Editing Portability (social security)

The '''portability of social security benefits''' is the ability of workers to preserve, maintain, and transfer acquired [[social security]] rights and social security rights in the process of being acquired  from one private, occupational, or public social security scheme to another.<ref>*Cruz, Armando (2004). "Portability of benefits rights in response to external and internal labor mobility: the Philippine experience". Paper presented at the International Social Security Association (ISSA), Thirteenth Regional Conference for Asia and the Pacific in Kuwait, March 8–10. Available at http://www.issa.int/pdf/kuwait04/2cruz.pdf.</ref> Social security rights refer to rights stemming from [[Pension fund|pension schemes]] (old age, survivor, [[Disability insurance|disability]]), [[Unemployment benefits|unemployment insurance]], [[health insurance]], workers' compensation, and sickness benefits. 

Hence, if social security benefits are portable, contributors to, for example, old-age pension schemes do not experience any disadvantage such as the loss of contributions and benefits associated with these contributions when moving from one job to another, from one occupation to another, or from the [[Public sector|public]] to the [[private sector]] or vice versa.

International portability of social security rights allows international [[Migrant worker|migrants]], who have contributed to a social security scheme for some time in a particular country, to maintain acquired benefits or benefits in the process of being acquired when moving to another country.<ref>Holzmann, Robert, Johannes Koettl, and Taras Chernetsky (2005). "Portability regimes of pension and health care benefits for international migrants: an analysis of issues and good practices". Social Protection Discussion Paper 0519. Washington, DC: World Bank. Available at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOCIALPROTECTION/Resources/SP-Discussion-papers/Pensions-DP/0519.pdf.</ref> International portability of social security benefits is therefore understood as the migrant's ability to preserve, maintain, and transfer acquired social security rights independent of nationality and country of residence.

International portability of social security benefits is achieved through [[bilateralism|bilateral]] or [[Multilateralism|multilateral]] social security agreements between countries. These agreements guarantee the totalization of periods of contribution to the social security systems of both countries and the extraterritorial payment of benefits. Currently it is estimated that approximately 23 per cent of migrants worldwide are covered by bilateral social security agreements.<ref>Avato, J., J. Koettl and R. Sabates-Wheeler. 2010. Social Security Regimes, Global Estimates, and Good Practices: The Status of Social Protection for International Migrants, World Development Vol 38, No. 4: 455-466.</ref>

== References ==
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[[Category:Social security in the United States]]