egypt]]ian [[pharaoh|king]] during the early [[First Intermediate Period]] (2181–2055 BC) and the 14th ruler of the [[Eighth dynasty of Egypt|Eighth Dynasty]].<ref name="ryholt2000"/><ref name="encyclo"/><ref name="beck">[[Jürgen von Beckerath]]: ''Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen'', Münchner ägyptologische Studien, Heft 49, Mainz : P. von Zabern, 1999, {{ISBN|3-8053-2591-6}}, [http://www.mediafire.com/view/?4xjd6j4qed3c9vl available online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222200801/http://www.mediafire.com/view/?4xjd6j4qed3c9vl |date=2015-12-22 }} see pp. 68-69</ref> As such, Ibi's seat of power was [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]]<ref>Ian Shaw: ''The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt'', p.107, {{ISBN|978-0192804587}}</ref> and he probably did not hold power over all of Egypt. Ibi is one of the best attested kings of the Eighth Dynasty due to the discovery of his small [[pyramid]] in South [[Saqqara]].

==Attestations==
Qakare Ibi is attested on the 53rd entry of the [[Abydos King List]], a king list which was redacted some 900 years after the First Intermediate Period during the reign of [[Seti I]].<ref name="encyclo">Darrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC, Stacey International, {{ISBN|978-1-905299-37-9}}, 2008, p. 302</ref><ref name="beck1">Jürgen von Beckerath: ''The Date of the End of the Old Kingdom of Egypt'', JNES 21 (1962)</ref> According to [[Kim Ryholt]]'s latest reconstruction of the [[Turin King List|Turin canon]], another king list compiled in the [[Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Ramesside era]], Qakare Ibi is also attested there on column 5, line 10 ([[Alan H. Gardiner|Gardiner]] 4.11, [[von Beckerath]] 4.10). The Turin canon further indicates that he reigned for "2 years, 1 month and 1 day".<ref name="ryholt2000"/><ref name="encyclo"/> The only other attestion for Qakare Ibi is his pyramid in South Saqqara.

==Pyramid complex==
At Saqqara-South, Qakare Ibi was buried in a small pyramid. It was discovered by [[Karl Richard Lepsius]] in the 19th century who listed it as the number XL in his pioneering [[Lepsius list of pyramids|list of pyramids]].<ref>[[Karl Richard Lepsius]]: ''Denkmäler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien'', [http://edoc3.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/lepsius/ available online].</ref>
The pyramid was excavated from 1929 until 1931 by [[Gustave Jéquier]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

Ibi's pyramid is the last built in Saqqara, located to the northeast of [[Shepseskaf]]'s tomb and near the causeway of the [[Pyramid of Pepi II]].<ref>[http://www.ancient-egypt.org/topography/saqqara/ibi/index.html "Saqqara, City of the Dead: The Pyramid of Ibi" ''The Ancient Egypt Site''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927004426/http://www.ancient-egypt.org/topography/saqqara/ibi/index.html |date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref> It is very similar in plan, dimensions and decorations to the pyramids of the queens of [[Pepi II]], the last great pharaoh of the Old Kingdom. Consequently, it was proposed that the pyramid was originally that of [[Ankhesenpepi IV|Ankhnespepi IV]] (''ˁnḫ-n=s ppj'', "Pepi lives for her") a wife of Pepi II, and was only later appropriated by Ibi.<ref name="Stadelmann-Ibi">Rainer Stadelmann:'' The Egyptian pyramids. From brick to the wonders of the world.'' 3rd edition of Saverne, Mainz, 1997, {{ISBN|3-8053-1142-7}}, pp. 203-204.</ref> Adjacent to the pyramid is a small chapel where the funerary cult took place. No trace of a causeway nor of a valley temple has been found to this day, and it is likely that there never was any.
[[File:Qakare-Ibi-Pyramid.png|thumb|right|200px|Pyramid complex of Qakare Ibi, [[Saqqara]]]]

=== The pyramid ===
Ibi's pyramid is not oriented to any cardinal point, being rather on a northwest–southeast axis. The edifice would have been around {{convert|31.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} large and {{convert|21|m|ft|abbr=on}} high with a slope of 53°7′ at the time of its construction.<ref name="encyclo"/> The core of the pyramid was built with [[limestone]] blocks of local origin, most of which are now gone, probably reused in later constructions. As a result, the monument appears today as a {{convert|3|m|ft|abbr=on}} high heap of mud and limestone chips in the sands of Saqqara. On some of the remaining blocks, inscriptions in red ink were found mentioning a ''chief of the Libyans'', the meaning of which is unclear. It seems that even though the foundations for the outer casing of the pyramid were laid, the casing itself was never mounted.

===Internal structures===
On the north side of the edifice, Jéquier found an {{convert|8|m|ft|abbr=on}} long limestone-clad corridor leading down with an inclination of 25° to a large granite portcullis.<ref name="encyclo"/><ref name="ReferenceA">[[Gustave Jéquier]], ''La pyramide d'Aba'', 1935</ref> Behind this portcullis lay the king's burial chamber.  Both the corridor and the walls of the burial chamber were inscribed with the last known instance of the [[Pyramid Texts]].<ref name="encyclo"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/> The texts seem to have been directly inscribed for Ibi rather than appropriated by him, although the possibility of the texts being rescribed can not be ruled out. Jéquier judged the quality of the inscriptions as "very average".<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Furthermore, the placement of the [[spell (paranormal)|spells]] appears relatively indiscriminate.<ref name="Stadelmann-Ibi"/> The burial chamber's ceiling was flat and decorated with stars. It was probably made of a single {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} long block of [[Tura, Egypt|Tura]] limestone<ref name="ReferenceA"/> now missing. Today a large block of concrete protects the chamber.

On the west side of the burial chamber is a [[false door]] and a huge granite block on which once stood the [[sarcophagus]] of the king. On the east side there is a [[serdab]] for the statue of the [[Ancient Egyptian conception of the soul|Ka of the deceased]].

===Chapel===
Adjacent to the east side of the pyramid is a small mudbrick chapel which served as temple for the cult of the dead king.<ref name="encyclo"/> The entrance of the chapel is located on its north side. Inside the temple, immediately against the pyramid wall is an offering hall where Jequier found a stone washbasin as well as stele or a [[false door]] of which only the foundations remain. An [[alabaster]] tray and obsidian mortar tools were also discovered there.

The south part of the chapel is occupied by magazine rooms.

==See also==
*[[List of Egyptian pyramids]]
*[[List of megalithic sites]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* Mark Lehner.'' The secret of the pyramids of Egypt,'' Orbis, Munich 1999, {{ISBN|3-572-01039-X}}, p.&nbsp;164
* Christopher Theis:'' The Pyramids of the First Intermediate Period. After philological and archaeological sources'' (='' studies of ancient Egyptian culture.'' Vol 39, 2010). pp.&nbsp;321–339.
* Miroslav Verner.'' The Pyramids'' Universe Books, New 1998, {{ISBN|3-499-60890-1}}, pp.&nbsp;415–416.

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef
| before = Possibly [[Neferkamin Anu]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Pharaoh|King of Egypt]]
| years = c. 2170  – c. 2167 BC
}}
{{s-aft
| after = Possibly [[Neferkaure]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Pharaohs}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Qakare Ibi}}
[[Category:22nd-century BC pharaohs]]
[[Category:Pharaohs of the Eighth Dynasty of Egypt]]
[[Category:Pyramids of the Eighth Dynasty of Egypt]]
[[Category:Saqqara]]
[[Category:3rd-millennium BC births]]
[[Category:22nd-century BC deaths]]