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{{Short description|Mid-engine sports car (1969–1976)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}} {{Infobox automobile | image = Porsche 914 (1970) - 9579225634.jpg | name = Porsche 914 | caption = 1970 Porsche 914 | manufacturer = {{ubl|[[Porsche]] (Type 914/6) |[[Karmann]] (Type 914/4)}} | aka = VW-Porsche 914 | production = {{ubl|1969–1976|118,978 produced<ref name="da-vol4"/>|914/4: 115,646|914/6: 3,332|914/8: 2<ref name="bat-may2018"/>}} | assembly = {{ubl |West Germany: [[Stuttgart]], [[Zuffenhausen]] |West Germany: [[Osnabrück]] (VW-Porsche)}} | predecessor = {{ubl|[[Porsche 912]]|[[Volkswagen Karmann Ghia#Type 34 Karmann Ghia|Volkswagen Type 34 Karmann Ghia]]}} | successor = [[Porsche 924]] | class = [[Sports car]] | body_style = 2-door [[Targa top|targa]] | layout = [[Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive]] | platform = | engine = {{ubl|1.7 L Volkswagen ''[[Volkswagen air-cooled engine#Type 4: 1.7–2.0 litres|Type 4]]'' [[Flat-four engine|F4]]|1.8 L Volkswagen ''[[Volkswagen air-cooled engine#Type 4: 1.7–2.0 litres|Type 4]]'' F4|2.0 L Volkswagen ''[[Volkswagen air-cooled engine#Type 4: 1.7–2.0 litres|Type 4]]'' F4|2.0 L ''[[Porsche flat-six engine|Type 901/36]]'' [[Flat-six engine|F6]] (914/6)}} | transmission = | wheelbase = {{cvt|2450|mm|in|1}} | length = {{cvt|3985|mm|in|1}} | width = {{cvt|1650|mm|in|1}} | height = {{cvt|1230|mm|in|1}} | weight = {{cvt|940|-|995|kg|lb}} | related = {{ubl|[[Porsche 914-6 GT]]|[[Porsche Tapiro]]}} | designer = [[Ferdinand Alexander Porsche]], Heinrich Klie }} The '''Porsche 914''' or '''VW-Porsche 914''' is a [[Mid-engine design|mid-engined]] [[sports car]] designed, manufactured and marketed collaboratively by [[Volkswagen]] and [[Porsche]] from 1969 until 1976. It was only available as a [[targa top|targa-topped]] two-seat [[Roadster (automobile)|roadster]] powered by either a [[Volkswagen air-cooled engine#Type 4: 1.7–2.0 litres|flat-4]] or [[flat-six engine]]. == History == === Pre-development === [[File:Porsche 914 and VW Type 34 Karmann Ghia.jpg|thumb|Porsche 914 at right and the car it replaced at the top of VW's line, the [[Volkswagen Karmann Ghia#Type 34 Karmann Ghia|Type 34 Karmann Ghia]], at left|left]] By the late 1960s, both [[Volkswagen]] and [[Porsche]] were in need of new models; Porsche was looking for a replacement for their entry-level [[Porsche 912|912]], and Volkswagen wanted a new range-topping [[Sports car|sports]] [[coupé]] to replace the [[Volkswagen Karmann Ghia#Type 34 Karmann Ghia|Volkswagen Type 34 Karmann Ghia]] coupé. At the time the majority of Volkswagen's development work was handled by Porsche as part of an agreement that dated back to Porsche's founding. Volkswagen needed to contract out one last project to Porsche to fulfill the contract, and decided to make the 914 that project. [[Ferdinand Piëch]], who was in charge of research and development at Porsche, was put in charge of the 914 project. In 1966 and 1967, German company Gugelot Design GmbH began showing a proposed design for a sports coupe built with technology developed in partnership with [[Bayer]] to several major car builders, including Volkswagen and Porsche. Some sources have suggested that the Gugelot proposal, suitably adapted, was the origin of the design of the 914.<ref name="ludvigsenbook"/>{{rp|555–557}} The rationale is that an outside design would be able to please both Volkswagen and Porsche without appearing too similar to either of the partners' existing products. Later sources have rejected this idea. While acknowledging that Porsche was aware of the Gugelot design, they assert that the 914 design was done in-house at Porsche, and is primarily the work of body engineer Heinrich Klie.<ref name="excellence-may2011"/>{{rp|95–98}}<ref name="mp-jan2018"/> ===Joint venture=== Originally intending to sell the vehicle with a [[flat-four engine|flat four-cylinder]] engine as a Volkswagen and with a [[flat-six engine|flat six-cylinder]] engine as a Porsche, Porsche decided during development that having Volkswagen and Porsche models sharing the same body would be risky for business in the American market, and convinced Volkswagen to allow them to sell both versions as Porsches in North America.<ref name="jal-jul2018"/>[[File:Porsche 914, Cockpit (2016-05-01 Sp 3b).JPG|thumb|Porsche 914 dashboard]]On March 1, 1968, the first 914 prototype was presented. However, development became complicated after the death of Volkswagen's chairman, [[Heinrich Nordhoff]], on April 12, 1968. His successor, [[Kurt Lotz]], was not connected with the Porsche dynasty and the verbal agreement between Volkswagen and Porsche fell apart.<ref name="cms-jul2018" /> In Lotz's opinion, Volkswagen had all rights to the model, and no incentive to share it with Porsche if they would not share in tooling expenses. With this decision, the price and marketing concept for the 914 had failed before series production had begun. As a result, the price of the chassis went up considerably, and the 914/6 ended up costing only a bit less than the [[Porsche 911T|911T]], Porsche's next lowest priced car. The 914 was ''[[Motor Trend]]'''s [[Import Car of the Year]] for 1970.<ref name="mt-jun2006" /> Slow sales and rising costs prompted Porsche to discontinue the 914/6 variant in 1972 after producing 3,351 of them. Production of the 914 ended in 1976. The 2.0 L flat-4 engine continued to be used in the [[Porsche 912#912E (1976)|912E]], introduced that year as an entry-level model until the front-engined four-cylinder [[Porsche 924|924]] was introduced the following model year. The 914/4 became Porsche's top seller during its model run, outselling the Porsche 911 by a wide margin with over 118,000 units sold worldwide. == Features == [[File:1973 Porsche 914 1.7 in Silver, front left side.jpg|left|thumb|1973 Porsche 914 1.7 (US)]] Volkswagen versions originally featured the [[fuel injection|fuel-injected]] 1.7 L [[Volkswagen air-cooled engine#Type 4: 1.7–2.0 litres|VW Type 4]] [[flat-four engine]] producing {{cvt|80|bhp|kW PS|0}}. Porsche's 914/6 variant featured the 2.0 L air-cooled Type 901/3 flat-six engine from the 1967–1969 911T model. This was the least powerful flat-six in Porsche's lineup. This engine had revised pistons that reduced the compression ratio to 8.6:1.<ref name="ludvigsenbook"/>{{rp|448–449}} The cylinder barrels were entirely made of iron, in contrast to the iron and aluminum "Biral" barrels in the engines in the 911S and 911L. New camshafts had less lift, and relaxed timing characteristics. The venturis in the [[Weber Carburetors|Weber]] 40IDT3C carburetors were {{cvt|27|mm|in|1}}, smaller than the other 911 engines, and the exhaust pipe diameter was also reduced in size. Power output was {{cvt|110|bhp|kW PS|0}}. When the 911T got a 2.2 L engine in 1970, the engine in the 914/6 remained at 2.0 L.<ref name="ludvigsenbook"/>{{rp|561}} All engines were placed amidships in front of a version of the 1969 911's "901" gearbox configured for a [[mid-engine design|mid-engined]] [[sports car]].<ref name="porsche-9146"/> [[Karmann]] manufactured the rolling chassis at their plant, completing Volkswagen production in-house or delivering versions to Porsche for their final assembly.<ref name="pca-aug2017"/> The 914/6 models came with lower gear ratios and larger brakes to compensate for the greater weight and higher power output of the six-cylinder model. They also featured five-lug wheels and an ignition on the left side of the steering wheel.<ref name="porsche-9146"/> Suspension and handling were otherwise mostly the same. A Volkswagen-Porsche joint venture, [[Volkswagen of America]], handled export to the U.S., where both versions were badged and sold as Porsches. The four-cylinder cars were sold as Volkswagen-Porsches at European Volkswagen dealerships. For 1973 the discontinued 914/6 was replaced in the lineup by a variant powered by a new {{cvt|100|bhp|kW PS|0}} 2.0 L, fuel-injected version of Volkswagen's [[Volkswagen Type 4|Type 4]] engine. For 1974, the 1.7 L engine was replaced by an {{cvt|85|bhp|kW PS|0}} 1.8 L, and the new [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] [[Jetronic|L-Jetronic]] fuel injection system was added to American units to help with emissions control.<ref name="porsche-914"/> === Model year changes === [[File:Porsche 914-1.8 dutch licence registration 48-YB-74 pic1.JPG|thumb|A 914 1.8 with its headlights raised]] {{Unreferenced section|date=July 2018}} Over the seven model years, Porsche made a number of changes to the 914. Some of these changes were cosmetic and others were in response to changing crash protection standards. From 1970 to 1972, the 914 was offered with chrome or painted [[Bumper (car)|bumper]]s. In early 1970, rear bumpers were produced with a straight crease on either side of the [[license plate]] indent. Between 1970 and 1972, both front and rear bumpers were smooth without bumper guards. In 1973, bumper guards were added to the front of the car. In 1974, guards were also added to the rear bumper. In 1975 and 1976, the chrome or painted bumpers were replaced with heavy, rubber-covered units which actually made the cars more stable at high speeds. The [[headlight]] surrounds were white from the first 914s to mid-production of 1973 and subsequently black. Cars produced up to early 1972 had a fixed passenger seat and a removable passenger [[footrest]]. Later cars featured a movable passenger seat. Other interior differences included changing vinyl designs, gauge appearance, and air vent configurations in the dash. The most significant performance upgrade during the vehicle's lifespan was the introduction of [[anti-roll bar]]s, significantly improving the handling, and a change from the "tail shifter" to the "side shifter" [[gearbox]] for 1973 to 1976, improving the otherwise vague long linkage. ==Technical summaries== === Technical specifications of the standard versions === The Porsche 914 was produced from 1969 to 1976 in the following models: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! ! 914/4 1.7 S (Targa) ! 914/6 SC (Targa) ! 914 1.8 Base (Targa) ! 914 2.0 SC (Targa) |- ! Engine | [[Flat-four engine|Flat, four-cylinder]] [[Flat engine#Boxer engine|boxer engine]] | [[Flat-six engine|Flat, six-cylinder]] Type 901/3 boxer engine | Flat, four-cylinder boxer engine | Flat, four-cylinder boxer engine |- ! Induction | [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] [[Jetronic#D-Jetronic (1967–1979)|D-Jetronic]] [[Fuel injection]] | Two 3-barrel 40 mm [[Weber Carburetors]] | Bosch [[Jetronic#L-Jetronic (1974–1989)|L-Jetronic]] Fuel injection (European-spec Dual Carburettor) | Bosch D-Jetronic Fuel injection |- ! Displacement | {{cvt|1679|cc|cuin|1}} | {{cvt|1991|cc|cuin|1}} | {{cvt|1795|cc|cuin|1}} | {{cvt|1970|cc|cuin|1}} |- ! Bore x stroke | {{cvt|90|x|66|mm|disp=br()}} | {{cvt|80|x|66|mm|disp=br()}} | {{cvt|93|x|66|mm|disp=br()}} | {{cvt|94|x|71|mm|disp=br()}} |- ! Maximum power | {{cvt|59|kW|PS hp|0}} at 4900 rpm | {{cvt|81|kW|PS hp|0}} at 5800 rpm | {{cvt|63|kW|PS hp|0}} | {{cvt|74|kW|PS hp|0}} at 5000 rpm |- ! Maximum torque | {{cvt|136|Nm|lb.ft}} at 2700 rpm | {{cvt|160|Nm|0}} at 4200 rpm | {{cvt|138|Nm|lb.ft}} at 3400 rpm | {{cvt|160|Nm|0}} at 3500 rpm |- ! Compression ratio | 8.2:1 | 8.6:1 | 7.3:1 (European-spec 8.6:1) | 7.6:1 (European-spec 8.0:1) |- ! Valvetrain | Single [[cam-in-block]]. 2 [[Overhead valve engine|overhead valves]] per cylinder. | [[Overhead camshaft#Single overhead camshaft|Single overhead camshaft]] (one per cylinder head). 2 overhead valves per cylinder. | colspan="2" | Single cam-in-block. 2 overhead valves per cylinder. |- ! Cooling | colspan="4" | [[Air-cooled engine|Air cooling]] (fan) |- ! Transmission | 5-speed [[manual transmission]] | 5-speed manual transmission<br>4-speed [[semi-automatic transmission]] (''Sportomatic'') | colspan="2" | 5-speed manual transmission |- ! Front suspension | colspan="4" | [[MacPherson strut]]s and lower A-arms. Longitudinal torsion bars. |- ! Rear suspension | colspan="4" | [[Trailing-arm suspension#Semi-trailing arm|Semi-trailing arms]]. Coil springs over tubular shock absorbers. |- |- ! Body/chassis | colspan="4" | Steel [[Vehicle frame#Unibody|unibody]] |- ! Track width<br />(front/rear) | {{cvt|1337|/|1374|mm|disp=br()}} | colspan="3" | {{cvt|1361|/|1382|mm|disp=br()}} |- ! Wheelbase | colspan="4" | {{cvt|2450|mm|1|disp=br()}} |- ! Brakes<br>Front/rear | {{cvt|10.05|in|mm|0|order=flip}} disc / {{cvt|11.10|in|mm|0|order=flip}} disc | {{cvt|11.12|in|mm|0}} vented disc / {{cvt|11.25|in|mm|0}} disc | | |- ! Tires | 155 SR 15 | 165 HR 15 or 185 HR 14 | 165 SR 15 | 165 HR 15 |- ! Dimensions<br />(L x W x H) | {{cvt|3985|x|1650|x|1220|mm|disp=br()}} | {{cvt|3985|x|1650|x|1220|mm|disp=br()}} | colspan="2" | {{cvt|3985|x|1650|x|1230|mm|disp=br()}} |- ! Curb weight | {{cvt|940|kg|disp=br()|0}}{{efn|group=techspecs|name=review}} | {{cvt|985|kg|disp=br()}}{{efn|group=techspecs|name=review}} | colspan="2" | {{cvt|950|kg|disp=br()|0}} |- ! Maximum speed | {{cvt|186.5|kph|mph|disp=br()}} | {{cvt|207|kph|mph|disp=br()}}{{efn|group=techspecs|name=review}} | {{cvt|178|kph|mph|disp=br()}} | {{cvt|190|kph|0|disp=br()}} |- ! Acceleration<br />{{cvt|0|–|100|kph|mph|disp=br()}} | 13.3 s | 8.7 s{{efn|group=techspecs|name=review}} | 12.0 s | 10.5 s |} {{Notelist|group=techspecs|refs= {{efn|group=techspecs|name=review|Measurement of ''[[Auto Motor und Sport]]'' (reviews in issue 22/1969 8/1970)}} }} === 914 road car timeline === {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" class="toccolours" align="center" |- | colspan="52" | '''Porsche 914 model/power production timeline: 1968 to 1977''' |- style="background: #d0d0d0;" | rowspan="2" | '''Model''' | rowspan="2" | '''Power''' | colspan="2" style="width: 15%; text-align: center;" | 1960s | colspan="8" style="width: 15%; text-align: center;" | 1970s |- style="background: #d0d0d0; text-align: center;" | width=6%|8 || width=6%|9 | width=6%|0 || width=6%|1 || width=6%|2 || width=6%|3 || width=6%|4 | width=6%|5 || width=6%|6 || width=6%|7 |- |- style="background: #f0f0f0;" | 914/4 | {{cvt|59|kW|PS hp}} | colspan="1" | | colspan="4" style="background: #1EAC41;" | | colspan="5" | |- style="background: #f0f0f0;" | 914/6 | {{cvt|81|kW|PS hp}} | colspan="1" | | colspan="4" style="background: #1EAC41;" | | colspan="5" | |- style="background: #f0f0f0;" | 914 1.7 | {{cvt|59|kW|PS hp}} | colspan="5" | | style="background: #1EAC41;" | | colspan="4" | |- style="background: #f0f0f0;" | 914 1.8 | {{cvt|56|kW|PS hp}} (US)<br />{{cvt|63|kW|PS hp}} ({{abbr|RoW|Rest of World}}) | colspan="6" | | colspan="2" style="background: #1EAC41;" | | colspan="2" | |- style="background: #f0f0f0;" | 914 2.0 | {{cvt|70|kW|PS hp}} (US)<br />{{cvt|74|kW|PS hp}} ({{abbr|RoW|Rest of World}}) | colspan="5" | | colspan="2" style="background: #1EAC41;" | | | colspan="2" | |- style="background: #f0f0f0;" | 914 2.0 ''(US only)'' | {{cvt|65|kW|PS hp}} | colspan="7" | | colspan="2" style="background: #1EAC41;" | | |} === Chassis numbers === {| cellspacing="3" cellpadding="3" class="toccolours" style="margin:auto;" |- | style="text-align:center;" colspan="4"|'''Porsche 914 chassis numbers from 1970 to 1976''' |- style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;" ||'''Year''' ||'''914/4''' ||'''914/6''' ||'''916''' |- |1970 |4702900001 – 4702913312 |9140430001 – 9140432668 |- |1971 |4712900001 – 4712916231 |9141430001 – 9141430443 |9141430195 |- |1972 |4722900001 – 4722921580 |9142430001 – 9142430260 |9142330011 – 9142330020 |- |1973 |4732900001 – 4732927660 |- |1974 |4742900001 – 4742921370 |- |1975 |4752900001 – 4752911368 |- |1976 |4762900001 – 4762904100 |} == Concept cars, prototypes, and factory specials == ===Porsche 914/6 GT, 914/6 R=== {{Main|Porsche 914-6 GT}} [[File:Porsche 914 6 GT 1970 (Volante) jm20580.jpg|thumb|[[Porsche 914-6 GT|Porsche 914/6 GT]]]] On 1 March 1970 the 914/6 was homologated by the [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]] (FIA) for Group 4, Special Grand Touring cars.<ref name="ludvigsenbook"/>{{rp|583–588}} That same month two cars were sent to the Targa Florio for testing, not as competitors. These were the first two 914/6 GT cars built. Externally the cars were distinguished by squared fender flares that were the full {{cvt|2|in|mm|0}} depth permitted by FIA rules. The chassis was reinforced with three welded plates on each side. For rally applications a stone guard protected the power-train and a stone shield did the same for the front of the car. The GT cars received stronger lower front A-arms, and anti-roll bars were fitted front and rear. Ground clearance was reduced to {{cvt|4|in|mm|0}}. Brakes front and rear were upgraded to the same components used on the racing 911S model. Fiberglass panels for the front and rear bumpers, front and rear deck lids, and left and right rocker panels replaced the original steel parts. The rear air intake grille was doubled in size. An inlet in the front bumper admitted air to a new supplementary oil cooler in the nose. The car's nose compartment was nearly filled by a {{cvt|100|L|usgal|1}} fuel tank. The car weighed {{cvt|1980|lb|kg|1}} ready to race. [[File:Paris - RM Sotheby’s 2018 - Porsche 914-6 GT - 1970 - 003.jpg|thumb|Porsche 914/6 GT rear view]] The engine remained at 2.0 litres displacement with [[Weber Carburetors|Weber Carburetor]] induction, but was extensively upgraded otherwise. New cylinder heads with larger valves topped aluminum cylinder barrels with chrome-plated bores. A dual-ignition system fired two spark plugs per cylinder. High compression pistons and forged steel piston rods were borrowed from the 911S. A special crankshaft was added. Camshafts and rocker arms came from the 901/20 in the Carrera 6. Power output was up to {{cvt|210|PS|kW hp|1}} at 8000 rpm. Although the factory campaigned the car in rallying, it was more successful in road racing. In the United States the Porsche+Audi distributor called the car the 914/6R.<ref name="adlerbook"/>{{rp|228–230}} ====M471, kits==== To qualify for SCCA homologation, 500 copies of a car had to be built. It is estimated that Porsche built fewer than 40 GTs with the full race engine.<ref name="excellence-strenger"/> To add to the total, an additional 11 cars were equipped with the Competition Option Group M471 package that included the GT's steel fender flares, rocker panels and nose piece as well as wheel spacers, a set of 6-inch wide Fuchs wheels, and 185/70VR15 tires, but did not include the enhanced engine from the GT. Similar appearance-only kits were also supplied to dealers, totaling about 400 units. Porsche's application for homologation was successful, but instead of being added to the C Production class, the SCCA put the 914/6 GT into the more competitive B Production class. ===914/8=== [[File:Porsche 914-8 in the Porsche-Museum (2009) IMG 2733.jpg|thumb|Porsche 914/8]] Two prototype 914s, dubbed ''914/8'' generally and called ''914/S'' by Porsche, were built during 1969.<ref name="porsche-50years"/>{{#tag:ref| A four-cylinder car called the 914S was offered in the United States for a short time. It was withdrawn at the request of the factory.<ref name="mt-1973"/>|group=lower-alpha}} An orange 914/8 was the first constructed, at the instigation of [[Ferdinand Piëch]] (then head of the racing department), to prove the concept. Powered by a {{cvt|350|hp|kW PS|0}} Type 908 [[Flat-eight engine|flat-eight]] racing engine, it was built using a surplus handbuilt 914 development prototype bodyshell, chassis No. 914111, and included many differences from the standard vehicle, such as quad headlamps.<ref name="long914book"/>{{rp|161, 162}} The second 914/8, a silver, road-registered car powered by a carburetted and detuned 908 race engine making {{cvt|300|hp|kW PS|0}}, was prepared as a gift to [[Ferry Porsche]] on his 60th birthday. Also based on a spare prototype shell (chassis No. 914006), it was much closer to the standard car in detail. By all accounts Ferry didn't like the car very much and it is now in the Porsche Museum. Neither car saw a racetrack except for the purposes of testing. The 914/8 was not considered for production as a regular model. ===Porsche Tapiro=== {{Main|Porsche Tapiro}} The Porsche Tapiro was a concept car designed by [[Giorgetto Giugiaro]]'s [[Italdesign Giugiaro|Italdesign]] studio and built on a 914/6 platform.<ref name="italdesigntapiro"/> The car had [[gullwing doors]] and two centrally-hinged covers over the rear engine and storage compartments. The Tapiro debuted at the [[Turin Auto Show#1970|1970 Turin Auto Show]]. Sold to Argentine composer [[Waldo de los Ríos]], the car was extensively damaged in a fire.<ref name="motor1tapiro"/> It was later bought by Italdesign. ===Goertz/Eurostyle 914/6R=== This car was a custom-bodied 914/6R that was first shown at the [[Turin Auto Show#1970|1970 Turin Auto Show]]. The design was done by Count [[Albrecht von Goertz]], and was built by the Turinese carrozzeria Eurostyle.<ref name="long914book"/>{{rp|162–168}} Goertz, who had also done the design for the [[BMW 507]] roadster, produced a body with a tapered nose and a roofline that extended straight back, ending with sloping sail panels that gave the car the appearance of a [[shooting-brake]].<ref name="cdw-914-6r"/> ===Gerber/Sbarro rotary 914=== In 1970 Swiss Industrialist Dr. Alfred Gerber contracted compatriot car designer Franco Sbarro to build a customized 914.<ref name="ludvigsenbook"/>{{rp|592}} Sbarro installed the 2-rotor Wankel engine and semi-automatic transaxle from Gerber's NSU Ro80 in the mid-engined Porsche. The transaxle's inboard disc brakes were retained, and special halfshafts and shift-linkage were fabricated. A radiator was installed in the nose of the car, with fans sourced from a Renault R16. The engine produced {{cvt|115|hp|kW|1}}, and in the 914 returned {{cvt|21|mpgus|L/100km|1}} while allowing the car to reach a top speed of {{cvt|190|kph|mph|1}}.<ref name="rotary-914"/> ===Heuliez Murène=== [[File:Porsche 914 Murene at Quail 2023.jpg|alt=Porsche 914/6 Murène by Heuliez|thumb|Porsche 914/6 Murène by Heuliez]] In 1969 designer Jacques Cooper drew an interpretation of the 914 that he presented to his employer, Brissonneau and Lotz.<ref name="hemmings-murene" /> The French company, a supplier of auto bodies and railcars, approved the project and obtained one of the first 914/6 models built, chassis 1300005, to serve as a basis for the redesigned car. Shortly after this Brissonneau encountered financial difficulties. Cooper, hoping to get the car into production, arranged, with Brissonneau's approval, for the [[Heuliez|Heuliez company]] to take on responsibility for development. A running prototype was completed in just two and one half months. The car was displayed at the 1970 [[Paris Auto Show]] on the Heuliez stand as the Heuliez Murène. It did not reach production. Heuliez bought the Murène from Brissonneau in 1971 for ₣24,250.<ref name="artcuriel" /> In 2012 the car was sold at auction for €42,889. ===Hispano Alemán Vizcaya=== Businessman Werner Bernhard Heiderich was the importer of Porsche for Spain. He established a company named [[Hispano Aleman|Hispano Alemán]] to build and sell customized cars.<ref name="banovsky"/> Heiderich contracted with [[Pietro Frua]] to produce a new body on a Porsche 914 platform.<ref name="frua1"/> The car, named the Vizcaya, was first shown at the [[Geneva Motor Show#1971|1971 Geneva Motor Show]]. Swiss authorities seized the car owing to a dispute over it between Heiderich and Frua. Heiderich eventually prevailed, and the car next appeared at the 1972 [[Automobile Barcelona|Barcelona Motor Show]]. The Vizcaya did not go into production. === Porsche 916 === [[File:Porsche 916 vl TCE.jpg|thumb|Porsche 916]] Planned for the 1972 model year, the Porsche 916 program was cancelled after eleven prototypes were built. The car came with aerodynamic front and rear bumpers and either the 2.4 L engine from the 911S, or the 2.7 L from the [[Porsche 911#911 Carrera RS (1973 and 1974)|Carrera]]. It was also to have a fixed steel roof, wider wheels, double grilled engine lid, and flared fenders as styled from the [[Porsche 914-6 GT|914-6 GT]] cars.<ref name="porscheclub-914"/> Ventilated disc brakes were fitted to all four wheels. The 916 also used a "mid-engined" version of the then-new 915 transmission, giving a conventional shift pattern with one to four in an H and fifth out on a limb. One 916 was built to US specs and on delivery to the US was fitted with air conditioning by the dealer (Brumos) and has been housed at the Automobile Atlanta 914 museum since 1990. ===Nordstadt Carrera Käfer (Nordstadt Carrera Beetle)=== Günter Artz was director of the Hannover Volkswagen dealer Autohaus Nordstadt. In 1973 Artz and Nordstadt unveiled a custom car called the Carrera Käfer that mounted a modified [[Volkswagen Beetle]] 1303 body on a Porsche 914/6 chassis. The engine was upgraded to a {{cvt|2.7|L|cuin|0}} flat-six from a Porsche 911 Carrera that produced {{cvt|210|PS|kW hp|1}}.<ref name="ams-kafer"/> ===GM XP-897GT=== First shown in 1973, [[General Motors]] (GM) built the Corvette XP-897GT concept car to showcase their rotary engine technology. Lacking a suitable mid-engined platform, GM bought a 914/6 and shortened the wheelbase by {{cvt|6.5|in|mm|0}}. The body was designed in-house by GM and built by [[Pininfarina]] in Italy. A GM two-rotor [[Wankel engine]] powered the car through a new transaxle. The engine displaced {{cvt|266|cuin|cc|0}} and produced {{cvt|180|hp|kW|1}}. When the rotary engine project was cancelled, GM stored the car at the Vauxhall Design Centre in England. The car was rescued from the crusher by an English enthusiast, who also managed to obtain an original GM rotary engine. The car was scheduled to appear at [[Amelia Island Concours d'Elegance|Amelia Island]] in 2019.<ref name="hemmings-xp897"/><ref name="gma-xp897"/> === 914 Limited Edition === [[File:Bumblebee 914LE.jpg|thumb|"Bumblebee" (black) 914 LE]] In 1974, Porsche produced a series of Limited Edition cars for the North American market to commemorate Porsche's victories in the Can Am racing series. They were equipped with individual color schemes and came standard with otherwise optional equipment. The factory is said to have produced about 1,000 of these vehicles, about 50% Bumblebee and 50% Creamsicle. Variants of this series were manufactured and distributed in very limited numbers to European markets and Japan.{{Citation needed|date=August 2018}} Along with the regular Appearance Group option (fog lamps and center console with clock and additional gauges) at $300, the LE package set buyers back another $320. All Limited Editions models came with the 2.0 L (1,971 cc) flat four engine, which was otherwise optional in the standard 914, that produced 91 hp in U.S. trim.<ref name="hemmings-le"/> The Creamsicle: With a cream color exterior (paint code U2V9), these cars sported Phoenix red trim, including color matched lower valences and bumpers.<ref name="bat-le"/> This light [[ivory (color)|ivory]] color scheme concept carried over from the 1973 911 Carrera RS series. The Bumblebee: Featuring a [[black]] exterior (paint code L041), these cars sported a Sunflower yellow trim (paint code L13K). Black body paint color was always an additional cost special option on standard 914 Porsche cars, but was included as a standard component on the black 914 LE cars. Like the Creamsicle All but one photo of the 914 Porsche Can Am prototype cars are Bumblebee cars. The black-based 914 LE color scheme is specific to the 914 LE cars and has no precedent with the Can Am race cars or the 1973 911 Carrera RS series cars. The majority of 914 Limited Editions seem to be Bumblebees.<ref name="bowlsby-le"/> All 914 LE cars featured a specially designed front spoiler and negative side stripes. Additionally, all Limited Editions were equipped with front and rear anti-roll bars, dual horns, leather covered steering wheel, driving lights, painted rear [[roll cage|roll bar]] trim (as opposed to vinyl clad), [[Mahle GmbH|Mahle]] cast aluminum wheels and a center console with an oil temperature gauge, clock, and [[voltmeter]].<ref name="bonhams-bb"/> ===Other=== A factory prototype 914/6, (chassis no. 914114), surfaced in the US in 2001. Together with a surviving prototype Sportomatic 914/6 (chassis No. 914120), reputedly in Southern Germany, they are a special part of Porsche history. ==Motorsport== A [[Porsche 914-6 GT|914/6 GT]] driven by Frenchmen [[Claude Ballot-Léna]] and [[Guy Chasseuil]] won the GTS class and finished sixth overall at the [[1970 24 Hours of Le Mans]].<ref name="lemans-1970"/> [[Brian Redman]] used a 914/6 to scout the course in practice runs for the [[1970 Targa Florio]]. ===F1 safety car=== The Porsche 914 is renowned for having been [[Formula One]]'s first [[Safety car#History|safety car]] following its deployment at the [[1973 Canadian Grand Prix]] to help manage the race, which had seen various incidents due to treacherous weather conditions.<ref name="f1-safety"/> ==Notes== {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} == References == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="da-vol4">{{cite book |title=Deutsche Autos 1945–1990, vol.4 |last=Oswald |first=Werner |year=2001 |publisher=Motorbuch Verlag |location=Stuttgart |isbn=3-613-02131-5 |page=362}}</ref> <ref name="bat-may2018">{{cite web |url=http://bringatrailer.com/2018/05/04/unobtanium-ferdinand-piechs-flat-eight-porsche-914-8/ |title=Unobtanium: Ferdinand Piëch’s Flat Eight Porsche 914/8 |author=Bring-a-Trailer |date=4 May 2018 |access-date=2018-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506174151/https://bringatrailer.com/2018/05/04/unobtanium-ferdinand-piechs-flat-eight-porsche-914-8/ |archive-date=6 May 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="ludvigsenbook">{{cite book |last=Ludvigsen |first=Karl |date=1977 |title=Porsche Excellence was Expected |publisher=Princeton Publishing |isbn=0-915038-09-9 }}</ref> <ref name="excellence-may2011">{{cite magazine |last=Fennelly |first=Kieron |date=May 2011 |title=Who Really Styled the 914? |url=http://cms.porsche-clubs.com/PorscheClubs/pc_914-6/pc_main.nsf/0/2EC7AE6842EC2498C1257C690074591A/$File/914%20Artikel%20aus%20excellence%2005-2011%20-%20Who%20really%20styled%20the%20914.pdf |magazine=Excellence |publisher=Ross Periodicals }}</ref> <ref name="mp-jan2018">{{cite magazine |last=Sorensen |first=Jim |date=January 2018 |title=On the Mark – A Historical Perspective |url=http://amrporsche.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/MP-Jan18-web.pdf |magazine=Mountain Passages |page=14 |publisher=Alpine Mountain Region, Porsche Club of America, Inc. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531155042/http://amrporsche.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/MP-Jan18-web.pdf |archive-date=2019-05-31 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="jal-jul2018">{{Cite news|url=https://jalopnik.com/5926020/the-porsche-914-a-history|title=The Porsche 914: A History|last=George|first=Patrick|work=Jalopnik|date=14 July 2012|access-date=2018-07-16|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716223932/https://jalopnik.com/5926020/the-porsche-914-a-history|archive-date=16 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="cms-jul2018">{{Cite web|date=14 January 2009|last=Suddard|first=Tim|url=https://classicmotorsports.com/articles/porsche-914/|title=Porsche 914 {{!}} Articles {{!}}|website=classicmotorsports.com|access-date=2018-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716194639/https://classicmotorsports.com/articles/porsche-914/|archive-date=16 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="porsche-9146">{{Cite web|url=https://www.porsche.com/usa/accessoriesandservices/classic/models/914/914-6/|title=Porsche 914/6|website=Porsche USA|access-date=2018-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716194719/https://www.porsche.com/usa/accessoriesandservices/classic/models/914/914-6/|archive-date=2018-07-16|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="pca-aug2017">{{Cite web|date=16 August 2017|last=Mayo|first=Ed|url=https://www.pca.org/news/2017-08-16/model-guide-914-the-vw-porsche|title=Model Guide: 914 — The VW-Porsche {{!}} Porsche Club of America|website=www.pca.org|language=en|access-date=2018-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716194824/https://www.pca.org/news/2017-08-16/model-guide-914-the-vw-porsche|archive-date=16 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="porsche-914">{{Cite web|url=https://www.porsche.com/usa/accessoriesandservices/classic/models/914/914/|title=Porsche 914|website=Porsche USA|access-date=2018-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716194806/https://www.porsche.com/usa/accessoriesandservices/classic/models/914/914/|archive-date=2018-07-16|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="mt-jun2006">{{cite magazine | url=http://www.motortrend.com/classic/features/c12_0601_1970_porsche_914/index.html | title=1970 Porsche 914 – ''Motor Trend'' Import Car of the Year| date=20 June 2006 |magazine=[[Motor Trend]]| access-date=2007-03-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100307023957/http://www.motortrend.com/classic/features/c12_0601_1970_porsche_914/index.html | archive-date=7 March 2010 | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="adlerbook">{{cite book |last=Adler |first=Dennis |date=15 September 2016 |title=Porsche: The Classic Era |publisher=Motorbooks |isbn=978-0760351901 }}</ref> <ref name="excellence-strenger">{{cite web |url=https://www.excellence-mag.com/issues/184/articles/the-strenger-six |title=The Strenger Six |date=May 20, 2010 |last=Chapman |first=Bob |website=www.excellence-mag.com |access-date=June 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606002339/https://www.excellence-mag.com/issues/184/articles/the-strenger-six |archive-date=June 6, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="porsche-50years">{{cite web |url=https://www.porsche.com/usa/aboutporsche/pressreleases/pag/?lang=none&pool=international-de&id=539166 |title=50 Years of the Porsche 914 |date=20 May 2019 |website=www.porsche.com}}</ref> <ref name="long914book">{{cite book |last=Long |first=Brian |date=10 May 2006 |title=Porsche 914 & 914-6: The Definitive History of the Road & Competition Cars |publisher=Veloce Publishing |isbn=978-1845840143 }}</ref> <ref name="italdesigntapiro">{{cite web |url=https://www.italdesign.it/project/tapiro/ |title=Project: Tapiro – 1970|website=www.italdesign.it |access-date=2019-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530152210/https://www.italdesign.it/project/tapiro/ |archive-date=2019-05-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="motor1tapiro">{{cite web|url=https://www.motor1.com/news/181727/concept-we-forgot-porsche-tapiro/|title=1970 Porsche Tapiro: Concept We Forgot|work=Motor1.com|date=27 September 2017|last=Padeanu|first=Adrian|access-date=30 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530152207/https://www.motor1.com/news/181727/concept-we-forgot-porsche-tapiro/|archive-date=30 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="cdw-914-6r">{{cite web |url=https://www.classicdriver.com/en/article/cars/why-was-914-goertz-prototype-shelved |title=Why was this 914 Goertz prototype shelved? |date=9 March 2018 |last=de Burton |first=Simon |website=www.classicdriver.com |access-date=30 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530161144/https://www.classicdriver.com/en/article/cars/why-was-914-goertz-prototype-shelved |archive-date=30 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="rotary-914">{{cite web |url=https://www.zwischengas.com/de/blog/2012/02/02/Der-Porsche-914-Wankel-Sportwagen-Einzelanfertigung-von-1971-mit-Potential.html |title=Der Porsche 914 Wankel-Sportwagen – Einzelanfertigung von 1971 mit Potential |trans-title=The Porsche 914 Wankel sports car – one-off production from 1971 with potential |last=von Rotz |first=Bruno |language=de |date=2 February 2012 |website=www.zwischengas.com |access-date=4 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603234739/https://www.zwischengas.com/de/blog/2012/02/02/Der-Porsche-914-Wankel-Sportwagen-Einzelanfertigung-von-1971-mit-Potential.html |archive-date=3 June 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="hemmings-murene">{{cite web |url=https://www.hemmings.com/blog/2018/05/01/under-heuliezs-murene-lies-one-of-the-first-914s-behind-it-the-demise-of-one-coachbuilder-and-the-rise-of-another/ |title=Under Heuliez’s Murene lies one of the first 914s; behind it, the demise of one coachbuilder and the rise of another |date=1 May 2018 |last=Strohl |first=Daniel |website=www.hemmings.com |access-date=30 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530230506/https://www.hemmings.com/blog/2018/05/01/under-heuliezs-murene-lies-one-of-the-first-914s-behind-it-the-demise-of-one-coachbuilder-and-the-rise-of-another/ |archive-date=30 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="artcuriel">{{cite web |url=https://www.artcurial.com/en/lot-1969-porsche-914-6-murene-no-reserve-2138-213 |title=Lot 213 – 1969 Porsche 914-6 Murene |website=www.artcurial.com |access-date=2019-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530230505/https://www.artcurial.com/en/lot-1969-porsche-914-6-murene-no-reserve-2138-213 |archive-date=2019-05-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="banovsky">{{cite web |url=https://banovsky.kinja.com/hispano-aleman-vizcaya-the-german-spanish-italian-cana-1572908237 |title=Hispano Alemán Vizcaya: The German-Spanish-Italian-Canadian Porsche 914/6 |date=7 May 2014 |last=Banovsky |first=Michael |website=banovsky.kinja.com |access-date=31 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531001951/https://banovsky.kinja.com/hispano-aleman-vizcaya-the-german-spanish-italian-cana-1572908237 |archive-date=31 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="frua1">{{cite web |url=http://www.pietro-frua.de/1971_porsche.htm |title=VW-Porsche 914/6 Hispano-Alemán (1971) |website=www.pietro-frua.de |language=de |access-date=2019-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531001949/http://www.pietro-frua.de/1971_porsche.htm |archive-date=2019-05-31 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="porscheclub-914">{{cite web |last=Schweer |first=Michael |url=http://www.vw-porsche-914-club-westfalen.de/porsche916.htm |title=Porsche 916 |year=2007 |publisher=Volkswagen Porsche 914 club Westphalia |access-date=2007-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006213533/http://www.vw-porsche-914-club-westfalen.de/porsche916.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |language=de |archive-date=2006-10-06}}</ref> <ref name="ams-kafer">{{cite magazine |last=Leyrer |first=Götz |date=1973 |title=Kraft Wagen |url=https://www.kaeferfriseure.de/upload/pdf/nordstadt_carrera_73_ams.pdf |magazine=[[Auto Motor und Sport]]|language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412151224/http://www.kaeferfriseure.de/upload/pdf/nordstadt_carrera_73_ams.pdf |archive-date=2016-04-12 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="hemmings-xp897">{{cite web |url=https://www.hemmings.com/blog/2019/02/05/a-mid-engine-corvette-with-rotary-power-the-1973-xp-897-gt-concept/ |title=A mid-engine Corvette with rotary power – the 1973 XP-897 GT concept |last=Ernst |first=Kurt |date=5 February 2019 |website=www.hemmings.com |access-date=4 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603183418/https://www.hemmings.com/blog/2019/02/05/a-mid-engine-corvette-with-rotary-power-the-1973-xp-897-gt-concept/ |archive-date=3 June 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="gma-xp897">{{cite web |url=http://gmauthority.com/blog/2014/10/mid-engine-corvette-1973-xp-897gt-2-rotor-concept/ |title=Mid-Engine Corvette: 1973 XP-897GT 2-Rotor Concept |last=McEachern |first=Sam |date=3 October 2014 |website=gmauthority.com |access-date=4 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603183424/http://gmauthority.com/blog/2014/10/mid-engine-corvette-1973-xp-897gt-2-rotor-concept/ |archive-date=3 June 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="hemmings-le">{{Cite web |date=July 2015 |last1=LaChance |first1=David |last2=Shea |first2=Terry |url=https://www.hemmings.com/magazine/hsx/2015/07/Of-Bumblebees-and-Creamsicles---1974-Porsche-914-LE/3748717.html |title=Of Bumblebees and Creamsicles – 1974 Porsche 914 LE |website=www.hemmings.com |access-date=2018-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812022300/https://www.hemmings.com/magazine/hsx/2015/07/Of-Bumblebees-and-Creamsicles---1974-Porsche-914-LE/3748717.html |archive-date=2018-08-12 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="bat-le">{{Cite news|url=https://bringatrailer.com/listing/1974-porsche-914-2-0-le-2/|title=1974 Porsche 914 2.0 Limited Edition|website=Bring a Trailer|access-date=2018-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315212751/http://bringatrailer.com/listing/1974-porsche-914-2-0-le-2/|archive-date=2017-03-15|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="bowlsby-le">{{cite web | url = http://www.bowlsby.net/914/CanAm/914LE.htm | title = The 914 Porsche Limited Edition | work = The 914 Can Am Cars | last = Bowlsby | first = Jeff | access-date = 2011-09-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110818173522/http://www.bowlsby.net/914/CanAm/914LE.htm | archive-date = 2011-08-18 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="bonhams-bb">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/24132/lot/34/|title=Bonhams : 1974 Porsche 914 2.0-Litre Bumblebee Limited Edition Targa Chassis no. 4742915510|website=www.bonhams.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812022103/https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/24132/lot/34/|archive-date=2018-08-12|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="lemans-1970">{{cite web | url=http://histoire.lemans.org/ACO/Year/searchclassfin.php3?lg=eng&s=d&recherche=1970 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927034104/http://histoire.lemans.org/ACO/Year/searchclassfin.php3?lg=eng&s=d&recherche=1970 | url-status=dead | archive-date=2007-09-27 | title=Le Mans 24 Hours 1970 – Final Standings | year=2007 | access-date=2007-03-25}}</ref> <ref name="f1-safety">{{cite web|last=Khatri|first=Tarun|url=http://www.aaformula1.com/2012/02/first-ever-safety-car-in-formula-1.html|title=First ever Safety Car in Formula 1 : Rewind to 1973|publisher=aaFormula1.com|date=7 February 2012|access-date=2015-04-03|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407172448/http://www.aaformula1.com/2012/02/first-ever-safety-car-in-formula-1.html|archive-date=2015-04-07}}</ref> <!-- <ref name="imdb-914">{{cite web|url=http://www.imcdb.org/vehicles.php?resultsStyle=asImages&sortBy=4&make=porsche&model=914|title=IMCDb.org: porsche 914 in movies and TV series|website=www.imcdb.org|access-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023064337/http://www.imcdb.org/vehicles.php?resultsStyle=asImages&sortBy=4&make=porsche&model=914|archive-date=23 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Disable reference --> <ref name="mt-1973">{{cite magazine |date=1973 |title=The New Porsche 914S |magazine=[[Motor Trend]]}}{{full citation needed|date=September 2023|reason=Exact date?}}</ref> }} ==Further reading== *{{cite book |last1=Lewandowski |first1=Jürgen |title=Porsche 914: 50 Years. |date=2019 |publisher=Delius, Klasing & Co |location=Bielefeld |isbn=9783667117175|ref=none}} == External links == * {{Commons category-inline|Porsche 914}} <!--======================== {{No more links}} ============================ | PLEASE BE CAUTIOUS IN ADDING MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. Wikipedia | | is not a collection of links nor should it be used for advertising. | | | | Excessive or inappropriate links WILL BE DELETED. | | See [[Wikipedia:External links]] & [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details. | | | | If there are already plentiful links, please propose additions or | | replacements on this article's discussion page, or submit your link | | to the relevant category at the Open Directory Project (dmoz.org) | | and link back to that category using the {{dmoz}} template. | ======================= {{No more links}} =============================--> {{Porsche vehicles}} {{Porsche early timeline}} {{Volkswagen}} {{Volkswagen (Europe) timeline 1950-1979}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Porsche vehicles|914]] [[Category:Volkswagen vehicles|Porsche 914]] [[Category:1970s cars]] [[Category:Cars powered by boxer engines]] [[Category:Group 4 (racing) cars]] [[Category:Roadsters]] [[Category:Mid-engined cars]] [[Category:Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive vehicles]] [[Category:Cars introduced in 1969]] [[Category:Sports cars]] [[Category:24 Hours of Le Mans race cars]]
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