Editing Porto

{{Redirect|Oporto|other uses of Porto and Oporto|Porto (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{copyedit|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Porto
| other_name         = Oporto
| settlement_type    = [[List of municipalities of Portugal|Municipality]]
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| total_width              = 280
| image_style              = border:1;
| perrow                   = 1/3/2/2
| caption_align            = center
| image1                   = PortoPonteLuisPanoramic.jpg
| caption1                 = View of Ribeira district and [[Dom Luís I Bridge]] from [[Vila Nova de Gaia]]
| image2                   = Casa_da_Música_-_Porto_-_Portugal.jpg
| caption2                 = [[Casa da Música]]
| image3                   = Torre de los Clérigos, Oporto, Portugal, 2012-05-09, DD 04.JPG
| caption3                 = [[Torre dos Clérigos]]
| image4                   = Iglesia_de_San_Ildefonso,_Oporto,_Portugal,_2012-05-09,_DD_01.JPG
| caption4                 = [[Church of Saint Ildefonso]]
| image5                   = Ayuntamiento_de_Oporto,_Portugal,_2012-05-09,_DD_03.JPG
| caption5                 = City Hall
| image6                   = Palacio da Bolsa in Porto (2).jpg
| caption6                 = [[Palácio da Bolsa]]
| image7                   = Igreja dos Carmelitas Descalcos and Igreja do Carmo in Porto.jpg
| caption7                 = Carmelitas Church
| image8                   = Porto,_Ponte_da_Arrábida_-_panoramio.jpg
| caption8                 = [[Arrábida Bridge]]
}}
| image_size         = 290px
| image_flag         = Flag of Porto.svg
| image_blank_emblem = PortopontoInstitucional.jpg
| blank_emblem_type  = [[Brandmark]]
| flag_border        = no
| image_shield       = Porto COA.svg
| pushpin_map        = Portugal#Europe
| motto              = Antiga, Mui Nobre, Sempre Leal e Invicta (Ancient, Most Noble, Always Loyal and Undefeated)
| nickname           = {{lang|pt|A Cidade Invicta}} ("The Undefeated City"), {{lang|pt|A Cidade da Virgem}} ("The City of the Virgin")
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = [[Portugal]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Administrative divisions of Portugal|Region]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Norte Region, Portugal|Norte]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of regions and sub-regions of Portugal|Subregion]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Grande Porto]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[Districts of Portugal|District]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Porto (district)|Porto]]
| subdivision_type4  = 
| subdivision_name4  = 
| seat_type          = 
| seat               = [[Porto Municipal Chamber]]
| parts_type         = Civil parishes
| parts_style        = para
| p1                 = [[#Geography|7]]
| image_map          = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=285|frame-height=200|frame-align=center|frame-coordinates={{Coord|39.3|N|8|W}}|zoom=5|type=point|title=Porto|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080|text=Interactive map of Porto}}
| map_caption        = Location of Porto
| coordinates        = {{Wikidatacoord|Q36433|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = [[Rui Moreira (politician)|Rui Moreira]]
| leader_title1      = [[Assembleia Municipal|Municipal Assembly Chair]]
| leader_name1       = Miguel Pereira Leite
| government_type    = [[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics|LAU]]
| governing_body     = [[Câmara Municipal]]
| established_title  = Settlement
| established_date   = 275 BC
| established_title1 = Municipality
| established_date1  = Porto
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 41.42
| area_total_sq_mi   = 
| area_land_sq_mi    = 
| area_water_sq_mi   = 
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 104
| elevation_ft       = 
| population_as_of   = 2023
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total   = 248769<ref name="CENSOS"/>
| population_density_km2 = 5596.3
| population_density_sq_mi = 
| population_urban   = 1375679<ref name="CENSOS"/>
| population_metro   = 1802664<ref name="CENSOS"/>
| population_demonym = 
| timezone1          = [[Western European Time|WET]]
| utc_offset1        = 0
| timezone1_DST      = [[Western European Summer Time|WEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST    = +1
| postal_code_type   = Postal Zone
| postal_code        = 4000-286 Porto
| area_code_type     = 
| area_code          = (+351) 22<ref name="urlPortugal International Dialing Code">{{cite web |url=http://portugal.embassyhomepage.com/portugal_international_dialling_code_portugal_cheap_international_calling_card_lisbon_telephone_area_codes_portugal_postal_codes.htm |title=Portugal International Dialing Code |access-date=12 September 2010 |archive-date=30 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430182017/http://portugal.embassyhomepage.com/portugal_international_dialling_code_portugal_cheap_international_calling_card_lisbon_telephone_area_codes_portugal_postal_codes.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| geocode            = 
| iso_code           = 
| blank_name         = [[Demonym]]
| blank_info         = Portuense, Tripeiro (informal)
| blank1_name        = [[Patron Saint]]
| blank1_info        = [[Our Lady of Vendôme]]
| blank2_name        = Municipal Holidays
| blank2_info        = 24 June ([[John the Baptist|São João]])
| website            = {{URL|www.cm-porto.pt}}
| footnotes          = Geographic detail from CAOP (2010)<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.igeo.pt/produtos/cadastro/caop/download/Areas_Freg_Mun_Dist_CAOP2010.zip |title=Carta Administrativa Oficial de Portugal |publisher=Instituto Geográfico Português |location=Lisbon, Portugal |language=pt |access-date=1 July 2011 |year=2010 |editor=IGP |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703110142/http://www.igeo.pt/produtos/cadastro/caop/download/Areas_Freg_Mun_Dist_CAOP2010.zip |archive-date=3 July 2014 }}</ref> produced by Instituto Geográfico Português (IGP)
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
  |Official_name = Historic Centre of Oporto, [[Dom Luís I Bridge|Luís I Bridge]] and [[Monastery of Serra do Pilar]]
  |Criteria      = iv 
  |ID            = 755
  |Year          = 1996
  |child         = yes
}}
| official_name      = 
}}

'''Porto''' ({{IPA|pt|ˈpoɾtu|-|Pt-pt Porto FF.ogg}}), also known as '''Oporto''',{{efn|Pronounced {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|p|ɔːr|t|oʊ|,_|oʊ|ˈ|p|ɔːr|t|uː}} {{respell|ə|POR|toh|,_|oh|POR|too}}, <small>also</small> {{IPAc-en|UKlang|ɒ|ˈ|p|ɔːr|t|oʊ}} {{respell|o|POR|toh}},<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Porto|access-date=1 June 2019 }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160925035306/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/oporto "Oporto"] (US) and {{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Oporto |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615055900/https://www.lexico.com/definition/oporto |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 June 2020 |title=Oporto |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] }}</ref> {{IPAc-en|USlang|oʊ|ˈ|p|ɔːr|t|oʊ}} {{respell|oh|POR|toh}}.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Oporto |access-date=1 June 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/oporto |title=Oporto |work=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |access-date=1 June 2019 |archive-date=1 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601095731/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/oporto |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Oporto |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615055900/https://www.lexico.com/definition/oporto |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 June 2020 |title=Oporto |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] }}</ref> From the Portuguese name with its [[Article (grammar)|definite article]], {{lang|pt|o Porto}} ("the Port" or "the Harbor").<ref>{{OEtymD|port }}</ref>}} is the [[List of cities in Portugal|second largest city]] in [[Portugal]], after [[Lisbon]]. It is the capital of the [[Porto District]] and one of the [[Iberian Peninsula]]'s major urban areas. Porto city proper, which is the entire [[concelho|municipality of Porto]], is small compared to its metropolitan area, with an estimated population of just 248,769 people in a municipality with only {{cvt|41.42|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="CENSOS">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0008272&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2 |title=Statistics Portugal - Web Portal |website=www.ine.pt |access-date=30 June 2024 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618173525/https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0008272&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/porto-population/ |title=Porto Population |date=2 December 2019 |website=World Population Review |access-date=2 December 2019 |archive-date=18 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318184033/https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/porto-population |url-status=live }}</ref> Porto's metropolitan area has around 1,319,151 people <small>(2025)</small><ref>{{Cite web |title=Porto, Portugal Population (2025) - Population Stat |url=https://populationstat.com/portugal/porto |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=populationstat.com}}</ref> in an area of {{cvt|2395|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}},<ref name=World_Urban_Areas>[http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf Demographia: World Urban Areas] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503021711/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |date=3 May 2018 }}, March 2010</ref> making it the second-largest urban area in Portugal.<ref>United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, [http://esa.un.org/wup2009/unup/index.asp?panel=2 World Urbanization Prospects (2009 revision)], (United Nations, 2010), Table A.12. Data for 2007. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031010136/http://esa.un.org/wup2009/unup/index.asp?panel=2 |date=31 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>[[European Spatial Planning Observation Network]], [http://www.espon.eu/mmp/online/website/content/projects/261/420/index_EN.html Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3)], Final Report, Chapter 3, (ESPON, 2007) {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728052348/http://www.espon.eu/mmp/online/website/content/projects/261/420/index_EN.html |date=28 July 2009 }}</ref><ref>Thomas Brinkoff, [http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html Principal Agglomerations of the World] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704112702/http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html |date=4 July 2010 }}, Retrieved 12 March 2009. Data for 1 January 2009.</ref> It is recognized as a [[global city]] with a Gamma + rating from the [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The World According to GaWC 2020 |url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html |website=GaWC – Research Network |publisher=Globalization and World Cities |access-date=31 August 2020 |archive-date=24 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824031341/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Located along the [[Douro]] River estuary in northern Portugal, Porto is one of the oldest European centers and its core was proclaimed a [[World Heritage Site]] by UNESCO in 1996, as the "Historic Centre of Porto, Luiz I Bridge and Monastery of Serra do Pilar". The historic area is also a National Monument of Portugal.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/755/ |title=Historic Centre of Porto, Luiz I Bridge and Monastery of Serra do Pilar |first=UNESCO World Heritage |last=Centre |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=26 September 2019 |archive-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818094310/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/755 |url-status=live }}</ref> The western part of its urban area extends to the coastline of the Atlantic Ocean. Its settlement dates back to the 2nd century BC when it was an outpost of the [[Roman Empire]]. Its combined [[Celtic languages|Celtic]]-[[Latin]] name, [[Portus Cale]],<ref name="portuscale">{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=portugal |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=18 December 2006 |archive-date=8 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508062118/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=portugal |url-status=live }}</ref> has been referred to as the origin of the name ''Portugal'', based on [[transliteration]] and oral evolution from Latin.

[[Port wine]], one of Portugal's most famous exports, is named after Porto, since the metropolitan area, and in particular the [[Wine cellar|cellars]] of [[Vila Nova de Gaia]], were responsible for the packaging, transport, and export of [[fortified wine]].<ref name="Port Wine">Robinson, Jancis, ed. (2006). ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'' (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860990-6. OCLC 70699042.</ref><ref>Stevenson, Tom (2007). ''The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia'' (4th ed.). New York City: DK. ISBN 978-0-7566-3164-2. OCLC 148799493.</ref> Porto is on [[the Portuguese Way]] path of the [[Camino de Santiago (route descriptions)|Camino de Santiago]]. In 2014 and 2017, Porto was elected ''The Best European Destination'' by the Best European Destinations Agency.<ref name="test"/> In 2023, Porto was named ''City of the Year'' by ''Food and Travel'' magazine.<ref>{{cite web|title=Porto City of the Year by Food and Travel|url=https://www.portobest.city/post/porto-city-of-the-year-by-food-and-travel|access-date=7 April 2025}}</ref> In 2024, the city was awarded ''World’s Leading Seaside Metropolitan Destination'' at the World Travel Awards.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Travel Awards Recognises Portugal|url=https://www.portugalhomes.com/news/article/426/world-travel-awards-recognises-portugal|access-date=7 April 2025}}</ref>

==History==
{{Main|2 = Timeline of Porto}}

===Early history===
Before the Roman conquest, the [[Gallaeci]], a [[Celts|Celtic]] people, inhabited the area. Ruins of that period have been discovered in several areas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Off the Grid - Citânia de Briteiros, Portugal - Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2022 |url=https://archaeology.org/issues/march-april-2022/off-the-grid/otg-citania-de-briteiros-portugal/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Archaeology Magazine |language=en-US }}</ref> Archaeological findings reveal that there were also human settlements at the mouth of the [[Douro|Douro River]] as early as the 8th century BC, which hints at a [[Phoenicia]]n trading settlement there.<ref name="Timeline">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/755 |title=Historic Centre of Porto |work=World Heritage List |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=30 October 2021 |archive-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818094310/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/755 |url-status=live }}</ref> 

Under the [[Roman Empire]], Porto developed as an important commercial port, primarily in the trade between ''Olissipona'' (the modern [[Lisbon]]) and ''Bracara Augusta'' (the modern [[Braga]]).<ref name="Timeline"/> Porto was also important during the [[Suebian]] and [[Visigothic]] times as a center for the expansion of Christianity during that period.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0807-89672013000200016&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt |title=Vestígios da presença sueva no noroeste da península ibérica: na etnologia, na arqueologia e na língua |first1=Larisa |last1=Semënova-Head |first2=Brian F. |last2=Head |journal=Revista Diacrítica |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=257–277 |access-date=29 December 2018 |archive-date=13 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413111802/http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0807-89672013000200016&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Porto-Cathedral-2021.jpg|thumb|left|[[Porto Cathedral]], Sé do Porto, built in the 12th century, with Baroque and 20th-century modifications]]
Porto fell under Muslim rule between 714 to 716, following the [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania|Umayyad conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom]].<ref name="Collins">{{cite book |author=Collins, Roger |year=1989 |title=The Arab Conquest of Spain 710–797 |publisher=Blackwell |location=Oxford, UK / Cambridge, USA |isbn=0-631-19405-3 |pages=39–40 }}</ref> Porto was reconquered by the Christians under [[Alfonso I of Asturias|Alfonso I]] of [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturias]] in 741,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Menéndez Pidal |first1=Ramón |title=PRIMERA CRÓNICA GENERAL. ESTORIA DE ESPAÑA DE ALFONSO X |url=https://www.boe.es/biblioteca_juridica/abrir_pdf.php?id=PUB-LH-2022-258 |date=1906 |publisher=Biblioteca Digital de Castilla y León |page=357 |edition=2022 |access-date=10 June 2023 |archive-date=2 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002234657/https://www.boe.es/biblioteca_juridica/abrir_pdf.php?id=PUB-LH-2022-258 |url-status=live }}</ref> and thus Porto became a Christian border settlement. [[Vímara Peres]], a Galician [[count]] from [[Gallaecia]], and a vassal of the King of [[List of Asturian monarchs|Asturias]], [[List of Leonese monarchs|Léon]] and [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]], [[Alfonso III of León|Alfonso III]], was given the fief of Portucale, and the surrounding areas. This included the area from the [[Minho River|Minho]] to the [[Douro River]]: the settlement of ''[[Portus Cale]]'' and the area that is known as [[Vila Nova de Gaia]]. Portus Cale, later referred to as [[County of Portugal|Portucale]], was the origin for the modern name of [[Portugal]].<ref name="Angelo">{{Citation |last1=Ribeiro |first1=Ângelo |last2=Hermano |first2=José |title=História de Portugal I&nbsp;— A Formação do Território |trans-title=History of Portugal: The Formation of the Territory |publisher=QuidNovi |year=2004 |isbn=989-554-106-6 |language=pt }}</ref> In 868, [[Count]] Vímara Peres established the [[County of Portugal]], {{langx|pt|Condado de Portucale}}, usually known as ''Condado Portucalense'', after repopulating the region north of the Douro River.<ref name="Timeline"/>

In 1093, [[Theresa, Countess of Portugal|Teresa of León]], illegitimate daughter of the king [[Alfonso VI of Castile]], married [[Henry, Count of Portugal|Henry of Burgundy]], bringing the [[County of Portugal]] as a dowry. This ''Condado Portucalense'' became the focus of what has been called the Portuguese [[Reconquista]] that would expand the [[Kingdom of Portugal]] south, beginning in  the reign of King [[Afonso I of Portugal]] in the 12th century.

In 1387, Porto was the site of the marriage of [[John I of Portugal]] and [[Philippa of Lancaster]], daughter of [[John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster|John of Gaunt]]; this symbolized a long-standing [[Collective security|military alliance]] between Portugal and [[Kingdom of England|England]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/645224/Treaty-of-Windsor |title=Treaty of Windsor – British-Portugal |encyclopedia=britannica.com |access-date=10 February 2016 |archive-date=26 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226105509/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/645224/Treaty-of-Windsor |url-status=live }}</ref> The Portuguese-English alliance (see the [[Treaty of Windsor (1386)|Treaty of Windsor]]) is the world's oldest recorded military alliance.<ref name="Arquivo Nacional Torre do Tombo">{{cite web |title=Tratado de paz, amizade e confederação entre D. João I e Eduardo II, rei de Inglaterra, denominado Tratado de Windsor |url=http://digitarq.dgarq.gov.pt/details?id=4186035 |publisher=Portuguese National Archives Digital Collection |access-date=4 January 2013 |language=pt |archive-date=26 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826113632/http://digitarq.dgarq.gov.pt/details?id=4186035 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Winslett |first=Matthew |title=The Nadir of Alliance: The British Ultimatum of 1890 and Its Place in Anglo-Portuguese Relations, 1147—1945 |url=https://mavmatrix.uta.edu/history_theses/66/ |year=2008 |page=3 |access-date=9 October 2024 |isbn=9780549707752 |archive-date=9 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009043832/https://mavmatrix.uta.edu/history_theses/66/ |url-status=live }}</ref> 
[[File:Porto562.png|thumb|A street in Porto]]
In the 14th and 15th centuries, Porto's shipyards contributed to the development of Portuguese shipbuilding. Also from the port of Porto, in 1415, Prince [[Henry the Navigator]] (son of [[John I of Portugal]]) embarked on the [[Conquest of Ceuta|conquest of the Moorish port of Ceuta]], in northern [[Morocco]].<ref name=mariners>{{cite web |url=http://ageofex.marinersmuseum.org/index.php?type=explorer&id=33 |title=The Mariners' Museum – EXPLORATION through the AGES |work=marinersmuseum.org |access-date=10 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407085820/http://ageofex.marinersmuseum.org/index.php?type=explorer&id=33 |archive-date=7 April 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Genius That Was China: East and West in the Making of the Modern World |url=https://archive.org/details/geniusthatwaschi0000mers |url-access=registration |last1=Merson |first1=John |year=1990 |publisher=The Overlook Press |location=Woodstock, New York |isbn=0-87951-397-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/geniusthatwaschi0000mers/page/72 72] |postscript=A companion to the PBS Series ''The Genius That Was China'' }}</ref> This expedition by the king and his fleet, which included Prince Henry, was followed by navigation and exploration along the western coast of Africa, initiating the Portuguese [[Age of Discovery]]. The nickname that the people of Porto are known by began in those days; Portuenses are to this day, colloquially, referred to as ''tripeiros'' (''tripe peoples''), referring to this period of history, when higher-quality cuts of meat were shipped from Porto with their sailors, while off-cuts and by-products, such as [[tripe]], were left behind for the citizens of Porto; [[Tripas à moda do Porto|tripe remains a culturally important dish]] in modern-day Porto.

===18th century===
By the 13th century, the wine produced in the [[Douro DOC|Douro valley]] was already being transported to Porto in ''barcos rabelos'' (flat sailing vessels). In 1703, the [[Methuen Treaty]] established trade relations and a military alliance between Portugal and England.<ref>Francis, A.D. ''John Methuen and the Anglo-Portuguese Treaties of 1703''. The Historical Journal Vol. 3, No. 2, pp.&nbsp;103 – 124.</ref> In 1717, the first English trading post was established in Porto. The production of [[port wine]] then gradually passed into the hands of a few English firms. To counter this dominance, Prime Minister [[Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, Marquis of Pombal|Marquis of Pombal]] established a monopolistic Portuguese firm to receive all the wines from the Douro valley. He demarcated the region for the production of port, to ensure the wine's quality; this was the first attempt to control wine quality and production in Europe, which was almost a century ahead of a similar exercise in Bordeaux.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=The History of Port: The Marquis of Pombal |url=https://www.taylor.pt/en/what-is-port-wine/history-of-port/the-marquis-of-pombal |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=Taylor's Port |archive-date=5 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805144954/https://www.taylor.pt/en/what-is-port-wine/history-of-port/the-marquis-of-pombal |url-status=live }}</ref> The small winegrowers revolted against his strict policies on [[Shrove Tuesday]], burning down the buildings of this firm. The revolt became known as the ''Revolta dos Borrachos'' (revolt of the drunkards).{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}

Between 1732 and 1763, Italian architect [[Nicolau Nasoni]] designed a [[Baroque architecture|baroque]] church with a tower that became its architectural and visual icon: the [[Clérigos Church|Torre dos Clérigos]] (English: Clerics' Tower). During the 18th and 19th centuries, the city became an important industrial center and its size and population increased.{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}

===19th century===
[[File:Pergola Foz (Porto).jpg|thumb|''Foz'' neighbourhood, along the coast]]
Porto constructed its first permanent bridge, the Ponte das Barcas (a floating [[pontoon bridge]]), in 1806. During the [[Peninsular War]], French troops led by [[Jean-de-Dieu Soult|Marshal Soult]] invaded Portugal and approached the city of Porto. On March 29, 1809, during what became known as the [[First Battle of Porto]], thousands of civilians and refugees fleeing the advancing French forces rushed to cross the Douro River via the Ponte das Barcas. The bridge collapsed under the excessive weight, resulting in approximately 4,000 deaths. This catastrophe, known as the [[Porto Boat Bridge disaster]], remains the deadliest bridge disaster in world history.(This event is still remembered by a plate at the [[Dom Luís Bridge, Porto|Ponte D. Luis I]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}) In the [[Second Battle of Porto]], the [[French Army]] was [[Second Battle of Porto|rooted out of]] Porto by [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington]], when his [[Anglo-Portuguese Army]] crossed the Douro River from the Mosteiro da Serra do Pilar (a former convent) in a brilliant daylight ''[[coup de main]]'', using wine barges to transport the troops, outflanking the French Army.<ref name="TPENWAR1">{{cite book |title=The Peninsular War 1807 – 1814, A Concise Military History |last=Glover |first=Michael |publisher=Penguin Books |date=1974 |isbn=9780141390413 |pages=96–97 description of the retreat of Soult along the Valongo and Amaranthe road }}</ref><ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Oporto |volume= 20 |pages = 137–139; see page 139| quote = The town is renowned in British military annals from the duke of Wellington's passage of the Douro, by which he surprised and put to flight the French army under Marshal Soult, capturing the city on the 12th of May 1809 }}</ref>

Influenced by liberal revolutions occurring in Europe, the [[Liberal Revolution of 1820]] started in Porto.<ref>CasaHistória website, [http://www.casahistoria.net/Brazil.htm#Independence "Independence and Empire"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706075126/http://www.casahistoria.net/Brazil.htm#Independence |date=6 July 2018 }}, retrieved 12 June 2007</ref> The revolutionaries demanded the return of [[John VI of Portugal]], who had [[Transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil|transferred the Portuguese Court]] to the Portuguese [[Colonial Brazil|colony of Brazil]] since the French invasions of Portugal, it also demanded a constitutional monarchy to be set up in Portugal. In 1822, a liberal constitution was accepted, partly through the efforts of the liberal assembly of Porto (Junta do Porto). When [[Miguel I of Portugal]] took the Portuguese throne in 1828, he rejected this constitution and reigned as an anti-liberal, absolutist monarch.<ref>{{cite book |first=António Silva Lopes |last=Rocha |publisher=R. Greenlaw |location=London, England |year=1829 |title=Unjust Proclamation of His Serene Highness The Infante Don Miguel as King of Portugal or Analysis and Juridical Refutation of the Act Passed by the Denominated Three States of the Kingdom of Portugal on the 11th of July, 1828; Dedicated to the Highest and Powerful, Dona Maria II. Queen Regnant of Portugal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cPQNAAAAYAAJ&q=dom+miguel |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=2 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002234753/https://books.google.com/books?id=cPQNAAAAYAAJ&q=dom+miguel#v=snippet&q=dom%20miguel&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> A civil war (known as the [[Liberal Wars]]) was then fought from 1828 to 1834 between those supporting Constitutionalism, and those opposed to this change, keen on near-absolutism and led by D. Miguel. Porto rebelled again and had to undergo a [[Siege of Porto|siege of eighteen months]] between 1832 and 1833 by the [[Absolute monarchy|absolutist]] army.<ref>{{cite book |last=Tucker |first=Spencer C. |title=A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East |year=2009 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara, California |page=1158 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC&q=Siege+of+Porto&pg=PA1158 |access-date=10 February 2016 |isbn=9781851096725 |archive-date=2 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002234658/https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC&q=Siege+of+Porto&pg=PA1158 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Oporto |volume= 20 |pages = 137–139; see page 139| quote = Oporto sustained a severe siege in 1832–1833, being bravely defended against the Miguehtes by Dom Pedro with 7000 soldiers; 16,000 of its inhabitants perished }}</ref> Porto is also called "Cidade Invicta" (English: Unvanquished City) after successfully resisting the [[Miguelista|Miguelist]] siege. After [[Concession of Evoramonte|the abdication of King Miguel]], the liberal constitution was re-established.

The collapsed ''Ponte das Barcas'' was eventually replaced by the [[:pt:Ponte D. Maria II|Ponte D. Maria II]]. Known popularly as ''Ponte Pênsil'' ([[Suspension bridge|suspended bridge]]), it was built between 1841 and 1843, with only its supporting pylons remaining today. The ''[[Maria Pia Bridge|Ponte D. Maria]]'', a railway bridge, was inaugurated on 4 November 1877;<ref>Loyrette 1985, p.60</ref> it was considered a feat of [[wrought iron]] engineering and was designed by [[Gustave Eiffel]], notable for [[Eiffel Tower|his Parisian tower]]. The later [[Dom Luís Bridge, Porto|Ponte Dom Luís I]] replaced the aforementioned Ponte Pênsil.<ref>{{citation |url=http://paginas.fe.up.pt/~azr/pontes/techdata.htm |title=The Bridges of Porto – Technical Data |author=Manuel de Azeredo |publisher=Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto |date=December 1999 |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=13 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113110716/http://paginas.fe.up.pt/~azr/pontes/techdata.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> This last bridge was made by Theophile Seyrig, a former partner of Eiffel. Seyrig won a governmental competition that took place in 1879. Building began in 1881 and the bridge was opened to the public on 31 October 1886.<ref name=SIPA>{{cite web |last1=Costa |first1=Patrícia |title=Ponte de D. Luís (IPA no. 00005548) |url=http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=5548 |website=SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico (Information System for Architectural Heritage) |language=pt |year=2005 |access-date=22 September 2014 |archive-date=8 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008052029/http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=5548 |url-status=live }}</ref>

A higher-learning institution in nautical sciences (Aula de Náutica) was established in 1762.<ref>Open Repository of the University of Porto (2024). Online: https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/64528 {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221022423/https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/64528 |date=21 February 2024 }}, Retrieved 9 February 2024.</ref> A [[stock exchange]] (Bolsa do Porto, 1834 – 1910<ref>{{cite web |title=Palácio da Bolsa – History |url=https://palaciodabolsa.com/en/history/ |access-date=30 July 2019 |archive-date=30 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730080647/https://palaciodabolsa.com/en/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref>) was also established in the city but was discontinued in 1910 following the implementation of the Republic, with the building being returned to the Association in 1911.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stock Exchange Palace |url=https://euroveloportugal.com/en/poi/stock-exchange-palace |access-date=31 December 2024 |website=EuroVelo Portugal |language=en-GB }}</ref>

Unrest by Republicans led to the [[31 January 1891 revolt]] in Porto, the first uprising against the Portuguese monarchy. This resulted ultimately in the overthrow of the monarchy and proclamation of the republic by the [[5 October 1910 revolution]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cm-palmela.pt/NR/rdonlyres/2699A4EF-465D-4C5E-B8D7-C4544B81B2B0/39794/Escolas1Republica.pdf |title=1ª Republica – Dossier temático dirigido às Escolas |publisher=Rede Municipal de Bibliotecas Públicas do concelho de Palmela |date=30 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423065653/http://www.cm-palmela.pt/NR/rdonlyres/2699A4EF-465D-4C5E-B8D7-C4544B81B2B0/39794/Escolas1Republica.pdf |archive-date=23 April 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://in-devir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=176&Itemid=37 |title=5 de Outubro de 1910: a trajectória do republicanismo |publisher=In-Devir |date=30 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622212517/http://in-devir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=176&Itemid=37 |archive-date=22 June 2011 }}</ref><ref>A este propósito ver {{Cite book |first=Antero de |last=Quental |title=Prosas sócio-políticas; publicadas e apresentadas por Joel Serrão |language=pt |location=Lisboa |publisher=Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda |year=1982 |page=248}} citado na secção "O Partido Republicano Português" deste artigo.</ref>

===20th century to present===
On 19 January 1919, forces favorable to the restoration of the monarchy launched a [[counter-revolution]] in Porto known as [[Monarchy of the North]].<ref>''Diário da Junta Governativa do Reino de Portugal''. Colecção Completa, nº 1 (19 Jan 1919) – nº 16 (13 Fev 1919), Porto, J. Pereira da Silva, 1919.
*Felix Correia, ''A Jornada de Monsanto – Um Holocausto Tragico'', Lisboa, Tip. Soares & Guedes, Abril de 1919.</ref><ref>Luís de Magalhães, "Porque restaurámos a Carta em 1919", ''Correio da Manhã'', 27 e 28 de Fevereiro de 1924.</ref> During this time, Porto was the capital of the restored kingdom, as the movement was contained to the north. The monarchy was deposed less than a month later, which marked the final end to monarchy in Portugal.

The historic center of Porto was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Porto ( Oporto ) UNESCO World Heritage Site Portugal |url=https://www.manorhouses.com/unesco/whporto.html |access-date=31 December 2024 |website=www.manorhouses.com |archive-date=31 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241231192516/https://www.manorhouses.com/unesco/whporto.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The World Heritage Site is defined in two concentric zones; the "Protected area", and within it the "Classified area". The Classified area comprises the medieval borough located inside the 14th-century Romanesque wall.<ref name="Porto UNESCO Classification">{{cite web |url=http://english.cm-porto.pt/index.php?m=2&s=1 |title=Porto UNESCO Classification |access-date=2 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311175934/http://english.cm-porto.pt/index.php?m=2&s=1 |archive-date=11 March 2008 }}</ref> In 2001, Porto, alongside [[Rotterdam]], was the [[European Capital of Culture]] for the entire year. For this event, several urban projects, from urban requalification to new infrastructures and public transportation, were put into practice.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/cultura/1403153/porto-2001-foi-cultura-mas-tambem-muitas-obras-milhoes-e-derrapagens |title=Porto 2001 foi cultura mas também muitas obras, milhões e derrapagens |access-date=14 April 2024 |date=29 January 2020 |website=Notícias ao Minuto |archive-date=30 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130181209/https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/cultura/1403153/porto-2001-foi-cultura-mas-tambem-muitas-obras-milhoes-e-derrapagens |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Geography==
{{wide image|File:Porto3flat-cc-contr-oliv1002 edit2.jpg|1600px|alt=Historical part of Porto, seen from Vila Nova de Gaia, through the Douro river}}
Situated at 280Km from Lisbon, in 1996, [[UNESCO]] recognized Porto's historic centre as a [[World Heritage Site]].<ref name=Timeline /> Among the architectural highlights of the city, Porto [[Porto Cathedral|Cathedral]] is the oldest surviving structure, together with the small [[Romanesque architecture|romanesque]] [[Church of Cedofeita]], the [[Gothic architecture|gothic]] [[Igreja de São Francisco (Porto)|Igreja de São Francisco]] (Church of [[Francis of Assisi|Saint Francis]]), the remnants of the [[Defensive wall|city walls]] and a few 15th-century houses. The [[Baroque architecture|baroque]] style is well represented in the city in the elaborate gilt work [[Interior design|interior decoration]] of the churches of St. Francis (''São Francisco'') and St. Claire (''Santa Clara''), the churches of Mercy (''Misericórdia'') and of the Clerics (''[[Clérigos Church|Clérigos]]''), the [[Episcopal Palace of Porto]], and others. The [[neoclassical architecture|neoclassicism]] and [[romanticism]] of the 19th and 20th centuries also added interesting monuments to the landscape of the city, like the magnificent Stock Exchange Palace (''[[Palácio da Bolsa]]''), the Hospital of [[Anthony of Padua|Saint Anthony]], the Municipality, the buildings in the [[Liberdade Square (Porto)|Liberdade Square]] and the ''Avenida dos Aliados'', the tile-adorned [[São Bento railway station]] and the gardens of the [[Crystal Palace (Porto)|Crystal Palace]] (''Palácio de Cristal''). A guided visit to the [[Palácio da Bolsa]], and in particular, the Arab Room is a major [[tourist attraction]].
[[File:Porto - Torres dos clérigos.JPG|thumb|[[Clérigos Church]] and Tower]]
Many of the city's oldest houses are at risk of collapsing. The population in Porto municipality dropped by nearly 100,000 since the 1980s, but the number of permanent residents in the outskirts and satellite towns has grown strongly.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/artigo9411.PDF |title=A Porto University document/study in Portuguese |access-date=1 May 2007 |archive-date=21 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121120421/https://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/artigo9411.PDF |url-status=live}}&nbsp;{{small|(478&nbsp;KB) }}</ref>

[[File:ISS051-E-29671 - View of Earth.jpg|thumb|275px|View of the [[Porto Metropolitan Area|Greater Porto area]], with the [[Leixões|Port of Leixões]] to the north of Porto and [[Vila Nova de Gaia]] to the south.]]
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 7 civil parishes (''[[freguesia (Portugal)|freguesias]]''):<ref>{{cite web |title=Law nr. 11-A/2013, pages 552 99–100 |url=http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/2013/01/01901/0000200147.pdf |access-date=29 July 2014 |work=Diário da República |language=pt |archive-date=6 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206201841/http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/2013/01/01901/0000200147.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Aldoar, Foz do Douro e Nevogilde]]
*[[Bonfim (Porto)|Bonfim]]
*[[Campanhã]]
*[[Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau e Vitória]]
*[[Lordelo do Ouro e Massarelos]]
*[[Paranhos (Porto)|Paranhos]]
*[[Ramalde]]

===Climate===
{{See also|Climate of Porto}}
Porto features a [[Mediterranean climate|warm-summer Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Csb''), with influences of an [[oceanic climate]] (''Cfb''), common in the north of the [[Iberian Peninsula]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0GNLDwAAQBAJ&q=oceanic+climate+influence+cfb+portugal&pg=PA14 |title=Passive Energy Strategies for Mediterranean Residential Buildings: Facing the Challenges of Climate Change and Vulnerable Populations |last1=Monge-Barrio |first1=Aurora |last2=Gutiérrez |first2=Ana Sánchez-Ostiz |date=9 February 2018 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783319698830 |language=en |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=2 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002234750/https://books.google.com/books?id=0GNLDwAAQBAJ&q=oceanic+climate+influence+cfb+portugal&pg=PA14#v=snippet&q=oceanic%20climate%20influence%20cfb%20portugal&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> As a result, its climate shares many characteristics with the warm, dry Mediterranean climates of southern Europe and the wet marine west coast climates of the North Atlantic, providing it warm, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. Cool and rainy days can, occasionally, interrupt the sunny weather. These occasional summer rainy periods may last a few days and are characterized by showers and cool temperatures around {{cvt|20|°C|0|abbr=on}} in the afternoon. The annual precipitation is high and concentrated in the winter months, making Porto one of the wettest major cities of Europe. However, long periods with higher temperatures and sunny days are frequent even during the rainiest months.

Summers are typically sunny, with average temperatures between {{cvt|16|and|26|°C|0|abbr=on}}, but can rise to as high as {{cvt|38|°C|0|abbr=on}} during occasional heat waves. During such heatwaves, the [[humidity]] remains quite low. Nearby beaches are often windy and usually cooler than the urban areas. Summer average temperatures are a few degrees cooler than those expected in more continentally Mediterranean-influenced Portuguese cities because of the oceanic influence.

Winter temperatures typically range between {{cvt|6|°C|0|abbr=on}} early in the morning and {{cvt|15|°C|0|abbr=on}} in the afternoon, but rarely drop below {{cvt|0|°C|0|abbr=on}} at night. The weather is often rainy for long stretches, although prolonged sunny periods do occur.
{{Weather box
|location= Porto (Fontainhas), elevation: 93 m, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1981–2007, sunshine & humidity 1961–1990
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 23.3
|Feb record high C = 23.2
|Mar record high C = 28.5
|Apr record high C = 30.2
|May record high C = 34.1
|Jun record high C = 38.7
|Jul record high C = 40.3
|Aug record high C = 40.9
|Sep record high C = 36.9
|Oct record high C = 32.2
|Nov record high C = 26.3
|Dec record high C = 24.8
|year record high C = 40.9
|Jan high C = 13.8
|Feb high C = 15.0
|Mar high C = 17.4
|Apr high C = 18.1
|May high C = 20.1
|Jun high C = 23.5
|Jul high C = 25.3
|Aug high C = 25.7
|Sep high C = 24.1
|Oct high C = 20.7
|Nov high C = 17.1
|Dec high C = 14.4
|year high C = 19.6
|Jan mean C = 9.5
|Feb mean C = 10.4
|Mar mean C = 12.6
|Apr mean C = 13.7
|May mean C = 15.9
|Jun mean C = 19.0
|Jul mean C = 20.6
|Aug mean C = 20.8
|Sep mean C = 19.5
|Oct mean C = 16.4
|Nov mean C = 13.0
|Dec mean C = 10.7
|year mean C = 15.2
|Jan low C = 5.2
|Feb low C = 5.9
|Mar low C = 7.8
|Apr low C = 9.1
|May low C = 11.6
|Jun low C = 14.5
|Jul low C = 15.9
|Aug low C = 15.9
|Sep low C = 14.7
|Oct low C = 12.2
|Nov low C = 8.9
|Dec low C = 6.9
|year low C = 10.7
|Jan record low C = -3.3
|Feb record low C = -2.8
|Mar record low C = -1.6
|Apr record low C = 0.1
|May record low C = 3.3
|Jun record low C = 5.6
|Jul record low C = 9.5
|Aug record low C = 8.0
|Sep record low C = 5.5
|Oct record low C = 1.4
|Nov record low C = -0.3
|Dec record low C = -1.2
|year record low C = -3.3
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 147.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 110.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 95.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 117.6
|May precipitation mm = 89.6
|Jun precipitation mm = 39.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 20.4
|Aug precipitation mm = 32.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 71.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 158.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 172.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 181.0
|year precipitation mm = 1237
| Jan humidity    =81.0
| Feb humidity    =80.0
| Mar humidity    =75.0
| Apr humidity    =74.0
| May humidity    =74.0
| Jun humidity    =74.0
| Jul humidity    =73.0
| Aug humidity    =73.0
| Sep humidity    =76.0
| Oct humidity    =80.0
| Nov humidity    =81.0
| Dec humidity    =81.0
| Jan sun  =124.0
| Feb sun  =129.0
| Mar sun  =192.0
| Apr sun  =217.0
| May sun  =258.0
| Jun sun  =274.0
| Jul sun  =308.0
| Aug sun  =295.0
| Sep sun  =224.0
| Oct sun  =184.0
| Nov sun  =139.0
| Dec sun  =124.0
|source 1= [[Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera|IPMA]]<ref name=IPMA>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipma.pt/pt/oclima/normais.clima/1981-2010/014/ |title=Normais Climatológicas – 1981–2010(provisórias) – Porto |publisher=Instituto de Meteorologia |language=pt |access-date=19 January 2013 |archive-date=29 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829184912/http://www.ipma.pt/pt/oclima/normais.clima/1981-2010/014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|source 2= [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name = noaa>{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/PO/08546.TXT |title=Porto (08546) – WMO Weather Station |access-date=18 April 2019 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] |archive-date=2 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002234701/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/PO/08546.TXT |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{Weather box
|location= [[Porto Airport]], elevation: 68 m, 1981–2010
|collapsed   = yes
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 21.5
|Feb record high C = 24.4
|Mar record high C = 29.1
|Apr record high C = 30.6
|May record high C = 33.5
|Jun record high C = 38.3
|Jul record high C = 37.7
|Aug record high C = 38.1
|Sep record high C = 36.4
|Oct record high C = 31.0
|Nov record high C = 25.6
|Dec record high C = 24.8
|year record high C = 
|Jan high C = 13.8
|Feb high C = 14.9
|Mar high C = 17.0
|Apr high C = 17.6
|May high C = 19.5
|Jun high C = 22.6
|Jul high C = 24.2
|Aug high C = 24.7
|Sep high C = 23.4
|Oct high C = 20.3
|Nov high C = 16.8
|Dec high C = 14.5
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C = 10.0
|Feb mean C = 10.9
|Mar mean C = 12.8
|Apr mean C = 13.7
|May mean C = 15.7
|Jun mean C = 18.6
|Jul mean C = 19.9
|Aug mean C = 20.1
|Sep mean C = 19.1
|Oct mean C = 16.4
|Nov mean C = 13.2
|Dec mean C = 11.1
|year mean C = 
|Jan low C = 6.2
|Feb low C = 7.0
|Mar low C = 8.7
|Apr low C = 9.7
|May low C = 11.9
|Jun low C = 14.6
|Jul low C = 15.5
|Aug low C = 15.6
|Sep low C = 14.7
|Oct low C = 12.5
|Nov low C = 9.5
|Dec low C = 7.6
|year low C = 
|Jan record low C = -2.4
|Feb record low C = -2.3
|Mar record low C = -2.3
|Apr record low C = 1.5
|May record low C = 3.8
|Jun record low C = 6.8
|Jul record low C = 9.2
|Aug record low C = 7.4
|Sep record low C = 7.5
|Oct record low C = 4.1
|Nov record low C = 0.9
|Dec record low C = -0.8
|year record low C = 
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 137.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 96.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 89.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 102.1
|May precipitation mm = 83.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 36.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 17.4
|Aug precipitation mm = 29.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 70.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 142.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 166.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 168.8
|year precipitation mm = 
|source 1= [[IPMA]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Normal Climatológica – Porto / Pedras Rubras 1981-2010 |url=https://www.ipma.pt/bin/file.data/climate-normal/cn_81-10_PORTO_PEDRAS_RUBRAS.pdf |publisher=[[IPMA]] |access-date=4 March 2025 }}</ref>
}}
{{Weather box
| location = Porto (Fontainhas/Serra Do Pilar), elevation: 93 m, normals 1991-2020, extremes 1973-present
| width = 
| collapsed   = yes
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 23.7
| Feb record high C = 29.0
| Mar record high C = 28.6
| Apr record high C = 31.9
| May record high C = 34.7
| Jun record high C = 38.7
| Jul record high C = 39.9
| Aug record high C = 39.6
| Sep record high C = 36.9
| Oct record high C = 34.4
| Nov record high C = 27.7
| Dec record high C = 24.8
| year record high C = 
| Jan high C = 13.9
| Feb high C = 15.4
| Mar high C = 17.8
| Apr high C = 18.3
| May high C = 20.5
| Jun high C = 23.5
| Jul high C = 25.1
| Aug high C = 25.6
| Sep high C = 23.6
| Oct high C = 20.6
| Nov high C = 16.8
| Dec high C = 16.8
| year high C = 
| Jan mean C = 10.2
| Feb mean C = 10.9
| Mar mean C = 13.5
| Apr mean C = 14.6
| May mean C = 17.0
| Jun mean C = 19.5
| Jul mean C = 21.3
| Aug mean C = 21.4
| Sep mean C = 19.3
| Oct mean C = 16.6
| Nov mean C = 13.4
| Dec mean C = 11.0
| year mean C = 
| Jan low C = 6.2
| Feb low C = 6.5
| Mar low C = 8.8
| Apr low C = 10.4
| May low C = 13.3
| Jun low C = 15.4
| Jul low C = 17.0
| Aug low C = 17.0
| Sep low C = 15.2
| Oct low C = 12.8
| Nov low C = 9.7
| Dec low C = 7.6
| year low C = 
| Jan record low C = -4.1
| Feb record low C = -3.8
| Mar record low C = -1.9
| Apr record low C = 0.1
| May record low C = 2.6
| Jun record low C = 5.6
| Jul record low C = 8.8
| Aug record low C = 8.0
| Sep record low C = 5.5
| Oct record low C = 1.4
| Nov record low C = -1.3
| Dec record low C = -2.5
| year record low C = 
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 122.7
| Feb precipitation mm = 75.0
| Mar precipitation mm = 59.5
| Apr precipitation mm = 79.3
| May precipitation mm = 91.7
| Jun precipitation mm = 32.3
| Jul precipitation mm = 13.5
| Aug precipitation mm = 30.6
| Sep precipitation mm = 76.9
| Oct precipitation mm = 133.3
| Nov precipitation mm = 150.6
| Dec precipitation mm = 127.9
| year precipitation mm = 
| Jan precipitation days = 10.61
| Feb precipitation days = 8.68
| Mar precipitation days = 7.53
| Apr precipitation days = 9.11
| May precipitation days = 9.46
| Jun precipitation days = 5.18
| Jul precipitation days = 2.54
| Aug precipitation days = 2.92
| Sep precipitation days = 7.37
| Oct precipitation days = 11.94
| Nov precipitation days = 10.74
| Dec precipitation days = 11.24
| year precipitation days = 
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| source 1 = Météo Climat 1991-2020
{{cite web |url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/listenormale-1991-2020-1-p175.php |title=Moyennes 1991/2020 Sagres |work=Baseline climate means (1991–2020) from stations all over the world |publisher=Météo Climat |language= |access-date=7 May 2022}} 
| source 2 = Météo Climat 1973-present
{{cite web |url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=339 |title=Extremes for Porto |publisher=Météo Climat |access-date=7 May 2022}}
}}

==Politics and government==
[[File:CM do Porto.jpg|thumb|Porto City Hall in the Avenida dos Aliados]]
[[File:Town Council Porto 2021.svg|thumb|Current composition of Porto city council:<br/>{{color box|gray}} [[Rui Moreira (politician)|RM]] (6)<br/>{{color box|#FF61EA}} [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|PS]] (3)<br/>{{color box|#FF9900}} [[Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|PSD]] (2)<br/>{{color box|#FF0000}} [[Unitary Democratic Coalition|CDU]] (1)<br/>{{color box|{{party color|Left Bloc (Portugal)}}}} [[Left Bloc (Portugal)|BE]] (1)]]
{{further|Porto metropolitan area#Government}}
{{See also|:pt:Lista de presidentes da Câmara Municipal do Porto}}

[[Rui Moreira (politician)|Rui Moreira]] ([[Independent (politician)|Independent]]) is the current mayor of Porto, having taken office on 22 October 2013, following the 2013 local elections. He was reelected in 2017 and 2021.<ref>The Mayor EU (2024). Online: https://www.themayor.eu/en/portugal/porto/mayors {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002234702/https://www.themayor.eu/en/portugal/porto/mayors |date=2 October 2024 }}, Retrieved 9 February 2024.</ref>

===Local election results 1976–2021===
Parties are listed from left-wing to right-wing. 
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;"
|+ Summary of local elections for Porto city hall, 1976–2021
|-style="height:30px;" 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left" valign=center rowspan="2"|Election
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right valign=center|[[Left Bloc (Portugal)|BE]]
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right valign=center|[[Portuguese Communist Party|PCP]]<br>[[United People Alliance|APU]]<br>[[Unitary Democratic Coalition|CDU]]
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right valign=center|[[Socialist Party (Portugal)|PS]]
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right valign=center|[[Democratic Renewal Party (Portugal)|PRD]]
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right valign=center|[[People-Animals-Nature|PAN]]
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right valign=center|[[Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|PSD]]
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right valign=center|[[Democratic and Social Centre – People´s Party|CDS]]
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right valign=center|[[People's Monarchist Party (Portugal)|PPM]]
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right valign=center|[[Rui Moreira (politician)|RM]]
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right valign=center rowspan="2"|{{abbr|O/I|Other parties and Invalid/Blank votes}}
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right valign=center rowspan="2"|Turnout
|-
! class="sortable" style="background:{{party color|Left Bloc (Portugal)}};"|
! class="sortable" style="background:{{party color|Unitary Democratic Coalition}};"|
! class="sortable" style="background:{{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"|
! class="sortable" style="background:{{party color|Democratic Renewal Party (Portugal)}};"|
! class="sortable" style="background:{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}};"|
! class="sortable" style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}};"|
! class="sortable" style="background:{{party color|CDS – People's Party}};"|
! class="sortable" style="background:{{party color|People's Monarchist Party (Portugal)}};"|
! class="sortable" style="background:gray;"|
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|'''1976'''
|width="33" align="center" |-
|width="33" align="center"|13.8<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=2}}
|width="33" align="center" {{Party shading/PS}}; color:white;"|'''34.7'''<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=5}}
|width="33" align="center"|-
|width="33" align="center"|-
|width="33" align="center"|24.5<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=3}}
|width="33" align="center"|20.0<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=3}}
|width="33" align="center"|-
|width="33" align="center"|-
|width="33" align="center"|7.6<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|width="33" align="center"|'''73.4'''
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|'''1979'''
|align="center" valign="top"|-
|align="center" valign="top"|16.7<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=2}}
|align="center" valign="top"|30.7<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=4}}
|width="33" align="center" valign="top"|-
|width="33" align="center" valign="top"|-
|colspan="3" align=center style="background:#CBDCEF"; color:white;"|'''[[Democratic Alliance (Portugal, 1979)|<span style="color:black;">49.7</span>]]'''<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=7}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|4.2<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|'''79.3'''
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|'''1982'''
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|19.5<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=2}}
|align="center"|34.5<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=5}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|colspan="3" align=center style="background:#CBDCEF"; color:white;"|'''[[Democratic Alliance (Portugal, 1979)|<span style="color:black;">42.6</span>]]'''<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=6}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|3.4<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|'''73.8'''
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|'''1985'''
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|18.1<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=2}}
|align="center"|26.8<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=4}}
|align="center"|7.4<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=1}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/PSD}}; color:white;"|'''36.1'''<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=5}}
|align="center"|8.4<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=1}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|3.2<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|'''60.8'''
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|'''1989'''
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|11.5<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=1}}
|align="center" {{Party shading/PS}}; color:white;"|'''41.5'''<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=6}}
|align="center"|0.7<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|31.8<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=5}}
|align="center"|10.3<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=1}}
|align="center"|0.7<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|3.5<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|'''54.5'''
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|'''1993'''
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|7.2<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=1}}
|align="center" {{Party shading/PS}}; color:white;"|'''59.6'''<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=9}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|25.6<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=3}}
|width="33" align="center"|4.8<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|2.8<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|'''58.3'''
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|'''1997'''
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|11.3<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=1}}
|align="center" {{Party shading/PS}}; color:white;"|'''55.8'''<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=8}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|colspan="2" align=center valign="top"|26.3<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=4}}
|align="center"|0.5<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|6.2<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|'''48.1'''
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|'''2001'''
|align="center"|2.6<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|10.5<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=1}}
|align="center"|38.5<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=6}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|colspan="2" align=center {{Party shading/PàF}}; color:white;"|'''42.8'''<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=6}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|5.8<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|'''48.3'''
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|'''2005'''
|align="center"|4.2<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|9.0<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=1}}
|align="center"|36.1<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=5}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|colspan="2" align=center {{Party shading/PàF}}; color:white;"|'''46.2'''<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=7}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|4.6<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|'''58.5'''
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|'''[[2009 Porto local election|2009]]'''
|align="center"|5.0<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|9.8<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=1}}
|align="center"|34.7<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=5}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|colspan="2" align=center {{Party shading/PàF}}; color:white;"|'''47.5'''<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=7}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|3.1<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|'''56.8'''
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|'''[[2013 Porto local election|2013]]'''
|align="center"|3.6<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|7.4<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=1}}
|align="center"|22.7<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=3}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|21.1<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=3}}
|align="center"|{{small|w.RM}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center" style="background:#C0C0C0"; color:white;"|'''39.3'''<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=6}}
|align="center"|6.0<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|'''52.6'''
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|'''[[2017 Porto local election|2017]]'''
|align="center"|5.3<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|5.9<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=1}}
|align="center"|28.6<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=4}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|1.9<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|10.4<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=1}}
|align="center"|{{small|w.RM}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center" style="background:#C0C0C0"; color:white;"|'''44.5'''<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=7}}
|align="center"|3.5<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|'''53.7'''
|-
|align=center style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|'''[[2021 Porto local election|2021]]'''
|align="center"|6.3<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=1}}
|align="center"|7.5<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=1}}
|align="center"|18.0<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=3}} 
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|2.8<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|17.2<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=2}}
|align="center"|{{small|w.RM}}
|align="center"|-
|align="center" style="background:#C0C0C0"; color:white;"|'''40.7'''<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=6}}
|align="center"|7.5<br>{{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|align="center"|'''48.8'''
|-
|colspan=14|Source: Marktest<ref>{{Cite web |title=Histórico de resultados Eleitorais - Autárquicas |url=https://www.marktest.com/wap/a/p/id~d0.aspx |access-date=12 August 2024 |website=Marktest |language=pt |archive-date=2 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002234703/https://www.marktest.com/wap/a/p/id~d0.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

===Active political parties established in Porto===
The Portuguese party ''[[Iniciativa Liberal]]'' (IL), founded and headquartered in Porto, is the only Portuguese party represented in [[Portuguese Parliament|parliament]] which is headquartered outside of the Lisbon area.

== Demographics ==
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|+Largest groups of foreign residents in 2021<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/forms/Porto.aspx |title=Estrangeiros residentes em: Porto / Porto. SEFSTAT – Portal de Estatística |access-date=4 February 2023 |archive-date=2 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002234709/https://sefstat.sef.pt/forms/home.aspx?aspxerrorpath=/forms/Porto.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! Nationality ||Population
|-
|{{flag|Brazil}} ||8,307	
|-
|{{flag|Italy}} ||1,222
|-
|{{flag|Spain}} ||749
|-
|{{flag|France}} ||688
|-
|{{flag|India}} ||607
|-
|{{flag|China}} ||537
|-
|{{flag|Angola}} ||530
|-
|{{flag|Cape Verde}} ||502
|}
Breaking down the population further shows that there is a higher percentage of women than men. Estimates from 2016 show that the population is 55% female, compared to 45% male.<ref name=":0" /> The largest age group, according to 2016 estimates, is 60 to 69, followed by residents in the 50 to 59 demographic. The majority 93.7% of residents were born in [[Portugal]]. The city also has residents that were born in [[Angola]], Brazil, [[Cape Verde]], and countries across Europe. 

{{Pie chart|thumb=right|caption=Religion in the municipality of Porto
(Census 2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011644&lang=EN |title=Census - Final results: Portugal - 2021 |access-date=4 February 2023 |publisher=Statistics Portugal |archive-date=23 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123171048/https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011644&lang=EN |url-status=live }}</ref>|label1=[[Catholicism]]|value1=74.18|color1=Blue|label2=[[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodoxy]]|value2=0.26|color2=DarkBlue|label3=[[Protestantism]]|value3=2.09|color3=DarkOrchid|label4=[[Jehovah's Witnesses]]|value4=0.58|color4=LightBlue|label5=Other [[Christian]]|value5=1.95|color5=LightGreen|label6=[[Buddhism]]|value6=0.25|color6=Yellow|label7=[[Hinduism]]|value7=0.18|color7=Red|label8=[[Judaism]]|value8=0.09|color8=Honeydew|label9=[[Islam]]|value9=0.42|color9=Green|value10=0.44|value11=19.55|label10=Other Religion|label11=No Religion|color11=Grey}}

===Census results===
{{Historical populations
| align = none
| cols = 1
| source = INE<ref>Instituto Nacional de Estatística. [https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_publicacoes (Recenseamentos Gerais da População)] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408005823/https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_publicacoes |date=8 April 2008 }}</ref>
|1864 |89349
|1878 |110707
|1890 |146454
|1900 |165729
|1911 |191890
|1920 |202310
|1930 |229794
|1940 |258548
|1950 |281406
|1960 |303424
|1970 |301655
|1981 |327368
|1991 |302472
|2001 |263131
|2011 |237591
|2021 |231800
}}

==Economy==
[[File:Cave do Vinho do Porto 03.jpg|thumb|Barrels of port wine aging: the fortified wine is the best-known of the city's exports]]
{{Further|topic=the international company that develops digital banking platforms|ebankIT}}
Porto plus the [[conurbation]] to which it belongs and has Porto municipality as its central core forming the nucleus of the conurbation, is a major industrial and financial center of both Portugal and the Iberian Peninsula. As the most important city in the heavily industrialized northwest, many of the largest Portuguese corporations from diverse [[Economy|economic sectors]], like [[Altri]], [[Ambar – Ideas on Paper S.A.|Ambar]], [[Corticeira Amorim|Amorim]], [[Bial]], [[Banco Português de Investimento|BPI]], [[Cerealis]], [[Corporação Industrial do Norte|CIN]], [[Cofina]], [[EFACEC]], [[Frulact]], [[Lactogal]], [[Banco Comercial Português|Millennium bcp]], Porto [[Porto Editora|Editora]], [[Grupo RAR|RAR]], [[Sonae]], [[Sonae Indústria]], and [[Super Bock Group]], are headquartered in the [[Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto]], most notably, in the core municipalities of [[Maia (city)|Maia]], [[Matosinhos]], Porto, and [[Vila Nova de Gaia]].

The city's former [[stock exchange]] ([[Euronext Lisbon|Bolsa do Porto]]) was transformed into the largest [[Futures exchange|derivatives exchange]] of Portugal, and merged with [[Euronext Lisbon|Lisbon Stock Exchange]] to create the [[Euronext Lisbon|Bolsa de Valores de Lisboa e Porto]], which eventually merged with [[Euronext]], together with Amsterdam, Brussels and Paris stock and [[futures exchange]]s. The building formerly hosting the stock exchange is currently one of the city's touristic attractions, with the Salão Árabe (Arab Room in English) being its major highlight. The [[Banco Português de Fomento]] (BPF), a Portuguese state-owned development bank established in 2020, is headquartered in Porto.

Porto hosts a popular Portuguese newspaper, ''[[Jornal de Notícias]]''. The building where its offices are located (which has the same name as the newspaper) was at a time one of the tallest in the city (it has been superseded by a number of modern buildings which have been built since the 1990s).{{Citation needed|date=November 2008}}
[[File: POR Porto Jardim Oliveiras 07.jpg|thumb|Shopping area near the [[Clérigos Church|Clérigos Tower]].]]
[[Porto Editora]], one of the biggest Portuguese publishers, is also located in Porto. Its dictionaries are among the most popular references used in the country, and the translations are very popular as well.

The economic relations between the city of Porto and the Upper [[Douro]] River have been documented since the [[Middle Ages]]. However, they were greatly deepened in the modern age. {{Citation needed|date=November 2008}} Indeed, [[sumac]]h, dry fruits and [[Nut (fruit)|nut]]s and the Douro [[olive oil]]s sustained prosperous exchanges between the region and Porto. From the riverside quays at the river mouth, these products were exported to other markets of the [[Old World|Old]] and [[New World]]. However, the greatest lever to interregional trade relations resulted from the commercial dynamics of the [[Port wine]] (''Vinho do Porto'') agro-industry. {{Citation needed|date=November 2008}} It decidedly bolstered the complementary relationship between the large coastal urban centre, endowed with open doors to the sea, and a region with significant agricultural potential, especially in terms of the production of extremely high quality [[fortified wine]]s, known by the world-famous label ''Port''. The development of Porto was also closely connected with the left margin of River Douro in [[Vila Nova de Gaia]], where is located the amphitheater-shaped slope with the Port wine cellars.

[[File:Vila Nova de Gaia from Porto (6847153331).jpg|thumb|South side of Douro, Vila Nova de Gaia]]
The city is very much the gateway to Portugal's northern region as well as the northern and western areas of Spain. Within a two-hour drive of Porto's airport, there are four Unesco World Heritage sites and popular Spanish tourist hotspots such as Santiago de Compostela.
In a study concerning [[Competition (companies)|competitiveness]] of the 18 Portuguese district capitals, Porto was the worst-ranked. The study was made by [[Minho University]] economics researchers and was published in [[Público (Portugal)|Público]] newspaper on 30 September 2006. The best-ranked cities in the study were [[Évora]], Lisbon, and [[Coimbra]].<ref>[http://www.publico.clix.pt/shownews.asp?id=1271886&idCanal=63z Publico.pt – Índice de competitividade coloca Évora no topo e Porto em último] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311121939/http://www.publico.clix.pt/shownews.asp?id=1271886&idCanal=63z |date=11 March 2007 }} Pedro Ribeiro – 30 September 2006</ref> Nevertheless, the validity of this study was questioned by some Porto notable figures (such as local politicians and businesspersons) who argued that the city proper does not function independently but in conurbation with other municipalities.<ref>Coentrão, Abel [http://jornal.publico.clix.pt/noticias.asp?a=2006&m=10&d=06&uid=&id=101004&sid=11148 Quanto vale o Grande Porto?] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311071227/http://jornal.publico.clix.pt/noticias.asp?a=2006&m=10&d=06&uid=&id=101004&sid=11148 |date=11 March 2007 }} — Publico.pt</ref> A 2007 ranking published in ''[[Expresso (Portuguese newspaper)|Expresso]]'' ranked Porto as the third best city to live in Portugal – tied with [[Évora]] and below [[Guimarães]] and [[Lisbon]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clix.semanal.expresso.pt/imagens/ed1784/fotos/pdfs/IPDF-u0321.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216053252/http://clix.semanal.expresso.pt/imagens/ed1784/fotos/pdfs/IPDF-u0321.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 February 2008 |title=Classificação Expresso das melhores cidades portuguesas para viver em 2007}}&nbsp;{{small|(66.5&nbsp;KB) }}</ref> 

The Porto metropolitan area had a GDP amounting to €43.1 billion ($46.6 billion) and €24,075 ($25,989) per capita in 2023.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=14 January 2025 |title=Produto interno bruto (B.1*g) a preços correntes (Base 2021 - €) por Localização geográfica (NUTS - 2024); Anual |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0014131&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2 |website=www.ine.pt |archive-date=14 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214134138/https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0014131&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2&xpid=INE |url-status=live }}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=14 January 2025 |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0014103&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2 |title=Produto interno bruto (B.1*g) por habitante a preços correntes (Base 2021 - €) por Localização geográfica (NUTS - 2024); Anual |website=www.ine.pt |archive-date=16 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116220647/https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0014103&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2 |url-status=live }}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref>{{cite journal |access-date=2 December 2023 |title=US dollar (USD) |url=https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/euro_reference_exchange_rates/html/eurofxref-graph-usd.en.html |website=ecb.pt |archive-date=1 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201143849/https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/euro_reference_exchange_rates/html/eurofxref-graph-usd.en.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Tourism===
[[File:Ribera area along the river Duoro, Porto, Portugal, 2019.jpg|thumb|The Ribeira area along the river Douro, part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site]]
Over the last few years, Porto has experienced significant tourism increases, which may be partly linked to the [[Ryanair]] hub at Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport. Porto won the European Best Destination 2012, 2014 and 2017 awards.<ref name="test">{{cite web |url=http://www.europeanbestdestinations.org/top/europe-best-destinations-2014/ |title=Europe's best destinations 2014 – Europe's Best Destinations |work=europeanbestdestinations.org |access-date=26 May 2014 |archive-date=28 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528005838/http://www.europeanbestdestinations.org/top/europe-best-destinations-2014/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The city received 2.8&nbsp;million overnight visitors and 1.4&nbsp;million day trippers between January and November 2017, with 73% from other countries. Tourism revenue has been increasing by over 11%, according to a 2018 report.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fdiintelligence.com/Special-Reports/Tourists-and-real-estate-investors-home-in-on-Porto |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926200213/https://www.fdiintelligence.com/Special-Reports/Tourists-and-real-estate-investors-home-in-on-Porto |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 September 2019 |title=Tourists and real estate investors home in on Porto }}</ref>

According to a February 2019 report, over 10% of economic activity in Porto is generated by tourism.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://portoevents.com/porto-growth-in-visitors-for-for-tourism-conferences/ |title=Porto enjoys rapid growth in visitors in 2018 for tourism & conferences |access-date=26 September 2019 |archive-date=26 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926201845/https://portoevents.com/porto-growth-in-visitors-for-for-tourism-conferences/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The hotel occupancy rate in 2017 was 77%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/545304/hotel-occupancy-rate-porto/ |title=Porto hotel occupancy rate 2011–2019 |website=Statista |access-date=26 September 2019 |archive-date=2 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002235203/https://www.statista.com/statistics/545304/hotel-occupancy-rate-porto/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A scholarly study published in June 2019 stated that "Porto is one of the fastest-growing European tourist destinations that has experienced
exponential growth in the demand for city-break tourists".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ottomanjournal.com/issue/2019/2019_vol.4issue2_2.pdf |title=Urban Tourist Motivations in the City of Porto |access-date=26 September 2019 |archive-date=26 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926202407/http://ottomanjournal.com/issue/2019/2019_vol.4issue2_2.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

The most popular tourist attractions in the city include the Porto Cathedral, Dom Luís I Bridge, [[Café Majestic]], [[Livraria Lello]] and Jardins do Palácio de Cristal.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.travellerselixir.com/things-to-do-in-porto/, |title=15 Best Things To Do In Porto In 2023 (Written By A Local) |website=Traveller's Elixir |date=4 February 2023 |access-date=14 October 2023 |archive-date=2 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002235205/https://www.travellerselixir.com/things-to-do-in-porto/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Transport==
===Roads and bridges===
[[File:VCI.svg|thumb|Internal highway]]

The road system capacity is augmented by the ''Via de Cintura Interna'' or A20, an internal highway connected to several motorways and city exits, complementing the ''Circunvalação'' 4-lane peripheric road, which borders the north of the city and connects the eastern side of the city to the Atlantic shore. The city is connected to Valença ([[Viana do Castelo]]) by highway A28, to Estarreja ([[Aveiro, Portugal|Aveiro]]) by the A29, to [[Lisbon]] by the A1, to [[Bragança, Portugal|Bragança]] by the A4 and to [[Braga]] by the A3. There is also an outer-ring road, the A41, that connects all the main cities around Porto, linking the city to other major metropolitan highways such as the A7, A11, A42, A43 and A44. Since 2011, a new highway, the A32, connects the metropolitan area to [[São João da Madeira]] and [[Oliveira de Azeméis]].
[[File:Luís I Bridge, Porto, Portugal.jpg|thumb|Luís I Bridge, September 2019]]
The [[Dom Luís I Bridge]] (Ponte de Dom Luís I) is a double-deck metal arch bridge that spans the River Douro between Porto and Vila Nova de Gaia. Built in 1886, its 172 metres (564&nbsp;ft) span was then the longest of its type in the world. The top-level is used for the Porto Metro trains, with an option for pedestrians; the lower level carries traffic and pedestrians.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.travel-in-portugal.com/attractions/dom-luis-i-bridge.htm |title=Dom Luis I Bridge |website=Portugal Travel Guide |date=15 June 2014 |access-date=28 September 2019 |archive-date=28 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928010642/https://www.travel-in-portugal.com/attractions/dom-luis-i-bridge.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the 20th century, major bridges were built: ''[[Arrábida Bridge]]'', which at its opening had the biggest concrete supporting arch in the world, and connects the north and south shores of the Douro on the west side of the city, ''[[Ponte de São João|S. João]]'', to replace ''D. Maria Pia'' and ''[[Freixo Bridge|Freixo]]'', a highway bridge on the east side of the city. The newest bridge is [[Infante Dom Henrique Bridge]], finished in 2003. Two more bridges are said to be under designing stages and due to be built in the next 10 years, one on the Campo Alegre area, nearby the Faculty of Humanities and the Arts, and another one in the area known as the Massarelos valley. {{Citation needed|date=November 2008}}

Porto is often referred to as ''Cidade das Pontes'' (City of the Bridges), besides its more traditional nicknames of "Cidade Invicta" (Unconquered/ Invincible City) and "Capital do Norte" (Capital of the North).

=== Cruising ===
In July 2015 a new [[Porto Leixões Cruise Terminal|cruise terminal]] was opened at the port of Leixões, which is north of the city in [[Matosinhos]].

===Airport===
[[File:Aeroporto Porto 17.jpg|thumb|Francisco Sá Carneiro Airport]]

Porto is served by [[Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport]] which is located in Pedras Rubras, Moreira da Maia civil parish of the neighbouring [[Maia (city)|Municipality of Maia]], some {{convert|15|km|0|abbr=off}} to the north-west of the city centre. The airport underwent a massive programme of refurbishment due to the [[UEFA Euro 2004|Euro 2004]] football championships being partly hosted in the city. It is connected to central Porto by metro’s line E. By 2024, the airport served nearly 16 million passengers, being the 2nd busiest airport in Portugal and the [[List of the busiest airports in Europe|37th busiest in Europe]].<ref name="Vinci1">{{cite web |title=VINCI Airports - Traffic as of December 31, 2024 |url=https://en.newsroom.vinci-airports.com/news/vinci-airports-traffic-as-of-december-31-2024-0e435-46ae7.html |date=16 January 2025 |access-date=17 January 2025 |archive-date=17 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250117012511/https://en.newsroom.vinci-airports.com/news/vinci-airports-traffic-as-of-december-31-2024-0e435-46ae7.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Public transport===
====Railways====
[[File:Estación de tren São Bento, Oporto, Portugal, 2012-05-09, DD 10.JPG|thumb|[[São Bento railway station]]]]
[[File:Estación de tren São Bento, Oporto, Portugal, 2019-06-02, DD 06.jpg|thumb|[[Azulejo]]s at São Bento]]
Porto's main railway station is [[Campanhã railway station]], located in the eastern part of the city and connected to the lines of Douro (Peso da Régua/Tua/Pocinho), Minho (Barcelos/Viana do Castelo/Valença) and centre of Portugal (on the main line to [[Aveiro, Portugal|Aveiro]], [[Coimbra]] and [[Lisbon]]).

From Campanhã station, both [[Porto Metro|light rail]] and [[Regional rail|suburban rail]] services connect to the city center. The main [[central station]] is [[São Bento railway station|São Bento Station]], which is itself a notable landmark in the heart of Porto. This station was built between 1900 and 1916, based on plans by architect José Marques da Silva. The large panels of azulejo tile were designed by Jorge Colaço; the murals represent moments in the country's history and rural scenes showing the people of various regions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.do-tours.com/en/blog/ |title=Les Nouveautés Do Tours &#124; Do Tours |first=Do |last=Tours |access-date=23 January 2020 |archive-date=16 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616045005/https://www.do-tours.com/en/blog/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Porto is connected with [[Lisbon]] via high-speed trains, ''[[Alfa Pendular]]'', that cover the distance in 2h 42min. The intercities take slightly more than 3 hours to cover the same distance. In addition, Porto is connected to the Spanish city of [[Vigo]] with the [[Celta train]], running twice every day, a 2h 20min trip.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.travelinho.com/en/travel/from-porto-to-santiago-de-compostela#train-OPO-VGO |title=Porto – Santiago de Compostela: Trains, Buses & Carpooling |website=www.travelinho.com |access-date=9 October 2018 |archive-date=9 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009172237/https://www.travelinho.com/en/travel/from-porto-to-santiago-de-compostela#train-OPO-VGO |url-status=dead }}</ref>

====Light rail====
[[File:Puente Don Luis I, Oporto, Portugal, 2012-05-09, DD 14.JPG|thumb|[[Porto Metro]] [[light rail]]]]
Currently, the major network is the [[Porto Metro]], a [[light rail]] system. Consequently, the Infante bridge was built for urban traffic, replacing the Dom Luís I, which was dedicated to the light rail on the second and higher of the bridge's two levels. Six lines are open: lines A (blue), B (red), C (green) and E (purple) all begin at [[Estádio do Dragão]] (home to [[FC Porto]]) and terminate at Senhor de Matosinhos, [[Póvoa de Varzim]] (via [[Vila do Conde]]), [[ISMAI]] (via Maia) and Francisco Sá Carneiro airport respectively. Line D (yellow) currently runs from Hospital S. João in the north to Vila d'Este on the southern side of the Douro river. Line F (orange), from Senhora da Hora (Matosinhos) to Fânzeres (Gondomar). The lines intersect at the central [[Trindade station (Porto Metro)|Trindade]] station. Currently, the whole network spans {{cvt|70|km|mi|abbr=on}} using 85 stations,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metro em números |url=https://www.metrodoporto.pt/pages/307 |access-date=18 August 2024 |website=www.metrodoporto.pt |language=pt-PT |archive-date=24 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240924210650/https://www.metrodoporto.pt/pages/307 |url-status=live }}</ref> thus being the biggest [[urban rail transit]] system in the country.

In 2019, Porto Metro transferred the management of the [[Funicular dos Guindais]] to Porto city hall.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Funicular dos Guindais e Elevador da Lada concessionados por 2,17 milhões de euros |url=https://www.publico.pt/2019/11/07/local/noticia/funicular-guindais-elevador-lada-concessionados-217-milhoes-euros-1892861 |access-date=15 January 2025 |date=17 November 2019 |website=www.publico.pt |language=pt-PT |archive-date=23 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123212438/https://www.publico.pt/2019/11/07/local/noticia/funicular-guindais-elevador-lada-concessionados-217-milhoes-euros-1892861 |url-status=live }}</ref> Currently, expansion of the network is underway, with two lines under construction and a [[Bus rapid transit|bus rapid transit]] expected to open during 2025.

{{clear}}

{| border="1" cellpadding="3" style="margin:1em auto; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center;"
|- style="text-align:center;background:white;color:#001858"
! colspan="6"| [[File:Porto Metro logo.svg|30px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>Metro do Porto</big>
|- style="text-align:center;background:white;color:#001858"
|colspan=2 |'''Line'''
|'''Length'''<br/>(km)
|'''Stations'''
|'''Inauguration'''
|'''Vehicle'''
|- style="text-align:center;background:white;color:#001858"
|bgcolor=white|{{center|[[File:Metro do Porto linha A.svg|21px]]}}
| style="background:#0083d7;"|{{center|[[Linha A (Metro do Porto)|<span style="color:white;">'''Estádio do Dragão ↔ Senhor de Matosinhos'''</span>]]}}
|'''15.6'''
|'''23'''
|'''7 December 2002'''
|'''[[Bombardier Flexity Outlook|Flexity Outlook (Eurotram)]]'''
|- style="text-align:center;background:white;color:#001858"
|bgcolor=white|{{center|[[File:Metro do Porto linha B.svg|21px]]}}
| style="background:#e62621;"|{{center|[[Linha B (Metro do Porto)|<span style="color:white;">'''Estádio do Dragão ↔ Póvoa de Varzim'''</span>]]}}
|'''33.6'''
|'''35'''
|'''13 March 2005'''
|'''[[Bombardier Flexity Swift|Flexity Swift (Tram-train)]]'''
|- style="text-align:center;background:white;color:#001858"
|bgcolor=white|{{center|[[File:Metro do Porto linha C.svg|21px]]}}
| style="background:#6eab24;"|{{center|[[Linha C (Metro do Porto)|<span style="color:white;">'''Campanhã ↔ ISMAI'''</span>]]}}
|'''19.6'''
|'''24'''
|'''30 July 2005'''
|'''[[Bombardier Flexity Swift|Flexity Swift (Tram-train)]]'''
|- style="text-align:center;background:white;color:#001858"
|bgcolor=white|{{center|[[File:Metro do Porto linha D.svg|21px]]}}
| style="background:#ffa700;"|{{center|[[Linha D (Metro do Porto)|<span style="color:white;">'''Hospital São João ↔ Vila D'Este'''</span>]]}}
|'''9.2'''
|'''16'''
|'''18 September 2005'''
|'''[[Bombardier Flexity Outlook|Flexity Outlook (Eurotram)]]'''
|- style="text-align:center;background:white;color:#001858"
|bgcolor=white|{{center|[[File:Metro do Porto linha E.svg|21px]]}}
| style="background:#645a95;"|{{center|1=<span style="color:white;">'''Estádio do Dragão ↔ Aeroporto''' [[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|17px]]</span>}}
|'''16.7'''
|'''21'''
|'''27 May 2006'''
|'''[[Bombardier Flexity Outlook|Flexity Outlook (Eurotram)]]'''
|- style="text-align:center;background:white;color:#001858"
|bgcolor=white|{{center|[[File:Metro do Porto linha F.svg|21px]]}}
| style="background:#fa6914;"|{{center|[[Linha F (Metro do Porto)|<span style="color:white;">'''Fânzeres ↔ Senhora da Hora'''</span>]]}}
|'''17.4'''
|'''24'''
|'''2 January 2011'''
|'''[[Bombardier Flexity Outlook|Flexity Outlook (Eurotram)]]'''
|}

====Buses====
[[File:Autocarro STCP (Porto).JPG|thumb|STCP bus]]

The city has an extensive [[bus network]] run by the [[Sociedade de Transportes Colectivos do Porto|STCP]] (Sociedade dos Transportes Colectivos do Porto, or Porto [[Public transport]] Society) which also operates lines in the neighbouring cities of [[Vila Nova de Gaia|Gaia]], Maia, Matosinhos, [[Gondomar, Portugal|Gondomar]] and Valongo. Other smaller companies connect such towns as [[Paços de Ferreira]] and [[Santo Tirso Municipality|Santo Tirso]] to the town center. In the past, the city also had [[trolleybus]]es.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.altrinchamfc.co.uk/opotrams.htm |title=Luso Pages – Oporto / Porto (Portugal) Trams and Trolleybuses |website=Altrinchamfc.co.uk |access-date=4 December 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002235205/http://www.altrinchamfc.co.uk/opotrams.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> A bus journey is 2.50 €, which must be paid in cash.

====Trams====
{{main|Trams in Porto}}
[[File:Trams at Carmo terminus in Porto.jpg|thumb|Heritage tram]]
A [[Trams in Porto|tram network]], of which only three lines remain one of them being a tourist line on the shores of the Douro, saw its construction begin on 12 September 1895, therefore being the first in the [[Iberian Peninsula]]. The lines in operation all use vintage tramcars, so the service has become a [[Heritage streetcar|heritage tramway]]. STCP also operates these routes as well as a [[Porto Tram Museum|tram museum]]. The first line of the area's modern-tram, or [[light rail]] system, named ''[[Porto Metro|Metro do Porto]]'', opened for revenue service in January 2003<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/porto-light-rail/ |title=Porto Light Rail Project, Portugal |publisher=Railway Technology |access-date=6 May 2009 |archive-date=5 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705195749/http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/porto-light-rail/ |url-status=live }}</ref> (after a brief period of [[Free public transport|free]], introductory service in December 2002).

====Porto public transportation statistics====
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Porto, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 47 minutes. About 6.5% of public transit riders ride for more than two hours every day. The average time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 12 minutes, while 17.4% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people ride in a single trip with public transit is 6&nbsp;km, while 5% travel for over 12&nbsp;km in a single direction.<ref>{{cite web |title=Porto Public Transportation Statistics |publisher=Global Public Transit Index by Moovit |url=https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_Portugal_Porto-1904 |access-date=19 June 2017 |archive-date=1 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901025825/https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_Portugal_Porto-1904 |url-status=live}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016050101/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |date=16 October 2017 }}.</ref>

==Culture==
[[File:Fundación Serralves o palacete de Miami.jpg|thumb|Casa de Serralves]]
In 2001, Porto shared the designation [[European Capital of Culture|European Culture Capital]] with [[Rotterdam]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atlas-webshop.org/epages/61492534.sf/en_GB/?ObjectPath=/Shops/61492534/Products/ATL_00023 |title=Rotterdam and Porto: Cultural Capitals 2001: visitor research. – ATLAS Shop |last=AtlasWeb |work=atlas-webshop.org |year=2011 |access-date=5 July 2011 |archive-date=23 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223182641/http://www.atlas-webshop.org/epages/61492534.sf/en_GB/?ObjectPath=/Shops/61492534/Products/ATL_00023 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the scope of these events, the construction of the major concert hall space [[Casa da Música]], designed by the Dutch architect [[Rem Koolhaas]], was initiated and finished in 2005.

The first Portuguese moving pictures were taken in Porto by Aurélio da Paz dos Reis and shown there on 12 November 1896 in the Teatro do Príncipe Real do Porto, less than a year after the first public presentation by [[Auguste and Louis Lumière]]. The country's first [[movie studio]]s Invicta Filmes was also erected in Porto in 1917 and was open from 1918 to 1927 in the area of Carvalhido. [[Manoel de Oliveira]], a Portuguese film director and the oldest director in the world to be active until his death in 2015, was from Porto. [[Fantasporto]] is an international film festival organized in Porto every year. The [[DCEU]] film ''[[The Suicide Squad (film)|The Suicide Squad]]'' (2021) written and directed by [[James Gunn]] based on a [[Suicide Squad]] story, shows the city twice in the movie, in which shows us [[Daniela Melchior]] a Portuguese actress, who portrays [[Ratcatcher 2]] in which the character is the heart of the film, a [[Portugal|Portuguese]] version of [[Ratcatcher (comics)|Ratcatcher]].<ref name="PortoFilming">{{Cite web |date=30 July 2021 |title="There is no place like Porto", as the Invicta is under the Hollywood's radar, this time starring in 'The Suicide Squad' |url=https://www.porto.pt/en/news/there-is-no-place-like-porto-as-the-invicta-is-under-hollywoods-radar-this-time-starring-in-the-suicide-squad/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802210938/https://www.porto.pt/en/news/there-is-no-place-like-porto-as-the-invicta-is-under-hollywoods-radar-this-time-starring-in-the-suicide-squad |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=22 January 2022 |website=Porto.pt }}</ref>

Many renowned [[Music of Portugal|Portuguese music]] artists and cult bands such as [[GNR (band)|GNR]], [[Rui Veloso]], [[Sérgio Godinho]], [[Clã]], [[Pluto (Portuguese band)|Pluto]], [[:pt:Os Azeitonas|Azeitonas]] and [[Ornatos Violeta]] are from the city or its metropolitan area.
Porto has several museums, concert halls, theaters, cinemas, [[Art museum|art galleries]], libraries and bookshops. The best-known museums of Porto are the [[National Museum Soares dos Reis]] (''Museu Nacional de Soares dos Reis''), which is dedicated especially to the Portuguese [[Art movement|artistic movements]] from the 16th to the 20th century, and the Museum of Contemporary Art of the [[Serralves Foundation]] (''Museu de Arte Contemporânea'').

The city has concert halls such as the [[Coliseu do Porto|Coliseu do]] Porto by the Portuguese architect Cassiano Branco, an example of the Portuguese [[decorative arts]]. Other notable venues include the historical [[São João National Theatre]], the ''Rivoli'' theatre, the ''[[Cinema Batalha (Porto)|Batalha cinema]]'' and ''[[Casa da Música]]'', inaugurated in 2005.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/25/arts/design/a-vision-of-a-mobile-society-rolls-off-the-assembly-line.html |title=A Vision of a Mobile Society Rolls Off the Assembly Line |first=Nicolai |last=Ouroussoff |work=The New York Times |date=25 December 2005 |via=NYTimes.com |access-date=23 January 2020 |archive-date=4 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104225154/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/25/arts/design/25ouro.html?_r=1&oref=slogin |url-status=live }}</ref> The city has the [[Lello Bookshop]], which is frequently rated among the top bookstores in the world.<ref name="bookshop">{{cite news |url=http://books.guardian.co.uk/shoptalk/story/0,,2239172,00.html |title=Top shelves |access-date=22 January 2008 |work=The Guardian |date=11 January 2008 |archive-date=24 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624091809/http://books.guardian.co.uk/shoptalk/story/0,,2239172,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Porto houses the largest synagogue in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the largest in Europe – [[Kadoorie Synagogue]], inaugurated in 1938.{{cn|date=June 2021}} 

===Entertainment===
[[File:Casamusicaexterior.jpg|thumb|Casa da Música]]

Porto's most popular event is St. John ([[Festa de São João|São João Festival]]) on the night of 23–24 June.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldeventsguide.com/event/4421/Porto-Portugal/S-o-Jo-o-Festival-St-John-Festival.html |title=São João Festival (St John Festival) |publisher=World Events Guide |access-date=6 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917024856/http://www.worldeventsguide.com/event/4421/Porto-Portugal/S-o-Jo-o-Festival-St-John-Festival.html |archive-date=17 September 2008 }}</ref> In this season it's a tradition to have a vase with bush basil decorated with a small poem. During the dinner of the great day, people usually eat sardines and boiled potatoes together with [[red wine]].

Another major event is [[Queima das Fitas]], which starts on the first Sunday of May and ends on the second Sunday of the month. Basically, before the beginning of the [[Study hall|study period]] preceding the school year's last exams, [[academia]] tries to have as much fun as possible. The week has 12 major events, starting with the Monumental Serenata on Sunday, and reaching its peak with the Cortejo Académico on Tuesday, when about 50,000 students of the city's higher education institutions march through the downtown streets till they reach the city hall. During every night of the week, a series of concerts takes place on the Queimódromo, next to the city's park, where it is also a tradition for the students in their second-to-last year to erect small tents where [[alcoholic beverages|alcohol]] is sold to finance the trip that takes place during the last year of their course of study; an average of 50,000 students attend these events.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fap.pt/index.php?ch_site=queima |title=Federação Académica do Porto |website=Fap.pt |access-date=6 May 2009 |archive-date=21 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090521135803/http://fap.pt/index.php?ch_site=queima |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Arts===
[[File:Porto - Matosinhos - Praça da Cidade de Salvador.jpg|thumb|On the waterfront, ''[[She Changes]]'' sculpture by artist [[Janet Echelman]]]]

Porto was the birthplace in 1856 of [[Susanna Roope Dockery]], an Anglo-Portuguese watercolour painter who produced many paintings of the city and the people and landscape of the surrounding rural areas. An Englishman, [[Frederick William Flower]], moved to Porto in 1834 at the age of 19 to work in the wine trade and subsequently became a pioneer of photography in Portugal. Like Dockery, he drew his inspiration from the city, the Douro river and the rural areas.

In 2005, the municipality funded a [[Public art|public sculpture]] to be built in the Waterfront Plaza of [[Matosinhos]]. The resulting sculpture is entitled ''[[She Changes]]''<ref>[http://www.sculpture.org/documents/scmag05/julaug_05/echelman.shtml Janet Echelman's She Changes] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205161717/http://www.sculpture.org/documents/scmag05/julaug_05/echelman.shtml |date=5 February 2012 }} Sculpture Magazine July–August 2005</ref> by American artist, [[Janet Echelman]], and spans the height of 50&nbsp;×&nbsp;150&nbsp;×&nbsp;150 metres.

===Architecture===
[[File:Azuelo tile mural at Porto Cathedral.jpg|thumb|[[Azulejo]]s and Gothic elements at the Cathedral]]

Due to its long history, the city of Porto carries immense architectural patrimony. From the [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] [[Porto Cathedral|Cathedral]] to the Social Housing projects developed through the late 20th century, much could be said surrounding architecture.

Porto is home to the [[Porto School of Architecture]], one of the most prestigious architecture schools in Europe and the world. It is also home to two earners of the [[Pritzker Architecture Prize]] (two former students of the aforementioned [[Porto School of Architecture|school]]): [[Álvaro Siza Vieira]] and [[Eduardo Souto de Moura]].

This historic area includes the cathedral with its Romanesque choir, the neoclassical Stock Exchange and the Manueline-style Church of Santa Clara. The entire historic centre has been a National Monument since 2001 under Law No. 107/2001. The "Historic Centre of Porto, Luiz I Bridge and Monastery of Serra do Pilar" is a Unesco World Heritage site.<ref name="auto"/>

===Gastronomy===
[[File:Francesinha @ Ar do Rio.jpg|thumb|The [[francesinha]] is made of bread, sausage, steak, cheese and a beer-based sauce. Some types of francesinha may include egg or other ingredients.]]
Porto is home to a number of dishes from traditional [[Portuguese cuisine]]. A typical dish from this city is ''[[Tripas à Moda do Porto]]'' ([[Tripe]] Porto style). ''[[Bacalhau à Gomes de Sá]]'' (cod in the style of Gomes de Sá) is another typical [[cod]]fish dish born in Porto and popular in Portugal.

The ''[[Francesinha]]'' is the most popular native snack food in Porto. It is a kind of sandwich with several types of meat covered with cheese and a special sauce made with beer and other ingredients.

[[Rojões]] (fried pork meat) and [[sarrabulho]] (pig blood-based dish) are also typical dishes of [[North Region, Portugal|Norte Region]] which are very popular in the regional capital, the city of Porto. Like in almost all coastal areas of the Portuguese littoral with wide availability of fresh fish, [[sardinha assada]] (grilled sardine) is also a usual, classic main dish.

[[Port wine]], an internationally renowned wine, is widely accepted as the city's [[dessert wine]], especially as the wine is made along the [[Douro]] River, which runs through the city.

==Education==
The city has a large number of public and private [[education in Portugal|elementary and secondary schools]], as well as kindergartens and nurseries. The oldest and largest international school located in Porto is the [[Oporto British School]], established in 1894. There are more international schools in the city, such as the [[Lycée Français International de Porto|French School]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lyceefrancaisdeporto.pt/pt-pt/page/lfip-em-poucas-palavras |title=Lycée Français International de Porto |website=LFIP |access-date=12 August 2017 |archive-date=12 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812212120/http://www.lyceefrancaisdeporto.pt/pt-pt/page/lfip-em-poucas-palavras |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[Deutsche Schule zu Porto]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dsporto.de/pt-pt/1901-1921/ |title=1901–1921 |website=Dsporto.de |access-date=12 August 2017 |archive-date=2 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002235206/https://www.dsporto.de/pt-pt/1901-1921/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Oporto International School]], which were created in the 20th century.

=== Higher education ===
[[File:Up reitoria.jpg|thumb|The rectory of the [[University of Porto]]]]
Porto has several institutions of higher education, the largest one being the state-managed [[University of Porto]] (''Universidade do Porto''), which is the second largest Portuguese university, after the [[University of Lisbon]], with approximately 28,000 students and considered one of the 100 best Universities in Europe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.webometrics.info/top100_continent.asp?cont=europe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618034838/http://www.webometrics.info/top100_continent.asp?cont=europe |url-status=dead |title=Ranking Web of World Universities |archive-date=18 June 2012 }}</ref> There is also a state-managed [[polytechnic (Portugal)|polytechnic]] institute, the [[Polytechnic Institute of Porto]] (a group of technical colleges), and private institutions like the [[Lusíada University of Porto]], [[Fernando Pessoa University|Universidade Fernando Pessoa]] (UFP), the Porto's Higher Education School of Arts (''ESAP- Escola Superior Artística do Porto'') and a [[Vatican City|Vatican state]] university, the [[Catholic University of Portugal|Portuguese Catholic University]] in Porto (''Universidade Católica Portuguesa – Porto'') and the Portucalense University in Porto (''Universidade Portucalense – Infante D. Henrique''). Due to the recognition, potential for employment and higher revenue, there are many students from the entire country, particularly from the [[Norte Region, Portugal|north of Portugal]], attending a college or university in Porto.

For foreigners wishing to study Portuguese in the city there are a number of options. As the most popular city in Portugal for [[Erasmus Programme|ERASMUS]] students, most universities have facilities to assist foreigners in learning the language {{fact|date=October 2024}}. There are also several private language learning institutions in the city.

==Sport==
[[File:Palaciodecristalporto.jpg|thumb|[[Super Bock Arena]] – Pavilhão Rosa Mota]]
Porto, in addition to football stadia since football is by far the most popular sport in Porto and across the entire country, is home to many athletic sports arenas, most notably the city-owned [[Super Bock Arena]] (formerly Pavilhão Rosa Mota), swimming pools in the area of ''Constituição'' (between the ''Marquês'' and ''Boavista''), and other minor arenas, such as the ''Pavilhão do Académico'', as well as to other sports fields. These sports arenas, swimming pools and sports fields are used for the practice of sports, including varsity and competitive professional sports, in a diversity of sport disciplines ranging from handball, basketball, futsal and field hockey to rink hockey, volleyball, water polo and rugby.

Porto is home to northern Portugal's only [[Cricket]] club, the [[Oporto Cricket and Lawn Tennis Club]]. Annually, for more than 100 years, a match (the [[Kendall Cup]]) has been played between the Oporto Club and the Casuals Club of [[Lisbon]], in addition to regular games against touring teams (mainly from England). The club's pitch is located off the ''Rua Campo Alegre''.

In 1958 and 1960, Porto's streets hosted the Formula One [[Portuguese Grand Prix]] on the [[Circuito da Boavista|Boavista street circuit]], which are reenacted annually, in addition to a [[World Touring Car Championship]] race.

It is one of the potential host cities for the [[2030 FIFA World Cup]].

Every year in October the [[Porto Marathon]] is held through the streets of the old city of Porto.

In 2023 [[HC Porto]] became the first Portuguese [[ice hockey]] team to join the [[Spain|Spanish]] ''[[Liga Nacional de Hockey Hielo]]'' (LNHH) after an agreement was made between the [[Portuguese Winter Sports Federation]], [[Royal Spanish Winter Sports Federation]] and the [[International Ice Hockey Federation]].<ref name="bomdia">{{cite news |title=HC Porto estreia Portugal na liga espanhola de hóquei no gelo |url=https://bomdia.eu/hc-porto-estreia-portugal-na-liga-espanhola-de-hoquei-no-gelo/ |access-date=21 November 2024 |date=5 October 2023 |language=Portuguese |publisher=BomDia.eu }}</ref>

===Football===
[[File:Estadio do Dragao 20050805.jpg|thumb|[[Estádio do Dragão]], home of [[FC Porto]]]]
[[File:Estadio do bessa.jpg|thumb|[[Estádio do Bessa]] XXI, home of [[Boavista F.C.|Boavista]]]]

As in most Portuguese cities, [[Association football|football]] is the most popular sport. There are two main teams in Porto: [[FC Porto]] in the parish of [[Campanhã]] in the eastern part of the city, and [[Boavista F.C.|Boavista]] in the area of Boavista in the parish of [[Ramalde]], in the western part of the city, close to the city centre. FC Porto is one of the "[[Big Three (Portugal)|Big Three]]" teams in the main Portuguese football league, and was European champion in 1987 and 2004, won the UEFA Cup (2003) and Europa League (2011) and the Intercontinental Toyota Cup in 1987 and 2004. Boavista have won the championship once, in the [[2000–01 Primeira Liga|2000–01 season]] and reached the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup in 2003, where they lost 2–1 to [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]].

Formerly, [[S.C. Salgueiros|Salgueiros]] from [[Paranhos, Porto|Paranhos]] was a regular first division club during the 1980s and 1990s but, due to financial indebtedness, the club folded in the 2000s. The club was [[S.C. Salgueiros 08|refounded in 2008]] and began playing at the regional level. They now play at the third level of Portugal's national football pyramid.

The biggest stadiums in the city are FC Porto's [[Estádio do Dragão]] and Boavista's [[Estádio do Bessa]]. The first team in Porto to own a stadium was [[Académico F.C.|Académico]], who played in the ''Estádio do Lima'', Académico was one of the eight teams to dispute the first division. Salgueiros, sold the grounds of [[Estádio Engenheiro Vidal Pinheiro]] field to the [[Porto Metro]] and planned on building a new field in the ''Arca d'Água'' area of Porto. Located a few hundred metres away from the old grounds, it became impossible to build on this plot of land due to a large underground water pocket, and, consequently, they moved to the [[Estádio do Mar]] (owned by [[Leixões S.C.]]) in the neighboring [[Matosinhos]] municipality. For the [[UEFA Euro 2004|Euro 2004]] football competition, held in Portugal, the Estádio do Dragão was built (replacing the old [[Estádio das Antas]]) and the Estádio do Bessa was renovated.

===Basketball===
The [[FC Porto (basketball)|FC Porto's basketball team]] plays its home games at the [[Dragão Caixa]]. Its squad won the second most championships in the history of [[Liga Portuguesa de Basquetebol|Portugal's 1st Division]]. Traditionally, the club provides the [[Portuguese national basketball team]] with numerous key players.<ref>[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/team/p/sid/9318/tid/348/_/2015_EuroBasket/index.html Portugal|2015 EuroBasket] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228210708/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/team/p/sid/9318/tid/348/_/2015_EuroBasket/index.html |date=28 December 2019 }}, archive.fiba.com. Retrieved 19 June 2016.</ref>

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Portugal}}
Porto is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |author=Ana Soraia Pereira Vasconcelos Freitas |title=Relatório de Estágio: Divisão Municipal de Relações Internacionais e Protocolo – Câmara Municipal do Porto |url=https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/bitstream/10216/106039/3/202825.1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311060148/https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/bitstream/10216/106039/3/202825.1.pdf |archive-date=11 March 2022 |url-status=live |website=repositorio-aberto.up.pt |publisher=Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto |pages=27–28 |language=pt |date=July 2017 |access-date=29 June 2022 }}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Liège]], Belgium (1977)
*{{flagicon|ZMB}} [[Ndola]], Zambia (1978)
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Nagasaki]], Japan (1978)
*{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Recife]], Brazil (1981)
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Jena]], Germany (1984)
*{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Bristol]], England, UK (1984)
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Vigo]], Spain (1986)
*{{flagicon|MOZ}} [[Beira, Mozambique|Beira]], Mozambique (1989)
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Bordeaux]], France (1990)
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Duruelo de la Sierra]], Spain (1989)
*{{flagicon|CPV}} [[São Vicente, Cape Verde|São Vicente]], Cape Verde (1993)
*{{flagicon|STP}} [[Lembá District|Lembá]], São Tomé and Príncipe (1994)
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Shanghai]], China (1995)
*{{flagicon|MAC}} [[Macau]], China (1997)
*{{flagicon|AGO}} [[Luanda]], Angola (1999)
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[León, Spain|León]], Spain (2001)
*{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Santos, São Paulo|Santos]], Brazil (2015)
*{{flagicon|GUA}} [[Guatemala city]], Guatemala (2015)
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Shenzhen]], China (2016)
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Marsala]], Italy (2016)
*{{flagicon|ROU}} [[Timișoara]], Romania (2018)<ref>{{cite web |title=Raportul de activitate pentru anul 2018: 5.1.1 Cooperarea cu oraşele înfrăţite şi partenere |url=https://primariatm.ro/file_uploads/raport_primar_2018/RAPORT_VICEPRIMAR_DAN_DIACONU_2018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019092405/https://www.primariatm.ro/file_uploads/raport_primar_2018/RAPORT_VICEPRIMAR_DAN_DIACONU_2018.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2021 |url-status=live |website=primariatm.ro |publisher=Timișoara |pages=33–34 |language=ro |date=2019 |access-date=29 June 2022 }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IRN}} [[Isfahan]], Iran (2021)<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2021 |title=Isfahan, Samarkand become sister cities |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/462699/Isfahan-Samarkand-become-sister-cities |access-date=12 August 2024 |website=Tehran Times |language=en |archive-date=20 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920054258/https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/462699/Isfahan-Samarkand-become-sister-cities |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==Notable people==
[[File:Pr Infante D Henrique 2 (Porto).JPG|thumb|140px|Monument to Prince Henry the Navigator]]
[[File:Duarte-coelho-pereira-2-10-03-1534.jpg|thumb|140px|Duarte Coelho]]
[[File:Silva Porto.jpg|thumb|140px|Statue of António da Silva Oporto in Angola]]

=== Explorers and public service ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Prince Henry the Navigator]] (1394–1460), responsible for the early development of European exploration and maritime trade with other continents.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Henry of Portugal |volume= 13 |last= Beazley |first= Charles Raymond |author-link= Charles Raymond Beazley |pages = 296–297 |short= 1 }}</ref>
*[[Afonso Gonçalves Baldaia]] (1415–1481), nautical explorer
*[[Pero Vaz de Caminha]] (1450–1500), wrote the letter ''[[Carta de Pêro Vaz de Caminha|Carta do Achamento do Brasil]]'', announcing the discovery of Brazil
*[[Ferdinand Magellan]] ({{circa|1480}}–1521), the globe circumnavigation navigator; lived and studied in Porto<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Magellan, Ferdinand |volume= 17 |last= Beazley |first= Charles Raymond |author-link= Charles Raymond Beazley |pages = 302–304 |short= 1 }}</ref>
*[[Estêvão Gomes]] ({{circa|1483}}–1538), cartographer and explorer
*[[Duarte Coelho]] ({{circa|1485}}–1554), nobleman, military leader, colonial administrator and founder of [[Olinda]] in Brazil
*[[Brás Cubas]] (1507–1589), explorer, colonial administrator and founder of [[Santos, São Paulo|Santos]] in Brazil
*[[Inácio de Azevedo]] (1526–1570), Jesuit missionary
*[[Cormac MacCarthy Reagh]] (b.1770), Irish prince and only surviving male-line issue of the last Chief of the Name MacCarthy Reagh, Finghin of Benduff. 
*[[Sir John Croft, 1st Baronet]] (1778–1862), English diplomat and spy for Wellington against Napoleon
*[[António Pinto Soares]] (1780–1865), [[List of presidents of Costa Rica|Head of State of Costa Rica]] in 1842
*Sir [[William Warre]] (1784–1853), English officer of the British Army
*[[Charles Albert of Sardinia]] (1798–1849), Italian monarch; died here<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Charles Albert |volume= 5 |pages = 938–939 |short= 1 }}</ref>
*[[António da Silva Porto]] (1817–1890), trader and explorer in Angola
*[[Venceslau de Lima]] (1858–1919), geologist, paleontologist, viticulturist and politician, the [[Prime Minister of Portugal]] in 1909
*[[Mary of the Divine Heart]] (1863–1899), countess [[Droste zu Vischering]] and Mother Superior of the Good Shepherd Sisters Convent; died here
*[[António Ferreira Gomes]] (1906–1989), Roman Catholic [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Porto, Portugal|bishop of Porto]]
*[[Kaúlza de Arriaga]] (1915–2004), [[Portuguese Army|Army]] general, writer, professor and politician
*[[Maria de Lourdes Belchior Pontes]] (1923–1998), writer, poet, [[University of Porto|professor]] and diplomat
*[[Francisco de Sá Carneiro]] (1934–1980), politician, [[Prime Minister of Portugal]] in 1980
*[[Manuel Clemente]] (born 1948), [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal]] of the Catholic Church, the Metropolitan [[Patriarch of Lisbon]] since 2013 and [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Porto, Portugal|bishop of Porto]] in 2007–2013
*[[José Pacheco Pereira]] (born 1949), politician, professor and political analyst
*[[Alexandre Quintanilha]] (born 1945), scientist and Member of Parliament, lives in Porto
*[[Rui Moreira (politician)|Rui Moreira]] (born 1956), businessman and politician, Mayor of Porto
*[[Augusto Santos Silva]] (born 1956), sociologist, academic, politician and [[Ministers of Foreign Affairs (Portugal)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
*[[Rui Rio]] (born 1957), politician, Mayor of Porto 2002–2013
*[[Diogo Vasconcelos]] (1968–2011), politician and social innovator
{{div col end}}

=== Arts and sciences ===
[[File:Estatua Julio Dinis (Porto).JPG|thumb|140px|Statue of Júlio Dinis]]
[[File:Jardim Botanico do Porto-Sophia.JPG|thumb|140px|Statue of Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen]]
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Pedro de Escobar]] ({{circa|1465}} – after 1535), Renaissance composer of [[polyphony]]
*[[Daniel de Fonseca]] (1672 – {{circa|1740}}), Jewish court physician
*[[Tomás António Gonzaga]] (1744 – {{circa|1810}}), Brazilian poet
*[[Vieira Portuense]] (1765–1805), painter and pioneer of [[Neoclassicism]]
*[[Almeida Garrett]] (1799–1854), writer, theatre director and liberalist
*[[Maria Peregrina de Souza]] (1809–1894), novelist, poet and folklorist
*[[Júlio Dinis]] (1839–1871), doctor and poet, playwright and novelist
*[[Arthur Napoleão dos Santos]] (1843–1925), composer and pianist
*[[Annibal Napoleão]] (1845–1880), composer and pianist
*[[Alfredo Napoleão]] (1852–1917), composer and pianist
*[[Artur Loureiro]] (1853–1932), painter, lived and worked in Porto
*[[António Nobre]] (1867–1900), poet, published [[Só (poetry collection)|Só]] in 1892, a collection of poems
*[[Abigail de Paiva Cruz]] (1883–1944), naturalist painter, sculptor and feminist activist
*[[Guilhermina Suggia]] (1885–1950), cellist, lived and worked in the UK for many years
*[[Armando de Basto]] (1889–1923), painter, illustrator, sculptor and decorator
*[[Aurora Teixeira de Castro]] (1891–1931), feminist, notary and playwright
*[[Corino Andrade]] (1906–2005), neurologist, born in Porto
*[[Manoel de Oliveira]] (1908–2015), film director and screenwriter
*[[Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen]] (1919–2004), poet and writer
*[[Ana Hatherly]] (1929–2015), poet, visual artist, essayist, film maker, painter and writer
*[[Álvaro Siza Vieira]] (born 1933), architect and [[architectural educator]]
*[[Maria Antónia Siza]] (1940–1973), artist
*[[Alexandre Quintanilha]] (born 1945), scientist, academic and politician
*[[Sérgio Godinho]] (born 1945), singer-songwriter, composer, actor, poet and author
*[[Armando J. L. Pombeiro|Armando Pombeiro]] (born 1949), chemical engineer
*[[Miguel Sousa Tavares]] (born 1952), lawyer, journalist and writer
*[[Eduardo Souto de Moura]] (born 1952), architect and academic
*[[Rui Reininho]] (born 1955), singer, lead vocalist of rock band [[GNR (band)|GNR]]
*[[Jorge Chaminé]] (born 1956), operatic baritone
*[[Richard Zimler]] (born 1956), novelist, lives and works in Porto
*[[Pedro Abrunhosa]] (born 1960), singer-songwriter, musician and composer
*[[J. K. Rowling]] (born 1965), writer who taught English as a foreign language in Porto and lived there in 1991–1993
*[[Armindo Freitas-Magalhães]] (born 1966), psychologist and scientist
*[[Mónica de Miranda]] (born 1976), visual artist, photographer, filmmaker, and researcher
*[[Abel Pereira (musician)|Abel Pereira]] (born 1978), classical horn player
*[[Luciana Abreu]] (born 1985), singer, actress and television host
*[[Sara Sampaio]] (born 1991), supermodel
*[[Cláudia Pascoal]] (born 1994), musician
{{div col end}}

===Business===
*[[Charles Augustus Howell]] (1840–1890), art dealer and alleged [[Blackmail]]er
*[[Fernando Van Zeller Guedes]] (1903–1987), co-founded [[Sogrape]], the inspiration behind [[Mateus (wine)|Mateus]] [[rosé]]
*[[Belmiro de Azevedo]] (1938–2017), entrepreneur, industrialist, founder of [[Sonae]]
*[[Paulo de Azevedo]] (born 1965), businessman, son and successor of [[Belmiro de Azevedo]]
*[[José Neves]] (born 1974), billionaire entrepreneur and the founder of [[Farfetch]]

=== Sport ===
[[File:Rosa Mota na Exponor.JPG|thumb|140px|Rosa Mota, 2012]]
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Jorge Nuno Pinto da Costa]] (1937-2025), president of [[FC Porto]]
*[[Humberto Coelho]] (born 1950), footballer
*[[Fernando Gomes (Portuguese footballer)|Fernando Gomes]] (born 1956), footballer
*[[Rosa Mota]] (born 1958), marathon runner, Olympic winner
*[[Nuno Marques]] (born 1970), tennis player
*[[Jorge Costa]] (born 1971), football player and manager
*[[João Pinto]] (born 1971), footballer
*[[Miguel Ramos]] (born 1971), racing driver
*[[Ricardo Sá Pinto]] (born 1972), football player and manager
*[[Tiago Monteiro]] (born 1976), racing driver
*[[Petit (Portuguese footballer)|Petit]] (born 1976), football player and manager
*[[André Villas-Boas]] (born 1977), football manager
*[[Bruno Alves]] (born 1981), footballer
*[[Raul Meireles]] (born 1983), footballer
*[[Diogo Leite (footballer, born 1989)|Diogo Leite]] (born 1989), footballer
*[[João Mário (footballer, born January 1993)|João Mário]] (born 1993), footballer
*[[Diogo Jota]] (born 1996), footballer
{{div col end}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Oporto |volume= 20 |pages = 137–139 }}
* Francis, A. D., "John Methuen and the Anglo-Portuguese Treaties of 1703". ''The Historical Journal'', Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 103-124 (1960).
* Glover, Michael, ''The Peninsular War 1807–1814''. Penguin, 1974.
* [[Neill Lochery|Lochery, Neill]], ''Porto: Gateway to the World''. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020.
* {{Citation |publisher=Adam & Charles Black |location=Edinburgh |editor=John Lomas |title=O'Shea's Guide to Spain and Portugal |date=1889 |edition=8th |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/osheasguidetospa00osherich#page/550/mode/2up |chapter=Porto |access-date=10 February 2016}}
* Loyrette, Henri. ''Gustave Eiffel''. New York: Rizzoli, 1985 {{ISBN|0 8478 0631 6}}
* {{Citation |publisher=John Murray |location=London |edition=2nd |title=A Handbook for Travellers in Portugal |date=1856 |oclc=34745440 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/ahandbookfortra06murrgoog#page/n199/mode/2up |chapter=Porto |access-date=10 February 2016 |ol=20483833M}}
* Redacção Quidnovi, com coordenação de [[José Hermano Saraiva]], ''História de Portugal, Dicionário de Personalidades'', Volume VIII, ed. QN-Edição e Conteúdos, S.A., 2004.
* Smith, Digby, ''The Napoleonic Wars Data Book''. Greenhill, 1998.

==External links==
*[http://www.ccdr-n.pt/ Coordination and Development Committee of the North Region]
*[http://www.amp.pt/ Metropolitan Area of Porto]
*[http://www.portoenorte.pt/ Tourism of Porto and Norte Region, Portugal]

{{Porto}}
{{Municipalities of Porto}}
{{Parishes of Porto}}
{{PortoMA}}
{{European Capital of Culture}}
{{World Heritage Sites in Portugal}}
{{Subject bar|Portugal|auto=1}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Porto| ]]<!--leave the empty space as standard-->
[[Category:Cities in Portugal]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Portugal]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Porto District]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Norte Region, Portugal| ]]
[[Category:Cities of Norte Region, Portugal| ]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Portugal]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in Portugal]]
[[Category:Populated places in Porto District]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 3rd century BC]]