Editing Prostatitis

{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = Prostatitis
| synonyms        = Prostatosis
| image           = Inflammation of prostate.jpg
| caption         = [[Micrograph]] showing an [[inflammation|inflamed]] prostate gland, the [[histology|histologic]] correlate of prostatitis.  A normal non-inflamed prostatic gland is seen on the left of the image. [[H&E stain]].
| pronounce       =
| field           = [[Urology]]
| symptoms        =
| complications   =
| onset           =
| duration        =
| types           =
| causes          =
| risks           =
| diagnosis       =
| differential    =
| prevention      =
| treatment       =
| medication      =
| prognosis       =
| frequency       =
| deaths          =
}}
'''Prostatitis''' is an umbrella term for a variety of medical conditions that incorporate bacterial and non-bacterial origin illnesses in the pelvic region. In contrast with the plain meaning of the word (which means "inflammation of the prostate"), the diagnosis may not always include [[inflammation]]. Prostatitis is classified into acute, chronic, [[asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis]], and [[chronic pelvic pain syndrome]].

In the [[United States]], prostatitis is diagnosed in 8% of all male [[urologist]] visits and 1% of all [[primary care physician]] visits for male genitourinary symptoms.<ref name="pmid9507840">{{cite journal |vauthors=Collins MM, Stafford RS, O'Leary MP, Barry MJ |title=How common is prostatitis? A national survey of physician visits |journal=J. Urol. |volume=159 |issue=4 |pages=1224–8 |year=1998 |pmid=9507840| doi = 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)63564-X}}</ref>

==Classification==
The term ''prostatitis'' refers to inflammation of the tissue of the [[prostate gland]]. It may occur as an appropriate physiological response to an infection, or it may occur in the absence of infection, or there may be no inflammation of the prostate at all.<ref>{{Cite journal|author-link1=Roger Kirby|last1=Kirby|first1=Roger|author-link2=Culley C. Carson III|last2=Carson|first2=Culley C.|date=January–February 2015|title=Editor's Comment on Diagnosis and treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome|journal=Trends in Urology and Men's Health|volume=6|issue=1|pages=17|doi=10.1002/tre.434|doi-access=free}}</ref>

In 1999, the [[National Institutes of Health]] devised a new classification system.<ref name="pmid10422990">{{cite journal |vauthors=Krieger JN, Nyberg L, Nickel JC |title=NIH consensus definition and classification of prostatitis |journal=JAMA |volume=282 |issue=3 |pages=236–7 |date=July 1999 |pmid=10422990 |doi= 10.1001/jama.282.3.236}}</ref><ref name="Nickel1999">{{cite book|author=J. Curtis Nickel|title=Textbook of prostatitis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YiZz_xDk7rkC&pg=PA27|access-date=18 April 2010|year=1999|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-901865-04-2|pages=27–}}</ref>  For more specifics about each type of prostatitis, including information on symptoms, treatment, and prognosis, follow the links to the relevant full articles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|-
! Category
! Current name
! Old name
! Pain
! Bacteria
! [[white blood cell|WBC]]s
! Description
|-
| I
| [[Acute prostatitis]]
| Acute bacterial prostatitis
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| style="text-align: left" | Bacterial infection of the prostate gland that requires urgent medical treatment.
|-
| II
| [[Chronic bacterial prostatitis]]
| Chronic bacterial prostatitis
| ±
| Yes
| Yes
| style="text-align: left" |  A relatively rare condition that usually presents as intermittent [[urinary tract infection]]s.
|-
| IIIa
| [[Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome|Inflammatory CP/CPPS]]
| [[Nonbacterial prostatitis]]
| Yes
| No
| Yes
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: left" | Accounts for 90–95% of prostatitis diagnoses,<ref name="pmid16409145">{{cite journal |vauthors=Habermacher GM, Chason JT, Schaeffer AJ |title=Prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome |journal=Annu. Rev. Med. |volume=57 |pages=195–206 |year=2006 |pmid=16409145 |doi=10.1146/annurev.med.57.011205.135654}}</ref> formerly known as ''chronic nonbacterial prostatitis'.
|-
| IIIb
| [[Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome|Noninflammatory CP/CPPS]]
| [[Prostatodynia]]
| Yes
| No
| No
|-
| IV
| [[Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis]]
| (none)
| No
| No
| Yes
| style="text-align: left" |No history of genitourinary pain complaints, but [[leukocytosis]] is noted, usually during evaluation for other conditions. Between 6 and 19% of men have pus cells in their semen but no symptoms.<ref name="pmid18455767">{{cite journal |vauthors=Korrovits P, Ausmees K, Mändar R, Punab M |title=Prevalence of asymptomatic inflammatory (National Institutes of Health Category IV) prostatitis in young men according to semen analysis |journal=Urology |volume=71 |issue=6 |pages=1010–5 |date=June 2008 |pmid=18455767 |doi=10.1016/j.urology.2007.12.082 }}</ref>
|}

In 1968, Meares and Stamey determined a classification technique based on the culturing of bacteria.<ref name="pmid4870505">{{cite journal |vauthors=Meares EM, Stamey TA |title=Bacteriologic localization patterns in bacterial prostatitis and urethritis |journal=Invest Urol |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=492–518 |date=March 1968 |pmid=4870505 }}</ref> This classification is no longer used.

The conditions are distinguished by the different presentation of pain, [[white blood cell]]s (WBCs) in the urine, duration of symptoms and [[bacteria]] [[Microbiological culture|cultured]] from the urine. To help express prostatic secretions that may contain WBCs and bacteria, [[prostate massage]] is sometimes used.<ref name="Prostatitis: Benign Prostate Disease: Merck Manual Professional">{{cite web |url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary_disorders/benign_prostate_disease/prostatitis.html |title=Prostatitis: Benign Prostate Disease: Merck Manual Professional |access-date=2011-07-11 |archive-date=2011-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925051318/http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary_disorders/benign_prostate_disease/prostatitis.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Interstitial cystitis]] — a related disease
* [[Granulomatous prostatitis]]
* [[IgG4-related prostatitis]]
* [[Male accessory gland infection]] (MAGI)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Medical resources
|  ICD10           = {{ICD10|N|41| |n|40}}
|  ICD9            = {{ICD9|601}}
|  DiseasesDB      = 10801
|  eMedicineSubj   = emerg
|  eMedicineTopic  = 488
|  MedlinePlus     = 000524
|  MeshID          = D011472
}}
* [https://www.ucpps.men/1/cpsi.html  Prostatitis Self Assessment Calculator]

{{Male diseases of the pelvis and genitals}}

[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Inflammatory prostate disorders]]
[[Category:Men's health]]