Editing Porcupine, South Dakota

{{For|the census-designated place in [[North Dakota]]|Porcupine, North Dakota}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
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|official_name            = Porcupine, South Dakota
|other_name               = 
|native_name              = {{lang|lkt|Pȟahíŋ siŋté}}
|nickname                 = 
|settlement_type          = [[Census-designated place|CDP]]
|motto                    = 
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|image_map                = Shannon_County_South_Dakota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Porcupine_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location in [[Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota|Oglala Lakota County]] and the state of [[South Dakota]]
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<!-- Location ------------------>
| subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[South Dakota]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in South Dakota|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota|Oglala Lakota]]
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|area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='46'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 15, 2022}}</ref>
|area_total_km2           = 24.83
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<!-- Population   ----------------------->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
|population_note          = 
|population_total         = 925
|population_density_km2   = 37.25
|population_density_sq_mi = 96.48
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<!-- General information  --------------->
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|coordinates              = {{coord|43|16|07|N|102|20|07|W|region:US-SD_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 3288
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|postal_code              = 57772
|area_code                = [[Area code 605|605]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 46-51340<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 2393194<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2393194}}</ref>
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}}

'''Porcupine''' ([[Lakota language|Lakota]]: ''Pȟahíŋ siŋté''; "porcupine tail") is a [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in [[Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota|Oglala Lakota County]], [[South Dakota]], United States. The population was 925 at the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]].<ref name=USCensus>{{cite web |title=U.S. Census Bureau: Porcupine CDP, South Dakota |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US4651340 |website=www.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=28 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

The community most likely was named after [[Porcupine Butte]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Federal Writers' Project|author-link=Federal Writers' Project|title=South Dakota place-names, v.1-3|series=American guide series |url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015027015455;view=1up;seq=145|year=1940|publisher=University of South Dakota|page=56}}</ref> Porcupine has been noted for its [[Place names considered unusual|unusual place name]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Petras|first1=Kathryn|last2=Petras|first2=Ross|title=Unusually Stupid Americans: A Compendium of All-American Stupidity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9kM5m3VeUAC&pg=PA246|date=18 December 2007|publisher=Random House Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-307-41761-9|page=246}}</ref> and for its designation as the unofficial capital of the unrecognized [[Republic of Lakotah]].

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has a total area of 9.5&nbsp;square miles (24.6&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), all land.

== Culture ==
Porcupine is home to [[KILI|KILI (90.1 FM)]], a non-profit [[Radio broadcasting|radio station]] broadcasting to the [[Lakota people]] on the [[Pine Ridge Indian Reservation|Pine Ridge]], [[Cheyenne River Indian Reservation|Cheyenne River]], and [[Rosebud Indian Reservation]]s,  part of the [[Great Sioux Nation]].<ref name=Melmer>{{cite news |author=David Melmer |title=KILI-FM radio off the air |work=[[Indian Country Today]] |date=2006-05-22 |url=http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096413023 |access-date=2008-04-06 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080619080609/http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096413023 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2008-06-19}}</ref><ref name=Express>{{cite web |title=KILI Radio &ndash; Pine Ridge Indian Reservation |publisher=Lakota Express |url=http://www.lakotamall.com/kili/ |access-date=2008-04-01 }}</ref> The station started broadcasting in 1983 as the first American Indian-owned radio station in the United States.<ref name=Treaty>{{cite web |title=Russell Means |publisher=Treaty Productions |url=http://www.russellmeans.com/char.html |date=1996 |access-date=2008-04-06 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
[[File:Students at Brave Heart Day, Porcupine, SD, School learn to milk a cow - NARA - 285483.jpg|thumb|left|Students at Brave Heart Day School in Porcupine learn to milk a cow, Oct. 2, 1937]]
[[File:Students pose with calf during branding at Brave Heart Day School - NARA - 285477.jpg|thumb|left|Students at Brave Heart Day School in Porcupine learn to brand a calf, Oct. 2, 1937]]
{{US Census population
|1990= 783
|2000= 407
|2010= 1062
|2020= 925
|align-fn=center
|footnote=[https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html U.S. Decennial Census]<ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:46&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 15, 2022}}</ref>
}}
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 407 people, 89 households, and 76 families residing in the CDP. The population density was {{convert|42.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 103 housing units at an average density of 10.8 per square mile (4.2/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the CDP was 1.23% [[White (U.S. Census)|European American]], 98.28% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], and 0.49% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.47% of the population.

There were 89 households, out of which 47.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 38.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.5% were non-families. 9.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 1.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.57 and the average family size was 4.83.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 42.0% under the age of 18, 13.5% from 18 to 24, 21.6% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 3.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 21 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $24,583, and the median income for a family was $26,667. Males had a median income of $26,786 versus $26,250 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the CDP was $4,429. About 30.8% of families and 28.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 29.1% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

==Radio station==
[[KILI]] FM 90.1, is licensed to Porcupine. Broadcasting to the Lakota people on the Pine Ridge, Cheyenne River, and Rosebud Indian Reservations, part of the Great Sioux Nation. It started broadcasting in 1983 as the first American Indian-owned radio station in the United States. At the end of 2008, KILI announced on its website that the station would be powered by a [[wind turbine]].

==Education==
[[Oglala Lakota County School District]] is the public school district.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st46_sd/schooldistrict_maps/c46102_oglala_lakota/DC20SD_C46102.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Oglala Lakota County, SD|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2021-08-01}}</ref> [[Lakota Tech High School]] is the public high school.

A campus of [[Red Cloud Indian School]], Our Lady of Lourdes Elementary School ({{langx|lkt|Wíŋyaŋ Wakȟáŋ Owáyawa}}), is adjacent to the Porcupine CDP and has a Porcupine address.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.redcloudschool.org/page.aspx?pid=454|title=Contact Us|publisher=|accessdate=2021-08-01|quote=500 Lourdes Lane Porcupine, South Dakota 57772}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st46_sd/place/p4651340_porcupine/DC10BLK_P4651340_001.pdf Compare with the CDP map]</ref> It was established in 1929, and became a part of the Red Cloud System in 1931.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.redcloudschool.org/page.aspx?pid=449|title=About Our Lady of Lourdes|publisher=Our Lady of Lourdes Elementary School|accessdate=2021-08-01}}</ref>

==Notable people==
* [[Old Chief Smoke]], an original Oglala Sioux head chief. He is buried southeast of Porcupine.
* [[Russell Means]], an [[American Indian Movement]] activist and actor. As "a grandfather with twenty-two grandchildren" Russell Means “[divided] his time between [[Chinle, Arizona|Chinle]], Navajo Nation, Arizona, and Porcupine."<ref>{{Cite book
| publisher = St. Martin's Press
| isbn = 9780312136215
| last = Means
| first = Russell
| author2 = Marvin J Wolf
| title = Where white men fear to tread: the autobiography of Russell Means
| location = New York
| date = 1995
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/wherewhitemenfea00mean
}}</ref> In December 2007, while a resident of Porcupine, he joined with members of the [[American Indian Movement]], and "dropped in on the [[United States State Department|State Department]] and the embassies of Bolivia, Venezuela, Chile and South Africa ... seeking recognition for their effort to form a free and independent Lakota nation," to be known as the [[Republic of Lakotah]].<ref>{{Cite web
 |last        = Jones
 |first       = Ebony
 |title       = Lakota Indians want to break free from the U.S.
 |work        = UrbanSwirl.com - Lifestyles of Color
 |access-date  = 2014-10-12
 |date        = 2007-12-30
 |url         = http://www.urbanswirl.com/content/view/199/
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://archive.today/20141012025944/http://www.urbanswirl.com/content/view/199/
 |archive-date = 2014-10-12
}}</ref>
* [[Edgar Bear Runner]] - Citizen used by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] to negotiate with [[American Indian Movement|AIM]] occupiers during the [[Wounded Knee incident]], survivor of the [[Pine Ridge Indian Reservation|Pine Ridge]] Reign of Terror carried out by FBI, local law enforcements, and the [[Private army|paramilitary]] [[Guardians of the Oglala Nation|GOONs]]. Activist who lobbies for the [[Pardon|clemency]] of AIM activist [[Leonard Peltier]] for his alleged crimes during the [[Wounded Knee incident]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Porcupine, South Dakota}}

{{Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota}}
{{Pine Ridge Indian Reservation}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in South Dakota]]
[[Category:Pine Ridge Indian Reservation]]