Editing Prabuty

{{Short description|Town in Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland}}
{{see also|Prabuty, Masovian Voivodeship}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Prabuty
| image_skyline = Prabuty market square (2).jpg
| image_caption = ''Rynek'' (Market Square) in Prabuty
| image_shield = POL Prabuty COA.svg
| image_flag = POL Prabuty flag.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Pomeranian Voivodeship|Pomeranian]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kwidzyn County|Kwidzyn]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Prabuty|Prabuty]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Marek Szulc
| established_title = First mentioned
| established_date = 1236
| established_title3 = Town rights
| established_date3 = 1330
| area_total_km2 = 7.92
| population_as_of = 2006
| population_total = 8488
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|53|45|21|N|19|11|51|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| elevation_m = 90
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 82–550
| area_code = +48 55
| blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
| blank_info = GKW
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Voivodeship road]]s
| blank_info_sec2 = [[File:DW520-PL.svg|32px]] [[File:DW521-PL.svg|32px]] [[File:DW522-PL.svg|32px]]
| website = http://www.prabuty.pl
}}
'''Prabuty''' {{IPAc-pl|p|r|a|'|b|u|t|y}} ({{langx|de|Riesenburg}}) is a town in [[Kwidzyn County]] within the [[Pomeranian Voivodeship]] of northern [[Poland]]. It is the seat of [[Gmina Prabuty]].

== Geographical location ==
Prabuty is located between the Liwieniec and Sowica lakes, approximately 18 kilometers east of [[Kwidzyn]], 100 kilometers southeast of [[Gdańsk]], 100 kilometers west of [[Olsztyn]], and 133 kilometers southwest of [[Kaliningrad]].

Prabuty is a rail junction on the [[Warsaw]]–[[Gdynia]] railway.

==History==
[[File:Brama Kwidzyńska.JPG|thumb|left|upright|Kwidzyn Gate (''Brama Kwidzyńska'')]]
In 1236, the [[Teutonic Knights]] under [[Henry III, Margrave of Meissen]], destroyed an [[Old Prussians|Old Prussian]] fortress between the lakes Dzierzgoń and Liwieniec. The settlement was first mentioned in 1250 as ''Riesenburg''. Albert, the [[Bishop of Pomesania]], founded the castle and town in 1270 and moved his seat there.<ref name=wiltsch>{{cite book |last1=Wiltsch |first1=J. E. T. |translator=John Leitch |title=Handbook of the Geography and Statistics of the Church |date=1868 |publisher=Thomas Bosworth |location=London |page=305 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Handbook_of_the_Geography_and_Statistics/_ogXAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=riesenburg%20became%20seat%20of%20pomesania%201270%201587&pg=PA305&printsec=frontcover |language=en |volume=2}}</ref> It would remain the primary seat of the Bishop of Pomesania until the diocese dissolved in 1587.<ref name=wiltsch /> The village grew around the castle and received [[Culm law]] city rights on 30 October 1330<ref name=his>{{cite web|url= http://www.prabuty.pl/prabuty/content/view/15/34/|title= History of Prabuty|access-date= 2009-01-12|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080430025051/http://www.prabuty.pl/prabuty/content/view/15/34/|archive-date= 2008-04-30|url-status= dead}}</ref> from bishop Rudolf of Pomerania (1322–1332). The town suffered a fire in August 1375.<ref name=hirsch>{{cite book |last1=Hirsch |first1=Theodor |last2=Töppen |first2=Max |last3=Ernst |first3=Strehlke |title=Scriptores rerum Prussicarum. Die Geschichtsquellen der preussischen Vorzeit bis zum Untergange der Ordensherrschaft |publisher=S. Hirzel |location=[[Leipzig]] |volume=3 |page=17 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Scriptores_rerum_Prussicarum/0hg_AAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Riesenburg&pg=PA17&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> The Lithuanian dukes [[Švitrigaila]] and [[Vaidutis]] visited the town in 1379 and 1381 respectively.<ref name=his/><ref name=sgk>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom IX|year=1888|language=pl|location=Warsaw|page=10}}</ref><ref name=hirsch /> In 1410 and 1414 it was captured by the Poles.<ref name=sgk/>

Knights and [[squire]]s of the Prabuty district were co-founders of the anti-Teutonic [[Prussian Confederation]] in 1440.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Górski|first=Karol|title=Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych|year=1949|publisher=Instytut Zachodni|location=Poznań|language=pl|page=10}}</ref> Since its establishment, part of the population wanted the town to join the organization.<ref name=his/> In 1451, the town council eventually joined the Prussian Confederation, but bishop Kaspar Linke expelled the councilors and confiscated their property. The town was accepted again by the organization in February 1454, and upon the request of the organization, in March 1454, Polish King [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]] incorporated the region and town to the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Kingdom of Poland]],<ref>Górski, pp. XXXVIII, 54</ref> and the [[Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)|Thirteen Years' War]] broke out. The [[Bishopric of Pomesania|Bishop]] and canons of Pomesania also pledged allegiance to the Polish King.<ref>Górski, pp. 71–73</ref> Around that time, the town was mentioned in documents as ''Prabuth''.<ref>''Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom IX'', p. 9</ref> After the [[Battle of Chojnice (1454)|Battle of Chojnice]], in which Polish forces were defeated, the town was forced to side with the Order again.<ref name=sgk/> After the war and the [[Second Peace of Thorn (1466)]], the town became a part of Poland as a [[fief]],<ref>Górski, pp. 96–97, 214–215</ref> and Pomesanian bishops retained their rule over the area. In 1523, the diocese of Pomesania became [[Lutheran]].<ref name=kolb>{{cite book |last1=Kolb |first1=Robert |title=Luther's Wittenberg World: The Reformer's Family, Friends, Followers, and Foes |date=1 May 2018 |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-1-5064-4640-0 |page=303 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Luther_s_Wittenberg_World/r14-DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=1587+pomesania+secularized&pg=PA303&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> In 1525 the town became part of [[Ducal Prussia]], a vassal state of Poland. In 1556, a [[synod]] was held in the town. In 1587, with the secularization of the diocese of Pomesania,<ref name=kolb /> the town lost its status as the episcopal seat.<ref name=wiltsch />

The town suffered during the 17th century [[Polish-Swedish wars]]. In 1628, half of it was burnt down, and in 1688 the remainder was burned.<ref name="JFG" /> In 1722, fire caused destruction once again.<ref name="JFG" />

In 1701, as part of Ducal Prussia, the town became a part of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] and part of the newly created province of [[West Prussia]] in 1773. Despite this, as of 1789, Polish Protestant church services were still held in the town, and there was a Polish municipal school there.<ref name=sgk/> In October 1831, several Polish cavalry and infantry units and honor guards of the [[November Uprising]] stopped in the town on the way to their internment places.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kasparek|first=Norbert|editor-last=Katafiasz|editor-first=Tomasz|year=2014|title=Na tułaczym szlaku... Powstańcy Listopadowi na Pomorzu|language=pl|location=Koszalin|publisher=Muzeum w Koszalinie, Archiwum Państwowe w Koszalinie|page=138|chapter=Żołnierze polscy w Prusach po upadku powstania listopadowego. Powroty do kraju i wyjazdy na emigrację}}</ref> In 1871, the town became part of the [[German Empire]] in the framework of the Prussian-led [[unification of Germany]]. Until 1919, Riesenburg belonged to the administrative district of [[Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder]] in the [[Province of West Prussia]].

After [[World War I]], [[East Prussian plebiscite|a referendum]] was held concerning the future nationality of the town, which remained part of [[Weimar Germany]]. From 1920 to 1939, Riesenburg belonged to the administrative district of [[Regierungsbezirk Westpreußen]] in the [[Province of East Prussia]] and from 1939 until 1945 to the district of [[Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder]] in the province of [[Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia]].

During [[World War II]] Germany operated a [[German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II|prisoner-of-war camp]] in the town.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Daniluk|first=Jan|year=2012|title=Wykorzystanie siły roboczej jeńców wojennych w XX Okręgu Wojskowym w latach II wojny światowej (zarys problemu)|journal=Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny|location=Opole|language=pl|volume=35|page=22}}</ref> The town was captured by the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Red Army]] in 1945 in the final months of the war. It then became again part of Poland. Most of the German inhabitants [[Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II|were expelled]] in accordance with the [[Potsdam Agreement]] and the pre-war Polish population was joined by [[Polish people|Poles]] displaced from [[Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union|former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union]].

[[Heinz Heydrich]] (1905–44), brother of [[Reinhard Heydrich]], is buried in the local military cemetery, according to the [[Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt)]].
{{multiple image |align=right |caption_align=center |perrow=3 |total_width=440 |header=Historic churches in Prabuty
| image1 = Katedra św.Wojciecha.JPG
| image2 = Prabuty, kościół św. Andrzeja (1).jpg
| image3 = Kościół Polski.JPG
| caption1 = St. Adalbert Co-cathedral
| caption2 = Saint Andrew church
| caption3 = Saint Mary chapel
}}

== Number of inhabitants by year ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Number 
|-
| 1777 || align="right" | 1,797
|-
| 1782 || align="right" | 1,878  
|-
| 1831 || align="right" |  2,722
|-
| 1875 || align="right" |   3,542
|- 
| 1880 || align="right" |  3,718
|- 
| 1890 || align="right" | 4,586 
|-
| 1900 || align="right" | 5,032 
|-
| 1905 || align="right" | 4,826
|-
| 1925 || align="right" | 5,340
|-
| 1933 || align="right" | 6,116
|-
| 1939 || align="right" |  8,093
|-
| 2006 ||  align="right" | 8,488
|}

<ref name="JFG">[[Johann Friedrich Goldbeck]]: ''Volständige Topographie des Königreichs Preussen''. Part II: ''Topographie von West-Preussen'', Marienwerder 1789, [https://books.google.com/books?id=SQw_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA6 p. 6, no 2.]</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon|year=1909|volume=16|edition=6th|location=Leipzig|language=de|pages=925–926}}</ref><ref name="VWG" >Michael Rademacher: ''[http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/rosenberg_op.html Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Provinz Westpreußen, Kreis Rosenberg]'' (2006).</ref><ref name="AEP" >August Eduard Preuß: ''Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde''. Königsberg 1835, [https://books.google.com/books?id=L_sAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA441 p. 441.]</ref>

==Sports==
The local [[Association football|football]] club is Pogoń Prabuty. It competes in the lower leagues.

== Notable residents ==
* [[Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg]] (1755–1829) the Regent of the Duchy of Oldenburg for his incapacitated cousin William I from 1785 to 1823 and then served himself as Duke from 1823 to 1829. 
* Adolf Treichel (1869–1926), German politician, President of the [[Volkstag]] ([[Free City of Danzig]]) 
* {{interlanguage link|Jan Wittstock|pl}} (1886–1962), Polish activist
* [[Charlotte Wolff]] (1897–1986) a German-British physician who worked as a psychotherapist and wrote on sexology and hand analysis. Her writings on lesbianism and bisexuality were influential early works in the field.
* {{interlanguage link|Stanisław Żyrek|pl}} (1936–2010), Polish sculptor
* {{interlanguage link|Jerzy Weinberger|pl}} (born 1940), Polish jurist, former member of the [[State Tribunal (Poland)|State Tribunal of Poland]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.prabuty.pl/ Municipal website] {{in lang|pl}}
* [http://www.prabuty.com/ Independent Municipal Website ] {{in lang|pl}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111029180834/http://forum.prabuty.com/ History and Forum City] {{in lang|pl}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090422204117/http://www.pogonprabuty.pl/ Futbol Team Website] {{in lang|pl}}

{{Gmina Prabuty}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Pomeranian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Kwidzyn County]]
[[Category:Populated lakeshore places in Poland]]