Editing Powązki Cemetery

{{Short description|Cemetery in Warsaw, Poland}}
{{Redirect|Powązki}}
{{Distinguish|Powązki Military Cemetery}}
{{Infobox cemetery
|name = Powązki Cemetery
| native_name  = {{lang|pl|Cmentarz Powązkowski}}
|image = Warszawa, Cmentarz Powązkowski SDC11657.JPG
|caption = Example of lavish tombstones at the cemetery
|established = 4 November 1790<ref name="pow">{{cite web | url = http://starepowazki.sowa.website.pl/Historia/historia.html | title = Historia Cmentarza Powązkowskiego | access-date = 10 August 2010 | language = pl | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101104032242/http://www.starepowazki.sowa.website.pl/Historia/historia.html | archive-date = 4 November 2010 }}</ref>
|country = {{flag|Poland}}
|location = [[Warsaw]]
|coordinates = {{coord|52|15|07|N|20|58|22|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
|type = Public
|owner =
|size = {{convert|43|ha|acre}}<ref name="pow" />
<!--|graves= 60,000+-->
|graves= Over one million<ref name="gosc.pl">{{cite web|url=http://gosc.pl/doc/3529901.Najslynniejszy-cmentarz-Warszawy|title=Najsłynniejszy cmentarz Warszawy|access-date=9 July 2017}}</ref>
|website = [http://starepowazki.sowa.website.pl/ Unofficial website]
}}

'''Powązki Cemetery''' ({{IPA|pl|pɔˈvɔ̃skʲi}}; {{langx|pl|Cmentarz Powązkowski}}), also known as '''Stare Powązki''' ({{langx|en|Old Powązki}}), is a historic [[necropolis]] located in [[Wola]] district, in the western part of [[Warsaw]], Poland. It is the most famous cemetery in the city and one of the oldest, having been established in 1790. It is the burial place of many illustrious individuals from Polish history. Some are interred along the "Avenue of the Distinguished" – ''Aleja Zasłużonych'', created in 1925. It is estimated that over one million people are buried at Powązki.<ref name="gosc.pl"/>

The cemetery is often confused with the newer [[Powązki Military Cemetery]], which is located to the north-west of Powązki Cemetery.

==History==
Powązki Cemetery was established on 4 November 1790 on land donated by nobleman [[Korwin-Szymanowski family|Melchior Szymanowski]], and consecrated on 20 May 1792. Initially it covered an area of only about 2.5&nbsp;ha. In the same year Saint [[Charles Borromeo|Karol Boromeusz]] Church, designed by [[Dominik Merlini]], was built on the northern edge of the cemetery. The [[catacombs]] were erected soon thereafter.

Several other cemeteries were founded in the area: the [[Jewish cemeteries of Warsaw|Jewish]] cemetery, and those of the [[Calvinism|Calvinist]], [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]], [[Armenians in Poland|Caucasian]] and [[Lipka Tatars|Tatar]] communities. The Orthodox cemetery is also located in the vicinity.

As in many old European cemeteries, some of the [[tomb stone|tombstones]] in Powązki were created by renowned sculptors, both Polish and foreign. Some of the monuments are examples of the then prevailing styles in art and architecture.

On ''[[All Saints Day]]'' (1 November) and ''[[Zaduszki]]'' (2 November) in Warsaw, vigils are held not only in the [[Roman Catholic]] cemeteries, but in the [[Protestantism|Protestant]], [[Muslim]], [[Jew]]ish and [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] cemeteries as well. At Powązki Cemetery, many graves are lit up by [[Votive candle]]s.

==Notable burials==
A few of the notables buried here are:
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Tekla Bądarzewska-Baranowska]] (1834–1861), composer
* Izabela Barcińska née Chopin, (1811–1881), younger sister of [[Fryderyk Chopin]]
* [[Anna Bilińska-Bohdanowicz|Anna Bilińska]] (1857–1893), painter
* [[Wojciech Bogusławski]] (1757–1829), writer, actor, director
* [[Stefan Bryła]] (1886–1943), notable for first welding bridge-Maurzyce Bridge
* [[Jan Gotlib Bloch]] (1836–1902), banker, railroad entrepreneur, philanthropist, economist, economist and social activist
* Emilia Chopin (1812–1827), youngest sister of [[Fryderyk Chopin]]
* [[Ludwika Jędrzejewicz]] née Chopin (1807–1855), oldest sister of [[Fryderyk Chopin]]
* [[Mikołaj Chopin]] (1771–1844), father of [[Fryderyk Chopin]]
* [[Tekla Justyna Chopin]] (1782–1861), mother of [[Fryderyk Chopin]]
* [[Halina Chrostowska]] (1929–1990), printmaker, activist, and educator
* [[Gerard Antoni Ciołek]] (1909–1966), architect and historian of gardens
* [[Ignacy Dobrzyński]] (1807–1867), composer
* [[Jerzy Duszyński (actor)|Jerzy Duszyński]] (1917–1978), actor
* [[Józef Elsner]] (1769–1854), composer and conductor.  Piano teacher of [[Fryderyk Chopin]].
* [[Władysław Filipkowski]] (1892–1950), military commander
* [[Pola Gojawiczyńska]] (1896–1963), writer
* [[Józef Gosławski (Polish sculptor)|Józef Gosławski]], (1908–1963), sculptor and medallic artist
* [[Marceli Godlewski]] (1865–1945), [[Righteous Among the Nations]]
* [[Leopold Janikowski]] (1855–1942), meteorologist, explorer and ethnographer
* [[Stanisław Janikowski]] (1891–1965), Polish diplomat
* [[Stefan Jaracz]] (1883–1945), actor
* [[Jan Kiepura]] (1902–1966), singer and actor
* [[Krzysztof Kieślowski]] (1941–1996), film director
* [[Jan Kiliński]] (1760–1819), freedom fighter
* [[Stefan Kisielewski]] (1911–1991), art critic and writer
* [[Stanislava Klimashevskaya]] (1851–1939), photographer and studio owner
* [[Tomasz Knapik]] (1943–2021),  film, radio and television reader
* [[Krzysztof Komeda]] (1931–1969), [[jazz]] composer
* [[Alfred Kowalski]] (1849–1915), painter
* [[Henryk Kuna]] (1885–1945), sculptor
* [[Witold Lutosławski]] (1913–1994), composer
* [[Józefat Ignacy Łukasiewicz]] (1789–1850), painter-artist
* [[Maciej Masłowski]] (1901–1976), [[Art history|art historian]]
* [[Stanisław Masłowski]] (1853–1926), painter-artist
* [[Witold Małcużyński]] (1914–1977), classical pianist
* [[Stefan Mazurkiewicz]] (1888–1945), co-founder of the Warsaw school of mathematics
* [[Jerzy Mierzejewski]] (1917–2012), artist and pedagogue
* [[Stanisław Moniuszko]] (1819–1872), composer
* [[Janusz Nasfeter]] (1920–1998) – film director and screenwriter; moved in 2018 from the [[Służew Old Cemetery]]
* [[Ola Obarska]] (1910–1992), singer and actress
* [[Antoni Osuchowski]] (1849–1928), philanthropist and national activist
* [[Piotr Pawlukiewicz]] (1960–2020), Roman Catholic priest, doctor of pastoral theology
* [[Lech Pijanowski]] (1928–1974), film-maker and game designer
* [[Jerzy Pniewski]] (1913–1989), physicist<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cmentarze.um.warszawa.pl/pomnik.aspx?pom_id=60200 |language=pl |title=Warszawskie Zabytkowe Pomniki Nagrobne |website=cmentarze.um.warszawa.pl |access-date=16 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[Krystyna Piotrowska]] (1938–2022), Polish geologist, cartographer, professor
* [[Bolesław Prus]] (1847–1912), journalist and novelist
* [[Grzegorz Przemyk]] (1964–1983), poet murdered by [[Milicja Obywatelska]]
* [[Kazimierz Pużak]] (1883–1950), died in the [[Communism|Communist]] [[prison]], secretly buried in Powązki
* [[Emil Rauer]] (1870–1943), industrialist, creator and commander of a railway protection formation, social activist, and independence fighter
* [[Halina Regulska]] (1899–1994), racing driver, socialite, author, member of Polish resistance movement in World War II
* [[Władysław Reymont]] (1867–1925), [[Nobel Prize]]-winning novelist
* [[Edward Rydz-Śmigły]] (1886–1941), politician, statesman, Marshal of Poland and Commander-in-Chief of Poland's armed forces
* [[Ireneusz Roszkowski]] (1910–1996), gynaecologist
* [[Irena Sendlerowa]] (1910–2008), head of Children's Section of the [[Żegota]]
* [[Wacław Sierpiński]] (1882–1969), mathematician
* [[Piotr Sobociński]] (1958–2001), cinematographer
* [[Witold Sobociński]] (1929–2018), cinematographer
* [[Jadwiga Smosarska]] (1898–1971), actress
* [[Andrzej Sołtan]] (1897–1959), physicist
* [[Zbigniew Ścibor-Rylski]] (1917–2018), military commander, participant of the [[Warsaw Uprising]]
* [[Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski]] (1893–1964), general
* [[Władysław Tryliński]] (1878–1956), transportation engineer and inventor
* [[Jerzy Waldorff]] (1910–1999), art critic and one of the benefactors of the Cemetery
* [[Melchior Wańkowicz]] (1892–1974), writer
* [[Henryk Wieniawski]] (1835–1870), composer
* [[Kazimierz Wierzyński]] (1894–1969), poet and writer
* [[Stanisław Wigura]] (1901–1932), aircraft designer and aviator
* [[Stanisław Wojciechowski]] (1869–1953), president of Poland
* [[Aleksander Zelwerowicz]] (1877–1955), actor and director, patron of the Warsaw Drama Academy
* [[Franciszek Żwirko]] (1895–1932), aviator
* [[Wojciech Żywny]] (1756–1842), first piano teacher of [[Fryderyk Chopin]], composer.
* [[Helena Morsztynkiewiczowa]] (1894–1983), architect and urban planner{{Div col end}}

==Gallery==
<gallery heights="150" mode="packed">
File:PL Warsaw Stare Powązki aleja zasluzonych.jpg|Avenue of Notables
File:Kosciol sw Boromeusza w Warszawie.jpg|[[Charles Borromeo|Saint Karol Boromeusz]] Church
File:PL Warsaw Stare Powązki alejka cmentarza 1.jpg|Old Powązki
File:Grob Edwarda Rydza Smiglego.JPG|[[Edward Rydz-Śmigły]] grave
File:Warsaw Powazki 2007 11 02 20a.JPG|Old Powązki
File:Warszawa, Cmentarz Powązkowski SDC11678.JPG|Old Powązki
File:Warszawa, Cmentarz Powązkowski SDC11660.JPG|Old Powązki
File:Warszawa, Cmentarz Powązkowski SDC11653.JPG|Old Powązki
File:Warszawa, Cmentarz Powązkowski SDC11651.JPG|Old Powązki
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Rakowicki Cemetery]]
* [[Lychakiv Cemetery]]

==References==
{{Commons category|Powązki Cemetery}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Neighbourhoods of Wola}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Powazki Cemetery}}
[[Category:Wola]]
[[Category:Burials at Powązki Cemetery|*]]
[[Category:Cemeteries in Warsaw]]
[[Category:National cemeteries]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic cemeteries in Poland]]
[[Category:1790 establishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
[[Category:Cemeteries established in the 1790s]]