Editing Ptolemy Philadelphus (son of Cleopatra)

{{Short description|King of Syria from 34 to 30 BC}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Ptolemy Philadelphus
| succession   = King of [[Syria]]
| reign        = 34-30 BC<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sampson |first=Gareth C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-joTEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA271 |title=Rome and Parthia: Empires at War: Ventidius, Antony and the Second Romano-Parthian War, 40-20 BC |date=2020-08-05 |publisher=Pen and Sword Military |isbn=978-1-5267-1016-1 |pages=271 |language=en}}</ref>
| coronation   = 34 BC at the [[Donations of Alexandria]]
| birth_date   = August/September 36 BC <!-- {{birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->
| birth_place  = [[Antioch]], [[Syria (Roman province)#Syria in antiquity|Syria]]<br />(modern-day [[Antakya]], [[Hatay Province|Hatay]], [[Turkey]])
| death_date   = 29 BC (speculation)<!-- (aged about 6 or 7 -->
| dynasty      = [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]]
| father       = [[Mark Antony]]
| mother       = [[Cleopatra VII Philopator]]
}}
'''Ptolemy Philadelphus''' ({{langx|el|Πτολεμαῖος ὁ Φιλάδελφος}}, ''Ptolemaios Philadelphos,'' "Ptolemy the brother-loving", August/September 36 BC – 29 BC) was a [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] prince and was the youngest and fourth<ref>The Life of Rome's First Emperor: Augustus, [[Anthony Everitt]], p. 157</ref> child of Greek Ptolemaic Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt, and her third with [[Roman Republic|Roman]] Triumvir [[Mark Antony]].

==Biography==
===Early life and reign===
Ptolemy Philadelphus was of Greek and Roman heritage. His father [[Mark Antony]] summoned [[Cleopatra]] to a summit near [[Antioch]], [[Syria (Roman province)#Syria in antiquity|Syria]] (now a part of modern [[Turkey]]) in a place Plutarch locates as being situated between [[Beirut]] and [[Sidon]], called Light, an unwalled village.<ref>[[Plutarch]], ''Antony'' 51.2.</ref> If Plutarch is to be believed, Ptolemy Philadelphus was conceived during this meeting between roughly November and December 37 BC. [[William Woodthorpe Tarn]] believed his birth (presumably in [[Alexandria]], [[Egypt]]) was between August–September 36 BC.<ref>[[Cassius Dio]], ''Roman History'' 49.32.4-5. This cited passage only reports the birth not the location.</ref><ref>W W Tarn, Journal of Roman Studies, 1932, 135-160.</ref>

Ptolemy Philadelphus was named after the original [[Ptolemy II Philadelphus]] (the second [[Pharaoh]] of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]) and Cleopatra's intention was recreating the former Ptolemaic Kingdom, which she herself received from Antony in the Donations of Antioch in 36 BC at this time with full approval from Octavian.<ref>Strootman, Rolf, 2010, ''Queen of Kings: Cleopatra VII and the Donations of Alexandria'', pp 139-158 in: M Facella and T Kaizer editors, ''Kingdoms and Principalities in the Roman Near East'', Occidens et Oriens 19, Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart.</ref> Two years later in late 34 BC, at the [[Donations of Alexandria]], part of her kingdom was granted to Ptolemy Philadelphus making him ruler of [[Syria]], [[Phoenicia]] and [[Cilicia]].<ref>[[Plutarch]], ''Antony'' 54.6-9; Cassius Dio, ''Roman History'' 49.41.1-3; [[Livy]], ''periochae'' 131.</ref>

Having approved of Antony's planned reorganization of the East in 36 BC, by 34 BC, their political situations had evolved and [[Octavian]] then used with potency the [[Donations of Alexandria]] in his propaganda war against Antony. Ultimately, the parents of Ptolemy Philadelphus were defeated by Caesar Octavian (future Emperor [[Augustus]]) during the naval battle at [[Actium]], [[Greece]] in 31 BC. The next year, his parents committed [[suicide]] as Octavian's legions invaded Egypt.  Their tombs have never been found or mentioned, and some ancient sources mention they might have escaped Octavian and fled to the way of India through Red sea where [[Caesarion]] was also possibly sent.

===Capture and fate===
Octavian took him and his elder siblings [[Alexander Helios]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] from Egypt to [[Roman Italy]] (''Italia''). Octavian celebrated his military triumph by parading the three orphans in heavy golden chains in the streets of [[Rome]]. The chains were so heavy that they could not walk, prompting reactions of sympathy from the Romans.<ref>Cassius Dio, ''Roman History'' 51.21.8 (who only says that Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene participated in the triumph, but does not mention Ptolemy Philadelphus).</ref> Octavian gave these siblings to [[Octavia Minor]], his second-eldest sister who was their father's former wife.<ref>Plutarch, Antony 87.1; Cassius Dio, ''Roman History'' 51.15.6; [[Suetonius]], ''Augustus'' 17.5</ref>

The fate of Ptolemy Philadelphus is unknown. [[Plutarch]] states that the only child that Octavian killed out of Antony's children was [[Marcus Antonius Antyllus]], but the ancient sources make no mention of him after being taken to Rome with his surviving siblings. His sister Cleopatra Selene survived to adulthood and was married to [[Juba II|Juba of Mauretania]], a client king of the Roman empire. Through her, the Ptolemaic line intermarried back into the Roman nobility for many generations. The only further mention of Alexander Helios and Ptolemy Philadelphus comes from Cassius Dio, who states that when their sister, Cleopatra Selene II, married King [[Juba II]] [25 BC], Octavian (by then named Augustus) spared the lives of Alexander Helios and Ptolemy Philadelphus as a favor to the couple.<ref>Cassius Dio li. 15.6; compare Plutarch, ''Antony'' 87.1-2</ref> If Ptolemy Philadelphus survived to adulthood, proof of his survival has not been found. Roller speculates that he may have died from illness in the winter of 29 BC.<ref name=Roller84>Roller, Duane W. (2003) ''The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene'' "Routledge (UK)". p. 84. {{ISBN|0-415-30596-9}}.</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Asia}}
*[[List of people who disappeared mysteriously: pre-1910|List of people who disappeared]]
*[[List of Syrian monarchs]]
*[[Timeline of Syrian history]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|1}}

==Sources==
*Plutarch's [[Parallel Lives|Antony]]
*{{cite web|url=http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/Egypt/ptolemies/philadelphus.htm|title=Ptolemy Philadelphus|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060828150533/http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/Egypt/ptolemies/philadelphus.htm|archivedate=2006-08-28}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080410155632/http://www.lunalucifera.com/Mauretania/index.html Cleopatra Selene II and Juba II]

{{Hellenistic rulers}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Philadelphus, Ptolemy}}
[[Category:1st-century BC Egyptian people]]
[[Category:Kings of Syria]]
[[Category:1st-century BC monarchs in the Middle East]]
[[Category:29 BC deaths]]
[[Category:36 BC births]]
[[Category:Children of Cleopatra]]
[[Category:Children of Mark Antony]]
[[Category:People from Antioch]]
[[Category:Ptolemaic dynasty]]
[[Category:Year of death uncertain]]
[[Category:Sons of queens regnant]]