Editing Princess Ingeborg of Denmark

{{short description|Duchess of Västergötland}}
{{other people||Ingeborg of Denmark (disambiguation){{!}}Ingeborg of Denmark}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Princess Ingeborg
| full name = Ingeborg Charlotte Caroline Frederikke Louise
| image =Princess Ingeborg of Denmark.jpg
| caption = Ingeborg in 1914
| reign =
| title = Duchess of Västergötland
| house = [[House of Glücksburg|Glücksburg]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland]]|1897|1951|end=d.}}
| issue = [[Princess Margaretha of Sweden|Margaretha, Princess of Denmark]]<br>[[Princess Märtha of Sweden|Märtha, Crown Princess of Norway]]<br>[[Astrid of Sweden|Astrid, Queen of the Belgians]]<br>[[Prince Carl Bernadotte]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1878|8|2|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Charlottenlund Palace]], [[Copenhagen]], [[Kingdom of Denmark]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1958|03|12|1878|8|2|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Stockholm]], [[Kingdom of Sweden]]
| father = [[Frederick VIII of Denmark]]
| mother = [[Louise of Sweden]]
}}

'''Princess Ingeborg of Denmark''' (Ingeborg Charlotte Caroline Frederikke Louise; 2 August 1878 – 12 March 1958), was a Princess of Sweden by marriage to [[Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland]].

Princess Ingeborg was a daughter of [[Frederick VIII of Denmark]] and [[Louise of Sweden]], she grew up in [[Copenhagen]] as a Danish princess. In 1897, she was married to her mother's first cousin [[Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland|Prince Carl of Sweden, Duke of Västergötland]], and spent the rest of her of life in Sweden as a member of the [[Swedish royal family]].

Her marriage produced four children, among whom were [[Princess Märtha of Sweden|Märtha, Crown Princess of Norway]] and [[Astrid of Sweden|Astrid, Queen of the Belgians]].

==Early life==
[[Image:Charlottenlund Slot Feb06.jpg|thumb|left|Princess Ingeborg's birthplace, [[Charlottenlund Palace]]]]Princess Ingeborg was born on 2 August 1878 at her parents' country residence, the [[Charlottenlund Palace]] north of [[Copenhagen]], during the reign of her paternal grandfather, [[Christian IX of Denmark|King Christian IX]].{{sfn|Engelstoft|1937|p=190}} She was the second daughter and fifth child of [[Frederick VIII of Denmark|Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark]], and his wife [[Louise of Sweden|Princess Louise of Sweden]].<ref name="Burke's Royal Families">{{cite book|editor1-last=Montgomery-Massingberd|editor1-first=Hugh|editor1-link=Hugh Massingberd|title=Burke's Royal Families of the World|volume=1|location=London, UK|publisher=[[Burke's Peerage]] Ltd|year=1977|page=71}}</ref> Her father was the eldest son of [[Christian IX of Denmark|King Christian IX of Denmark]] and [[Louise of Hesse-Kassel]], and her mother was the only daughter of [[Charles XV of Sweden|King Charles XV of Sweden and Norway]] and [[Louise of the Netherlands]]. She was baptised with the names ''Ingeborg Charlotte Caroline Frederikke Louise'',{{efn|Later in {{langx|sv|Ingeborg Charlotta Carolina Fredrika Lovisa}}{{sfn|Amenius|1973–1975|p=3}}}} and was known as Princess Ingeborg.{{sfn|Engelstoft|1937|p=190}}

As a granddaughter of Christian IX, referred to by the [[sobriquet]] the "[[Father-in-law of Europe]]", Princess Ingeborg was related to several European monarchs and rulers. She was thus a first cousin of the future [[George V|King George V of the United Kingdom]], [[Nicholas II of Russia|Tsar Nicholas II of Russia]], [[Constantine I of Greece|King Constantine I of Greece]] and [[Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick|Duke Ernest Augustus of Brunswick]].

[[File:Family Photo.jpg|thumb|Princess Ingeborg (far left) with her parents and eldest siblings in 1885.]]
Princess Ingeborg had seven siblings, the two eldest of whom were Prince Christian (the future King [[Christian X of Denmark]]) and Prince Carl (the future King [[Haakon VII of Norway]]).<ref name="Burke's Royal Families"/> She was raised with her siblings at the royal household in Copenhagen, and grew up between her parents' city residence, the [[Frederik VIII's Palace]],{{efn|[[Frederik VIII's Palace]] is also known as [[Brockdorff's Palace]].}} an 18th-century [[palace]] which forms part of the [[Amalienborg Palace]] complex in central [[Copenhagen]], and their country residence, the [[Charlottenlund Palace]], located by the coastline of the [[Øresund]] [[strait]] north of the city. In contrast to the usual practise of the period, where royal children were brought up by [[governess]]es, the children were raised by Crown Princess Louise herself.{{sfn|Bramsen|1992|p=274}} Under the supervision of their mother, the children of the Crown Princess received a rather strict Christian-dominated upbringing, which was characterized by severity, the fulfillment of duties, care and order.{{sfn|Bramsen|1992|p=274}} In spite of this austere upbringing, Princess Ingeborg grew up to be a friendly, carefree and quick-witted young woman.{{CN|date=May 2024}}

==Engagement and marriage==
[[Image:Prins Carl & prinsessan Ingeborg av Danmark. Gifta 1897. Carl och Ingeborg fick tre döttrar, Margaretha, Märtha och Astrid.jpg|thumb|upright|Princess Ingeborg and [[Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland|Prince Carl]] in 1897.]]

In May 1897, Princess Ingeborg was engaged at the age of eighteen to [[Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland|Prince Carl of Sweden, Duke of Västergötland]] who was the third son of [[Oscar II of Sweden|King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway]] and [[Sophia of Nassau]].{{sfn|Rotbain|2020}} They were, therefore, first cousins once-removed. It had long been a public secret that Crown Princess Louise wanted one of her daughters to marry a member of the [[Swedish royal family]], which thus indeed happened. In 1947, on the occasion of their [[golden wedding]] anniversary, her spouse admitted that their marriage had [[Arranged marriage|been completely arranged]] by their respective fathers, and Ingeborg herself added: "I married a complete stranger!"<ref name="ReferenceA">Lars Elgklou: Familjen Bernadotte. En kunglig släktkrönika (The Bernadotte family. A royal family chronicle) (in Swedish)</ref> Although their marriage was arranged, the outcome was very much in accordance with the personal aspiration of the princess who after the wedding said: "I have prayed to God for a whole year to have Carl."{{sfn|Bramsen|1992|p=353}}

The wedding was celebrated on 27 August 1897 in the [[Christiansborg Palace Chapel|chapel]] of [[Christiansborg Palace]] in Copenhagen.{{sfn|Engelstoft|1937|p=190}} The wedding guests included members of the [[Danish royal family|Danish]] and [[Swedish royal family|Swedish royal families]], as well as the bride's paternal aunts, the [[Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)|Dowager Empress of Russia]] and the [[Alexandra of Denmark|Princess of Wales]]. After the [[wedding reception]], the newly married couple left the palace for the pier, where they embarked the Danish [[royal yacht]], the [[paddle steamer]] [[HDMY Dannebrog (1879)|''Dannebrog'']], which early next morning sailed for [[Lübeck]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://royal-magazin.de/norway/sweden-ingeborg-wedding-jewels.htm|title=Princess Ingeborg of Sweden and Norway – Royal Wedding Gifts and Jewel Presents|website=royal-magazin.de|access-date=2023-07-17|language=en}}</ref> They spent their honeymoon in Germany.

==Public role==
[[Image:Ingeborg, Duchess of Västergötland.jpg|thumb|upright|Ingeborg, Duchess of Västergötland in mourning, 1900s]]
The marriage was popular because she was the granddaughter of the popular king Charles XV of Sweden and IV of Norway, and she was a personal success in Sweden. It was said of her, that of all foreign princesses married into the Swedish royal house, she was perhaps the one best suited to be Queen consort of Sweden,<ref>Staffan Skott: Alla dessa Bernadottar (All of the Bernadottes) (1996) (In Swedish)</ref> and for the first ten years in Sweden, she almost was: from 1897 until 1907, [[Sofia of Nassau|Queen Sophia]] seldom attended public events and [[Victoria of Baden|Crown Princess Victoria]] spent most of her time abroad for health reasons, Princess Ingeborg was thereby given more public duties, unofficially performing much of the role associated with the [[queen consort]] at the Swedish court.<ref name="ReferenceB">Ingeborg C C F L, urn:sbl:11950, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Ragnar Amenius), hämtad 27 February 2015.</ref> She is perceived as having performed her representational duties with a combination of dignity and easygoing friendliness, and as attracting a social circle with her wit.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
Her sister-in-law, Crown Princess Victoria, however, did not approve of her informality and once remarked: "One does not enter the chamber of the Crown Princess of Sweden without knocking, even if one is Princess Ingeborg."<ref>Heribert Jansson (1963). Drottning Victoria. Stockholm: Hökerbergs bokförlag</ref>

Ingeborg was interested in sports, especially [[ice skating]], and at the automobile exhibition of Stockholm in 1903, she and [[Gustaf V of Sweden|the Crown Prince, Gustav]], made a spontaneous demonstration trip in a car from [[Scania]]. In 1908, she accompanied her husband's nephew [[Prince Vilhelm, Duke of Södermanland|Prince William]] to his wedding with her paternal first cousin once removed [[Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1890–1958)|Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna]] in Russia.

==Family life==
[[File:H. K. H. Prinsessan Ingeborg med Prinsessorna Margareta, Märta och Astrid (1910).jpg|thumb|Princess Ingeborg and her daughters. (1910)]]
Although the parties had not had much influence on its conclusion, the marriage between Ingeborg and Carl ended up being successful, and the couple's relationship was described as harmonious.{{sfn|Bramsen|1992|p=356}} They had four children: 
# [[Princess Margaretha of Sweden]], later Princess Axel of Denmark (1899–1977).
# [[Princess Märtha of Sweden]], later Crown Princess of Norway (1901–1954).
# [[Astrid of Sweden|Princess Astrid of Sweden]], later [[Queen of the Belgians]] (1905–1935).
# [[Prince Carl Bernadotte]], known as ''Carl Jr.'', later ''Prince [[House of Bernadotte|Bernadotte]]'', a [[Belgium|Belgian]] title (1911–2003).

The family lived a harmonious life, and was known as "The happy family".<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The children were given a simple upbringing, and expected to learn household tasks: they were, for example, given a real stove in their play cottage, on which they cooked real food. She and Carl lived an informal and intimate family life with their children.

Ingeborg was admired for her handling of the economic difficulties experienced when a bank they invested in crashed in 1922 and they had to sell their home.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> She was portrayed as a symbol of a wife and mother in many magazines and was for many years the most popular member of the royal house.

== Later life ==
[[File:Carl Prince of Sweden.jpg|thumb|upright|Prince Carl and Princess Ingeborg in 1926.]]
In 1905, the Norwegian government discussed making them king and queen of Norway, but Carl declined the offer. Instead, her brother was elected monarch of Norway. Ingeborg's kinship to the Scandinavian dynasties helped bring the three royal houses together again after tension created due to Norway's 1905 secession. Politically, Ingeborg had democratic and liberal sympathies and disliked the conservatives, views she expressed during the [[Courtyard Crisis|government crisis in 1914]].<ref name="ReferenceB"/> She detested the conservative [[Hammarskjöld|Hammarskjöld]] cabinet and the 1914 policy, criticized the conservative press and viewed the resignation of the Liberal-Social Democratic cabinet of 1914 as a disaster, reportedly commented it with the words: "It must not happen! No no no!"<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

During [[World War II]] from 1940 to 1945, she demonstrated publicly against Nazi Germany by blocking the window of her house which faced the German embassy in Stockholm.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

==Honours==
[[File:Coat of arms of Princesse Ingeborg, Duchesse de Västergötland.svg|thumb|Coat of arms of Princess Ingeborg of Sweden]]

===Foreign===
* {{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Ottoman dynasty|Turkish Imperial Family]]: Dame Grand Cordon of the [[Order of Charity|Imperial Order of Charity]]<ref>Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (İ.TAL. 169-13 1316-Za-099)</ref>

==Ancestry==
{{See also|Descendants of Christian IX of Denmark}}

{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1= background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2= background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3= background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4= background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Princess Ingeborg of Denmark'''
|2= 2. [[Frederick VIII of Denmark]]
|3= 3. [[Louise of Sweden|Princess Louise of Sweden]]
|4= 4. [[Christian IX of Denmark]]
|5= 5. [[Louise of Hesse-Kassel|Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel]]
|6= 6. [[Charles XV of Sweden]]
|7= 7. [[Louise of the Netherlands|Princess Louise of the Netherlands]]
|8= 8. [[Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]]
|9= 9. [[Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel]]
|10= 10. [[Prince William of Hesse-Kassel]]
|11= 11. [[Princess Charlotte of Denmark]]
|12= 12. [[Oscar I of Sweden]]
|13= 13. [[Josephine of Leuchtenberg|Princess Joséphine of Leuchtenberg]]
|14= 14. [[Prince Frederick of the Netherlands]]
|15= 15. [[Princess Louise of Prussia (1808–1870)|Princess Louise of Prussia]]
}}

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book|first=Ragnar|last=Amenius|chapter=Ingeborg C C F L|chapter-url=https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=11950|editor1-first=Erik|editor1-last=Grill|title=[[Svenskt biografiskt lexikon]]|pages=3|volume=20|location=[[Stockholm]]|year=1973–1975|language=sv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Bramsen|first=Bo|year=1992|title=Huset Glücksborg. Europas svigerfader og hans efterslægt.|trans-title=The House of Glücksburg. The Father-in-law of Europe and his descendants|edition=2nd|publisher=Forlaget Forum|location=Copenhagen|isbn=87-553-1843-6|language=da}}
* {{Cite book|first=Lars|last=Elgklou|title=Familjen Bernadotte. En kunglig släktkrönika|trans-title=The Bernadotte family. A royal family chronicle|language=sv}}
* {{Cite book|first=Povl|last=Engelstoft|chapter=Ingeborg|chapter-url=http://www.rosekamp.dk/DBL_All/DBL_11_text.pdf|editor1-first=Povl|editor1-last=Engelstoft|editor2-first=Svend|editor2-last=Dahl|title=[[Dansk Biografisk Leksikon]]|edition=2nd|pages=190|volume=11|location=[[Copenhagen]]|publisher=[[J.H. Schultz Forlag]]|year=1937|language=da}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Lerche|first1=Anna|last2=Mandal|first2=Marcus|year=2003|title=A royal family : the story of Christian IX and his European descendants|location=Copenhagen|publisher=Aschehoug|isbn=9788715109577}}
* {{Cite book|last=Rotbain|first=Avigail|chapter=Ingeborg, prinsessa|chapter-url=https://www.skbl.se/en/article/Ingeborgprinsessa|editor1-first=Maria|editor1-last=Sjöberg|editor2-first=Lisbeth|editor2-last=Larsson|title=[[Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikon]]|year=2020|language=en}}
* {{Cite book|first=Staffan|last=Skott|title=Alla dessa Bernadottar|trans-title=All of the Bernadottes|year=1996|language=sv}}
* [https://archive.today/20130623230409/http://www.nad.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=11950 Ingeborg C C F L, urn:sbl:11950, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Ragnar Amenius), hämtad 2015-02-27.]
{{Refend}}

==Further reading==
* Rotbain, Avigail. {{SKBL|name=Ingeborg, prinsessa}}

{{House of Bernadotte}}
{{Danish princesses|state=collapsed}}
{{Swedish princesses by marriage}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ingeborg Of Denmark, Princess}}
[[Category:1878 births]]
[[Category:1958 deaths]]
[[Category:House of Glücksburg (Denmark)]]
[[Category:Princesses of Sweden]]
[[Category:Princesses of Denmark]]
[[Category:Swedish duchesses]]
[[Category:19th-century Lutherans]]
[[Category:20th-century Lutherans]]
[[Category:Danish Lutherans]]
[[Category:Nobility from Copenhagen]]
[[Category:Burials at Kungliga begravningsplatsen]]
[[Category:Daughters of kings]]
[[Category:Children of Frederick VIII of Denmark]]