Editing Putnam County, New York

{{Short description|County in New York, United States}}
{{Distinguish|Putnam, New York}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox U.S. county
| county           = Putnam County
| state            = New York
| type             = [[List of counties in New York|County]]
| ex image         = Sugarloaf Hill Hudson Highlands from Bear Mountain Bridge.JPG
| ex image cap     = [[Sugarloaf Hill (Putnam County, New York)|Sugarloaf Hill]] in the [[Hudson Highlands]]
| ex image size    = 250px
| seal             = Putnam County ny seal.jpg
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| leader_title     = [[County executive]]
| leader_name      = [[Kevin Byrne (New York politician)|Kevin M. Byrne]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]])
| founded          = {{start date and age|1812}}{{r|n="Sullivan1927p494"}}
| seat             = [[Carmel, New York|Carmel]]
| largest city     = Carmel
| city type        = town
| area_total_sq_mi = 246
| area_land_sq_mi  = 230
| area_water_sq_mi = 16
| area percentage  = 6.5
| census yr        = 2020
| pop              = 97668<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Population%20Total&g=0400000US36%240500000&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29|access-date=January 2, 2022|title=US Census 2020 Population Dataset Tables for New York|publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref>
| density_sq_mi    = 424.2
| flag             = Flag of Putnam County, New York.jpg
| web              = www.putnamcountyny.com
| district         = 17th
| time zone        = Eastern
| named for        = [[Israel Putnam]]
}}
{{maplink|frame=yes|zoom=8|id=Q115266|type=shape|text=Interactive map of Putnam County, New York}}
[[File:Israel putnam portrait.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Israel Putnam]], Major General in the American Revolution and the county's namesake]]

'''Putnam County''' is a [[County (New York)|county]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[New York (state)|New York]]. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 97,668.<ref name="QF">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Putnam County, New York|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/putnamcountynewyork/PST120221|access-date=January 2, 2022|publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> The [[county seat]] is [[Carmel (hamlet), New York|Carmel]],<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> within one of the county's six towns. The county is part of the [[Hudson Valley]] region of the state.

Putnam County is bordered by [[Dutchess County]] to the north, [[Connecticut]] and its county of [[Fairfield County, Connecticut|Fairfield]] to the east,  [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester County]] to the south, and the [[Hudson River]] and [[Orange County, New York|Orange County]] to the west. [[Midtown Manhattan]] is around a one-hour drive,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://as0.mta.info/mnr/schedules/sched_form.cfm |title=Schedules & Fares |publisher=Metro North Railroad |access-date=August 19, 2014}}</ref> and the county is included in the [[New York City|New York]]–[[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]]–[[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]], NY–[[New Jersey|NJ]]–[[Pennsylvania|PA]] [[New York metropolitan area|Metropolitan Statistical Area]].

Putnam County was formed in 1812 from Dutchess County and is named for [[Israel Putnam]], a hero in the [[French and Indian War]] and a general in the [[American Revolutionary War]].

It is one of the most affluent counties in America, ranked 21st by [[Highest-income counties in the United States|median household income]], and 43rd by [[List of United States counties by per capita income|per-capita income]], according to the 2012 [[American Community Survey]] and [[List of United States counties by per capita income|2009–2013 American Community Survey]], respectively.

==History==
[[File:Map of Philipse Patent (showing the Oblong and Gore).png|thumb|250px|Map of [[Philipse Patent]] (showing the [[The Oblong|Oblong and Gore]])]]
In 1609, the [[Wappinger]] Native American people inhabited the east bank of the [[Hudson River]]. They farmed, hunted, and fished throughout their range, often encountering [[Dutch people|Dutch]] fur traders. They obtained metal tools and goods such as alcohol and firearms in exchange for furs.<ref name="disc1" /><ref name="history">{{cite web |title=History of the native Americans in Putnam County |year=2008 |publisher=Mahopac Library |access-date=January 29, 2008 |url=http://www.mahopaclibrary.org/localhistory/addendum.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927212443/http://www.mahopaclibrary.org/localhistory/addendum.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref>

The colonial [[Province of New York]] and the [[Connecticut Colony]] negotiated an agreement on November 28, 1683, establishing their border as {{convert|20|mi|km}} east of the Hudson River, and north to Massachusetts. [[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess]] county was organized as one of New York's twelve counties. It included all of today's Putnam County and two towns in the present [[Columbia County, New York|Columbia]] county. Until 1713, Dutchess was administered by [[Ulster County, New York|Ulster]] county.<ref name="disc1">{{cite web|author=Putnamcountyny|title=Putnam County history|year=2007|publisher=Putnamcountyny|access-date=January 13, 2008|url=http://www.putnamcountyny.com/historian/aboutpc.htm#0 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080316122830/http://www.putnamcountyny.com/historian/aboutpc.htm#0|archive-date = March 16, 2008}}</ref>

In 1691, a group of Dutch traders purchased a tract of land from the Wappingers that spanned from the Hudson River to the Connecticut border. Six years later they sold it to wealthy Dutch-American merchant [[Adolphus Philipse]], who obtained a Royal sanction for a "Highland Patent" (later to be known as the [[Philipse Patent]]) that encompassed most of today's Putnam County.<ref name="disc1"/><ref name="history"/> Unknown at that time was a northwest veer in the river's path at the [[Hudson Highlands]]. This generated a dispute over a roughly 2-mile-wide section of border between northern [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester County]], then-Dutchess County, and the Connecticut Colony, which came to be known as "[[The Oblong]]".<ref name=Puthist>http://www.putnamcountyny.com/countyhistorian/putnams-past A BRIEF HISTORY OF PUTNAM COUNTY</ref><ref name="rootsweb.ancestry.com">[http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nyputnam/history/chapVIII/index.htm NYGenWeb Putnam County, NY - History, Chap VIII, "The Oblong"]. Rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved on July 26, 2013.</ref>

In 1737, the New York Colonial Assembly designated the Philipse Patent as the South Precinct of Dutchess County. The Philipses began leasing farms to migrants from [[Massachusetts]], [[Connecticut]], [[Long Island]], and lower Westchester. After Adolph Philipse's death, the Patent was divided in 1754 into nine lots granted to three heirs: Mary Philipse, Philip Philipse, and Susannah Philipse Robinson. During the [[French and Indian War]], many of the Wappinger went to [[Stockbridge, Massachusetts]].<ref name="disc1"/><ref name="history" />

Compared to other parts of the [[Hudson Valley]], Putnam County had slow settlement. It was privately owned and settlement was limited to tenant farmers willing to pay the Philipse family for leases. Secondly, it was mostly hilly and rocky, making it unappealing to men looking for tillable cropland. Its use was generally limited to dairy farming and wood cutting. The first non-tenant settlers in the county were along its eastern edge. The ambiguous border with Connecticut attracted farmers from New England. They assumed that Philipse did not own the disputed area.

[[File:Ludington statue 800.jpg|thumb|250px|Statue of [[Sybil Ludington]], Revolutionary War heroine, in Carmel]]

Among early settlers were the Hayt family, which built a farm called The Elm in 1720.<ref>[http://www.historicpatterson.org/Exhibits/ExhMiscellaneous.php Patterson Through the Years]. Historicpatterson.org. Retrieved on July 26, 2013.</ref> Jacob Haviland settled in the Oblong in 1731 in what became known as Haviland Hollow.<ref>[http://www.historicpatterson.org/Exhibits/ExhHavilandHollow.php Haviland Hollow]. Historicpatterson.org. Retrieved on July 26, 2013.</ref> The first village in the county was Fredericksburg, now the hamlet of Patterson.<ref>1765 map of Putnam County at http://www.hyzercreek.com/1765map.JPG</ref>

[[File:LowsCTmap.jpeg|thumb|250px|A 1799 map of Connecticut which shows [[The Oblong]]. From ''[[Low's Encyclopaedia]]'']]

During the [[American Revolution]], the Philipses stayed loyal to the Crown. As a consequence, their lands were confiscated by the New York government. It sold the Philipse Patent along with the rest of their holdings. The dispute over The Oblong was resolved in the aftermath of the war, with the heavily settled tract being incorporated as the first of two versions of the Town of Southeast. Also resolved were two "Gores", the Beekman Gore and the Rombout Gore, which being geographically similar to the [[Livingston Patent|Livingston]] and [[Beekman Patent|Beekman]] patents they abutted, were ceded by the Philipses to Dutchess County in 1758 and 1771 respectively.<ref>[http://genealogytrails.com/ny/dutchess/history/chapter3.html Historical and Genealogical Record Dutchess and Putnam Counties New York, Press of the A. V. Haight Co., Poughkeepsie, New York, 1912]</ref><ref>Pellitreau, ''History of Putnam County'', p. 87</ref>

Due to the increasing population of the Southern Precinct of Dutchess County and the great distance of these communities from the county seat in [[Poughkeepsie (city), New York|Poughkeepsie]],<ref name=Puthist/> Putnam was split from Dutchess in 1812{{r|n="Sullivan1927p494"}} and organized as an independent county.<ref name="disc1" /><ref name="Putnam">{{cite web|author=GenWeb|title=Putnam County|year=2006|publisher=Rootsweb|access-date=January 27, 2008|url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~nyputnam/}}</ref> It encompassed all of the Philipse Patent and the Oblong abutting it, less a triangular area in the farthest northwest reach of the Patent. There, a lowland near [[Fishkill Creek]] isolated from the rest of Putnam County and its adjacent upland drainage leading into the Hudson Highlands to the south, were ceded to Dutchess.

Putnam travelers mostly used boats and ships along the Hudson River. Boats transporting goods traveled up the Hudson to ports, mainly at [[Peekskill, New York]]. They were transported by road into Putnam County, or goods were unloaded in Putnam County at [[Cold Spring, New York]].<ref name="disc1" /> Such transport suffered in winter, when the river froze. At that time, little food or goods could be shipped to the county.

The Philipstown Turnpike was created in 1815 as a [[toll road]] from Cold Spring to Connecticut. The wagons that traveled the road would transport produce from eastern Putnam County and [[iron ore]] from the mines. The route of the turnpike can roughly be traced today: Rt 301 from Cold Spring to Farmers Mills Road, to White Pond Road to Pecksville, then Holmes Rd to Patterson, then Quaker Hill Rd to Connecticut.<ref name="disc1" /> Transportation improved with the advent of the railroad, namely the Harlem Line, which was built in the 1840s, connecting Putnam by rail to New York City. Originally there were four stations on the Harlem line in Putnam County: [[Brewster station|Brewster]], [[Dykeman's station|Dykeman's]], [[Towner's station|Towner's]], and [[Patterson station (Metro-North)|Patterson]]. Today only the Brewster and Patterson stops remain; a new one called Southeast was added in modern times.

Putnam County played an important role in the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. One third of the county's men between the ages of 15 and 55 served in the military during the war years.<ref name="disc1" /> During the post-Civil War years, industry and agriculture suffered losses as the economy contracted. Iron, which was produced in the Highland Mountains, could be found elsewhere. Agriculture was also affected greatly. The increasing need for drinking water in New York City led the city to search for sources in the Hudson Valley. In Putnam County, much of the farmland was flooded to create reservoirs as part of New York City's [[Croton Watershed]]. The abandoning of farms, the creation of reservoirs, and the preservation of the remaining open land resulted in scenic lands that drew large amounts of tourism from New York City.<ref name="disc1" />

By the 20th century, improved roads brought vacationers from New York City. The [[Taconic State Parkway]] was constructed during the [[Great Depression]] as one of numerous infrastructure projects in the state and country. This brought more vacationers from the city, who were attracted to the scenic lands and the inexpensive hotels, inns, and summer houses. Putnam County's population doubled during the summer months.<ref name="disc1" />

After World War II, Putnam County became an [[exurb]] of New York City. Rapid residential development occurred and the county became a [[bedroom community]]. However, the prevalent rocky uplands and protection of Putnam county's reservoirs inherently limited development, as much of the land in the county is close to wetlands or reservoirs.<ref name="disc1" />

==Government and politics==
[[File:New Putnam County Courthouse April 2012.jpg|thumb|250px|The new Putnam County Courthouse in Carmel]]
[[File:PC Courthouse 800.jpg|thumb|250px|The Historic Putnam County Courthouse (1814) in Carmel]]
Governmental operations in Putnam County are set forth in the County Charter, which was approved by the voters of the County in November 1977.

The law-making and policy-making body of the county is an elected nine-member County Legislature. County laws, policies and regulations are administered on behalf of the County Legislature by an elected County Executive.

The current County Executive is [[Republican Party United States|Republican]] [[Kevin Byrne (New York politician)|Kevin M. Byrne]] (R) After serving the state of New York for 6 years as the Assemblyman of the 94th district, he won the Republican nomination for Putnam County Executive and then went unopposed in the general election.

Prior to the Charter form of government, the county's affairs were governed by a Board of Supervisors, with one Supervisor from each of the county's six towns having an equal vote. Since the towns had varying populations and such variance violated the principle of "[[one man, one vote]]", a system of weighted voting among the Board of Supervisors was implemented, but proved to be unwieldy. It was this imbalance which, among others factors, inspired the reorganization of County government under a charter form.

===County Legislature===
The current members of the county legislature for the 2025 session include 8 Republicans and 1 Democrat:<ref>{{cite web |title=Putnam Count Legislature |url=https://www.putnamcountyny.com/legislature |website=Putnam County, NY |access-date=June 28, 2023}}</ref>
* {{Party shading/Democratic/block}} District 1 - Nancy Montgomery (D)
* {{Party shading/Republican/block}} District 2 - William Gouldman (R)
* {{Party shading/Republican/block}} District 3 - Toni Addonizio (R)
* {{Party shading/Republican/block}} District 4 - Laura Russo (R)
* {{Party shading/Republican/block}} District 5 - Greg Ellner (R)
* {{Party shading/Republican/block}} District 6 - Paul Jonke (R), Chair
* {{Party shading/Republican/block}} District 7 - Daniel G. Birmingham (R)
* {{Party shading/Republican/block}} District 8 - Amy Sayegh (R), Deputy Chair
* {{Party shading/Republican/block}} District 9 - Erin L. Crowley (R)

County Legislators are elected to three-year terms. Each single-member district contains approximately 10,500 people. Any person elected to the County Legislature on or after February 1, 2014, is limited to four three-year terms in office (without taking into account any previous terms held by such person prior to February 1, 2014). Legislative terms are staggered so that one-third of the members of the County Legislature is elected each year.

{| class=wikitable
|+ '''Chairs of the County Legislature'''
|- valign=bottom
! Chair !! Party !! Years
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | Ethel Forkell*
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 1979
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | [[Robert Bondi|Robert J. Bondi]]
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 1980–1981
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | Raymond M. Maguire
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 1982–1983
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | Kevin L. Wright
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 1984–1985
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | Joseph G. Hickey
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 1986–1989
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| nowrap | [[Jim Gordon (sportscaster)|Jim Gordon]]
| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| 1990–1993
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | William R. Bell
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 1994–1996
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | Arne Nordstrom
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 1997
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | Michael K. Semo Jr.
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 1998
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | Tony Hay
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 1999
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | Arne Nordstrom
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 2000
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | Robert J. Pozzi
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 2001–2002
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | Robert McGuigan Jr.
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 2003–2005
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | Daniel G. Birmingham
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 2006–2007
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | Tony Hay
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 2008–2009
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | Vincent M. Tamagna
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 2010–2011
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | Mary F. Conklin
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 2012
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | Richard T. Othmer Jr.
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 2013
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | Carl L. Albano
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 2014–2015
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | Ginny Nacerino
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 2016–2017
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | Joseph Castellano
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 2018–2019
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | Toni Addonizio
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 2020–2021
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | Neal Sullivan
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 2022
|- {{Party shading/Republican}}
| nowrap | Paul Jonke
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 2023–Present
|}
* * The County Charter took effect on January 1, 1979, and the County Legislature was established on that day. The County Board of Supervisors was dissolved on the previous day and members of the County Legislature for the year 1979 were the supervisors of each of the six towns. Ethel Forkell was Supervisor of the Town of Kent and was elected by her colleagues as the first Chair of the County Legislature.

===County Executives===
The county has had six County Executives:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Party
! Term
|- {{party shading/Democratic}}
| David D. Bruen
| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| January 1, 1979 – December 31, 1986
|- {{party shading/Republican}}
| Peter C. Alexanderson
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| January 1, 1987 – December 31, 1990
|- {{party shading/Republican}}
| Robert Bondi|Robert J. Bondi
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| January 1, 1991 – December 31, 2010
|- {{party shading/Independent (United States)}}
| Paul J. Eldridge<ref name="disc5">{{cite web|title=County Executive's Office|year=2011|publisher=Putnam County, New York|access-date=January 24, 2011|url=http://www.putnamcountyny.com/countyexecutive/ceo.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128023944/http://putnamcountyny.com/countyexecutive/ceo.htm|archive-date=November 28, 2010}}</ref>
| [[Independent Party (United States)|Independent]]
| January 1, 2011 – November 11, 2011
|- {{party shading/Republican}}
| MaryEllen Odell
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| November 11, 2011 – December 31, 2022
|- {{party shading/Republican}}
| [[Kevin Byrne (New York politician)|Kevin M. Byrne]]
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| January 1, 2023 – present
|- {{party shading/Republican}}
|}

===County Courts===
There are three types of general trial courts in Putnam County: the [[New York Supreme Court]], the County Court and the Justice Courts. The Supreme Court is the trial level court of the [[New York State Unified Court System]], which presents some confusion as the Supreme Court is the highest court of appeals in the federal system as well as in most states, whereas the Court of Appeals is the highest court in New York. The [[New York Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] has broad authority over all categories of cases, both civil and criminal. Generally the Supreme Court in Putnam hears civil cases involving claims in excess of $25,000. While the Supreme Court has [[jurisdiction]] over criminal cases in most counties this is handled by the County Courts. In Putnam, however, the Supreme Court does exercise jurisdiction over some criminal cases.<ref name="disc7">{{cite web|author=New York State united court system|title=Courts in Putnam county|year=2007|publisher=New York State united court system|access-date=January 13, 2008|url=http://www.courts.state.ny.us/courts/9jd/Putnam/supremecounty.shtml|archive-date=January 11, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111095035/http://www.courts.state.ny.us/courts/9jd/Putnam/supremecounty.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[New York Supreme Court|County Court]] is authorized to hear all criminal cases that have occurred in the county as well as limited jurisdiction over civil cases. The County Court handles felony cases exclusively and shares jurisdiction with the town and village justice courts on misdemeanor cases and other minor offenses and violations. The County Court's jurisdiction on civil cases is limited to those involving less than $25,000.<ref name="disc7" />

The Historic Putnam County Courthouse is located in the town of Carmel.<ref name="disc7" /> Built in 1814 in Greek Revival style, it is the second oldest working courthouse in New York, second to the one in [[Johnstown (city), New York|Johnstown]]. Portico and pillars were added to the structure in the 1840s. It was recently extensively remodeled to preserve the structure and adapt it for use as the Surrogate's Court.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.visitputnam.org/historic/carmel.html |title=Putnam County Visitors' Bureau |access-date=February 5, 2008 |archive-date=March 16, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080316103113/http://www.visitputnam.org/historic/carmel.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The new Putnam County Courthouse opened on January 2, 2008. It was constructed at a cost of $22.8 million. Jury assembly, court clerks and a public law library are located on the first floor. The second floor includes a Family Court and hearing room. On all floors are judges' chambers, jury deliberation rooms, prisoner cells and conference rooms. The third floor has two courtrooms for the County Court. The Supreme Court and a law library occupy the fourth floor.<ref>[http://lohud.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071229/NEWS04/712290359 "Putnam's $22.8M courthouse to open Wednesday," by Susan Elan, ''The Journal News'', December 29, 2007 ]</ref>

===Law enforcement===
Law enforcement is providing by the following departments:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Local Law Enforcement|url=http://www.putnamcountyny.com/district-attorneys-office/local-law-enforcement/|access-date=January 28, 2021|website=Putnam County Online|language=en-US}}</ref>

* State-side: [[New York State Police#Troops|K Troop]], [[New York State Police]] (Zone 2, based on [[New York State Route 22|Route 22]], at the Brewster Barracks<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Emergency Services|url=https://www.pattersonny.org/Emergency.php|access-date=January 28, 2021|website=www.pattersonny.org}}</ref>)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Troop Location Information|url=https://troopers.ny.gov/troop-location-information|access-date=January 28, 2021|website=New York State Police|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Troop K|url=https://troopers.ny.gov/location/troop-k|access-date=January 28, 2021|website=New York State Police|language=en}}</ref>
* County-side: [[Putnam County Sheriff's Department]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Putnam County Sheriff's Department {{!}} Sheriff Kevin McConville |url=https://www.putnamsheriff.com/ |access-date=January 28, 2021 |website=www.putnamsheriff.com |language=en}}</ref>
* Town/Village-side:<ref name=":0" /> [[Philipstown, New York|Philipstown]]: ([[Village of Cold Spring Police Department]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Police Department {{!}} Cold Spring, NY|url=https://www.coldspringny.gov/police-department|access-date=January 28, 2021|website=www.coldspringny.gov}}</ref>), [[Southeast, New York|Southeast]]: ([[Village of Brewster Police Department]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brewster Police Department|url=http://brewstervillage-ny.gov/index.php/government/brewster-police-department|access-date=January 28, 2021|website=brewstervillage-ny.gov}}</ref>), [[Town of Carmel Police Department (New York)|Town of Carmel Police Department]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Police Department {{!}} Carmel NY|url=https://www.ci.carmel.ny.us/police-department|access-date=January 28, 2021|website=www.ci.carmel.ny.us}}</ref> [[Town of Kent Police Department]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Police Department {{!}} Kent NY|url=https://www.townofkentny.gov/police-department|access-date=January 28, 2021|website=www.townofkentny.gov}}</ref> and the Putnam County Probation Department.<ref name=":0" />
The Putnam County Sheriff's Office includes a Civil Bureau, patrol division, a marine unit, a motorcycle unit, a school resource unit, and a narcotics enforcement unit.<ref name=":0" />

===County Sheriff===
The current Sheriff, Kevin McConville ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]) was elected on November 3, 2021. The Sheriff's Department includes a Civil Bureau, patrol division, a marine unit, a motorcycle unit, a school resource unit, and a narcotics enforcement unit.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 2, 2021|title=Putnam County Election 2021: McConville Ousts Langley|url=https://patch.com/new-york/southeast/putnam-county-election-2021-polls-close|access-date=November 3, 2021|website=Southeast-Brewster, NY Patch|language=en}}</ref>

===State and national government===
{{PresHead|place=Putnam County, New York|source=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=October 24, 2018}}</ref>}}
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{{PresRow|2020|Republican|29,277|24,949|885|New York}}
{{PresRow|2016|Republican|27,024|19,366|2,173|New York}}
{{PresRow|2012|Republican|24,083|19,512|750|New York}}
{{PresRow|2008|Republican|25,145|21,613|486|New York}}
{{PresRow|2004|Republican|26,356|19,575|640|New York}}
{{PresRow|2000|Republican|21,853|18,525|2,176|New York}}
{{PresRow|1996|Republican|17,452|16,173|4,807|New York}}
{{PresRow|1992|Republican|18,934|14,048|8,281|New York}}
{{PresRow|1988|Republican|24,086|12,158|256|New York}}
{{PresRow|1984|Republican|25,707|9,473|97|New York}}
{{PresRow|1980|Republican|20,193|8,691|2,935|New York}}
{{PresRow|1976|Republican|18,523|11,963|225|New York}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|21,673|7,747|77|New York}}
{{PresRow|1968|Republican|13,293|8,472|2,549|New York}}
{{PresRow|1964|Democratic|9,219|12,636|24|New York}}
{{PresRow|1960|Republican|11,946|8,013|28|New York}}
{{PresRow|1956|Republican|12,898|4,694|0|New York}}
{{PresRow|1952|Republican|11,038|5,001|58|New York}}
{{PresRow|1948|Republican|8,222|4,012|643|New York}}
{{PresRow|1944|Republican|7,010|4,251|33|New York}}
{{PresRow|1940|Republican|7,164|4,794|39|New York}}
{{PresRow|1936|Republican|5,761|4,682|190|New York}}
{{PresRow|1932|Republican|4,633|3,730|149|New York}}
{{PresRow|1928|Republican|4,534|2,278|169|New York}}
{{PresRow|1924|Republican|3,796|1,472|337|New York}}
{{PresRow|1920|Republican|3,447|1,405|59|New York}}
{{PresRow|1916|Republican|1,717|1,290|23|New York}}
{{PresRow|1912|Democratic|1,267|1,321|624|New York}}
{{PresRow|1908|Republican|2,275|1,369|104|New York}}
{{PresRow|1904|Republican|2,316|1,395|59|New York}}
{{PresRow|1900|Republican|2,219|1,345|67|New York}}
{{PresRow|1896|Republican|2,364|1,027|104|New York}}
{{PresRow|1892|Republican|1,846|1,549|214|New York}}
{{PresRow|1888|Republican|2,098|1,515|109|New York}}
{{PresRow|1884|Republican|2,103|1,526|93|New York}}
|}
Putnam County is part of the 94th State Assembly District (Towns of Carmel, Patterson, Putnam Valley and Southeast), represented by [[Matt Slater (politician)|Matt Slater]] (R),<ref>{{cite web|title=Assemblyman Kevin M. Byrne Assembly District 94|url=http://nyassembly.gov/mem/Kevin-M-Byrne/map/|website=New York State Assembly|access-date=January 1, 2018}}</ref> and the 95th State Assembly District (Towns of Kent and Phillipstown), represented by [[Dana Levenberg]] (D).<ref>{{cite web|title=Assemblywoman Sandy Galef Assembly District 95|url=http://nyassembly.gov/mem/Sandy-Galef/map/|website=New York State Assembly|access-date=January 1, 2018}}</ref>

Putnam County is part of the 40th State Senate District (Towns of Carmel, Patterson, and Southeast), represented by [[Peter Harckham]] (D),<ref>{{cite web|title=New York State Senator Peter Harckham|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/district/40|website=The New York State Senate|publisher=New York State Senate|access-date=June 17, 2019}}</ref> and the 41st State Senate District (Towns of Kent, Phillipstown and Putnam Valley), represented by Democrat [[Michelle Hinchey]].

Putnam County is located in the [[New York's 17th congressional district|17th congressional district]] and has been represented by Republican [[Mike Lawler]] since 2023.

Putnam County has voted consistently for [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] presidential candidates, largely bucking the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] trend in the New York City suburbs. From 1828 to 1868, Putnam was a Democratic stronghold, but since 1872, the only Democratic presidential nominees to carry Putnam County have been [[Woodrow Wilson]] [[1912 United States presidential election in New York|in 1912]] and [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] [[1964 United States presidential election in New York|in 1964]].<ref>[http://www.uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/comparemaps.php?year=2008&fips=36&f=1&off=0&elect=0 David Leip's Presidential Atlas (Historical election maps for New York)]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/26/nyregion/putnam-county-republican-election.html|title=Amid New York's Blue Wave, a Republican County Resists|author=Tyler Pager|date=November 26, 2018|access-date=December 2, 2020|work=New York Times}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Carver Bridge.jpg|thumb|250px|The county is covered in natural lakes, streams, and reservoirs. Here [[New York State Route 301|NY 301]] crosses over [[West Branch Reservoir]] in Carmel]]
According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the county has a total area of {{convert|246|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|230|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|16|sqmi}} (6.5%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_36.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 6, 2015|date=August 22, 2012|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519062322/http://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_36.txt|archive-date=May 19, 2014}}</ref>

Putnam County is situated in the lower [[Hudson Valley]] in the southeastern part of New York, between the [[Hudson River]] on its west and the [[New York (state)|New York]]-[[Connecticut]] border on its east.
Putnam is southeast of [[Newburgh (city), New York|Newburgh]], and it is north of [[White Plains, New York|White Plains]]. Depending on precise location within the county, road travel distance to [[New York City]] ranges between {{convert|45|and|65|mi|km}}.

The terrain of the county is generally hilly. The region of the county nearest the Hudson River is especially so, and is part of the [[Hudson Highlands]]. The highest point in Putnam County is Scofield Ridge, with four summits at approximately {{convert|1,540|ft|m}} above sea level. The lowest point is sea level along the Hudson.<ref name="disc3">{{cite web|author=United States Geological Survey|title=Scofield Ridge|year=2007|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=January 15, 2008|url=http://www.topozone.com/map.asp?lat=41.4818&lon=-73.93885&size=l&u=4&datum=nad83&layer=DRG}}</ref>
The Hudson River, named for [[Henry Hudson]], has provided transportation of goods from New York City, north to the Hudson Valley, throughout history.<ref name="disc1" /> Between the hills and [[glacial moraine]], Putnam County's valleys contain numerous wetlands (including part of the [[Great Swamp (New York)|Great Swamp]]), creeks, ponds, lakes (including the 583 acre [[Lake Mahopac]], and reservoirs.

===Reservoirs===
[[File:East Branch Reservoir.jpg|thumb|250px|[[East Branch Reservoir]] in the town of Southeast]]
[[File: Carmel NY.png|thumb|250px|[[Carmel Hamlet, New York|Carmel Hamlet]] seen from [[Lake Gleneida]], a [[Controlled lake#New York City watershed|controlled lake]]]]
Putnam County is known for its many pristine reservoirs, part of the [[New York City water supply system#Reservoirs and aqueducts|New York City water supply system's]] [[Croton Watershed]].<ref name="disc4">{{cite web|title=NYC Department of Environmental Protection|year=2008|publisher=NYC Department of Environmental Protection|access-date=January 13, 2008|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/watershed_protection/html/reservoirs.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071020172533/http://nyc.gov/html/dep/html/watershed_protection/html/reservoirs.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = October 20, 2007}}</ref> These include [[Bog Brook Reservoir|Bog Brook]] in Southeast; [[Croton Falls Reservoir]] in Carmel and Southeast; [[Diverting Reservoir]] in Southeast; [[East Branch Reservoir|East Branch]] in Brewster; [[Middle Branch Reservoir]] in Southeast; [[West Branch Reservoir|West Branch]] in Kent and Carmel, and [[Boyds Corner Reservoir]] in Kent.<ref name="disc4" /> There are also three [[Controlled lake#New York City watershed|controlled lakes]] in the system in the town of Carmel, [[Kirk Lake (New York)|Kirk]], [[Lake Gilead|Gilead]], and [[Lake Gleneida|Gleneida]].

===Adjacent counties===
* [[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess County]] (north)
* [[Fairfield County, Connecticut]] (east)
* [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester County]] (south)
* [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland County]] (southwest)
* [[Orange County, New York|Orange County]] (west)

===Climate===
The climate of Putnam County is [[humid continental climate|humid continental]], as is most of New York.<ref name="climate">{{cite web|author=Cornell Cooperative Extension|title=Climate of New York|year=2007|publisher=Cornell Cooperative Extension|access-date=January 30, 2008|url=http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html}}</ref> In the winter, bouts of cold, dry air arrive from Canada, and interior sections of North America.<ref name="climate" /> In the summer, the [[Gulf Stream]] brings hot, moist, humid air to the county.<ref name="climate"/> Extratropical storms often affect the county; in the winter, [[Nor'easter]]s bring heavy snow and rain, and sometimes high wind. In the summer and fall, [[back door cold fronts]] move in from the north and bring thunderstorms, sometimes severe.<ref name="climate" /> Putnam County receives on average 36 inches of snowfall a year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usa.com/putnam-county-ny-weather.htm#HistoricalSnow |access-date=March 15, 2020|website=usa.com|title=Putnam County, NY Weather}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="font-size: 100%; margin-left:1em"|
| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#E8EAFA;"|Monthly Normal High and Low Temperatures For Carmel, New York on the top and average monthly precipitation in inches on the lower section.
|-
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000; height:15px;"| City
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Jan
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Feb
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Mar
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Apr
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| May
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Jun
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Jul
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Aug
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Sep
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Oct
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Nov
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Dec
|-
! style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:14px;"| Carmel
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 33/16
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 38/19
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 48/27
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 60/37
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 71/48
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 78/57
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 82/62
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 81/60
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 74/53
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 62/42
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 49/32
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 38/22
|
|-
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000; height:15px;"| City
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Jan
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Feb
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Mar
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Apr
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| May
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Jun
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Jul
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Aug
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Sep
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Oct
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Nov
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Dec
|-
! style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:14px;"| Carmel
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 3.58"
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 3.10"
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 4.06"
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 4.44"
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 4.33"
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 4.11"
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 5.07"
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 4.09"
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 4.72"
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 4.12"
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 4.42"
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 3.86"
|-
| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;background:#E8EAFA;"|''<ref name="weather">{{cite web|author=Weather.com|title=Averages and records for Carmel, New York|year=2007|access-date=January 29, 2008|url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/homeandgarden/garden/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USNY0218?from=search}}</ref>''
|}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1820= 11268
|1830= 12628
|1840= 12825
|1850= 14138
|1860= 14002
|1870= 15420
|1880= 15181
|1890= 14849
|1900= 13787
|1910= 14665
|1920= 10802
|1930= 13744
|1940= 16555
|1950= 20307
|1960= 31722
|1970= 56696
|1980= 77193
|1990= 83941
|2000= 95745
|2010= 99710
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/putnamcountynewyorkl|title=2020 Censes Population Results|access-date=November 4, 2021}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 6, 2015}}</ref><br />1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=January 6, 2015}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ny190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 6, 2015}}</ref><br />1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 6, 2015}}</ref> 2010-2013<ref name="QF"/><br />2010 and 2020<ref name=":2"/>
|2020=97668}}

According to the 2020 Census, there were 97,668 people and 38,713 households in the county, with 2.76 persons per household. The population density was {{convert|432.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. 50.1% of the population was female. The racial makeup of the county was 77.1% [[Race (United States Census)|White alone, not Hispanic or Latino]], 3.9% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.5% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 2.3% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.1% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 3.0% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], 1.8% from two or more races and 16.4% [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race. 12.9% of the population was foreign born.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=April 1, 2020|title=QuickFacts: Putnam County, New York|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/putnamcountynewyork/POP010220#POP010220|access-date=November 4, 2021|website=United States Census Bureau}}</ref>

4.5% of the population was under the age of 5, 19.4% under the age of 18, and 18.0% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.4 years.<ref name=":2" />

The median income for a household in the county was $104,486, and the per capita income was $47,448. 5.2% of the population was in poverty.<ref name=":2" />

93% of the population at least 25 years old had a high school degree or higher, and 39.6% had a bachelor's degree or higher.<ref name=":2" />

There were 38,713 housing units, 81.8% of which were owner occupied.<ref name=":2" /> As of Q4 2021, the median value of all homes in Putnam County was $419,890, an increase of 12.1% from the prior year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=County Median Home Price |url=https://www.nar.realtor/research-and-statistics/housing-statistics/county-median-home-prices-and-monthly-mortgage-payment |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220415015215/https://www.nar.realtor/research-and-statistics/housing-statistics/county-median-home-prices-and-monthly-mortgage-payment |archive-date=April 15, 2022 |access-date=April 14, 2022 |website=National Association of Realtors|date=January 4, 2019 }}</ref>

===2020 Census===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Putnam County Racial Composition<ref>{{Cite web|title =P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Putnam County, New York|url= https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Putnam%20County,%20New%20York&t=Race%20and%20Ethnicity&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2}}</ref>
!Race
!Num.
!Perc.
|-
|[[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (NH)
|71,942
|73.66%
|-
|[[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]] (NH)
|2,425
|2.5%
|-
|[[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]] (NH)
|80
|0.1%
|-
|[[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]] (NH)
|2,146
|2.2%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]] (NH)
|12
|0.01%
|-
|[[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]] (NH)
|3,303
|3.4%
|-
|[[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]]
|17,760
|18.2%
|}

==Education==
The county has the following public school districts:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st36_ny/schooldistrict_maps/c36079_putnam/DC20SD_C36079.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Putnam County, NY|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=July 18, 2022}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st36_ny/schooldistrict_maps/c36079_putnam/DC20SD_C36079_SD2MS.txt See text list]</ref>
* [[Brewster Central School District]]
* [[Carmel Central School District]]
* [[Garrison Union Free School District]]
* [[Haldane Central School District]]
* [[Lakeland Central School District]]
* [[Mahopac Central School District]]
* [[North Salem Central School District]]
* [[Pawling Central School District]]
* [[Putnam Valley Central School District]]

Mahopac is the largest school district in Putnam County,{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} educating more than 5,000 students in four elementary schools, a middle school, and a high school (1600 students).<ref>[http://www.mahopac.k12.ny.us/do/profile/] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029004947/http://www.mahopac.k12.ny.us/do/profile/|date=October 29, 2014}}</ref>

[[Saint Basil Academy (Garrison, New York)|Saint Basil Academy]], a private boarding facility, functioned as a private school with in-house instruction until 1997.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fuchs|first=Marek|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/02/nyregion/communities-home-for-the-troubled-at-odds-with-a-school.html|title=COMMUNITIES; Home for the Troubled At Odds With a School|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 2, 2003|accessdate=July 5, 2022}}</ref>

The library system consists of eight libraries; the [[Brewster Public Library]] in Brewster; the Kent Public Library in Kent; the [[Reed Memorial Library]] in Carmel; the [[Julia L. Butterfield Memorial Library]] in Cold Spring; the Alice Curtis Desmond and Hamilton Fish Library in Garrison; the Mahopac Public Library in Mahopac; the Patterson Library in Patterson, and the Putnam Valley Free Library in Putnam Valley.<ref>[http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/libdev/libs/publibs/3mh.htm#079 Mid-Hudson Library System<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

{{As of|2022}} [[SUNY Westchester Community College]] holds some general education classes at [[Mahopac High School]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sunywcc.edu/locations/mahopac/|title=Mahopac|publisher=[[SUNY Westchester Community College]]|accessdate=July 18, 2022}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
Putnam County was provided with the majority of its electricity by the nuclear [[Indian Point Energy Center]] in Westchester County until April 30, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/at_a_glance/reactors/in_point.html |title=US Nuclear Plants - Indian Point<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=February 1, 2008 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120527055707/http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/at_a_glance/reactors/in_point.html |archive-date=May 27, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Water is supplied from wells, lakes, or the [[Hudson River]].{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

The Putnam Hospital Center, located in Carmel, serves the eastern county.<ref>[http://www.putnamhospital.org/foundation/ Putnam Hospital Center<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Western Putnam County is mainly served by hospitals in Dutchess or Westchester counties.

==Transportation==
[[File:Brewster train station.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Brewster, New York|Brewster]] train station]]
The county has several passenger trains that serve the county. The [[Harlem Line]] and the [[Hudson Line (Metro-North)|Hudson Line]] of the [[Metro-North Railroad]] run north–south in Putnam. The Harlem Line makes stops at [[Brewster (Metro-North station)|Brewster]], [[Southeast (Metro-North station)|Southeast]], and [[Patterson (Metro-North station)|Patterson]]. The Hudson Line makes stops at [[Manitou (Metro-North station)|Manitou]], [[Garrison (Metro-North station)|Garrison]], [[Cold Spring (Metro-North station)|Cold Spring]], and [[Breakneck Ridge (Metro-North station)|Breakneck Ridge]].<ref name="disc8">{{cite web|title=Metro North railroad|year=2008|publisher=Metro North Railroad|access-date=January 14, 2008|url=http://web.mta.info/mnr/html/mnrmap.htm}}</ref> A connection to [[Amtrak]] can be made to the south at [[Croton-Harmon (Metro-North station)|Croton-Harmon]] in upper [[Westchester County]] or to the north at [[Poughkeepsie (Metro-North station)|Poughkeepsie]] in [[Dutchess County]], both on the Hudson Line. Grand Central Terminal in Manhattan is roughly a one-hour train ride.

Until May 1958, a third commuter line, the [[New York Central]]'s [[New York and Putnam Railroad|Putnam Division]], operating between the Bronx and points in the county, served the region. With no direct connection to Grand Central Terminal (a transfer was required in the Bronx), ridership on the line was weak compared to its counterparts. Freight service was also scant. The line was eventually abandoned in waves between 1962 and 1980. The former railbed has been converted to trails, and now serves as the [[South County Trailway]], [[North County Trailway]], and [[Putnam County Trailway]] [[rail trails]].

[[Putnam Transit]], operated by the county, provides local public transportation.

In contrast to the surrounding counties, Putnam has no [[airport]].

===Major roadways===
[[File:NY 312 at Tilly Foster Farm.jpg|250px|thumb|Route 312 along Tilly Foster Farm in [[Southeast, New York|Southeast]]]]
Putnam has two interstate highways. The east–west [[Interstate 84 in New York|Interstate 84]] comes in from the north near Ludingtonville, and connects to the southbound [[Interstate 684]] in Southeast toward the Connecticut border.<ref name="disc9">{{cite web|title=Interstate 84|year=2008|publisher=NYC roads|access-date=January 14, 2008|url=http://www.nycroads.com/roads/I-84_NY/}}</ref> The [[Taconic State Parkway]] runs north–south through central Putnam.<ref name="disc10">{{cite web|title=Taconic state parkway|year=2008|publisher=NYC roads|access-date=January 14, 2008|url=http://www.nycroads.com/roads/taconic/}}</ref> Three of the region's major east–west routes traverse the eastern half of the county. [[New York State Route 52|NY 52]] enters alongside I-84 from Dutchess County, to end at [[U.S. Route 6 in New York|US 6]] south of Carmel. East of Brewster, [[US 6]] joins [[U.S. Route 202|US 202]] and the routes leave the county and state concurrently aside the interstate.<ref name="disc11">{{cite web|author=Mapquest|title=map of Putnam county|year=2008|publisher=Mapquest|access-date=January 14, 2008|url=http://www.mapquest.com/maps/map.adp?searchtype=address&country=US&addtohistory=&searchtab=home&formtype=address&popflag=0&latitude=&longitude=&name=&phone=&level=&cat=&address=&city=Carmel&state=NY&zipcode=}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* {{jct|state=NY|I|84}}
* {{jct|state=NY|I|684}}
* {{jct|state=NY|US|6}}
* {{jct|state=NY|US|9}}
* {{jct|state=NY|US|202}}
* {{jct|state=NY|NY|6N}}
* {{jct|state=NY|NY|9D}}
* {{jct|state=NY|NY|22}}
* {{jct|state=NY|NY|52}}
* {{jct|state=NY|NY|118}}
* {{jct|state=NY|NY|121}}
* {{jct|state=NY|NY|164}}
* {{jct|state=NY|NY|292}}
* {{jct|state=NY|NY|301}}
* {{jct|state=NY|NY|311}}
* {{jct|state=NY|NY|312}}
* {{jct|state=NY|NY|403}}
* {{jct|state=NY|Parkway|Taconic}}
{{div col end}}

==Points of interest==
[[File:Chuang Yen Monastery 2004.jpeg|thumb|250px|The [[Chuang Yen Monastery|Chuang Yen Monastery (莊嚴寺)]], in [[Kent, New York|Kent]], houses the largest indoor statue of Buddha in the Western Hemisphere.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roadsideamerica.com/tip/23174|title=Largest Indoor Buddha in the Western Hemisphere|publisher=RoadsideAmerica.com|access-date=October 27, 2015}}</ref>]]
[[Chuang yen monastery|Chuang Yen Monastery]], located in Kent, is home to the largest indoor Buddha statue in the Western Hemisphere. It has the only library in the United States specializing in Buddhist history.<ref name="disc26">{{cite web|author=Putnam County visitors bureau|title=Points of interest|year=2007|publisher=Putnam County visitors bureau|access-date=January 16, 2008|url=http://www.visitputnam.org/historic/kent.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080121093014/http://www.visitputnam.org/historic/kent.html|archive-date=January 21, 2008}}</ref>

[[Clarence Fahnestock State Park]] is a {{convert|14,000|acre|km2|adj=on}} natural area containing over 50 miles of trails for walking and hiking, including nine miles of the Appalachian Trail.<ref name="disc22" /> [[Donald J. Trump State Park]] (currently closed) is a {{convert|436|acre|km2|adj=on}} park located in Putnam and Westchester counties.<ref name="disc27">{{cite web|author=Journal News|title=Donald J. Trump comes to Putnam county|year=2006|publisher=New York New Jersey Trail Conference|access-date=January 16, 2008|url=http://www.nynjtc.org/externalnews/2006/trump2.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105075428/http://www.nynjtc.org/externalnews/2006/trump2.html|archive-date=January 5, 2008}}</ref> A small ski resort, [[Thunder Ridge Ski Area]], with 30 trails and three lifts is located in the town of Patterson.<ref name="disc28">{{cite web|author=Thunder Ridge ski homepage|title=Thunder Ridge Ski area|year=2007|publisher=Thunder Ridge Ski area|access-date=January 16, 2008|url=http://www.thunderridgeski.com/}}</ref>

==Media==
''[[The Journal News]]'' serves the region known as the [[Lower Hudson Valley]], which comprises [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester County]], [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland County]], and Putnam County. ''The Journal News'' is owned by [[Gannett|Gannett Company, Inc.]] Before Gannett merged its local dailies into the ''Journal News'', Putnam County was served by an edition of the ''Reporter Dispatch''.

Putnam County newsreaders were served for generations by the ''Putnam County News and Recorder'', formerly an independently owned newspaper devoted to local affairs. The oversized broadsheet – measuring seventeen by twenty inches – was first published in Cold Spring as ''The Recorder'' in 1866.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Putnam County News & Recorder, Our History|url=http://www.pcnr.com/common/Misc/The_Putnam_County_News__Recorder_Our_History.html|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218212126/http://www.pcnr.com/common/Misc/The_Putnam_County_News__Recorder_Our_History.html|archive-date=February 18, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> In July 2008, the local ownership sold the paper to [[Roger Ailes]], chairman of [[Fox News]], who named his wife Elizabeth as the new publisher. The paper altered its editorial content substantially, generating local controversy.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=Boyer |first1=Peter J. |year=2011 |title=Fox Among the Chickens |magazine=The New Yorker |publisher=Condé Nast |issue=January 31, 2011 |pages=52–61 |url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/01/31/110131fa_fact_boyer |access-date=June 25, 2011 }}</ref> In 2009 the Ailes family also purchased the ''Putnam County Courier'', when it was shut down by [[Journal Register Co.]] (The first issue after publication resumed listed Roger Ailes as owner and chairman, but Elizabeth Ailes has since been identified as the owner). ''The Courier'' was first established as the ''Putnam County Democrat'' in 1841. Under Ailes ownership, the ''Courier'' closed its Carmel office. The ''News and Recorder'' remained a full broadsheet, with a 17-inch-wide front page, until 2017. Both newspapers are now standard-sized broadsheets. The two newspapers share an editor and many of the same stories appear in both. Douglas Cunningham, editor-in-chief of the ''Courier'' and ''News and Recorder'' since 2011, purchased the two papers from the Ailes in December 2016 and became publisher.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Reiner|first1=Dan|title=Ailes family sells Putnam newspapers|url=http://www.lohud.com/story/news/local/putnam/2016/12/13/ailes-sells-putnam-papers/95397948/|website=lohud|publisher=www.lohud.com|access-date=January 1, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.putnamcountycourier.com/news/2016-12-15/Front_Page/Courier_PCNR_Under_New_Ownership.html|title=Courier, PCNR Under New Ownership|website=The Putnam County Courier|publisher=The Putnam County Courier, LLC|access-date=December 15, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220140120/http://www.putnamcountycourier.com/news/2016-12-15/Front_Page/Courier_PCNR_Under_New_Ownership.html|archive-date=December 20, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Two other weeklies are the ''Putnam County Times'' (historically ''Times & Republican'') and ''Putnam County Press'', virtually identical except that the former is distributed free. Both have been owned since 1958 by Don Hall. Hall and Roger Ailes, though both Republicans, are bitter rivals. Hall had long derided Ailes as a part-time resident. When Ailes faced harassment allegations, leading to his ouster from ''Fox News'', his Putnam County connection contributed to his being featured on the front pages of the ''Times'' and ''Press''.

In 2010, Gordon Stewart, a businessman living in Garrison, launched a news website to compete with the Ailes-owned ''PCNR'' called Philipstown.info. In 2012 a print version was launched called ''The Paper''. Shortly Stewart's death in 2014, the publication became a nonprofit led by a board of directors. It changed its name in 2016 to ''The Highlands Current'' to reflect its coverage of neighboring Beacon.

==Communities==
There are six towns and three incorporated villages in Putnam County. There are no cities:

===Towns===
====Carmel====
{{main|Carmel, New York}}
[[File:Downtown Carmel, NY.jpg|250px|thumb|Downtown [[Carmel Hamlet, New York|Carmel]]]]

Carmel is the largest town of Putnam County, with a population of 33,576.<ref name="disc13">{{cite web|author=U.S. Census Bureau|title=Demographics of Carmel New York|year=2010|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=January 14, 2008|url=https://www.census.gov}}</ref> The Town of [[Carmel, New York|Carmel]] includes the hamlets of the county seat [[Carmel Hamlet|Carmel]], Carmel Hills, Field Corners, Hopkins Corners, [[Mahopac, New York|Mahopac]], [[Mahopac Falls, New York|Mahopac Falls]], Secor Corners, Tilly Foster, and West Mahopac. Carmel is along the southern border of Putnam County.

Carmel is known for its historic courthouse and high school, which serves grades 9–12.<ref name="disc14">{{cite web|title=Carmel High School|year=2007|publisher=Carmel High School|access-date=January 15, 2008|url=http://www.ccsd.k12.ny.us/chs/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080101093948/http://www.ccsd.k12.ny.us/chs/|archive-date=January 1, 2008}}</ref> Carmel was taken in 1795 from Frederickstown, a town which encompassed the present towns of Kent, Patterson, and Carmel.<ref name="disc15">{{cite web|title=Putnam County history|year=2007|publisher=Rootsweb|access-date=January 15, 2008|url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~nyputnam/putnam1841.html}}</ref>

====Kent====
{{main|Kent, New York}}
[[File:Canopus Lake, Fahnestock State Park, NY.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Canopus Lake]] in [[Clarence Fahnestock Memorial State Park]], lying in part in Kent]]
[[Kent, New York|Kent]] is a town located along the northern border of Putnam with a population of 12,900.<ref name="disc16">{{cite web|author=U.S. Census bureau|year=2006|title=Population of Kent|publisher=U.S. Census bureau|access-date=January 15, 2008|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=ChangeGeoContext&geo_id=06000US3607939331&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=Kent&_cityTown=Kent&_state=&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=population_0&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212051837/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=ChangeGeoContext&geo_id=06000US3607939331&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=Kent&_cityTown=Kent&_state=&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=population_0&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null:null&_keyword=&_industry=|archive-date=February 12, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Coles Mills, New York|Coles Mills]] was settled in 1747 at the outlet of Barrett Pond into the West Branch of the [[Croton River]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://hyzercreek.com/cole.htm | title=Search }}</ref> Kent contains the hamlets of [[Lake Carmel, New York|Lake Carmel]], Kent Corners, Kent Hills, and Ludingtonville. Kent was the last remaining section of Frederickstown, after the towns of Carmel and Patterson were divided from it in 1795. Frederickstown was founded in 1788.<ref name="disc15" />

====Patterson====
{{main|Patterson, New York}}
[[File:Patterson Cemetery 2004.JPG|thumb|250px|A church in [[Patterson, New York|Patterson]]]]
The Town of Patterson is located in the northeast area of Putnam County and has a population of 11,541.<ref name="disc18">{{cite web|author=U.S. census bureau|title=Population of Patterson|year=2006|publisher=U.S. Census bureau|access-date=January 15, 2008|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=ChangeGeoContext&geo_id=06000US3607956748&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=Patterson&_cityTown=Patterson&_state=&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=population_0&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212045504/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=ChangeGeoContext&geo_id=06000US3607956748&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=Patterson&_cityTown=Patterson&_state=&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=population_0&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null:null&_keyword=&_industry=|archive-date=February 12, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Patterson, originally named Franklin, was divided from the former town of Frederickstown, in 1795.<ref name="disc15" /> Patterson contains the hamlets of Patterson, Barnum Corners, Camp Brady, Fields Corners, Haines Corners, Haviland Hollow, [[Putnam Lake, New York|Putnam Lake]], Steinbeck Corners, Towners, and West Patterson.

====Philipstown====
{{main|Philipstown, New York}}
[[File:Main Street, Cold Spring NY.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Cold Spring, New York|Cold Spring]]'s Main Street, part of the [[Cold Spring Historic District|federally recognized]] [[historic district]] in the village within the town of [[Philipstown, New York|Philipstown]]]]
Philipstown is a town located along the western end of Putnam County and it has a population of 9,831.<ref name="disc17">{{cite web|author=U.S. Census bureau|title=Population of Philipstown|year=2006|publisher=U.S. Census bureau|access-date=January 15, 2008|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=Search&_name=philipstown&_state=&_county=philipstown&_cityTown=philipstown&_zip=&_sse=on&_lang=en&pctxt=fph|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212050656/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=Search&_name=philipstown&_state=&_county=philipstown&_cityTown=philipstown&_zip=&_sse=on&_lang=en&pctxt=fph|archive-date=February 12, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Philipstown contains the villages and hamlets of [[Cold Spring, New York|Cold Spring]], Forsonville, [[Garrison, New York|Garrison]], Garrison Four Corners, Glenclyffe, Manitou, McKeel Corners, [[Nelsonville, New York|Nelsonville]], [[North Highlands, New York|North Highlands]], Storm King, and the north side of Continental Village. It was founded in 1788.<ref name="disc15" /> [[West Point, New York|West Point]] (in [[Orange County, New York|Orange County]]) is located across the Hudson River from the village of Cold Spring.<ref name="disc15" />
It has three stations on the Metro North Railroad Hudson line: in Garrison, Cold Spring and Manitou, which has limited train service.

Two public libraries are located in Philipstown: the Desmond-Fish Library in Garrison and the Julia L. Butterfield Library in Cold Spring.

====Putnam Valley====
{{main|Putnam Valley, New York}}
Putnam Valley is a town located on the southern border of Putnam County with a population of 11,762.<ref name="disc21">{{cite web|author=U.S. Census bureau|title=Population of Putnam Valley|year=2006|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=January 15, 2008|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=Search&_name=Putnam+Valley&_state=&_county=Putnam+Valley&_cityTown=Putnam+Valley&_zip=&_sse=on&_lang=en&pctxt=fph|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212211019/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=Search&_name=Putnam+Valley&_state=&_county=Putnam+Valley&_cityTown=Putnam+Valley&_zip=&_sse=on&_lang=en&pctxt=fph|archive-date=February 12, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is the third largest town in the county. Putnam Valley contains the hamlets of Adams Corners, Christian Corners, Gilbert Corners, Lake Peekskill, Oscawana Corners, Putnam Valley, Tompkins Corners, Sunnybrook.

Putnam Valley was created in 1835 as the Town Of Quincy, taking its current name the following year. The town was created by splitting off from Philipstown. Putnam Valley is home to the [[Clarence Fahnestock State Park]], which covers much of Putnam County and some of Dutchess County.<ref name="disc22">{{cite web|author=New York State Park Authority|title=Fahnestalk state park|year=2007|publisher=New York State park authority|access-date=January 15, 2008|url=http://nysparks.state.ny.us/parks/info.asp?parkID=129|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924013441/http://www.nysparks.state.ny.us/parks/info.asp?parkID=129|archive-date=September 24, 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Southeast====
{{main|Southeast, New York}}
The Town of Southeast is located in the southeastern corner of Putnam County, with a population of 18,058.<ref name="disc19">{{cite web|author=U.S. Census bureau|title=Population of Southeast|year=2006|publisher=U.S. Census bureau|access-date=January 15, 2008|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=ChangeGeoContext&geo_id=06000US3607968924&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=southeast&_cityTown=southeast&_state=&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=population_0&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212052056/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=ChangeGeoContext&geo_id=06000US3607968924&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=southeast&_cityTown=southeast&_state=&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=population_0&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null:null&_keyword=&_industry=|archive-date=February 12, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was founded in 1788 as one of the three original towns in what would later become Putnam County.<ref name="disc20">{{cite web|title=Town of Southeast|year=2007|publisher=Town of Southeast, New York|access-date=January 15, 2008|url=http://www.townofsoutheast-ny.com/Public_Documents/SoutheastNY_WebDocs/about|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071107233820/http://www.townofsoutheast-ny.com/Public_Documents/SoutheastNY_WebDocs/about|archive-date=November 7, 2007}}</ref> Its shape changed greatly in 1795, when it lost its northern half to Patterson and gained a great amount on its western side.

It is the second-largest town in Putnam County, second only to Carmel.<ref name="disc20" /> The crossroads of Interstate highways 684 and 84; State Routes 22 and 312; and US Highways 6 and 202 are located here. Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line has two stops that service the area, at Brewster Village and Southeast Station (formerly Brewster North) off Route 312.<ref name="disc20" /> Southeast contains the village of [[Brewster, New York|Brewster]], and the hamlets of [[Brewster Hill, New York|Brewster Hill]], [[Brewster Heights, New York|Brewster Heights]], Deans Corners, DeForest Corners, Drewville Heights, [[Dykemans, New York|Dykemans]], [[Milltown, New York|Milltown]], [[Peach Lake, New York|Peach Lake]], Sears Corners, and [[Sodom, New York|Sodom]].

===Villages===
====Brewster====
{{main|Brewster, New York}}

[[Brewster, New York|Brewster]] is an incorporated village within the Town of Southeast.

====Cold Spring====
{{main|Cold Spring, New York}}

[[Cold Spring, New York|Cold Spring]] is an incorporated village within Town of Philipstown and the village of Nelsonville.

====Nelsonville====
{{main|Nelsonville, New York}}

[[Nelsonville, New York|Nelsonville]] is an incorporated village within the Town of Philipstown and the village of Cold Spring.

===Census-designated places===
* [[Brewster Heights, New York|Brewster Heights]]
* [[Brewster Hill, New York|Brewster Hill]]
* [[Carmel (hamlet), New York|Carmel]]
* [[Lake Carmel, New York|Lake Carmel]]
* [[Mahopac, New York|Mahopac]]
* [[Peach Lake, New York|Peach Lake]] (shared with Westchester County)
* [[Putnam Lake, New York|Putnam Lake]]

===Other hamlets===
* [[Dykemans, New York|Dykemans]]
* [[Farmers Mills, Putnam County, New York|Farmers Mills]]
* [[Garrison, New York|Garrison]]
* [[Gayville, Putnam County, New York|Gayville]]
* [[Lake Peekskill, New York|Lake Peekskill]]
* [[Ludingtonville, New York|Ludingtonville]]
* [[Milltown, New York|Milltown]]
* [[Sodom, New York|Sodom]]
* [[Tompkins Corners, New York|Tompkins Corners]]

===Ghost towns===
* [[Coles Mills, New York|Coles Mills]]
* [[Dicktown, New York|Dicktown]]
* [[Doanesburgh, New York|Doanesburgh]]
* [[Towners, New York|Towners]]

==See also==
{{Portal|New York (state)}}
* ''[[The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee]]''
* [[Downstate New York]]
* [[Hudson Valley]]
* [[List of counties in New York]]
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Putnam County, New York]]
* [[New York metropolitan area]]
* [[Putnam Transit]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
 {{r|n="Sullivan1927p494"|r={{cite Q|Q114149636|mode=cs1|p=494|chapter=Chapter XI. Putnam County.
 |editor=Sullivan, James
 |editor2=Williams, Melvin E.
 |editor3=Conklin, Edwin P.
 |editor4=Fitzpatrick, Benedict
 }}}}
}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|last=Blake|first=William J.|title=The history of Putnam County, N.Y.: with an enumeration of its towns, villages, rivers, creeks, lakes, ponds, mountains, hills, and geological features; local traditions; and short biographical sketches of early settlers, etc.|publication-place=New York|publisher=Baker & Scribner|year=1849|lccn=01014232|hdl=loc.gdc/scd0001.00141082280|url=http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gdc/scd0001.00141082280}}
* {{cite Q|Q114149636|mode=cs1|p=493-97|chapter=Chapter XI. Putnam County.
 |editor=Sullivan, James
 |editor2=Williams, Melvin E.
 |editor3=Conklin, Edwin P.
 |editor4=Fitzpatrick, Benedict
 }}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Putnam County (New York)}}
* [http://www.putnamcountyny.com Putnam County, New York site]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060214164959/http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ny/state/his/bk3/ch11.html Summary early history of Putnam County]
* [https://www.highlandscurrent.org The Highlands Current (newspaper)]
* [http://coldspringny.info Cold Spring Visitor Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109185702/http://coldspringny.info/ |date=January 9, 2014 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091016202558/http://fishkillcreekwatershed.org/ Fishkill Creek Watershed Committee]
* [http://www.SoutheastMuseum.org Southeast Museum Brewster, NY]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090322205328/http://www.friendsoftillyfoster.org/ Friends of Tilly Foster, Southeast NY]
* [http://www.HistoricPatterson.org Historic Patterson, the History of the Town of Patterson, Putnam County, NY]
* [http://dfl.highlands.com Desmond-Fish Library, Garrison, Putnam County, NY] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100505124743/http://dfl.highlands.com/ |date=May 5, 2010 }}
* [http://manitouschool.org/ The Manitou School, Garrison]
* [http://www.hudsonvalleydirectory.com/putnam ''Hudson Valley Directory''], listings pertaining to Putnam County, New York

{{Geographic Location
|Centre    = Putnam County, New York
|North     = [[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess County]]
|Northeast =
|East      = [[Northwest Hills Planning Region, Connecticut]]
|Southeast =
|South     = [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester County]]
|Southwest = [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland County]]
|West      = [[Orange County, New York|Orange County]]
|Northwest =
}}
{{Putnam County, New York}}
{{Hudson Valley navigation}}
{{New York}}
{{New York metropolitan area}}
{{Authority control}}
{{coord|41.43|-73.75|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-NY_source:UScensus1990}}

[[Category:Putnam County, New York| ]]
[[Category:Hudson Valley]]
[[Category:1812 establishments in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Counties in the New York metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1812]]