Editing Portsmouth, Virginia

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
 | name            = Portsmouth, Virginia
 | settlement_type          = [[Independent city (United States)|Independent city]]
 | image_skyline            = {{multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| perrow                   = 1/2/2/2
| total_width              = 280
| caption_align            = center
| image1                   = US Navy 030820-N-9851B-011 Tug boats guide USS Harry S. Truman (CVN 75) up the Elizabeth River, past Portsmouth landmarks.jpg
| caption1                 = Downtown Portsmouth on the [[Elizabeth River (Virginia)|Elizabeth River]]
| image2                   = Naval Medical Center Portsmouth 2016b.jpg
| caption2                 = [[Naval Medical Center Portsmouth]]
| image3                   = VA Childrens Museum.jpg
| caption3                 = [[Children's Museum of Virginia]]
| image4                   = St. Paul's Catholic Church, Porsmouth VA 12SEP2014.jpg
| caption4                 = [[St. Paul's Catholic Church (Portsmouth, Virginia)|St. Paul's Catholic Church]]
| image5                   = Portsmouth Community Library 13SEP2014.jpg
| caption5                 = [[Portsmouth Community Library]]
| image6                   = Portsmouth, Virginia (8596809033).jpg
| caption6                 = [[Commodore Theatre]]
| image7                   = Rivers Casino Portsmouth.jpg
| caption7                 = [[Rivers Casino Portsmouth]]
}}
 | image_flag               = Flag of Portsmouth, Virginia.gif
 | image_seal               = 
 | image_map                = {{maplink
  | frame              = yes
  | plain              = yes
  | frame-align        = center
  | frame-width        = 250
  | frame-height       = 250
  | frame-coord        = {{coord|36.8529|-76.3549}}
  | zoom               = 10
  | type               = shape
  | marker             = city
  | stroke-width       = 2
  | stroke-color       = #0096FF
  | fill               = #0096FF
  | id2                = Q342803
  | type2              = shape-inverse
  | stroke-width2      = 2
  | stroke-color2      = #5F5F5F
  | stroke-opacity2    = 0
  | fill2              = #000000
  | fill-opacity2      = 0
}}
 | map_caption = Interactive map of Portsmouth
 | pushpin_map              = Virginia#USA
 | pushpin_map_caption      = 
 | pushpin_relief           = yes
 | pushpin_label            = Portsmouth
 | subdivision_type         = Country
 | subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
 | subdivision_name         = United States
 | subdivision_name1        = [[Virginia]]
 | subdivision_type2        = [[County (United States)|County]]
 | subdivision_name2        = None ([[Independent city (United States)|Independent city]])
 | government_type          = [[Mayor–council–manager]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://oldetowneportsmouth.com/listings/city-manager/|title=City of Portsmouth – Olde Towne Portsmouth, VA|publisher=Olde Town Portsmouth, VA|access-date=December 19, 2019}}</ref>
 | leader_title             = [[List of mayors of Portsmouth, Virginia|Mayor]]
 | leader_name              = Shannon Glover
 | established_title        = Founded
 | established_date         = 1752
 | named_for                = [[Portsmouth]], England
 | area_total_sq_mi         = 46.68
 | area_land_sq_mi          = 33.30
 | area_water_sq_mi         = 13.38
 | population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
 | population_total         = 97,840
 | population_rank          = [[List of cities in Virginia|9th]] in Virginia
 | population_density_sq_mi = 2940.39
 | timezone                 = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|EST]]
 | utc_offset               = −5
 | timezone_DST             = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
 | utc_offset_DST           = −4
 | coordinates              = {{coord|36|50|04|N|76|20|30|W|region:US-VA_type:city(98,000)|display=inline,title}}
 | elevation_m              = 6
 | elevation_ft             = 20
 | postal_code_type         = [[ZIP Code]]s
 | postal_code              = 23701-23709
 | area_code                = [[Area codes 757 and 948|757, 948]]
 | blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
 | blank_info               = 51-64000<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
 | blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
 | blank1_info              = 1497102<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=October 25, 2007}}</ref>
 | footnotes                = 
 | website                  = [http://www.portsmouthva.gov/ www.portsmouthva.gov]
 | pop_est_as_of            = 
 | pop_est_footnotes        = 
 | population_est           = 
 | unit_pref                = Imperial
 | area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_51.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref>
 | area_total_km2           = 120.91
 | area_land_km2            = 86.25
 | area_water_km2           = 34.66
 | population_density_km2   = auto
}}

'''Portsmouth''' is an [[Independent city (United States)|independent city]] in southeastern [[Virginia]], United States. It lies across the [[Elizabeth River (Virginia)|Elizabeth River]] from [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk]]. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 97,915.<ref name=census20>{{cite web|title=Portsmouth city, Portsmouth city, Virginia|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US5159593491|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 26, 2022}}</ref> It is the [[List of cities in Virginia|ninth-most populous city in Virginia]] and is part of the [[Hampton Roads]] metropolitan area. Due to its strategic location, the city has long been associated with the [[United States Armed Forces]], particularly the [[United States Navy|Navy]]. The [[Norfolk Naval Shipyard]] is a historic and active Navy facility located in Portsmouth.

== History ==
===Colonial era===
In 1620, the future site of Portsmouth was recognized as a suitable shipbuilding location by John Wood, a shipbuilder, who petitioned King [[James I of England]] for a land grant. The surrounding area was soon settled as a [[Plantation complexes in the Southern United States|plantation]] community.<ref name="City of Portsmouth">{{Cite web|url=http://www.portsmouthva.gov/history/portsmouthhistory.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604125353/http://www.portsmouthva.gov/history/portsmouthhistory.htm|title=City of Portsmouth, Virginia – History|archive-date=June 4, 2007}}</ref>

Portsmouth was founded by [[William Crawford (Virginia politician)|Colonel William Crawford]], a member of the [[Virginia House of Burgesses]].<ref name=EV>{{cite web|last1=Baker|first1=Barnabas W.|last2=Burgess|first2=Dean|title=William Craford (d. by April 15, 1762)|url=http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Craford_William_d_by_April_15_1762|publisher=Encyclopedia Virginia|access-date=June 22, 2015}}</ref> It was established as a town in 1752 by an act of the [[Virginia General Assembly]] and was named for [[Portsmouth]], England.<ref name="City of Portsmouth" />

===American Revolution and early United States===
{{multiple image
| align     = right
| direction = vertical
| width     = 220
| image1    = Gosport Navy Yard Portsmouth circa 1840 Historical Recollections of Va Henry Howe 1852 LOC.jpg
| caption1  = The Gosport Naval Shipyard {{Circa|1840}}
| image2    = Historical Collections of Virginia - Portsmouth.jpg
| caption2  = Portsmouth Harbor in 1843; the [[Naval Medical Center Portsmouth|Naval Hospital]] is visible in the background
}}
In 1767, [[Andrew Sprowle]], a [[shipbuilder]], founded the Gosport Shipyard adjacent to Portsmouth. The Gosport Shipyard at Portsmouth was owned by the [[Commonwealth of Virginia]] after the [[American Revolutionary War]] and was sold to the new United States federal government.{{citation_needed|date=August 2019}} In 1779, Portsmouth was sacked by British forces during the Revolutionary War.<ref name="Gross1990"/>

Following the Revolutionary War, George Washington invited [[Marquis de Lafayette]] to visit the United States. Lafayette accepted, and was celebrated with parades and balls all around the country.<ref name="Henderson"/> In October 1824, [[Visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States|Lafayette visited]] the town, stopping to have tea at [[Portsmouth, Virginia#Hill House|Hill House]].<ref name=CityHistory485/><ref name="Henderson">{{cite news |last1=Henderson |first1=Myles |title=Hometown History: The Hill House Museum celebrates Lafayette's visit to Portsmouth |url=https://www.wtkr.com/news/hometown-history/hometown-history-the-hill-house-museum-celebrates-lafayettes-visit-to-portsmouth |access-date=21 April 2025 |publisher=WTKR |date=October 3, 2024}}</ref> In 1836, the town of Portsmouth was incorporated.<ref name=LVA-maps />

[[File:Yellow Fever Memorial in Laurel Hill Cemetery.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|The Yellow Fever Memorial in [[Laurel Hill Cemetery]] was built to honor the "Doctors, Druggists and Nurses" from [[Philadelphia]] who helped fight the epidemic in Portsmouth<ref name=PRC/>]]
In 1855, the Portsmouth and Norfolk area suffered an epidemic of [[yellow fever]] which killed 1 of every three citizens.<ref name=Bluemink/> On June 6, 1855, the ''Benjamin Franklin'' vessel arrived in Hampton Roads for repairs.<ref name=Bluemink/> The ship had just sailed from the [[West Indies]], where there had been an outbreak of [[yellow fever]].<ref name=Bluemink/> The port health officer ordered the ship quarantined. After twelve days, a second inspection found no issues, so it was allowed to dock at the Gosport Shipyard in Portsmouth.<ref name=Bluemink/> Workers from the shipyard began to fall ill, and it was later discovered that the ship's captain had concealed sailors who were suffering from the disease.<ref name=Bluemink/> Some of the workers from the shipyard lived in Norfolk, and returned home by taking the ferry across the Elizabeth River, taking the yellow fever with them.<ref name=Bluemink/> The poor and immigrants were the first to fall ill.<ref name=Bluemink/> At the time, no one understood how the disease was transmitted, though it was later determined to have spread via mosquitoes and poor sanitation.<ref name=Bluemink/> This lack of understanding led to widespread panic, and about one-third of Portsmouth's 10,000 residents fled the region in the hopes of escaping the epidemic.<ref name=Bluemink/><ref name=fever/> New York banned all persons and vessels from the region, since both Norfolk and Portsmouth were infected.<ref name=Bluemink/><ref name=fever/> Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Richmond, Petersburg, and Suffolk also banned persons from the region.<ref name=fever/> [[Mathews County, Virginia|Mathews County]] and the [[Eastern Shore of Virginia|Eastern Shore]] remained open to those fleeing the illness.<ref name=fever/> The Gosport Navy Yard remained open, but more than 1,000 shipyard workers left.<ref name=fever/> By the end of August, only 3,000 residents remained in Portsmouth.<ref name=fever/> The number of infected reached 5,000 in September, and by the second week of September, a combined 1,500 had died in Norfolk and Portsmouth.<ref name=Bluemink>{{cite web |others=transcriber and compiler: Donna, Bluemink |title=YELLOW FEVER IN NORFOLK AND PORTSMOUTH, VIRGINIA, 1855, as reported in the ''DAILY DISPATCH'' of Richmond, Virginia 2005 |access-date=29 September 2019 |url=http://www.usgwarchives.net/va/yellow-fever/yftoc.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914125731/http://www.usgwarchives.net/va/yellow-fever/yftoc.html |archive-date=2024-09-14}}</ref><ref name=fever/> As fall arrived and the weather cooled, the outbreak began to wane, leaving a final tally of about 3,200 dead in the region.<ref name=fever>{{citation |first=Lon |last=Wagner |title=The Fever, a Story in 14 Parts |work=The Virginian-Pilot |date=July 10–23, 2005 |url=http://www.portsmouthva.gov/history/fever/thefever.pdf |access-date=May 18, 2013 |postscript=. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215040256/http://www.portsmouthva.gov/history/fever/thefever.pdf |archive-date=December 15, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church was built in 1857. During the 19th century, the church was part of the [[Underground Railroad]]. [[Fugitive slaves in the United States|Freedom seekers]] from Virginia and other [[Slave states and free states|slave states]] used the church as a hiding place and refuge on their way to the [[slavery in the United States#Abolitionism in the North|abolitionist Northern United States]].<ref name="remake"/><ref name="Sabella1"/> Individuals would hide in the basement, attic, and behind the organ until moving on to the next location.<ref name="Sabella1"/>

In 1858, Portsmouth became an [[independent city (United States)|independent city]], but it remained the seat of [[Norfolk County, Virginia|Norfolk County]].<ref name=PRC>{{cite book |title=Report of the Philadelphia Relief Committee |date=1856 |publisher=Inquirer Printing Office |location=Philadelphia |pages=1–5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pP4zAQAAMAAJ&dq=yellow+fever+memorial+laurel+hill+cemetery&pg=PR10 |access-date=July 13, 2020}}</ref>

===American Civil War and postbellum===
During the [[American Civil War]], in 1861, Virginia joined the [[Confederate States of America]]. Fearing that the Confederacy would take control of the shipyard at Portsmouth, the shipyard commander ordered the burning of the shipyard. The Confederate forces did in fact take over the shipyard and did so without armed conflict through an elaborate [[Deception|ruse]] orchestrated by civilian [[railroad]] builder [[William Mahone]] (soon to become a famous Confederate officer). The [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] forces withdrew to [[Fort Monroe]] across Hampton Roads, which was the only land in the area which remained under Union control.{{citation_needed|date=August 2019}}

In early 1862, the Confederate [[ironclad warship]] [[CSS Virginia|CSS ''Virginia'']] was rebuilt using the burned-out hulk of [[USS Merrimack (1855)|USS ''Merrimack'']]. ''Virginia'' engaged the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] ironclad [[USS Monitor|USS ''Monitor'']] in the famous [[Battle of Hampton Roads]] during the Union blockade of [[Hampton Roads]]. The Confederates burned the shipyard again when they left in May 1862.{{citation_needed|date=August 2019}}

Following the recapture of Norfolk and Portsmouth by the Union forces, the name of the shipyard was changed to [[Norfolk Naval Shipyard]]. The name of the shipyard was derived from its location in [[Norfolk County, Virginia|Norfolk County]]. The Norfolk Naval Shipyard today is located entirely within the city limits of Portsmouth, Virginia. The Norfolk Naval Shipyard name has been retained to minimize any confusion with the [[Portsmouth Naval Shipyard]], which itself is actually located in [[Kittery, Maine]], across the [[Piscataqua River]] from [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire]].{{citation_needed|date=August 2019}}

By 1870, the population of the city was 10,590.

In 1894, the city annexed portions of Norfolk County North of the city.<ref name="Eyre"/>

===20th century===
In 1909, the city annexed additional areas west of the city that were previously part of Norfolk County.<ref name="Eyre"/> By 1910, due to the annexation and the city's growth, the population had increased to 33,190.

The Key Road School, the first school for Black children in the area, was founded in 1921 by [[Julius Rosenwald]] and [[Booker T. Washington]].<ref name="keyroad">{{cite news |title=Portsmouth mural on the Olympian Sports Club pays tribute to building's history as first school in area for Black children |url=https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/mycity/portsmouth/portsmouth-mural-pays-tribute-first-school-for-black-children/291-6bf4fbe9-d812-4e77-9472-4a04e2982ec1 |access-date=21 April 2025 |publisher=13NewsNow |date=July 7, 2023}}</ref> The school was open to students from first through seventh grade. In 1926, the school moved to a new building, with funding coming from the Black community, the Rosenwald Fund, and Norfolk County.<ref name="Colvin">{{cite news |last1=Colvin |first1=Leonard E. |title=CivilOld School Building Used By Olympian Sports Club To Get State Marker |url=https://thenewjournalandguide.com/old-school-building-used-by-olympian-sports-club-to-get-state-marker/?srsltid=AfmBOooezGqDI1RULN1py5baNpChGjRYboatM2PlSNNIu8fTI7etDKZC |access-date=21 April 2025 |publisher=The New Journal & Guide}}</ref> The school closed in 1965.<ref name="Colvin"/> After the school ceased operations, the I.C. Norcom School Boosters briefly used the building as its headquarters.<ref name="Colvin"/> In 1971, the Olympian Sports Club, which sponsors Black youth athletics, began using the building.<ref name="keyroad"/> In 2017, the city sought to condem and raze the former school building, but the African-American Historic Society of Portsmouth fought for the building to receive historic designation, and the building was preserved.<ref name="Colvin"/> It is marked with a Virginia Historical Highway Marker.<ref name="Colvin"/>

{{multiple image
| align     = right
| direction = vertical
| width     = 220
| image1    = NorfolkNavyYard PaulJones KatrinaLuckenbach Rondo NH-102950.jpg
| caption1  = Camouflaged ships in Norfolk Navy Yard, Portsmouth, Virginia {{circa|October 1918}}. From left to right: the destroyer ''Paul Jones'', and cargo ships ''Katrina Luckenbach'' and ''Rondo''.
| image2    = PortsmouthVirginiaLightship.jpg
| caption2  = The [[Lightvessel|Lightship]] Portsmouth is part of the Naval Shipyard Museum
}}
During and after [[World War II]], the shipyard flourished, and suburban development surrounded both Norfolk and Portsmouth. The [[Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Museum]] was established in 1949.<ref name=aaslh2002/> In 1948, Portsmouth annexed additional areas from the county, expanding the city boundary westward to the Western Branch area.<ref name="Eyre"/> In 1960, Portsmouth annexed an additional ten square miles of Norfolk County, increasing the population by 36,000 residents. The total population in 1960 was 114,773.<ref name="Eyre"/> Portsmouth continued as the [[county seat]] of [[Norfolk County, Virginia|Norfolk County]] until 1963 when the new [[Chesapeake, Virginia|city of Chesapeake]] was formed in a political consolidation with the [[South Norfolk, Virginia|city of South Norfolk]]. In 1968, Portsmouth again annexed parts of Norfolk County, including ten square miles of land, 14 square miles of water area, and 11,000 residents.<ref name="Eyre"/> The newly annexed parts were all within the northern third of the Western Branch Borough.<ref name="Eyre"/> Portsmouth's other county neighbor, the former [[Nansemond County, Virginia|Nansemond County]], also consolidated with a smaller city, forming the new [[Suffolk, Virginia|city of Suffolk]] in 1974.{{citation_needed|date=August 2019}}

During the 1998 [[Hurricane Bonnie]], the Naval Shipyard provided safe haven for vessels of the Atlantic Fleet that were unable to get underway.<ref name="dvids">{{cite web |last1=Pendleton |first1=Victoria |title=The Heritage Hour: A Glance into the Vital History of Norfolk Naval Shipyard Log 09-23: The Perfect Storm – Why Preparedness is Important at NNSY |url=https://www.dvidshub.net/news/452995/heritage-hour-glance-into-vital-history-norfolk-naval-shipyard-log-09-23-perfect-storm-why |website=Defense Visual Information Distribution Service |access-date=21 April 2025}}</ref>

===21st century===
By 2000, the population of Portsmouth was 100,565.<ref name=2000CensusP004/> As one of the older cities of [[Hampton Roads]], in the early 21st century, Portsmouth was undergoing moderate [[urban renewal]] in the downtown.{{citation_needed|date=August 2019}}

The APM "MAERSK" marine terminal for container ships opened in 2007 in the West Norfolk section.{{citation_needed|date=August 2019}}

By 2010, the population had decreased to 95,535.<ref name=census10/> By 2020, the population had increased slightly for the first time in decades, with 97,915 residents.<ref name=census20/>

===Timeline===
====18th century====
* 1752 – Portsmouth founded by politician [[William Crawford (Virginia politician)|William Crawford]]; named after [[Portsmouth, England]].<ref name=LVA-maps>{{cite web |url=http://www.lva.virginia.gov/whatwehave/local/county_formation/locality_maps_bioCitiesLP.htm#Portsmouth_City |publisher=[[Library of Virginia]] |location=Richmond |work=County and City Records |title= Maps and Formation Information: Portsmouth |access-date=March 18, 2017 }}</ref>
* 1767 – [[Norfolk Naval Shipyard|Gosport Shipyard]], later renamed the Norfolk Naval Shipyard, founded by [[Andrew Sprowle]].
* 1779 – Portsmouth [[Chesapeake raid|sacked]] by British forces during the [[American Revolutionary War]].<ref name="Gross1990">{{cite book|author=Ernie Gross|title=This Day in American History|url=https://archive.org/details/thisdayinamerica0000gros|url-access=registration|year=1990|publisher=Neal-Schuman |isbn=978-1-55570-046-1}}</ref>

====19th century====
*'''1800s'''
** 1805 – [[Dismal Swamp Canal]] opens.{{sfn|Federal Writers' Project|1941}}
*'''1810s'''
** 1812 – [[War of 1812]] begins
** 1813 – [[Craney Island (Virginia)|Craney Island Fort]] is completed
** 1815 – War of 1812 ends.
*'''1820s'''
** 1821 – Fire.{{sfn|Hellmann|2006}}
** 1822 – [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk]]-Portsmouth steam ferry begins operating.{{sfn|Hellmann|2006}}
** 1824 – October 25: [[Visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States|Lafayette visits]] Portsmouth.<ref name=CityHistory485>{{cite web |url=http://www.portsmouthva.gov/485/Portsmouth-History |title=Portsmouth History |publisher=City of Portsmouth |access-date=March 18, 2017 }} (Timeline)</ref>
** 1827  – [[Naval Medical Center Portsmouth|Norfolk Naval Hospital]] opens. It would later be renamed Naval Medical Center Portsmouth.
*'''1830s'''
** 1830 – [[Trinity Episcopal Church (Portsmouth, Virginia)|Trinity Episcopal Church]] is established.
** 1832 – [[Cedar Grove Cemetery (Portsmouth, Virginia)|Cedar Grove Cemetery]] is established.
** 1834 – [[Drydock Number One, Norfolk Naval Shipyard]] is put into service.
** 1836 – Town of Portsmouth incorporated.<ref name=LVA-maps />
** 1837 – [[Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad|Portsmouth & Roanoke Railroad]] begins operating.{{sfn|Hellmann|2006}}
*'''1840s'''
** 1840 – [[1840 United States census#City rankings|Population]]: 6,477.<ref name=census1998>{{citation |title=Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990 |year=1998 |url=https://www.census.gov/library/working-papers/1998/demo/POP-twps0027.html |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau }}</ref>
** 1846 – [[Portsmouth Courthouse|Norfolk County Courthouse]] built.{{sfn|Hellmann|2006}}
*'''1850s'''
** 1850 – [[1850 United States census#City rankings|Population]]: 8,626.<ref name=census1998 />
** 1855 – [[Yellow fever]] outbreak begins in Portsmouth and later spreads to Norfolk.{{sfn|Forrest|1856}}
** 1857 – Emanuel [[African Methodist Episcopal Church]] is built.
** 1858 – City of Portsmouth incorporated as an [[independent city (United States)|independent city]] (separated from [[Norfolk County, Virginia|Norfolk County]]).<ref name=LVA-maps />
*'''1860s'''
** 1861
*** [[American Civil War|Civil War]] begins. Virginia joins the [[Confederate States of America]].
*** [[Battle of Sewell's Point]].
** 1862
*** [[CSS Virginia]] is commissioned.
***[[Battle of Hampton Roads]]
** 1865 – Zion Baptist Church founded.{{sfn|Pollock|1886}}{{sfn|Stewart|1902}}
** 1867 – Virginia Baptist State Convention organized during a meeting in Portsmouth.<ref name=VFH>{{cite web |url=http://encyclopediavirginia.org |title=Encyclopedia Virginia |publisher=[[Virginia Foundation for the Humanities]] |location=Charlottesville |access-date=March 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503103811/http://encyclopediavirginia.org/ |archive-date=May 3, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*'''1870s'''
** 1870 – Population: 10,590.
*'''1890s'''
** 1890 – Became a stop on the [[Atlantic and Danville Railway]].<ref name="AmRails2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.american-rails.com/nfd.html#gallery[pageGallery]/3/|title=American Rails|last=Burns|first=Adam|access-date=June 18, 2020 }}</ref> 
** 1894 – Annexation of portions of Norfolk County north of the city.<ref name="Eyre">John D. Eyre, “City-County Territorial Competition: The Portsmouth, Virginia Case”, Southeastern Geographer, Vol. 9, No. 2, An Issue Devoted to Political Geography (November 1969), pp. 26–38</ref>
** 1895 – The [[Portsmouth Truckers]] begin competing as a Minor League Baseball team.
** 1896 – [[Norfolk and Portsmouth Belt Line Railroad]] begins.
** 1897 – [[Portsmouth General Hospital (Virginia)|King's Daughters' Hospital Home for the Sick]] opens, which would later become known as Portsmouth General Hospital.<ref name=pghfoundation/>
** 1898 – [[Pythian Castle (Portsmouth, Virginia)|Pythian Castle]] is built for the Atlantic Lodge, Knights of Pythias.

====20th century====
*'''1900s'''
** 1900 – Lyceum Theatre in business.<ref name=cinema>{{cite web |url= http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/united-states/virginia/portsmouth?status=all |title=Movie Theaters in Portsmouth, VA |work=CinemaTreasures.org |publisher= Cinema Treasures LLC |location=Los Angeles |access-date= March 18, 2017 }}</ref>
** 1905 [[St. Paul's Catholic Church (Portsmouth, Virginia)|St. Paul's Catholic Church]] is dedicated.
** 1909 – Annexation of portions of Norfolk County West of the city.<ref name="Eyre"/> 
*'''1910s'''
** 1910 – Population: 33,190.
** 1914
*** [[World War I]] begins.
*** Portsmouth Public Library opens.
** 1918
*** [[Cradock Historic District|Cradock]] and [[Truxtun Historic District|Truxtun]] are developed by the [[United States Housing Corporation]] to meet the housing needs for the influx of workers at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard during World War I.<ref name=cradock/><ref name=truxtun/> Truxtun is the first wartime government housing project constructed exclusively for African-American residents.<ref name=truxtun/>
*** World War I ends.
** 1919 – Expansion via the annexation of parts of Norfolk County that included the port zone (Pinner's Point) along the Elizbeth River to the north and residential areas to the West.<ref name="Eyre"/>
*'''1920s'''
** 1921 – The Key Road School, the first school for Black children in the area, is founded by [[Julius Rosenwald]] and [[Booker T. Washington]].<ref name="keyroad"/><ref name="Colvin"/>
** 1922 – Chevra Thilim Synagogue built.<ref name=Goldring>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.isjl.org/virginia-encyclopedia.html |title=Portsmouth, Virginia |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Southern Jewish Communities |publisher=Goldring / Woldenberg Institute of Southern Jewish Life |location=Jackson, Mississippi |access-date=March 18, 2017 }}</ref>
*'''1930s'''
** 1939
*** Lyric Theatre in business.<ref name=cinema />
*** World War II begins.
*'''1940s'''
** 1945
*** Portsmouth Public Community Library founded with [[Bertha Edwards]] as the founding librarian.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McCall |first=Nathan J. |date=April 27, 1979 |title=Black libraries had rough beginning |pages=14 |website=Spartan Echo |url=https://virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=SPTE19790427&dliv=userclipping&cliparea=1.14,331,374,4260,5416&factor=9&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-%22Bertha+Edwards%22------- |access-date=December 9, 2023 }}</ref>
*** [[Bon Secours Maryview Medical Center|Glensheallah Hospital]] opens. It would later become Bon Secours Maryview Medical Center.
*** [[Commodore Theatre]] opens on High Street.
*** World War II ends.
** 1947 – [[The Circle (Portsmouth, Virginia)|The Circle]] is built.
** 1948 – The fourth annexation since becoming an independent city, pushing the city boundary westward to Western Branch.<ref name="Eyre"/>
** 1949 – [[Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Museum]] established.<ref name=aaslh2002>{{cite book |title=Directory of Historical Organizations in the United States and Canada |year=2002 |edition=15th |isbn=0759100020 |author= American Association for State and Local History |chapter=Virginia: Portsmouth |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=LY0Q5Rv4O3YC |page=830 |publisher=Rowman Altamira |author-link=American Association for State and Local History }}</ref>
*'''1950s'''
** 1950 – Population: 80,039.
** 1952 – [[Norfolk–Portsmouth Bridge–Tunnel]], later known as the Downtown Tunnel, opens.
** 1953
*** The first [[Portsmouth Invitational Tournament]].
*** [[Temple Sinai (Portsmouth, Virginia)|Temple Sinai]] is established in December.
** 1955 – Portsmouth Historical Association founded.<ref name=aaslh2002 />
** 1957 – [[WAVY-TV]] begins broadcasting.<ref name=CityHistory485 />
*'''1960s'''
** 1960
*** Portsmouth annexes additional portions of Norfolk County, including ten square miles and 36,000 residents.<ref name="Eyre"/>
*** Population: 114,773.
** 1961 – [[Portsmouth-Norfolk Tides]] begin playing.
** 1962 – [[Midtown Tunnel (Virginia)|Midtown Tunnel]] begins operating.
** 1963 – Public Library's "Local History Room" established.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.portsmouth-va-public-library.com/local-history-collection/ |publisher= Portsmouth Public Library |title= Local History |access-date=March 18, 2017 }}</ref>
** 1964 – [[United States lightship Portsmouth (LV-101)|United States lightship ''Portsmouth'']] is donated to the city to become part of the Naval Shipyard Museum.
** 1965 – The Key Road School closes.<ref name="keyroad"/><ref name="Colvin"/>
** 1966 – [[Virginia Sports Hall of Fame and Museum]] established.{{sfn|Hellmann|2006}}
** 1968 – Further annexation of Norfolk County including ten square miles of land, 14 square miles of water area, and 11,000 residents, all within the northern one-third of Western Branch Borough.<ref name="Eyre"/> [[West Norfolk, Virginia|West Norfolk]] is part of the annexation.<ref name=wn>{{CTB minutes|02-1968-01|pages=9, 27}}</ref>
*'''1970s'''
** 1970 – [[Portsmouth Public Schools]] is established by the Virginia General Assembly.
** 1972 – [[Manor High School (Portsmouth, Virginia)|Manor High School]] opens.
** 1974 – [[Richard Joseph Davis]] becomes mayor.<ref name="Sherwood">{{cite news |last1=Sherwood |first1=Tom |title=Dick Davis' Happiest Hurrah |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1985/03/28/dick-davis-happiest-hurrah/0445b693-f76a-4c2a-ae0b-a89d2efc1045/ |access-date=25 April 2025 |publisher=The Washington Post |date=March 27, 1985}}</ref>
*'''1980s'''
** 1980 – The [[Tidewater Children's Museum]] is established by volunteers from the Portsmouth Service League in the basement of the Portsmouth Library's main branch.
** 1981
*** ''Portsmouth Times'' [[List of newspapers in Virginia|newspaper]] begins publication.<ref name=LOC>{{cite web |url= http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/search/titles/results/?state=Virginia&city=Portsmouth&rows=50&sort=date |title=US Newspaper Directory |location=Washington DC |work=[[Chronicling America]] |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=March 18, 2017 }}</ref>
*** After serving as mayor for six years, Richard Joseph Davis is elected [[Lieutenant Governor of Virginia]], becoming the first Catholic elected to a statewide office in Virginia history.<ref name="Altamirano">{{cite news |last1=Altamirano |first1=Natasha |title=Religion also guides Bolling and McDonnell |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pQQzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jggGAAAAIBAJ&dq=kaine%20mcdonnell&pg=3158%2C2601165 |access-date=23 April 2025 |publisher=The Free-Lance Star |date=January 11, 2006}}</ref>
** 1984
*** [[James W. Holley III]] becomes the first [[List of first African-American mayors|African-American mayor]].
*** [[Louise Lucas]] becomes the first African-American woman to serve on the Portsmouth City Council.
*** [[Angelos Bible College]] opens.
*** The Tidewater Children's Museum moves to the old Norfolk County Courthouse building.
** 1986 – [[Kenneth R. Melvin]], from Portsmouth, is elected to represent the [[Virginia's 80th House of Delegates district|80th District]] in the Virginia House of Delegates.
*'''1990s'''
** 1991 – Louise Lucas is elected to the Virginia General Assembly as a State Senator.
** 1993 – [[Bobby Scott (politician)|Bobby Scott]] becomes [[U.S. representative]] for [[Virginia's 3rd congressional district]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Official Congressional Directory |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Government Printing Office |year= 1993 |chapter= Virginia |via= [[HathiTrust]] |hdl=2027/uc1.l0072691827 |title-link=Official Congressional Directory |series=1991/1992- : S. Pub. }}</ref>
** 1994 – The Tidewater Children's Museum is renamed the [[Children's Museum of Virginia]]. The museum moves into a building on High Street.
** 1998
*** Museum of Military History established.<ref name=aaslh2002 />
*** Hampton Roads Regional Jail opens.
** 1999 – Portsmouth General Hospital closes after more than 100 years of operation.<ref name=pghfoundation/>

====21st century====
*'''2000s'''
** 2000 – Population: 100,565<ref name=2000CensusP004/>
** 2001 – [[Randy Forbes]] becomes U.S. representative for [[Virginia's 4th congressional district]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Official Congressional Directory |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Government Printing Office |year= 2002 |chapter= Virginia |series=1991/1992- : S. Pub. |hdl=2027/msu.31293021143627 }}</ref>
** 2005 – The newly renovated Governor Dinwiddie Hotel reopens after being closed for more than ten years.
*'''2010s'''
** 2010 – Population: 95,535.<ref name=census10>{{cite web |url= https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/51740 |title= Portsmouth city, Virginia |work=QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 18, 2017 }}</ref>
** 2011 – [[Death of Kirill Denyakin|Kirill Denyakin]] is shot and killed by police officer Stephen Rankin. Rankin is not indicted on charges.<ref name="CNS">{{cite news |last1=Bouboushian |first1=Rose |title=Court Balks at Tossing Excessive Force Case |url=https://www.courthousenews.com/court-balks-at-tossing-excessive-force-case/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=Courthouse News Service |date=24 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323040429/https://www.courthousenews.com/court-balks-at-tossing-excessive-force-case/ |archive-date=23 March 2023}}</ref>
** 2013 – [[The Circle (Portsmouth, Virginia)|The Circle]] is demolished. It was officially removed from the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.
** 2015 – [[Death of William Chapman|William Chapman]] is the second person shot and killed by police officer Stephen Rankin. Rankin is ultimately convicted of manslaughter.<ref name=rankin1>{{Cite web | url=https://pilotonline.com/news/local/crime/article_2e1fd228-4716-5c48-8cb7-e2aab14e5448.html | title=Ex-Portsmouth Officer Stephen Rankin gets 2½ years, won't remain free during appeal}}</ref>
** 2017 – John L. Rowe Jr. becomes mayor.<ref name="City Council">{{cite web |url=http://www.portsmouthva.gov/524/City-Council |title=City Council |publisher=City of Portsmouth |access-date=March 18, 2017 }}</ref> The Sports Hall of Fame closes the Portsmouth location.<ref>https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/mycity/portsmouth/last-day-for-virginia-sports-hall-of-fame-at-portsmouth-location/291-453253188</ref>
** 2019 – [[Don Scott (Virginia politician)|Don Scott]] is [[2019 Virginia House of Delegates election|elected]] from Portsmouth to represent the 80th District in the Virginia House of Delegates.
*'''2020s'''
** 2020
*** Population: 97,915.<ref name=census20/>
*** Louise Lucas becomes the first woman and first African-American [[President pro tempore of the Senate of Virginia]]. 
*** The [[Confederate Monument (Portsmouth, Virginia)|Confederate Monument]] is vandalized during [[Black Lives Matter]] protests.<ref name="Matray"/>
** 2021 – Shannon Glover becomes mayor.<ref name="Collette">{{cite news |last1=Collette |first1=Christopher |last2=Daniel |first2=Edwin |title=Portsmouth Mayor Shannon Glover has won reelection in 2024 race |url=https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/mycity/portsmouth/shannon-glover-wins-portsmouth-mayor-race/291-4faef927-1465-467f-9cda-9eb6948fb72e |access-date=20 April 2025 |publisher=13NewsNow |date=November 6, 2024}}</ref>
** 2023
***[[Rivers Casino Portsmouth]], the first permanent Casino in Virginia History, opens in Portsmouth on Victory Blvd.
*** Don Scott is unanimously nominated by his caucus to become the first black [[Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-11 |title=Newly empowered Virginia Democrats nominate the state's first Black House speaker, Don Scott |url=https://apnews.com/article/virginia-elections-don-scott-glenn-youngkin-9e65f584e0c695835cd544bd358609e4 |access-date=April 22, 2025 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>
** 2024 – Hampton Roads Regional Jail permanently closes.

==Geography==
{{See also|Hampton Roads|Tidewater Region}}
[[File:Newport news norfolk portsmouth.jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[Newport News, Virginia|Newport News]], [[Hampton, Virginia|Hampton]], Portsmouth, and [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk]], seen from space in July 1996. Portsmouth is in the center-right portion of the photo. North is at left.]]
According to the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]], Portsmouth has a total area of {{convert|47|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|34|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|13|sqmi|km2}} (28.0%) is water. The city is in the [[Hampton Roads]] region of Virginia, and is bisected by the [[Western Branch Elizabeth River|West Branch]] of the [[Elizabeth River (Virginia)|Elizabeth River]] which flows from neighboring [[Suffolk, Virginia|Suffolk]].<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> The region is known for its [[roadstead]] and low-lying [[coastal plain|coastal plains]]. The Hampton Roads region is the 37th-largest metropolitan area in the United States.<ref name=PopEstCBSA>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html#v2023 |title=Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals: 2020-2023 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division |date=March 14, 2024 |access-date=March 15, 2024 }}</ref> Several creeks run through the city, including Scott Creek, Owens Creek, Paradise Creek, and Baines Creek, which are tributaries of the Elizabeth River.

The city borders [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk]] to the east, across the Elizabeth River. The river also runs along part of the city's southern border with [[Chesapeake, Virginia|Chesapeake]]. Portsmouth shares a border with [[Suffolk, Virginia|Suffolk]] to the west. To the north, the city is bordered by water, where the [[James River|James]], [[Nansemond River|Nansemond]], and [[Elizabeth River (Virginia)|Elizabeth]] rivers come together. North of that part of the roadstead are the cities of [[Newport News, Virginia|Newport News]] and [[Hampton, Virginia|Hampton]], which are connected to [[South Hampton Roads]] by the [[Monitor–Merrimac Memorial Bridge–Tunnel]], which connects Newport News and Suffolk. The city is northeast of the [[Great Dismal Swamp]], with the [[Dismal Swamp Canal]] nearly reaching Portsmouth. Porstmouth is also located {{cvt|13|mi|km}} west of [[Virginia Beach, Virginia|Virginia Beach]], {{cvt|18|mi|km}} north of the [[North Carolina]] border, {{cvt|79|mi|km}} southwest of [[Richmond, Virginia]], and {{cvt|148|mi|km}} southwest of [[Washington, D.C.]].

===Neighborhoods===
Portsmouth has six [[Historic districts in the United States|historic districts]]: [[Cradock Historic District|Cradock]], [[Downtown Portsmouth Historic District|Downtown]], [[Portsmouth Olde Towne Historic District|Olde Towne]], [[Park View Historic District|Park View]], [[Port Norfolk Historic District|Port Norfolk]], and [[Truxtun Historic District|Truxtun]].<ref name="historicdistricts">{{cite web |title=Historic Districts |url=https://www.portsmouthva.gov/413/Historic-Districts |website=City of Portsmouth |access-date=24 April 2025}}</ref> The historic districts were created to promote and preserve the cultural, education, and economic interests of the ciy.<ref name="historicdistricts"/> There is a historic rehabilitation tax credit available to citizens who work towards preserving and restoring homes in the neighborhoods.<ref name="historicdistricts"/>

{{multiple image
| align          = center
| direction      = horizontal
| width          = 230
| perrow         = 5
| caption_align  = center
| image1         = Craddock Historic District, Portsmouth, Virginia.jpg
| caption1       = [[Cradock Historic District|Cradock]]
| image2         = A downtown street in Portsmouth, VA.jpg
| caption2       = [[Downtown Portsmouth Historic District|Downtown]]
| image3         = Park View Historic District, Crawford St Entrance 12SEP2014.jpg
| caption3       = [[Park View Historic District|Park View]]
| image4         = PORT NORFOLK HISTORIC DISTRICT, PORTSMOUTH, VA.jpg
| caption4       = [[Port Norfolk Historic District|Port Norfolk]]
| image5         = Truxton, Portsmouth west of Dahlia.jpg
| caption5       = [[Truxtun Historic District|Truxtun]]
}}

Cradock Historic District is a residential area that encompasses 759 buildings and 1 structure. Development of the neighborhood began in 1918, with plans for a community of Colonial Revival and Bungalow style single family residences. It was developed by the [[United States Housing Corporation]] as a result of the rapid influx of workers at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard during [[World War I]]. The district was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] and the [[Virginia Landmarks Register]] in 1974.<ref name=cradock>{{cite web|title=Virginia Landmarks Register|url=http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/register_counties_cities.htm|publisher=Virginia Department of Historic Resources|accessdate=19 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053819/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/register_counties_cities.htm|archive-date=21 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Downtown Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. The area is bounded by [[Interstate 264 (Virginia)|Interstate 264]], Middle Street, Primrose Street, and Queen Street. In contrast to the residential Olde Towne District, Downtown is a [[central business district]].<ref name=downtown>{{cite web |url=http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Portsmouth/124-5063_Downtown_Portsmouth_HD_2004_Final_Nomination.pdf |title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Downtown Portsmouth Historic District |author=Kimble A. David |date=June 2002 |publisher=Virginia Department of Historic Resources }} and [http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Portsmouth/DowntownPortHD_photo.htm ''Accompanying photo''] and [http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Portsmouth/Portsmouth_20101005.pdf ''Accompanying map''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927025625/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Portsmouth/Portsmouth_20101005.pdf |date=2012-09-27 }}</ref> It is sometimes referred to as the High Street Corridor Historic District.

The Olde Towne Historic District is adjacent to the Downtown District, and features one of the largest collections of historically significant homes between [[Alexandria, Virginia]] and [[Charleston, South Carolina]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.portsmouthvaed.com/overview_history.html|title=Our History|date=August 30, 2008|website=Portsmouth Virginia Department of Economic Development|access-date=April 17, 2018|archive-date=August 30, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830052445/http://www.portsmouthvaed.com/overview_history.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Emanuel [[African Methodist Episcopal Church]] was built by slaves and free men in 1857 and is the second-oldest building in Portsmouth and the city's oldest black church.<ref name="eame">{{cite web |title=Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church |url=https://portsvacation.com/places/emanuel-african-methodist-episcopal-church/ |website=City of Portsmouth |access-date=20 April 2025}}</ref>{{citation_needed|date=August 2019}} The church was required by law to have a white minister, and did not have its first African-American pastor until Reverend James A. Handy took the position in 1864.<ref name="remake">{{cite web |title=African M. E. Church and Parsonage, Portsmouth |url=https://www.virginiamemory.com/online-exhibitions/exhibits/show/remaking-virginia/item/562 |website=Remaking Virginia}}</ref> In 1871, the congregation affiliated with the African Methodist Episcopal Church and became known as the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church.<ref name="remake"/> The church was part of the [[Underground Railroad]], used by [[Fugitive slaves in the United States|freedom seekers]] to escape to the [[slavery in the United States#Abolitionism in the North|abolitionist Northern United States]].<ref name="remake"/><ref name="Sabella1">{{cite news |last1=Sabella |first1=Anthony |title=New sign marks historic Portsmouth church as Underground Railroad stop |url=https://www.wtkr.com/news/new-sign-marks-historic-portsmouth-church-as-underground-railroad-stop |access-date=20 April 2025 |publisher=WTKR |date=September 9, 2022}}</ref> In 2022, the church was officially recognized as part of the [[Civil War Trails Program]] and the National Park Service's [[Network to Freedom]] trail.<ref name="Sabella1"/> Olde Towne contains a number of other historic buildings, as well, including the [[Pass House]], which was built in 1841 by Judge James Murdaugh and occupied by Union troops from 1862 to 1865. Federal forces required Portsmouth residents to obtain a written pass to travel across the Elizabeth River and beyond. These passes were issued from the [[English basement]] and thus the name "Pass House" was derived.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hoyer|first=Meghan|date=July 5, 2010|title=What's in a name? {{!}} The Pass House in Portsmouth |url=https://www.pilotonline.com/history/article_103de0b6-cbf2-5f8c-b75d-22da9c2dcac7.html |work=Virginian-Pilot |location=Norfolk, Virginia |access-date=April 26, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://oldetowneportsmouth.com/walking-tour/ | title=Walking Tour: An Exciting Stroll Through History | author=<!--Not stated--> | date=n.d. |website=Welcome to Olde Towne |publisher=Olde Towne Business Association |quote=During the Civil War, the basement of the house was used as an office for the provost-marshal. It was here that the Union occupation issued passes to cross the ferry to Norfolk. Citizens had to swear allegiance to the Union to be permitted to leave the city. This house is an excellent example of an English basement house.}}</ref>

Park View Historic District includes 295 buildings in a primarily residential section of northeast Portsmouth. The district was developed in the late-19th and early-20th centuries. Architecture in the neighborhood includes notable examples of Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and American Foursquare style single family residences. Park View was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.<ref name=pvvaregister>{{cite web|title=Virginia Landmarks Register|url=http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/register_counties_cities.htm|publisher=Virginia Department of Historic Resources|accessdate=19 March 2013}}</ref><ref name=parkview>{{cite web|url=http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Portsmouth/124-0055_Park_View_Historic_District_1984_Final_Nomination.pdf |title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Park View Historic District |author=Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission Staff |date=August 1984|publisher=Virginia Department of Historic Resources}} and [http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Portsmouth/ParkViewHD_Photo.htm ''Accompanying photo''] and [http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Portsmouth/Portsmouth_20101005.pdf ''Accompanying map'']</ref>

Port Norfolk Historic District was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.<ref name=pnvaregister>{{cite web|title=Virginia Landmarks Register|url=http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/register_counties_cities.htm|publisher=Virginia Department of Historic Resources|accessdate=19 March 2013}}</ref> The historic neighbhorhood encompasses 621 buildings and 1 site and was developed between 1890 and 1910. Like Cradock and Park View, Port Norfolk is primarily a residential neighborhood. Architecture in the area includes notable examples of Queen Anne, Bungalow, American Craftsman, and American Foursquare style single family residences.<ref name=portnorfolk>{{cite web |url=http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Portsmouth/124-0051_Port_Norfolk_HD_1983_Final_Nomination.pdf |title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Port Norfolk Historic District |author=Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission Staff |date=August 1983 |publisher=Virginia Department of Historic Resources }} and [http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Portsmouth/PortNorfolkHD_Photo.htm ''Accompanying photo''] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20120927025625/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Portsmouth/Portsmouth_20101005.pdf ''Accompanying map'']</ref>

Truxtun Historic District encompasses 241 buildings. The district was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register in 1980<ref name=truxvaregister>{{cite web|title=Virginia Landmarks Register|url=http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/register_counties_cities.htm|publisher=Virginia Department of Historic Resources|accessdate=19 March 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053819/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/register_counties_cities.htm|archivedate=21 September 2013}}</ref> and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The neighborhood is primarily residential and was developed between 1918 and 1920 as a planned community of Colonial Revival style single family residences. Alongside Cradock, Truxtun was developed by the United States Housing Corporation as a result of the rapid influx of workers at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard during World War I; however, Truxtun was the first wartime government housing project constructed exclusively for African-American residents.<ref name=truxtun>{{cite web |url=http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Portsmouth/124-0047_Truxtun_HD_1982_Final_Nomination.pdf |title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Truxtun Historic District |author=Lisbeth Lund Coke |date=April 1980 |publisher=Virginia Department of Historic Resources }} and [http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Portsmouth/TruxtonHD_Photo.htm ''Accompanying photo''] and [http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Portsmouth/Portsmouth_20101005.pdf ''Accompanying map''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927025625/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Portsmouth/Portsmouth_20101005.pdf |date=2012-09-27 }}</ref> In 1921 the Federal Government sold the neighborhood.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_rQRAQAAMAAJ&dq=richard+pollard+mcclain&pg=PA336|title=Who's who in Colored America|year=1942}}</ref>

====List of neighborhoods====
{{div col}}
* Academy Park
* Alexander Corner
* Armistead Forest
* Cavalier Manor
* Churchland
* [[Cradock Historic District]]
* [[Downtown Portsmouth Historic District|Downtown]]
* Midtown
* [[Portsmouth Olde Towne Historic District|Olde Towne Historic District]]
* Park Manor
* [[Park View Historic District]]
* Pinner Point
* [[Port Norfolk Historic District]]
* Prentiss Park
* Shea Terrace
* Swimming Point
* [[Truxtun Historic District]]
* [[West Norfolk, Virginia|West Norfolk]]
* West Park Homes
* West Park Manor
* Westhaven
* Westhaven Park
* Westmoreland
* Westwood
* Williams Court
* Windy Pines
* Woodbine
{{div col end}}

===Climate===
Portsmouth experiences a [[humid subtropical climate]]. Summers are hot and humid with warm evenings. The mean annual temperature is {{convert|65|°F|°C|abbr=on}}, with an average annual snowfall of 3&nbsp;inches and an average annual rainfall of 47&nbsp;inches. No measurable snow fell in 1999. The wettest seasons are the spring and summer, although rainfall is fairly constant all year round. The highest recorded temperature was 105.0&nbsp;°F in 1980. The lowest recorded temperature was −3.0&nbsp;°F on [[January 1985 Arctic outbreak|January 21, 1985]].<ref name = "NWS Wakefield, VA (AKQ)"/>

Additionally, the geographic location of the city, with respect to the principal storm tracks, is especially favorable, as it is south of the average path of storms originating in the higher latitudes, and north of the usual tracks of hurricanes and other major tropical storms.<ref name="Virginia Hurricane Climatology">Information from [http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/roth/vaclimohur.htm NOAA].</ref> Snow falls rarely, averaging {{convert|3|in|mm}} per season.<ref>"[http://www.erh.noaa.gov/er/akq/climate/ORF_Climate_Records.pdf Quick Data View Norfolk]." ''[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]].'' 1971–2000.</ref>
{{Norfolk, Virginia weatherbox}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1840= 6477
|1850= 8626
|1860= 9496
|1870= 10590
|1880= 11390
|1890= 13268
|1900= 17427
|1910= 33190
|1920= 54387
|1930= 45704
|1940= 50745
|1950= 80039
|1960= 114773
|1970= 110963
|1980= 104577
|1990= 103910
|2000= 100565
|2010= 95535
|2020= 97915
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing from 1790|publisher=[[US Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 24, 2022}}</ref><br />1790–1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=January 6, 2014}}</ref> 1900–1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/va190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 6, 2014}}</ref><br />1990–2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 6, 2014}}</ref> 2010–2013<ref name="QF">{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/51/51740.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217204213/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/51/51740.html|archive-date=February 17, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Portsmouth, Virginia – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Portsmouth city, Virginia|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=1600000US5164000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010Census>{{cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Portsmouth city, Virginia|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US5164000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Portsmouth city, Virginia|url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P1?g=050XX00US51740&y=2020|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|45,403
|38,526
|style='background: #ffffe6; |34,912
|45.15%
|40.33%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |35.66%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|50,569
|50,327
|style='background: #ffffe6; |51,586
|50.28%
|52.68%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |52.68%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|449
|379
|style='background: #ffffe6; |355
|0.45%
|0.40%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.36%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|762
|994
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1,244
|0.76%
|1.04%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1.27%
|-
|[[Native Hawaiian]] or [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|60
|104
|style='background: #ffffe6; |134
|0.06%
|0.11%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.14%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|113
|118
|style='background: #ffffe6; |490
|0.11%
|0.12%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.50%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|1,461
|2,168
|style='background: #ffffe6; |4,781
|1.45%
|2.27%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |4.88%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|1,748
|2,919
|style='background: #ffffe6; |4,413
|1.74%
|3.06%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |4.51%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''100,565'''
|'''95,535'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''97,915'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], there were 97,915 people living in the city. The census reported the city as 52.7% [[African American|Black or African American]] (51,586 people), 35.7% [[White Americans|White]] (34,912), 4.9% two or more races (4,781), 1.3% Asian (1,244), 0.4% Native American or Alaska Native (355), and 0.1% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander (134).<ref name=2020CensusP2/> Approximately 4.5% were [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]], of any race (4,413).<ref name=2020CensusP2/> It was the first census since 1960 in which the population of Portsmouth increased. The gender makeup was 52% female.<ref name=2020CensusP2/> There were 8,612 veterans living in the city, making up approximately 8.7% of the population.<ref name=2020CensusP2/>

There were 39,678 households, with an average of 2.38 people per household.<ref name=2020CensusP2/> The census reported that 23.2% of the population was under the age of 18, 15.2% of the population was over the age of 65, and the median age was estimated to be 35.5 years old.<ref name=2020CensusP2/> The median household income was $58,972, and the per capita income was $32,915, with 17.6% of the population living in poverty.<ref name=2020CensusP2/> While 89.2% of the people over the age of 25 were high school graduates, only 23.2% of those people had a [[bachelor's degree]] or higher.<ref name=2020CensusP2/>

===2010 census===
[[File:USA Portsmouth city, Virginia age pyramid.svg|thumb|upright=1|Age distribution in Portsmouth in 2010]]
As of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]],<ref name="GR8">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=May 14, 2011|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> there were 95,535 people, 38,170 households, and 25,497 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|3,032.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 41,605 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,254.7|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units&nbsp;|units|}}. The racial makeup of the city was 53.3% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 41.6% [[White American|White]], 0.4% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.1% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.1% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.0% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 3.1% of the population.

There were 38,170 households, out of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.1% were married couples living together, 10.9% have a female household with no husband present and 33.2% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $46,340, and the median income for a family was $53,769. Males had a median income of $39,871 versus $33,140 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $23,108. About 13.5% of families and 16.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 27.1% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.<ref>[https://archive.today/20200210221814/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/11_5YR/DP03/0500000US51740 Census.gov]</ref>

===Crime===
Crime in the city is much higher than elsewhere in Virginia or the United States generally.<ref>{{cite web |title=Crime in the United States |url=https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2014/crime-in-the-u.s.-2014/tables/table-1 |publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation |access-date=May 31, 2019}}</ref> Along with [[Newport News]] and [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk]], Portsmouth typically reports higher numbers of homcides than other cities in the [[Hampton Roads]] area.<ref name="Arintok"/><ref name="Harrison"/><ref name="Head"/> In 2021, Portsmouth reported 35 homicides, its highest number in years.<ref name="Arintok">{{cite news |last1=Arintok |first1=Angelique |title=Police: In 2021, Portsmouth had its highest homicide rate in years |url=https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/crime/portsmouth-police-forum-property-crime-homicide-rates/291-0e565661-8a05-420e-948b-66a3228a8b93 |access-date=12 April 2025 |date=January 26, 2022}}</ref> In 2022, Portsmouth police investigated 42 homicides, a record number for the city.<ref name="Harrison">{{cite news |last1=Harrison |first1=Emily |title=Homicide rates slightly dropped across Hampton Roads in 2023, but some cities saw a spike |url=https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/crime/homicide-rates-slightly-drop-across-hampton-roads-2023/291-730a5af3-d44e-4bef-8368-7fb52c192d7b |access-date=12 April 2025 |publisher=13NewsNow |date=January 1, 2024}}</ref> The police chief at the time stated that the department estimated only twenty percent of gunshots in the city were reported to the police.<ref name="Arintok"/> The homicide numbers dropped slightly in 2023 and 2024, but as of 2025, Portsmouth ranked highest among the seven Hampton Roads cities for the most homicides.<ref name="Head">{{cite news |last1=Head |first1=Leondra |title=Portsmouth mourns lives lost to homicide during prayer vigil |url=https://www.wtkr.com/news/in-the-community/portsmouth/city-of-portsmouth-mourns-lives-lost-to-homicide-during-prayer-vigil#:~:text=Portsmouth%20ranks%20highest%20among%20the,one%20so%20far%20in%202025. |access-date=12 April 2025 |publisher=WTKR |date=January 13, 2025}}</ref>

==Arts and culture==

===Tourism===
Portsmouth has a long history as a [[port town]] and city. The [[Portsmouth Olde Towne Historic District|Olde Towne Business and Historic District]] is located adjacent to the [[Downtown Portsmouth Historic District]], where a combination of preservation and redevelopment has been underway. The Hawthorn Hotel & Suites at The Governor Dinwiddie Hotel was renovated and reopened in 2005 after being closed for more than 10 years. It has been recognized by [[Historic Hotels of America]], a program of the [[National Trust for Historic Preservation]] that identifies hotels that have maintained their historical integrity, architecture and ambiance and provides resources for their preservation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailypress.com/news/local/portsmouth/dp-now-hotel,0,2376888.story|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011152149/http://www.dailypress.com/news/local/portsmouth/dp-now-hotel%2C0%2C2376888.story|title=Topic Galleries|website=dailypress.com|archive-date=October 11, 2007}}</ref> The historic hotel was named for [[List of colonial governors of Virginia|Governor]] [[Robert Dinwiddie]], who was the administrative head of the [[Colony of Virginia]] during the time Portsmouth was founded in 1752. It was largely through his efforts that Virginia survived the [[French and Indian War]] relatively well.<ref>[http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=114 Robert Dinwiddie – Ohio History Central – A product of the Ohio Historical Society<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

Other points of interest include the Portsmouth City Park, featuring the {{RailGauge|2ft|lk=on}} [[Narrow-gauge railway|narrow-gauge]]{{citation needed|date=March 2025}} Portsmouth City Railroad with an operating [[Chance Rides]] [[C. P. Huntington|C.P. Huntington]] locomotive named ''Pokey Smokey II''. The original ''Pokey Smokey'' locomotive was built by [[Crown Metal Products]] and ran at the park for many years before being sold at auction. It now runs on the Mideast Railroad in Ederville in [[Carthage, North Carolina]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hamptonroads.com/node/229731 |title=PilotOnline.com – Portsmouth's Pokey Smokey is sold to N.C. railroad contractor |access-date=February 20, 2014 |archive-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203235004/http://hamptonroads.com/node/229731 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.edervillenc.com/|title=Ederville - Train and Tractor Show in Carthage, NC|website=edervillenc.com}}</ref>

The [[Railroad Museum of Virginia]] located at Harbor Center Way features vintage railroad artifacts, rolling stock, and an operating [[Rail transport modelling|model train layout]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Railroad Museum of Virginia|url=http://www.railroadmuseumofvirginia.com/index.html|access-date=September 17, 2020|website=www.railroadmuseumofvirginia.com}}</ref>

The [[Children's Museum of Virginia]] is located in Portsmouth at 221 High Street. It is the largest children's museum in the state. The museum is busiest in the summer, receiving up to 1,000 visitors per day.<ref name="Sabella">{{cite news |last1=Sabella |first1=Anthony |title=Children's Museum tickets go fast as extreme heat sends families toward indoor entertainment |url=https://www.wtkr.com/news/in-the-community/portsmouth/childrens-museum-tickets-go-fast-as-extreme-heat-sends-families-toward-indoor-entertainment |access-date=13 April 2025 |publisher=WTKR |date=June 23, 2024}}</ref>

Completed in 2023, the [[Rivers Casino Portsmouth]] boasts a {{convert|50000|sqft|adj=on}} casino floor with slots, table games, poker tables, and a sportsbook.<ref name="RC">{{cite news |last=Arintok |first=Angelique |url=https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/mycity/portsmouth/rivers-casino-portsmouth-opening-day/291-206f6975-74d2-4319-bb53-736aa6d877ff |title=Rivers Casino Portsmouth attracts visitors from near, far on opening day |date=January 23, 2023 |publisher=WVEC |location=Hampton, VA |access-date=June 25, 2023}}</ref> It is the second casino in Virginia and the first casino in Virginia with a permanent facility.<ref name="RC" />

=== Historic sites ===
{{Main|National Register of Historic Places listings in Portsmouth, Virginia}}
[[File:Portsmouth Courthouse, former Norfolk County Courthouse, in Olde Towne Portsmouth, Virginia.jpg|alt=Portsmouth courthouse in the Olde Towne historic district|thumb|upright=1|Built in 1846, the [[Portsmouth Courthouse]] is a historic landmark in the center of the [[Portsmouth Olde Towne Historic District|Olde Towne Historic District]].]]

==== Seaboard Coastline Building ====
Located at 1 High Street in the Olde Towne Historic District, the [[Seaboard Coastline Building]] is a historic train station and former headquarters of the Seaboard Air Line railroad company.{{citation_needed|date=August 2019}}

====Hill House====
Hill House is a four-story 1825 English basement home furnished entirely with original family belongings. The Hill family were avid collectors and lived graciously over a period of 150 years. The house remains in its original condition, with limited renovation through the years.{{citation_needed|date=August 2019}}

====Cedar Grove Cemetery====
Established in 1832, [[Cedar Grove Cemetery (Portsmouth, Virginia)|Cedar Grove Cemetery]] is the oldest city-owned cemetery in Portsmouth. Listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Portsmouth, Virginia]], the cemetery is noted for its [[funerary art]] and the civic, business, maritime, religious and military leaders who are buried there. Historical markers placed throughout the cemetery allow for self-guided tours. The cemetery is located between Effingham Street and Fort Lane in Olde Towne Portsmouth. Entrance is through the south gate to the cemetery, located on London Boulevard.{{citation_needed|date=August 2019}}

==Sports==
{{See also|Portsmouth, Virginia minor league baseball history}}
In 1895, Portsmouth became home to the [[Portsmouth Truckers]], a [[Minor League Baseball|minor league]] professional baseball team. The team played in the Virginia State League. In 1896, the team was renamed the Portsmouth Browns and competed in the [[Virginia League]].<ref name=register/> In 1900, the team competed in the Virginia League as the Portsmouth Boers.<ref name=register/> They again competed as the Browns in 1901 in the Virginia-North Carolina League.<ref name=register/> From 1906 to 1909, the team played once again as the Portsmouth Truckers.<ref name=register/> In 1911, they competed in the Tidewater League.<ref name=register/> From 1912 to 1935, the team played in the Virginia League. They were the Portsmouth Pirates in 1912 and 1913, but returned to the mascot Truckers in 1914.<ref name=register/> In 1920, under managers Jim Barton and [[Jim Viox]], the team won the first of multiple league championships. They won their next title the next season, also under Viox's guidance. They won their third and final league championship in 1927, under the leadership of [[Zinn Beck]]. In 1935, they were affiliated with the [[Chicago Cubs]] and began competing in the [[Piedmont League]].<ref name=register/> Because of the affiliation, they began competing as the Portsmouth Cubs in 1936. The team was affiliated with the [[Philadelphia Phillies]] from 1939 to 1940, but was again affiliated with the Cubs from 1941 to 1947.<ref name="encyc">{{cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of Minor League Baseball |editor1-first=Lloyd |editor1-last=Johnson |editor2-first=Miles |editor2-last=Wolff |edition=Third |publisher=[[Baseball America]] |date=2007 |isbn=978-1932391176}}</ref><ref name=register>[https://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/team.cgi?city=Portsmouth&state=VA&country=US BR Minors page]</ref> From 1953 until 1955 the team was known as the Portsmouth Merrimacs.<ref name=register/>

Portsmouth hosted the Portsmouth-Norfolk Tides from 1961 to 1968, who played in the Class A level [[South Atlantic League]] from 1961 to 1962 and the Class A [[Carolina League]] from 1963 to 1968. The franchise played its last season in Portsmouth when the [[Jacksonville Suns]] of the Class AAA level [[International League]] moved there in 1969. In 1970, the franchise relocated permanently to [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk]], becoming the [[Tidewater Tides]] of the [[International League]] from 1969 to 1992. That team later evolved into today's Class AAA [[Norfolk Tides]].<ref name="encyc"/><ref name="City Stadium Portsmouth">{{Cite web|url=http://www.projectballpark.org/history/ecl/alt/portsmouth.html|title=City Stadium, Portsmouth, VA|website=projectballpark.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/register/team.cgi|title=1961 Portsmouth-Norfolk Tides Statistics|website=Baseball-Reference.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/register/team.cgi|title=1962 Portsmouth-Norfolk Tides Statistics|website=Baseball-Reference.com}}</ref>

Each April since 1953, the city hosts the [[Portsmouth Invitational Tournament]], where [[college basketball]] seniors play in front of scouts from the [[NBA]] and top European leagues. Many top basketball stars played in the PIT before successful pro careers, including [[Jimmy Butler]], [[Scottie Pippen]], [[Dennis Rodman]], and [[John Stockton]].

The Portsmouth Cavaliers were a basketball team founded in 2010 and played in the [[American Basketball Association (2000–present)|American Basketball Association]] for the 2011–12 season. Based in Portsmouth, Virginia, the Cavaliers played their home games at the [[Chick-fil-A]] Fieldhouse on the campus of Portsmouth Catholic Regional School. The club spent one season in the American Professional Basketball League (APBL) before folding.{{citation_needed|date=August 2019}}

==Government==
Portsmouth is one of the most consistently [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] of [[List of cities and counties in Virginia|all Virginia's cities and counties]]. It has only voted for a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] twice since 1900 (in 1928 and 1972), both of which were national landslides. It has voted for the Democratic candidate by over 60% since 1996, and in 2012 [[Barack Obama]] reached 70% of the vote for the first time since 1948.<ref>https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/</ref>

{{PresHead|place=Portsmouth, Virginia|source=<ref>{{cite web|author=David Leip |url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS |title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections |publisher=Uselectionatlas.org |access-date=December 8, 2020}}</ref>}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2024|Democratic|12,370|28,306|677|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2020|Democratic|12,755|30,948|879|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2016|Democratic|12,795|28,497|1,969|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2012|Democratic|12,858|32,501|563|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2008|Democratic|13,984|32,327|354|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2004|Democratic|15,212|24,112|210|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2000|Democratic|12,628|22,286|541|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1996|Democratic|10,686|22,150|2,573|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1992|Democratic|12,575|20,416|4,608|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1988|Democratic|16,087|19,698|274|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1984|Democratic|18,940|21,623|238|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1980|Democratic|13,660|20,900|1,389|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1976|Democratic|12,872|22,837|537|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|20,090|13,124|1,136|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1968|Democratic|9,402|15,734|12,245|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1964|Democratic|8,420|16,073|51|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1960|Democratic|6,900|9,902|178|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1956|Democratic|5,390|5,683|363|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1952|Democratic|3,621|6,188|46|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1948|Democratic|2,056|4,612|713|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1944|Democratic|1,129|5,735|13|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1940|Democratic|675|5,053|25|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|861|5,617|31|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|1,840|3,344|110|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1928|Republican|3,474|2,587|0|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1924|Democratic|604|2,206|603|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1920|Democratic|1,061|3,228|59|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1916|Democratic|376|1,368|67|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1912|Democratic|64|1,529|342|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1908|Democratic|407|1,154|9|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1904|Democratic|247|1,151|29|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1900|Democratic|566|1,743|23|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1896|Democratic|769|1,380|55|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1892|Democratic|1,052|1,728|32|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1888|Democratic|1,107|1,439|24|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1884|Republican|1,344|1,312|0|Virginia}}
{{PresFoot|1880|Democratic|1,024|1,270|0|Virginia}}

Portsmouth is governed under the [[Council-Manager]] form of government. The current mayor is Navy veteran and businessman Shannon Glover.<ref>{{cite news |first=Regina |last=Mobley |work=[[WAVY-TV]] |date=November 4, 2020 |title=Projected new Portsmouth Mayor Shannon Glover: 'We have to heal our city' |url=https://www.wavy.com/news/local-news/portsmouth/projected-new-portsmouth-mayor-shannon-glover-we-have-to-heal-our-city/ |access-date=March 26, 2024}}</ref> In 2024, Glover was re-elected for a second four-year term.<ref name="Dujardin">{{cite news |last1=Dujardin |first1=Peter |title=Portsmouth's Glover wins in run for mayor; two incumbents voted off City Council |url=https://www.pilotonline.com/2024/11/06/portsmouths-glover-wins-in-run-for-mayor-two-incumbents-voted-off-city-council/ |access-date=13 April 2025 |publisher=The Virginian-Pilot |date=November 8, 2024}}</ref> The City Council is a legislative body served by six members, elected for four-year terms.<ref name="Dujardin"/> 

{{hidden begin
|title = List of mayors of Portsmouth, Virginia
|titlestyle = background:#F8F8FF;width:60%
}}
* John S. White, 1852–1853<ref>{{cite book|publisher= Edward Pollock |title=Sketch Book of Portsmouth, Va: Its People and Its Trade |location=Portsmouth |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/sketchbookofport00pollo#page/86/mode/2up |year=1886 |chapter=Mayors of Portsmouth }}</ref><ref name=stewart1902>{{cite book|author=William H. Stewart|title=History of Norfolk County, Virginia and Representative Citizens |year=1902|publisher=Biographical Publishing Company |location=Chicago |chapter=Mayors of Portsmouth |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=jUNEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA398 }}</ref>
* Hezekiah Stoakes, 1854
* D. D. Fiske, 1855
* James G. Hodges, 1856–1857
* George W. Grice, 1858–1860
* John O. Lawrence, 1861
* John Nash, 1862<ref name=stewart1902 />
* Daniel Collins, 1863–1865
* James C. White, 1866
* James E. Stoakes, 1868
* E. W. Whipple, 1869
* Philip G. Thomas, 1870–1871
* A. S. Watts, 1872–1874
* John O'Connor, 1876–1877
* John Thompson Baird, 1878–1894
* L.H. Davis, 1894–1896<ref name=stewart1902 />
* John Thompson Baird, circa 1896–1902
* ?<ref>{{citation |title=Mayor's Annual Message: Together with Municipal Reports |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011483236 |author=City of Portsmouth, Virginia }} circa 1916–</ref>
* Jack P. Barnes, circa 1973
* [[Richard Joseph Davis]], 1974–1980
* Julian E. Johansen, circa 1980–1983
* [[James W. Holley III]], 1984–1987
* Gloria Webb, 1987–1996
* James W. Holley III, 1996–2010
* Kenneth I. Wright, 2010–2017
* John Rowe, 2017–2021<ref name="City Council"/>
* Shannon Glover 2021–present<ref name="Collette"/>
{{hidden end}}

==Education==
===Primary and secondary schools===
{{Main|Portsmouth Public Schools}}
In 1846, the Virginia General Assembly passed an act that established a "free education for all classes." In 1848, Portsmouth began organizing a public education system for primary school and elected a board for that purpose. A small tuition was required, but poorer students were paid for by funds from the sale of the Glebe lands. During the 1969-1970 session of the General Assembly, [[Portsmouth Public Schools]] was established. The district is made up of twenty-four schools. There are three public high schools in Portsmouth, located at three corners of the city. In the northwest section of the city, off Cedar Lane, is [[Churchland High School]]. In the downtown section of the city, between London Blvd and High Street, is [[I.C. Norcom High School]]. In the southwest section of Portsmouth, on Elmhurst Lane, is [[Manor High School (Portsmouth, Virginia)|Manor High School]]. There are also three middle schools, thirteen elementary schools, three preschools, an alternative education center, and an adult education center. There are approximately 13,000 students enrolled in Portsmouth Public Schools, and the district employs approximately 2,100 people.<ref name="pps">{{cite web |title=About PPS |url=https://www.ppsk12.us/page/about-pps |website=Portsmouth Public Schools |access-date=13 April 2025}}</ref> The district has struggled with staff retention and teacher vacancies.<ref name="Beckford">{{cite news |last1=Beckford |first1=Patriceia |title=Portsmouth Public Schools offering $30,000 to teachers working at Spark Schools |url=https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/mycity/portsmouth/portsmouth-public-schools-offering-30000-stipend-to-teachers-working-at-spark-schools/291-fe8683fe-a2cb-4849-99ae-b40693e162ce |access-date=13 April 2025 |publisher=13NewsNow |date=April 5, 2025}}</ref>

In 2023, the superintendent of Portsmouth Public Schools announced the development of a Career and Technical Education Center.<ref name="Jones">{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Kelsey |title=Portsmouth superintendent announces first of its kind center at State of the Schools event |url=https://www.wtkr.com/news/portsmouth-superintendent-announces-first-of-its-kind-center-at-state-of-the-schools-event |access-date=13 April 2025 |publisher=WTKR |date=October 25, 2023}}</ref> In July 2024, the city began construction on the center, named the Portsmouth Advanced Career Education (PACE) Center.<ref name="Bailey">{{cite news |last1=Baylor |first1=Kaicey |title=Portsmouth Public Schools breaks ground on new career and technical center |url=https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/mycity/portsmouth/portsmouth-public-schools-breaks-ground-on-new-career-and-technical-center/291-813280b0-56d1-4235-8d82-6c49f61ab24a |access-date=13 April 2025 |publisher=13NewsNow |date=July 29, 2024}}</ref>

===Higher education===
Portsmouth is home to the Tri-Cities Higher Education Center of [[Old Dominion University]] (ODU), a public research university founded in 1930 whose main campus is located in Norfolk, Virginia.<ref>{{cite web|title=About ODU – Old Dominion University|url=http://www.odu.edu/about|publisher=ODU|access-date=November 13, 2012}}</ref> Portsmouth is also home to the Fred W. Beazley Portsmouth Campus of [[Tidewater Community College]], a two-year higher education institution founded in 1968 in South Hampton Roads with additional campuses located in Chesapeake, Norfolk, and Virginia Beach.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Tidewater Community College|url=http://www.tcc.edu/welcome/president/about/|publisher=TCC|access-date=November 13, 2012}}</ref> [[Angelos Bible College]] was established in 1984, under the name Angelos Bible Institute. In August 2000, the school received approval from the State Council of Higher Education of Virginia to begin offering degrees, and the first class graduated in 2001.<ref>{{cite news|last=Barker|first=Sandra J|title=Angelos Bible College Celebrates First Graduating Class|newspaper=The Virginian-Pilot|date=10 June 2001|location=Norfolk, VA|pages=C14}}</ref>

==Media==
Portsmouth's daily newspaper is the ''[[Virginian-Pilot]]'' with The Currents being the Portsmouth edition of the Sunday paper. Other papers include the ''[[New Journal and Guide]]'', and ''[[Inside Business (newspaper)|Inside Business]]''.<ref name="Hampton Roads News Links">{{cite web
| url = http://www.abyznewslinks.com/unitevavb.htm
| title = Hampton Roads News Links
| access-date = August 6, 2007
| publisher = abyznewslinks.com
}}</ref> ''Hampton Roads Magazine'' serves as a bi-monthly regional magazine for Portsmouth and the [[Hampton Roads]] area.<ref name="Hampton Roads Magazine">{{cite web
| url = http://www.hrmag.com
| title = Hampton Roads Magazine
| access-date = August 6, 2007
| publisher = Hampton Roads Magazine
| archive-date = September 28, 2007
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928171054/http://www.hrmag.com/
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> The ''Hampton Roads Times'' is an online magazine for all the Hampton Roads cities and counties. Portsmouth is served by a variety of radio stations on the AM and FM dials, with towers located around the [[Hampton Roads]] area.<ref name="Hampton Roads Radio Links">{{cite web
| url = http://www.ontheradio.net/metro/Norfolk_VA.aspx
| title = Hampton Roads Radio Links
| access-date = August 6, 2007
| publisher = ontheradio.net
| archive-date = August 5, 2007
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070805002934/http://www.ontheradio.net/metro/Norfolk_VA.aspx
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

The major network television affiliates are [[WTKR-TV]] 3 ([[Columbia Broadcasting Service|CBS]]), [[WAVY]] 10 ([[NBC]]), [[WVEC-TV]] 13 ([[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]), [[WGNT]] 27 ([[Independent station|Independent]]), [[WTVZ]] 33 ([[MyNetworkTV]]), [[WVBT]] 43 ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]], with [[The CW]] on DT2), and [[WPXV]] 49 ([[ION Television]]). The [[Public Broadcasting Service]] stations are [[WHRO-TV]] 15, Hampton/Norfolk and [[UNC-TV|WUND-TV]] 2, Edenton, NC. Two additional stations also receivable in Portsmouth include independent station [[WSKY-TV]], which broadcasts on channel 4 from the [[Outer Banks]] of North Carolina and [[WGBS-LD]] broadcasting [[paid programming]] on channel 7 from [[Carrollton, Virginia|Carrollton]]. Portsmouth is served by [[Cox Cable]] and [[Verizon FIOS]]. [[DirecTV]] and [[Dish Network]] are also popular as an alternative to [[cable television]] in Portsmouth. The Hampton Roads [[designated market area]] (DMA) is the 42nd largest in the U.S. with 712,790 homes (0.64% of the total U.S.).<ref name="nielsen">Holmes, Gary. "[http://www.nielsenmedia.com/nc/portal/site/Public/menuitem.55dc65b4a7d5adff3f65936147a062a0/?vgnextoid=6573d3b8b0c3d010VgnVCM100000ac0a260aRCRD# Nielsen Reports 1.1% increase in U.S. Television Households for the 2006–2007 Season] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705100549/http://www.nielsenmedia.com/nc/portal/site/Public/menuitem.55dc65b4a7d5adff3f65936147a062a0/?vgnextoid=6573d3b8b0c3d010VgnVCM100000ac0a260aRCRD |date=2009-07-05 }}." ''[[Nielsen Media Research]].'' September 23, 2006. Retrieved on September 28, 2007.</ref>

==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
[[File:Seaboard RR Terminal Portsmouth VA.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Seaboard Terminal, which served passenger trains until 1968]]
From the earliest development, Portsmouth has been oriented to the water. In the 1830s, it was the first community in Hampton Roads to receive a new land transportation innovation, railroad service. The [[Portsmouth and Roanoke Railroad]], a predecessor of the [[Seaboard Air Line Railroad]], extended to the rapids of the [[Roanoke River]] on its fall line near [[Weldon, North Carolina]]. It was to be 20 more years before its bigger neighbor, the city of Norfolk, also received a rail line, in 1858, when the [[Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad]] was completed.{{citation_needed|date=August 2019}} The [[Atlantic Coast Line Railroad]] operated passenger trains #36 and #5 to and from its North Portsmouth Station to Rocky Mount, North Carolina until 1954. In earlier years ACL ran trains including the ''Tar Heel'' all the way south to Wilmington, North Carolina.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, Table 10 |journal=Official Guide of the Railways |publisher=National Railway Publication Company |volume=86 |issue=7 |date=December 1953}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, Table 10 freight only |journal=Official Guide of the Railways |publisher=National Railway Publication Company |volume=87 |issue=7 |date=December 1954}}</ref>

From [[Seaboard Air Line Terminal (Portsmouth, Virginia)|Seaboard Terminal]] the Seaboard Air Line and then the [[Seaboard Coast Line Railroad]] operated #17 and #18 to and from [[Raleigh, North Carolina]], where the train joined with those companies' ''[[Silver Comet (train)|Silver Comet]].'' The SAL also operated a local all-coach train (#3-11 southbound/#6-10 northbound) to Atlanta from the terminal.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Seaboard Air Line Railroad, Tables 1, 27 |journal=Official Guide of the Railways |publisher=National Railway Publication Company |volume=82 |issue=8 |date=August 1949}}</ref><ref>Seaboard Coast Line timetable, December 15, 1967, Tables 6, 20</ref> The 17/18 trains ended in 1968.<ref>''Official Guide of the Railways,'' June 1968, Seaboard Coast Line section, freight only.</ref>

Portsmouth is primarily served by the [[Norfolk International Airport]] {{Airport codes|ORF|KORF|ORF}}, now the region's major commercial airport. The airport is located near Chesapeake Bay, along the city limits of neighboring [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk]] and [[Virginia Beach, Virginia|Virginia Beach]].<ref name="ORF History">{{cite web|url=http://www.norfolkairport.com/airportinfo/missionhistory.htm |title=Norfolk International Airport Mission and History |access-date=October 2, 2007 |publisher=Norfolk International Airport |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928203630/http://www.norfolkairport.com/airportinfo/missionhistory.htm |archive-date=September 28, 2007 }}</ref> Seven airlines provide nonstop services to twenty-five destinations. ORF had 3,703,664 passengers take off or land at its facility and 68,778,934 pounds of cargo were processed through its facilities.<ref name="ORF Statistics">{{cite web|url=http://www.norfolkairport.com/airportinfo/orfstats.pdf |title=Norfolk International Airport Statistics |access-date=October 2, 2007 |publisher=Norfolk International Airport |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025202830/http://www.norfolkairport.com/airportinfo/orfstats.pdf |archive-date=October 25, 2007 }}</ref> [[Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport]] {{Airport codes|PHF|KPHF|PHF}} also provides commercial air service for the [[Hampton Roads]] area.<ref name="Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport">{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.nnwairport.com/
 |title       = Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport
 |access-date  = February 25, 2008
 |publisher   = Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20001204184500/http://www.nnwairport.com/
 |archive-date = December 4, 2000
}}</ref> The [[Chesapeake Regional Airport]] provides general aviation services and is located {{convert|5|mi|km|spell=in}} outside the city limits.<ref name="Chesapeake Regional Airport">{{cite web|url=http://www.chesapeakeairport.com/|title=Chesapeake Regional Airport|access-date=January 12, 2008}}</ref>

In the 21st century, the city has access to lines of [[CSX Transportation]], [[Norfolk Southern]] and three [[short line railroad]]s. [[Amtrak]] provides service to points along the [[Northeast Corridor]] from [[Newport News station]] across the Hampton Roads, and from [[Norfolk station (Amtrak)|Norfolk station]] across the Elizabeth River.

Portsmouth is served by [[Interstate 264 (Virginia)|Interstate 264]] and Interstate 664, which is part of the [[Hampton Roads Beltway]]. [[U.S. Route 17]] and [[U.S. Route 58]] pass through. The Elizabeth River is crossed via the [[Midtown Tunnel (Virginia)|Midtown Tunnel]], the [[Downtown Tunnel]] and [[Berkley Bridge (Virginia)|Berkley Bridge]] combination.{{citation_needed|date=August 2019}}

[[Hampton Roads Transit]] is the regional bus service.<ref>[http://www.hrtransit.org/ Hampton Roads Transit]</ref>

[[File:PortsmouthNorfolkFerry1.jpg|thumb|left|The Elizabeth River Ferry travels between Portsmouth and Norfolk]]

===Law enforcement===
====Police Department====
{{Main article|Portsmouth Police Department}}
In 2019, the Portsmouth Police Department had about 255 sworn [[law enforcement officer]]s and 380 total employees.<ref>{{cite web |title=Portsmouth Police Department |url=http://www.portsmouthpd.us |website=Official Home Page |publisher=Portsmouth Police Department |access-date=May 31, 2019}}</ref> In May 2019, Police Chief Tonya Chapman resigned from her position, claiming she was forced to resign and had experienced systemic racism during her tenure.<ref name="Daniel"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Former Portsmouth police chief says she was forced out for ... |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/former-portsmouth-police-chief-say |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531025626/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/former-portsmouth-police-chief-say/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 31, 2019 |access-date=May 31, 2019 |newspaper=Washington Post |date=May 25, 2019}}</ref> She was replaced by Angela Greene who served as interim chief.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Daugherty |first1=Scott |title=Interim Portsmouth police chief reverses city's stand on paying officer who shot a burglar |url=https://pilotonline.com/news/local/crime/article_c9c49e74-62e3-11e9-b184-9f2cbaa3138b.html |access-date=May 31, 2019 |publisher=Virginia Pilot |date=April 23, 2019}}</ref>

In June 2020, a [[Black Lives Matter]] protest took place in Portsmouth and resulted in the vandalism of the [[Confederate Monument (Portsmouth, Virginia)|local Confederate monument]]. In August 2020, nineteen people, including state senator [[Louise Lucas]], Chief Public Defender [[Brenda Spry]], two additional [[public defender (United States)|public defenders]], Portsmouth School Board member LaKeesha Atkinson, and three [[NAACP]] representatives were charged with felony vandalism of the monument.<ref name="Matray">{{cite news |last1=Matray |first1=Margaret |title=Portsmouth's top public defender named a judge, months after police charged her in Confederate monument case |url=https://www.pilotonline.com/government/virginia/vp-nw-brenda-spry-judicial-appointment-20210127-pelornlznvbk5jy7wn52i4cjba-story.html |access-date=13 April 2025 |publisher=The Virginian-Pilot |date=January 27, 2021}}</ref><ref name="Alvarez-Wertz">{{cite news |last1=Alvarez-Wertz |first1=Jane |title=Sen. Lucas, other public officials, charged with felonies for June incident at Portsmouth Confederate monument |url=https://www.wavy.com/news/local-news/portsmouth/portsmouth-holding-briefing-about-confederate-monument-incident-several-warrants-secured/ |access-date=13 April 2025 |publisher=Wavy |date=August 17, 2020}}</ref> The charges were announced on August 17, 2020, by Police Chief Angela Greene, one day prior to a special legislative session pushing for policing reform.<ref name="Matray"/><ref name="Alvarez-Wertz"/> In order to obtain the charges, the police department circumvented the [[Commonwealth's Attorney|commonwealth's attorney]], taking the charges directly to the [[State court magistrate judge|magistrate]].<ref name="Alvarez-Wertz"/> Judge [[Claire G. Cardwell]] dismissed the charges in November 2020.<ref name="Matray"/><ref name="Reyes">{{cite news |last1=Reyes |first1=Josh |title=10 arrested after vandalism of Confederate monument receive $15,000 each |url=https://www.pilotonline.com/government/local/vp-nw-portsmouth-payment-monument-charges-20211108-psiy7sphfvbrjk4ajrj5uozq2i-story.html |access-date=13 April 2025 |publisher=The Virginian-Pilot |date=November 8, 2021}}</ref> Cardwell found the charges concerning and believed the police did not take out the charges out of concern for public safety.<ref name="Reyes"/><ref name="rfp">{{cite news |title=Charges dismissed against Sen. Lucas |url=https://richmondfreepress.com/news/2020/nov/19/charges-dismissed-against-sen-lucas/ |access-date=13 April 2025 |publisher=Richmond Free Press |date=November 19, 2020}}</ref> Police Chief Angela Greene was fired shortly before the dismissal of the charges.<ref name="Reyes"/><ref name="rfp"/> Ten of the individuals who were charged sued the city for violating their rights, claiming that they were improperly defamed. In October 2021 the city settled the lawsuit, writing them checks for $15,000 each.<ref name="Reyes"/><ref name="Hall">{{cite news |last1=Hall |first1=Brett |title=Portsmouth spends $150k to settle with 10 charged with Confederate monument destruction |url=https://www.wavy.com/news/local-news/portsmouth/portsmouth-spends-150k-to-settle-with-10-charged-with-confederate-monument-destruction/ |access-date=13 April 2025|publisher=Wavy |date=November 6, 2021}}</ref>

In September 2021, Renado Prince was promoted from Assistant Police Chief to Police Chief.<ref name="june23">{{cite news |title=Former Portsmouth Police Chief Renado Prince hired as assistant chief |url=https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/mycity/portsmouth/former-portsmouth-police-chief-renado-prince-rehired-assistant-chief/291-dbf9cf8a-153f-4d14-9ce4-5d0dadb3d823 |access-date=13 April 2025 |publisher=13NewsNow |date=June 7, 2023}}</ref> At the end of 2021, Portsmouth reported 35 homcides, its highest number in years, up from 34 in 2020 and 16 in 2019.<ref name="Arintok"/> At the time, the police department had approximately 80 unfilled officer positions.<ref name="Arintok"/> In July 2022, former-Police Chief Tonya Chapman started a position as City Manager.<ref name="Daniel"/> Chapman fired Prince after he sent a text message criticizing her, only one week after she started as city manager.<ref name="june23"/> Prince was replaced with Stephen Jenkins.<ref name="Daniel">{{cite news |last1=Daniel |first1=Eugene |title=Ousted Portsmouth Police Chief Renado Prince says firing stemmed from text message |url=https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/mycity/portsmouth/exclusive-former-portsmouth-police-chief-renado-prince-says-firing-stemmed-from-text-message/291-e7913c92-f3e2-473e-952c-3e98fddcba4c |access-date=13 April 2025 |publisher=13NewsNow |date=July 6, 2022}}</ref><ref name="june23"/> Chapman was later fired by the Portsmouth City Council in January 2023, and Prince was re-hired in June 2023 as an Assistant Police Chief.<ref name="june23"/>

Ten Portsmouth policemen have died in the line of duty, the first in 1871. Four of these died from gunshot wounds.<ref>{{cite web |title=Portsmouth Police Department |url=https://www.odmp.org/agency/3192-portsmouth-police-department-virginia |website=Officer Down Memorial Page |access-date=May 31, 2019}}</ref>

====Sheriff's Office====
The sheriff's office oversees the management of the Portsmouth City Jail and the Portsmouth Judicial Center. In 2021, the Porstmouth Sheriff's Office also began overseeing the [[school resource officer]] program for the city, providing officers to public schools.<ref name="Daniel1">{{cite news |last1=Daniel |first1=Eugene |title=Portsmouth sheriff calls on city leaders to consider key issues in the department |url=https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/mycity/portsmouth/portsmouth-sheriff-calls-on-city-leaders-consider-key-department-issues/291-7bf2baf2-eaac-40ee-adf8-f7a9f3a82a73 |access-date=20 April 2025 |publisher=13NewsNow |date=April 19, 2023}}</ref> As of April 2023, the deputies at the Portsmouth Sheriff's Office were the lowest paid in Hampton Roads.<ref name="Daniel1"/>

In September 2019, Judge [[Johnny E. Morrison]] approved the condemnation of the buildings at the Portsmouth Civic Center Complex, but allowed the Portsmouth City Jail located at the complex to continue operating.<ref name="Watson">{{cite news |last1=Watson |first1=Evan |last2=Johncola |first2=Amanda |title=Judge approves condemnation of Portsmouth Civic Center Complex, jail ruling still to come |url=https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/mycity/portsmouth/judge-approves-comdemnation-for-portsmouth-civic-center-complex-except-jail/291-fcb717a6-6863-4167-82ba-af9e35ccaa5b |access-date=22 October 2022 |publisher=13 News Now |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> Sheriff Michael Moore sued the city for condemning the buildings without warning, arguing that it was the city's job to maintain the jail and stated the city had not maintained the building.<ref name="Watson"/> At the time, the jail housed 250 inmates and employed 80 individuals.<ref name="Watson"/> In January 2020, Morrison ruled that the city could not close the jail, stating that the jail must be "repaired and maintained."<ref name="Watson1">{{cite news |last1=Watson |first1=Evan |title=Judge rules Portsmouth City Jail cannot be closed, negating city council resolution |url=https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/mycity/portsmouth/judge-rules-portsmouth-city-jail-cannot-be-closed-negating-recent-city-council-resolution/291-f0654419-32f6-45c9-b95c-697d1a3a8214 |access-date=19 April 2025 |publisher=13 News Now |date=March 13, 2020}}</ref> At the time, a privately owned facility, Hampton Roads Regional Jail HRRJ, was also operating in the city.<ref name="Watson"/> The city's attorneys argued that the sheriff's office should send inmates to the regional jail, since the city already paid for spots at the jail.<ref name="Watson"/> The sheriff's attorney argued that the Portsmouth City Jail was in relatively good condition and just needed a few repairs.<ref name="Watson"/> Sheriff Moore stated that he refused to send inmates to Hampton Roads Regional Jail due to civil rights violations, medical problems, and inmate deaths that were investigated by the [[United States Department of Justice]] in 2018.<ref name="Watson"/><ref name="repair">{{cite news |title=Judge signs motion ordering city officials to repair Portsmouth City Jail |url=https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/mycity/portsmouth/judge-signs-motion-ordering-city-officials-to-repair-portsmouth-city-jail/291-f4bd1b7c-1f4d-4dc7-8cd6-ac70bfe250f7 |access-date=20 April 2025 |publisher=13NewsNow |date=February 7, 2020}}</ref> In March 2020, the Portsmouth City Council voted 4–3 in favor of closing the jail due to its poor conditions.<ref name="Watson1"/> Following the vote, Morrison ruled once again that the jail could not be closed, despite the decision of the city council.<ref name="Watson1"/> The jail remained open. In April 2023, a woman sued the sheriff's office, claiming that, while at the Portsmouth City Jail, she was forced to pull down her pants in order to prove that she was menstruating and receive menstrual products.<ref name="Vogelsong">{{cite news |last1=Vogelsong |first1=Sarah |title=Lawsuit says Portsmouth sheriff, deputy forced detainees to expose genitals to prove menstruation |url=https://virginiamercury.com/2023/04/11/lawsuit-says-portsmouth-sheriff-deputy-forced-detainees-to-expose-genitals-to-prove-menstruation/ |access-date=20 April 2025 |publisher=Virginia Mercury |date=April 11, 2023}}</ref>

On May 26, 2024, at approximately 1:30&nbsp;a.m., a fire broke out in the basement of the Portsmouth City Jail.<ref name="fire">{{cite news |title=Fire reported at Portsmouth City Jail Sunday |url=https://www.wtkr.com/news/in-the-community/portsmouth/fire-reported-at-portsmouth-city-jail-sunday |access-date=20 April 2025 |publisher=WTKR |date=May 26, 2024}}</ref><ref name="fire1">{{cite news |title=150+ inmates evacuate Portsmouth City Jail amid basement fire |url=https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/mycity/portsmouth/fire-at-portsmouth-city-jail/291-c0187d15-5e2a-46fc-8b8d-b59befef6e9c |access-date=20 April 2025 |publisher=13NewsNow |date=May 26, 2024}}</ref> The fire started in a tool room in the basement and moved up an elevator shaft, spreading to the eighth floor.<ref name="fire1"/><ref name="PattersonTwist"/> Sheriff Moore stated that the building was old and its internal workings were "starting to deteriorate pretty quickly."<ref name="PattersonTwist"/> The jail moved inmates from the top floor to the bottom floor and began evacuating.<ref name="PattersonTwist"/> More than 150 inmates were evacuated and transported to the facility that previously operated as the Hampton Roads Regional Jail.<ref name="fire1"/><ref name="PattersonTwist">{{cite news |last1=Patterson |first1=Kiahanna |last2=Twist |first2=Matthew |title=150+ inmates evacuated after fire at Portsmouth city jail |url=https://www.wavy.com/news/local-news/portsmouth/portsmouth-city-jail-fire-deemed-under-control/ |access-date=20 April 2025 |publisher=Wavy |date=May 26, 2024}}</ref> The city had purchased the property after its closure on April 1, 2024. No injuries were reported from the incident, but inmates and deputies were evaluated by medical teams.<ref name="PattersonTwist"/>

Portsmouth does not have a juvenile detention facility.<ref name="Anderson1"/> For more than thirty years, Portsmouth youth charged with crimes were held in the neighboring city of Chesapeake, at Chesapeake Juvenile Services.<ref name="Anderson1"/> In the spring of 2023, Chesapeake Juvenile Services terminated its agreement with the Porstmouth Sheriff's Office. Since then, Portsmouth youth have been housed in Williamsburg, Northern Virginia, and [[Bristol, Virginia|Bristol]].<ref name="Anderson1">{{cite news |last1=Anderson |first1=Natalie |title=Portsmouth sheriff calling for temporary solution to reduce long-distance transport of juveniles |url=https://www.pilotonline.com/2024/02/05/portsmouth-sheriff-calling-for-temporary-solution-to-reduce-long-distance-transport-of-juveniles/ |access-date=20 April 2025 |publisher=Virginian-Pilot |date=February 5, 2024}}</ref> Bristol is a 15-hour round trip drive.<ref name="Anderson1"/>

====Hampton Roads Regional Jail====
The Hampton Roads Regional Jail began operating in Portsmouth in June 1998.<ref name="Dujardin1">{{cite news |last1=Dujardin |first1=Peter |title=25 years after it opened, Hampton Roads Regional Jail board expected to vote to close jail by April 1 |url=https://www.pilotonline.com/2023/10/17/25-years-after-it-opened-hampton-roads-regional-jail-board-expected-to-vote-to-close-jail-by-april-1/ |access-date=20 April 2025 |publisher=The Virginian-Pilot |date=October 18, 2023}}</ref> It took three years and $66 million to construct the 385,000-foot facility.<ref name="Dujardin1"/> At the time it was constructed, it was Virginia's third-largest correctional facility and could house up to 1,300 inmates.<ref name="Dujardin1"/> It was built in response to overcrowding at other facilities in the area, and housed inmates from Portsmouth, Norfolk, Newport News, Hampton, and Chesapeake.<ref name="Dujardin1"/> The [[United States Marshals Service]] also used the facility.<ref name="Dujardin1"/> The jail housed the highest mentally ill inmate population across the state of Virginia.<ref name="Hammond1"/> The facility was managed by a 15-member board and the Hampton Roads Regional Jail Authority, which was made up of the city manager, the sheriff, and one council member from each of the five cities that used the jail.<ref name="Dujardin1"/>

In August 2015, JaMycheal Mitchell died while incarcerated at the jail.<ref name="wvec">{{cite news |title=State Police to investigate new allegations in HRRJ inmate death case |url=https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/state-police-to-investigate-new-allegations-in-hrrj-inmate-death-case/291-424230404 |access-date=20 April 2025 |publisher=13NewsNow |date=March 21, 2017}}</ref> Mitchell was held at the jail due to allegations that he stole $5.05 worth of sweets from a [[7-Eleven]] convenience store.<ref name="wvec"/> Mitchell was mentally disabled, and lost over forty pounds over the course of his four months at the facility.<ref name="wvec"/> A doctor had deemed Mitchell [[incompetent to stand trial]] in May 2015, and an order was entered requiring Mitchell to be sent to Eastern State Hospital to receive restoration services.<ref name="wvec"/> For some reason, the hospital did not receive the order and Mitchell was not transported from the jail to the hospital.<ref name="wvec"/> In May 2016, Mitchell's aunt alleged that jail staff had allowed Mitchell to starve to death while incarcerated.<ref name="McLaughlin">{{cite news |last1=McLaughlin |first1=Eliot C. |title=Jail let mentally disabled man starve to death, lawsuit says |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/16/us/jamycheal-mitchell-hampton-roads-virginia-jail-lawsuit/index.html |access-date=20 April 2025 |publisher=CNN |date=May 17, 2016}}</ref> Other inmates stated that they had pleaded with the guards to help Mitchell, but were ignored.<ref name="wvec"/> Mitchell's official cause of death was a heart condition and [[cachexia]].<ref name="wvec"/> The allegations stated that Mitchell had been denied many meals and left him naked with no bedding in a dirty cell.<ref name="wvec"/> In March 2017, the Portsmouth Commonwealth's Attorney received allegations regarding Mitchell's death and asked the [[Virginia State Police]] to investigate.<ref name="wvec"/>

In 2016, the [[U.S. Department of Justice]] began investigating the jail for possible civil rights violations.<ref name="Dujardin1"/> In 2018, the Department of Justice released a report detailing the jail's failures. The jail had ignored inmates' requests for medical treatment and sometimes left inmates in their cells for 22 hours or more.<ref name="Hammond1"/> The Department of Justice found that the jail had violated the [[Americans with Disabilities Act]] and the [[Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] due to its use of [[cruel and unusual punishment]].<ref name="Dujardin1"/><ref name="Matray1"/> The jail faced ongoing staffing challenges as the costs of operating increased, and in 2021 had more than 100 vacant positions.<ref name="Hammond1"/><ref name="Matray1"/>  Between 2015 and 2024, more than twenty-five inmates died while incarcerated at the jail.<ref name="Hammond1"/> Due to these violations, Hampton Roads Regional Jail was the only jail in the United States placed under Department of Justice oversight and a federal [[consent decree]] during the first [[First presidency of Donald Trump|Trump Administration]].<ref name="Matray1"/> In 2020, under the consent decree, the jail agreed to implement changes to hire additional staff and reduce its use of solitary confinement; however, the sheriffs' offices in Portsmouth, Norfolk, and Chesapeake stated that they would cut back the number of inmates that they housed at the regional jail.<ref name="Dujardin1"/>

In March 2021, the [[American Correctional Association]] revoked the jail's accreditation.<ref name="Matray1">{{cite news |last1=Matray |first1=Margaret |title='Continuous deaths': Hampton Roads Regional Jail's accreditation revoked |url=https://www.pilotonline.com/2021/03/10/continuous-deaths-hampton-roads-regional-jails-accreditation-revoked/ |access-date=20 April 2025 |publisher=Virginian-Pilot |date=March 10, 2021}}</ref> In April 2021, a Virginia Jail Review Committee recommended the closure of Hampton Roads Regional Jail.<ref name="jailclose">{{cite news |title=Virginia Jail Review Committee recommends closing Hampton Roads Regional Jail |url=https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/mycity/portsmouth/virginia-jail-review-committee-recommends-closing-hampton-roads-regional-jail/291-ad0df4a6-7419-45ff-bbbb-6c6ca0541cbb |access-date=20 April 2025 |publisher=13NewsNow |date=April 27, 2021}}</ref> The committee's preliminary findings determined that the jail failed to meet minimum standards for supervision of inmates and did not provided twenty-four hour emergency medical and mental health care as required.<ref name="jailclose"/> The committee also believed that the jail knowingly withheld information and gave inaccurate case summaries in the deaths of three inmates.<ref name="jailclose"/>

By October 2023, the jail housed only 202 inmates, despite having room for up to 1,300.<ref name="Dujardin1"/> Portsmouth and Norfolk were rarely using the facility, with the Portsmouth sheriff stating that he refused to use the facility due to the civil rights violations.<ref name="Watson"/><ref name="repair"/><ref name="Dujardin1"/> On April 1, 2024, Hampton Roads Regional Jail permanently closed after operating as a private jail in the city for twenty-five years.<ref name="Hammond1">{{cite news |last1=Hammond |first1=Sarah |title=After 25 years, Hampton Roads Regional Jail in Portsmouth permanently closes |url=https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/mycity/portsmouth/hampton-roads-regional-jail-officially-closes-hrrj/291-730d4ec6-6939-4914-8abd-1961ccc8f838 |access-date=20 April 2025 |publisher=13NewsNow |date=March 29, 2024}}</ref>

After its closure, the city purchased the property. The Portsmouth City Jail moved its operations to the location in May 2024, after a fire broke out and rendered the original jail building inoperable.<ref name="fire1"/>

===Healthcare===
====Bon Secours Maryview Medical Center====
{{Main|Bon Secours Maryview Medical Center}}
The primary hospital serving the citizens of Portsmouth is Bon Secours Maryview Medical Center. It is a non-profit hospital with 346 beds, managed by [[Bon Secours (Virginia & South Carolina)|Bon Secours Health System]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bon Secours Maryview Medical Center Hospital Information |url=https://www.vhi.org/Hospitals/profile.asp?id=9644 |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=www.vhi.org}}</ref> The hospital was dedicated on March 4, 1945, and is located on High Street. During World War II, thousands of new shipyard workers and their families moved to the area, and the city saw a need for a new hospital. When it opened, the hospital was named Glensheallah Hospital. It was funded by the Federal Government. After the war, the government sold the hospital to the Catholic Church's [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Richmond|Diocese of Richmond]] for $85,000. The Dioscese of Richmond agreed to operate the hospital with the [[Daughters of Wisdom]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=50 YEARS OF HEALING |url=https://scholar.lib.vt.edu/VA-news/VA-Pilot/issues/1995/vp950303/03020156.htm |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=scholar.lib.vt.edu}}</ref> After its sale, the Daughters of Wisdom considered naming the hospital "Glensheallah" or "Glenmary", but they eventually settled on the name "Maryview" to honor the [[Virgin Mary]] and the Waterview area adjacent to the hospital.<ref name=":1" /> In 1984, the Diocese of Richmond transferred the hospital to the Sisters of Bon Secours Health Systems, Inc. in Marriottsville, Maryland, and the hospital became part of the Bon Secours Health Network.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Joyce"/>

====Naval Medical Center Portsmouth====
{{Main|Naval Medical Center Portsmouth}}
[[File:Naval Medical Center Portsmouth Full Width.JPG|thumb|upright=1|The Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth in 2012]]
The [[Naval Medical Center Portsmouth]] (NCMP) is a United States Navy medical center adjacent to the Olde Towne Historic District and [[Park View Historic District]]. Founded in 1827, it is the oldest continuously running hospital in the Navy medical system with the motto "First and Finest."<ref name=nmcp>{{cite web|url=http://www.med.navy.mil/sites/nmcp2/OurHistory/Pages/default.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019204943/http://www.med.navy.mil/sites/NMCP2/OurHistory/Pages/default.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 19, 2012|title=Med.navy.mil|website=Naval Medical Center Portsmouth|publisher=US Navy|access-date=June 11, 2016}}</ref> At the time of its founding, the hospital was known as the Norfolk Naval Hospital. Later, the name was changed to Naval Hospital Portsmouth and eventually, Naval Medical Center Portsouth. Building 1 of the center was built in 1830.<ref name="Daniels">{{cite news |last1=Daniels |first1=Imani N. |title=Naval Medical Center Portsmouth celebrates 122nd Hospital Corps Birthday |url=https://www.militarynews.com/norfolk-navy-flagship/naval-medical-center-portsmouth-celebrates-122nd-hospital-corps-birthday/article_ce7d8398-b55f-11ea-a3e4-9f185bba4a1d.html |access-date=21 April 2025 |publisher=The Flagship |date=June 25, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Johnson1">{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Christina |title=Naval Medical Center Portsmouth Celebrates Charette Building 25th Anniversary |url=https://portsmouth.tricare.mil/News-Gallery/Articles/Article/3771591/naval-medical-center-portsmouth-celebrates-charette-building-25th-anniversary |access-date=21 April 2025 |publisher=Naval Medical Center Portsmouth |date=May 1, 2024}}</ref> Building 3, which was originally named Building 215, was built in 1959.<ref name="Johnson1"/> Building 3 operated as the main hospital until Charette Building opened on April 30, 1999.<ref name="Johnson1"/> The Charette building is 1.02 million square feet and has 353 inpatient beds.<ref name="Johnson1"/> Due to its proximity to many military bases, the medical center has more than 100,000 beneficiaries enrolled for care.<ref name="mhs">{{cite web |title=Naval Medical Center Portsmouth |url=https://health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/DHA-GME/Institutions/Portsmouth |website=Military Health System |access-date=21 April 2025}}</ref>

====Portsmouth General Hospital====
{{Main|Portsmouth General Hospital (Virginia)}}
In 1886, The Daughters of the King, a women's organization, was formed at Trinity Episcopal Church located in what is now Olde Towne Portsmouth.<ref name=pghfoundation/> In 1895, the organization began reaching out to women in other churches across Portsmouth, hoping to open a hospital.<ref name=pghfoundation/> In 1897, an eight-room house at 49 Court Street opened as King's Daughters' Hospital Home for the Sick. In 1898, the small hospital changed its name to the King's Daughters Hospital.<ref name=pghfoundation/> By 1903, the hospital had outgrown its location on Court Street, and the hospital moved to a house on Emmet Street.<ref name=pghfoundation/> The location was razed in 1914, so that a larger 3-story hospital could be built.<ref name=pghfoundation/> In 1904, the hospital established a School of Nursing, located a block away from the hospital.<ref name=pghfoundation/> In 1955, a fire destroyed part of the hospital, and it required extensive repairs.<ref name=pghfoundation/> The hospital was renamed Portsmouth General Hospital in 1956.<ref name=pghfoundation/> The School of Nursing operated until 1984, when the board of Portsmouth General voted to close the school due to financial problems.<ref name=pghfoundation/> The last class of twelve nurses graduated from the school in 1986.<ref name=pghfoundation/>

In 1988, Bon Secours attempted to purchase Portsmouth General, but it was instead sold to the nonprofit [[Tidewater Health Care]].<ref name="Joyce"/> There were nine hospitals in South Hampton Roads at the time, and Portsmouth General could no longer sustain itself.<ref name="Joyce"/> In 1994, the hospital lost almost $200 on every patient admission.<ref name="Joyce"/> In May 1996, the sale of the hospital to Bon Secours Maryview Medical Center was announced, with Maryview stating that it intended to transfer services and then close the hospital.<ref name="Joyce">{{cite news |last1=Joyce |first1=Marie |title=PORTSMOUTH GENERAL TO CLOSE MARYVIEW PLANS TO RUN DOWNTOWN EMERGENCY ROOM UNTIL JUNE OF 2000 |url=https://scholar.lib.vt.edu/VA-news/VA-Pilot/issues/1996/vp960501/05010386.htm |access-date=21 April 2025 |publisher=The Virginian-Pilot |date=May 1, 1996}}</ref> At the time of the sale, Portsmouth General Hospital employed 830 people, 350 of whom were expected to be laid of as the hospital closed.<ref name="Joyce"/> From 1996 to 1999, hospital services were gradually transferred to Maryview Medical Center in Portsmouth and [[Bon Secours Harbour View Medical Center]] in nearby Suffolk.<ref name=pghfoundation>[https://www.pghfoundation.org/pages/aboutPGH.html Portsmouth General Hospital Foundation] Historic Site</ref> The hospital officially ceased operations in 1999, after serving the people of Portsmouth for over 100 years.<ref name=pghfoundation/>

==Notable people==
{{See also|List of people from Hampton Roads, Virginia}}
{{div col}}
* [[V. C. Andrews]] (1923–1986), bestselling novelist <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Andrews_V_C_1923-1986 |title=V. C. Andrews (1923–1986) |last1=Campbell | first1=Edward D. C. Jr. |date=July 8, 2013 |website=Dictionary of Virginia Biography |publisher=Encyclopedia Virginia}}</ref>
* [[Cleo Anthony]] (1981–), American actor<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-06 |title=Cleo Anthony - Actor |url=https://www.tvinsider.com/people/cleo-anthony/ |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=TV Insider |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[James P. Berkeley]] (1907–1985), [[USMC]] general and expert in [[Military communications]]
* [[Ken Bowersox]] (1956–), astronaut<ref name="starpress-2023-08-25">{{cite news |title=Men on station say they've wept |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-star-press-men-on-station-say-theyv/130618290/ |access-date=August 25, 2023 |work=[[The Star Press]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=February 12, 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825112512/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-star-press-men-on-station-say-theyv/130618290/ |archive-date=August 25, 2023 |url-status=live |via=Newspapers.com }}</ref>
* [[Marty Brennaman]] (1942–), long-time [[Cincinnati Reds]] radio broadcaster
*[[Karen Briggs (musician)|Karen Briggs]] (b. 1963), violinist
* [[Ruth Brown]] (1928–2006), [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]] singer and actress<ref>Gulla, Bob (2008). ''Icons of R&B and Soul'', p. 72. Greenwood Publishing
Group.</ref>
* [[Bebe Buell]] (1953–), Playboy Playmate, fashion model, singer, mother of [[Liv Tyler]]{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}
* [[John T. Casteen III]] (1943–), President of the University of Virginia, born in Portsmouth<ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.tcc.edu/news/press/49thTCCCommencement.htm |title=49th TCC Commencement |date=October 27, 2009 |publisher=Tidewater Community College }}</ref>
*[[Mahlon Clark]] (1923–2007), musician
*[[LaTasha Colander]] (b. 1976), track and field sprint star, [[2000 Olympics|2000 Olympic]] gold medalist (4 × 400 m)
* [[Deborah Coleman]] (1956–2018), blues musician<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=April 18, 2018 |title=Deborah Francine Coleman (1956–2018) |url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/pilotonline/name/deborah-coleman-obituary?id=15496235 |work=The Virginian-Pilot |location=Norfolk, Virginia |access-date=March 19, 2022}}</ref>
* [[Fanny Murdaugh Downing]] (1831–1894), author and poet
* [[Archie Elliott Jr.]], African-American retired judge and lawyer<ref name="Kashino">{{cite news |last1=Kashino |first1=Marisa M. |title=Police Killed These Seven Washingtonians. Here Are Their Stories, and the Family Left Behind |url=https://www.washingtonian.com/2020/09/06/police-killed-these-seven-washingtonians-here-are-their-stories-and-the-family-left-behind/ |access-date=3 May 2025 |publisher=Washingtonian |date=September 6, 2020}}</ref>
* [[Archie Elliott III]] (1968–1993), Black 24-year-old shot by police in District Heights, Maryland on June 18, 1993<ref name="Kashino"/>
* [[Jamin Elliott]] (1979–), former NFL wide receiver with the Chicago Bears, New England Patriots, and Atlanta Falcons<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nfl.com/player/jaminelliott/2505177/profile |title=Jamin Elliott, WR at NFL.com |publisher=National Football League}}</ref>
* [[Missy Elliott]] (1971–), recording artist, award-winning producer, singer-songwriter, dancer, actress and clothing line designer<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/missy-elliott-507695 |title=Missy Elliott Biography |website=The Biography.com website |date=December 2, 2020 |publisher=A&E Television Networks }}</ref>
* [[Perry Ellis]] (1940–1986), fashion designer, founded a sportswear house in the mid-1970s<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/perry-ellis-20686321 |title=Perry Ellis Biography |website=The Biography.com website |publisher=A&E Television Networks |access-date=February 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222041802/https://www.biography.com/people/perry-ellis-20686321 |archive-date=February 22, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Dorian Finney-Smith]] (1993–), Professional basketball player for the [[Los Angeles Lakers]]{{Citation needed|date=May 2019}}
* [[Clifton C. Garvin]] (1921–2016), President and CEO of [[Exxon]]
* [[Mordechai Gifter]] (1915–2001), among the foremost American religious leaders of Orthodox Jewry in the late 20th century<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thejewishstar.com/stories/The-Kosher-BookwormFrom-Portsmouth-Virginia-to-Telz-The-Legacy-of-Rabbi-Mordechai-Gifter,2983 |title=The Kosher Bookworm From Portsmouth Virginia to Telz The Legacy of Rabbi Mordechai Gifter |last1=Gerber |first1=Alan Jay |date=January 19, 2012 |website=The Jewish Star}}</ref>
* [[Melvin Gregg]] (1988–), American actor and model<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pilotonline.com/entertainment/arts/vp-db-melvin-gregg-way-back-20200228-axizlrrtobglvb2fbt3hzsegou-story.html|title=He took his first acting class at ODU. On Friday, his first major movie, starring Ben Affleck, hits theaters.|first=Amy|last=Poulter|website=pilotonline.com|date=February 28, 2020 }}</ref>
* [[Chandler Harper]], (1914–2004), winner of the 1950 PGA golf championship<ref>{{cite news |last=Litsky |first=Frank |title=Chandler Harper, Winner of 7 Professional Golf Tournaments, Dies at 90 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/12/sports/golf/12harper.html?fta=y |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 12, 2004 }}</ref>
* [[Ken Hatfield (musician)|Ken Hatfield]], classical guitarist
* [[James W. Holley III]] (1926–2012), politician, first African-American mayor of any city in the Hampton Roads region (Portsmouth)<ref>{{cite news |url=http://pilotonline.com/news/obituaries/former-portsmouth-mayor-james-holley-dies-at/article_3786c36c-0c4a-5976-a4ce-9b5320d14ff9.html |title=Former Portsmouth Mayor James Holley dies at 85 |last1=Forster |first1=Dave |last2=Harki |first2=Gary |date=October 6, 2012 |newspaper=The Virginian-Pilot }}</ref>
* [[W. Nathaniel Howell|W. Nathaniel "Nat" Howell]] (1939–2020), [[United States Department of State|State Dept.]] Foreign Service officer, former Ambassador to [[Kuwait]]; professor emeritus, the [[University of Virginia]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1991/02/04/va-city-lays-claim-to-wars-1st-hero/212a64fb-485f-4877-be96-2b6846ebd4f8/ |title=Va. City Lays Claim to War's 1st Hero |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |date=February 4, 1991 |newspaper=The Washington Post }}</ref>
* [[Chad Hugo]]  (1974–), American record producer and songwriter
* [[Ben Jones (American actor and politician)|Ben Jones]] (1941–), actor "Cooter" on ''[[The Dukes of Hazzard]]''; U.S. Congressman, moved to Portsmouth as a child<ref>{{cite web | title = Ben Jones: A Conversation | publisher = Georgia Public Broadcasting | url = http://www.gpb.org/conversations/benjones}}</ref>
* [[T. J. Jordan]] (b. 1986), basketball player
* [[Jillian Kesner-Graver]] (1949–2007), actress<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-dec-21-me-passings21.s3-story.html |title=Finishing Welles' film became her mission |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=December 21, 2007 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>
* [[Jack T. Kirby]] (1938–2009), historian of the southern United States, awarded the [[Bancroft Prize]] for his 2006 book ''Mockingbird Song: Ecological Landscapes of the South''<ref>Hevesi, Dennis. [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/14/us/14kirby.html "Jack T. Kirby, Southern Historian, Dies at 70"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', August 13, 2009. Accessed August 14, 2009.</ref>
* [[Erik S. Kristensen]] (1972–2005), [[US Navy SEAL]]  Lieutenant Commander and highest decorated SEAL to be killed in [[Operation Red Wings]]
* [[Rita Lavelle]] (1947–), assistant administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 
* [[Louise Lucas]] (b. 1944), Virginia State Senator, and the first woman and first African-American to hold the position of  [[President pro tempore of the Virginia Senate]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Friedenberger |first=Amy |date=January 8, 2020 |title=History-making new Va. House speaker cites passing of 'new torch' with focus on diversity, empowerment |url=https://roanoke.com/news/virginia/history-making-new-va-house-speaker-cites-passing-of-new-torch-with-focus-on-diversity/article_2ee2794d-26e4-5df0-b6cb-1bc194b691d5.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215201845/https://roanoke.com/news/virginia/history-making-new-va-house-speaker-cites-passing-of-new-torch-with-focus-on-diversity/article_2ee2794d-26e4-5df0-b6cb-1bc194b691d5.html |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=28 January 2025 |newspaper=[[The Roanoke Times]]}}</ref>
* [[Nathan McCall]] (1955–), African-American author who grew up in the Cavalier Manor section of Portsmouth, Virginia<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ebony.com/entertainment-culture/nathan-mccall-20-years-after-makes-me-wanna-holler-304 |title=Nathan McCall: 20 Years After 'Makes Me Wanna Holler' |last1=Washington |first1=Nicholas L. |date=April 15, 2014 |work=Ebony }}</ref>
* [[Kenneth R. Melvin]] (1952–), former member of the Virginia House of Delegates, lawyer, and current jurist for the Third Circuit of Virginia
* [[LaShawn Merritt]] (b. 1986) – 2008 Olympic gold medal-winning sprinter
* [[Pete Mikolajewski]] (1943–), football player<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.profootballarchives.com/miko00300.html | title=Pete Mikolajewski | publisher=Profootballarchives.com | access-date=October 30, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Johnny E. Morrison]], jurist for the Third Circuit of Virginia
* [[Shadow Morton|George "Shadow" Morton]] (1941–2013) – record producer and songwriter
* [[James Murphy (guitarist)|James Murphy]] (1967–), [[heavy metal music|metal]] guitarist, member of the bands [[Death (metal band)|Death]], [[Testament (band)|Testament]], [[Obituary (band)|Obituary]] and [[Disincarnate]]{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}
* [[Bismarck Myrick]] (b. 1940), U.S. Ambassador to the [[Republic of Liberia]], U.S. Ambassador to [[Lesotho]]
* [[Wendell Cushing Neville]] (1870–1930), [[Commandant of the United States Marine Corps|14th Commandant of the U.S. Marine Corps]]
* [[Tommy Newsom]] (1929–2007), assistant bandleader for the [[The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson|Johnny Carson Band]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/30/AR2007043000547.html |title=Jazz Saxophonist Tommy Newsom; Played on 'Tonight Show'|last1=Bernstein |first1=Adam |date=May 1, 2007 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>
* [[Patton Oswalt]] (1969–), writer, stand-up comedian, and actor<ref>{{cite web|title=Patton Oswalt Biography|url=http://www.biography.com/people/patton-oswalt-062716|website=biography.com|publisher=A&E Television Networks|access-date=February 16, 2017|language=en-us|archive-date=February 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217064723/http://www.biography.com/people/patton-oswalt-062716|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Ace Parker]] (1912–2013), [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]] quarterback; also played baseball with the [[Philadelphia Athletics]]
* [[John L. Porter]] (1813–1893), President of the first City Council, a naval constructor for United States Navy and the Confederate States Navy.
* [[Dave Robertson (baseball)|Dave Robertson]] (1889–1970), MLB outfielder 1912–22, played in World Series for [[San Francisco Giants|New York Giants]]; born in Portsmouth
* [[William Russ]] (1950–), actor
* [[Bill Schneider (journalist)|Bill Schneider]] (b. 1944), political commentator for [[CNN]]
* [[Don Scott (Virginia politician)|Don Scott]] (b. 1965), lawyer, Democratic politician, Navy veteran, and the first Black [[Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates]]<ref name=speaker>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-11 |title=Newly empowered Virginia Democrats nominate the state's first Black House speaker, Don Scott |url=https://apnews.com/article/virginia-elections-don-scott-glenn-youngkin-9e65f584e0c695835cd544bd358609e4 |access-date=20 April 2025 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Dave Smith (poet)|Dave Smith]] (1942–), poet, novelist
* [[Lon Solomon]], Christian pastor and evangelist
* [[Dorin Spivey]], NBA World and NABA Lightweight Boxing Champion
* [[William Spong Jr.]] (1920–1997), lawyer, Democratic politician, United States Senator for the state of Virginia.
* [[Brenda Spry]], jurist for the Third Circuit of Virginia
* [[Wanda Sykes]] (1964–), writer, stand-up comedian, and actress<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2006-02-05-0602080493-story.html|title=A wonderful year for Wanda Sykes|last=Kiehl|first=Stephen|website=The Baltimore Sun|date=February 5, 2006 |language=en-US|access-date=May 26, 2019}}</ref>
* [[Ted Thomas Sr.]] (1935–2020), [[Pentecostal]] African-American preacher, pastor of New Community Temple [[Church of God in Christ]]{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}
* [[Clif Tinker]] (1956–),  San Antonio, Texas-based commercial artist<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Krier |first=Michele |date=October 26, 2010 |title=Portfolio: Clif Tinker Expressionist Paints the Town Red, Blue, and Green |url=https://issuu.com/onthetownezine/docs/ott-1110 |work=On the Town |pages=74–77 |publication-date=2010}}</ref>
* [[Adrienne Warren]] (1987–), Broadway singer and actress
* [[Mike Watt]] (1957–), bassist, singer and songwriter<ref name="sutherland">{{cite magazine|url=http://exclaim.ca/music/article/mike_watt_on_what|title=Mike Watt on What's Watt|last=Sutherland|first=Sam|date=March 24, 2007|magazine=[[Exclaim!]]|access-date=March 18, 2019}}</ref>
* [[Khadijah Whittington]] (1986–), professional basketball player for the [[CSM Satu Mare (basketball)|CSM Satu Mare]] of the Liga Națională
* [[Nicole Wray]] (1979–), R&B singer and songwriter{{Citation needed|date=May 2019}}
{{div col end}}

==Sister city==
* {{flagdeco|UK}} [[Portsmouth]], United Kingdom<ref>{{cite web |title=Meet our Sister City – Portsmouth, England |url=https://portsvacation.com/meet-our-sister-city-portsmouth-england/ |website=City of Portsmouth |date=February 17, 2022 |access-date=20 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Twin Cities |url=https://www.visitportsmouth.co.uk/featured-pages/twin-cities#:~:text=Duisburg,-Duisburg's%20Inner%20Harbour&text=The%20partnership%20between%20Duisburg%20and,with%20Europe%20after%20the%20war. |website=Portsmouth, UK |access-date=20 April 2025}}</ref><ref name="Roberts">{{cite news |last1=Roberts |first1=Steve |title=Portsmouth's 8 twin towns/Sister-links and the story behind them |url=https://www.greatbritishlife.co.uk/magazines/hampshire/22576768.portsmouths-8-twin-towns-sister-links-story-behind/ |access-date=20 April 2025 |publisher=Hampshire Life |date=January 21, 2019}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Virginia}}
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Portsmouth, Virginia]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
<!--arrange in chronological order-->
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book|author=William S. Forrest|title=Historical and Descriptive Sketches of Norfolk and Vicinity, Including Portsmouth |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalandde00forrgoog|year=1853|publisher=Lindsay and Blakiston |location=Philadelphia
|ref={{harvid|Forrest|1853}}
}}
* {{Citation |location = Richmond |editor = Richard Edwards |title = Statistical Gazetteer of the State of Virginia |date=1855
|chapter= Portsmouth
|chapter-url= https://www.archive.org/stream/statisticalgazet00edwa#page/344/mode/2up
}}
* {{cite book|author=William S. Forrest|year=1856 |title=Great Pestilence in Virginia...Yellow Fever in Norfolk and Portsmouth in 1855 |location=New York |publisher= Derby & Jackson |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011555552
|ref={{harvid|Forrest|1856}}
}}
* {{cite book|publisher= Edward Pollock |year=1886 |title=Sketch Book of Portsmouth, Va: Its People and Its Trade |location=Portsmouth |url=https://archive.org/details/sketchbookofport00pollo
| ref = {{harvid|Pollock|1886}}
}}
* {{citation
|title=Report on the Social Statistics of Cities: Southern and the Western States
|author1=George E. Waring, Jr.
|author2= U.S. Department of the Interior, [[Census Office]]
|location=Washington DC
|publisher=Government Printing Office
|year=1887
|chapter= Virginia: Portsmouth
|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=xb9NAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA75
|pages= 75–78
|ref={{harvid|Waring|1887}}
|author1-link=George E. Waring Jr.
}}
* {{cite book|editor=Robert W. Lamb|title=Our Twin Cities of the Nineteenth Century (Norfolk and Portsmouth) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oTdRAAAAYAAJ|year=1888|publisher=Barcroft
|ref={{harvid|Lamb|1888}}
}}
* {{Citation
|publisher = Rand, McNally & Co.
|date = 1899
|location = Chicago
|title = Rand, McNally & Co.'s Handy Guide to the Southeastern States
|chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/randmcnallycosha07chic#page/n63/mode/2up
|chapter= Portsmouth
|via=Internet Archive
}}
* {{cite book|author=William H. Stewart|title=History of Norfolk County, Virginia and Representative Citizens |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofnorfolk01stew |year=1902|publisher=Biographical Publishing Company |location=Chicago
|ref={{harvid|Stewart|1902}}
}}
* {{Citation |publisher = Standard Lithographing and Publishing Co. |date = 1907 |location = Norfolk, Va. |title = Illustrated Standard Guide to Norfolk and Portsmouth |ol = 24365413M}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Portsmouth (Virginia) |volume= 22 | page = 133 }}
* {{citation |title=Mayor's Annual Message: Together with Municipal Reports |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011483236 |author=City of Portsmouth, Virginia }} circa 1916–
* {{Citation
|title = Virginia: a Guide to the Old Dominion |publisher=Oxford University Press |author = Federal Writers' Project |date = 1941 |series=[[American Guide Series]]
|chapter= Portsmouth |pages=252+
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PBBAaN0aDicC |via= Google Books
|author-link=Federal Writers' Project |isbn=9780403021956 }}
* {{Citation
|publisher = [[E.P. Dutton]] |location = New York |title = Encyclopedia of American Cities |chapter-url = https://archive.org/stream/encyclopediaofam00unib |ol=4120668M |editor=Ory Mazar Nergal |date = 1980
|chapter= Portsmouth, VA
| ref = {{harvid|Nergal|1980}}
}}
* {{cite book |title= Portsmouth, Virginia |author= Cassandra Newby-Alexander|display-authors=etal|publisher=Arcadia |location=Charleston, South Carolina |series=Black America |year= 2003
}}
* {{cite book
|author=Paul T. Hellmann
|title=Historical Gazetteer of the United States
|year= 2006
|publisher=Taylor & Francis
|isbn=1-135-94859-3
|chapter= Virginia: Portsmouth
|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=REtEXQNWq6MC
|pages= 1159–1160
| ref = {{harvid|Hellmann|2006}}
}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Portsmouth, Virginia}}
{{EB1911 poster|Portsmouth (Virginia)|Portsmouth, Virginia}}
* [http://www.portsmouthva.gov/ City of Portsmouth municipal website]
* [http://cdm15987.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15987coll2 Portsmouth city directories], 19th–20th c. (via Norfolk Public Library)
* {{cite web |url= http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA740 |publisher=[[Library of Virginia]] |location= Richmond |work=County and City Records |title= City of Portsmouth }}
* [http://dp.la/search?utf8=✓&page_size=100&q=Portsmouth+Virginia Items related to Portsmouth, Virginia], various dates (via [[Digital Public Library of America]])

{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Portsmouth, Virginia
|North     = [[Chesapeake Bay]]
|Northeast =
|East      = [[Norfolk, Virginia|City of Norfolk]]
|Southeast = [[Chesapeake, Virginia|City of Chesapeake]]
|South     = [[Chesapeake, Virginia|City of Chesapeake]]
|Southwest = [[Chesapeake, Virginia|City of Chesapeake]]
|West      = [[Suffolk, Virginia|City of Suffolk]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Hampton Roads}}
{{Virginia}}
{{Northeast Megalopolis}}
{{Virginia county seats and independent cities}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Portsmouth, Virginia| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Virginia]]
[[Category:1752 establishments in the Colony of Virginia]]
[[Category:Populated places in Hampton Roads]]
[[Category:Black Belt (U.S. region)]]
[[Category:Majority-minority counties and independent cities in Virginia]]