Editing Porco Rosso

{{Short description|1992 Japanese animated film}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name           = Porco Rosso
| native_name    = {{Infobox Japanese|child=yes|hide=no|header=none|kanji=紅の豚|revhep=Kurenai no Buta|l=Crimson Pig}}
| image          = Porco Rosso (Movie Poster).jpg
| caption        = Theatrical release poster
| alt            = Porco Rosso is about to fly with Madame Gina next to him on his plane. To their right is the film's title and below them is a plane flying in the sky—and the film's credits.
| director       = [[Hayao Miyazaki]]
| producer       = [[Toshio Suzuki (producer)|Toshio Suzuki]]
| screenplay     = Hayao Miyazaki
| based_on       = {{based on|''[[Hikōtei Jidai]]''|Hayao Miyazaki}}
| starring       = {{Plainlist|
* [[Shūichirō Moriyama]]
* [[Tokiko Kato]]
* [[Akemi Okamura]]
* [[Akio Ōtsuka]]
}}
| music          = [[Joe Hisaishi]]
| cinematography = Atsushi Okui
| editing        = [[Takeshi Seyama]]
| studio         = [[Studio Ghibli]]
| distributor    = [[Toho]]
| released       = {{Film date|1992|7|18|Japan}}
| runtime        = 94 minutes
| country        = Japan
| language       = Japanese
| gross          = $44.6 million ({{estimation}})
}}

{{nihongo|'''''Porco Rosso'''''|紅の豚|Kurenai no Buta|{{lit.|Crimson Pig}}|lead=yes}} is a 1992 Japanese [[Anime|animated]] [[Adventure film|adventure]] [[fantasy film]] written and directed by [[Hayao Miyazaki]], based on his 1989 manga ''[[Hikōtei Jidai]]''.<ref name=bcdb>{{cite web |url=http://www.bcdb.com/cartoon/20691-Kurenai_No_Buta.html |title=Kurenai No Buta (Porco Rosso, The Crimson Pig) (1992) Feature Length Theatrical Animated Film |website=Bcdb.com |access-date=October 19, 2016 |archive-date=January 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118060155/http://www.bcdb.com/cartoon/20691-Kurenai_No_Buta.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film stars the voices of [[Shūichirō Moriyama]], [[Tokiko Kato]], [[Akemi Okamura]] and [[Akio Ōtsuka]]. It was produced by [[Toshio Suzuki]], animated by [[Studio Ghibli]], and distributed by [[Toho]]. The score was composed by [[Joe Hisaishi]].

The plot revolves around an Italian [[World War I]] ex-fighter ace, now living as a freelance [[bounty hunter]] chasing "[[air pirate]]s" in the [[Adriatic Sea]]. However, an unusual curse has transformed him into an [[anthropomorphic]] pig. Once called Marco Pagot (Marco Rossolini in the American version), he is now known to the world as "Porco Rosso".

A first English-dubbed version was made for Japan Airlines and included in the Ghibli LD Box Set and on the first Region 2 DVD releases in 2002. The film was later redubbed by [[Walt Disney Home Entertainment]] and released on DVD and Blu-ray in the United States and Canada on February 22, 2005. [[GKIDS]] re-issued the film on Blu-ray and DVD on November 21, 2017, under a new deal with Studio Ghibli.

==Plot==
<!-- Per WP:FILMPLOT, plot summaries for feature films should be between 400 to 700 words. -->
In 1929, Italian World War I fighter ace and bounty hunter Porco Rosso, cursed to have a pig's head, defends an ocean liner from [[airborne pirates]]. He dines at his friend Gina's Hotel Adriano.

The pirates contract American ace Curtis to assist their attacks. Curtis falls in love with Gina but she loves Porco. While Porco is flying to [[Milan]] to have his red seaplane serviced, Curtis shoots him down. Porco survives and continues the trip by train with his damaged plane, to Gina's irritation. She reminds him there is a warrant for his arrest in [[Italy]].

Porco meets his mechanic Piccolo in Milan. Piccolo's sons have emigrated so the work will be done by his young granddaughter Fio. Once Porco's plane is finished, Fio joins him on his flight home as cover should the [[OVRA|secret police]] arrest them. They can claim that Porco took Fio hostage to force Piccolo to help. [[National Fascist Party|The new fascist government]] is hiring pirates for their own use, putting Porco out of business.

Curtis proposes to Gina but she says she is waiting for Porco. Porco and Fio are ambushed by the pirates, and Curtis challenges Porco to a duel. Fio declares that if Porco wins, Curtis must pay his debts owed to Piccolo's company, and if Curtis wins, he may marry her.

While Porco is preparing shells, Fio glimpses his true face. Porco tells Fio a story from World War I. Just after Gina's wedding to Porco's pilot friend Bellini, their squadron was attacked. Porco entered a cloud to evade his pursuers. He blacked out then awakened to complete stillness above the clouds. The airmen who died in the dogfight—Bellini included—rose out of the cloud to fly up towards a band of thousands of planes flying together. After offering in vain to die in Bellini's place for Gina's sake, he awakened again flying alone low over the sea. He concludes that he is meant to "fly solo". Fio rebukes him and kisses his cheek.

Curtis and Porco's dogfight devolves into a boxing match when both planes' guns jam. Porco accuses Curtis of being a womanizer; Curtis responds that Porco is worse; Fio adores him, and Gina is waiting on him to the exclusion of any other, but he does not reciprocate. The combatants knock each other out and fall into the shallow water. Gina calls out to Porco, who rises first and is declared the winner. She warns that the Italian air force is on its way, and invites everyone to regroup at her hotel. Porco requests Gina look after Fio and turns away. Fio gives Porco a kiss.

Porco volunteers to lead the air force away and invites Curtis to join him. As they walk to their planes, Curtis catches a glimpse of Porco's face and says he has changed; he asks to get a better look and is refused. As she flies in a jet seaplane, Fio narrates the epilogue: Porco outflew the Italian air force and remained at large; Fio became president of the Piccolo aircraft company; Curtis became a famous actor, and the pirates continued to attend the Hotel Adriano in their old age. She says that whether Gina's hope for Porco Rosso was ever realized is their secret. A red seaplane is docked by Gina's garden as Fio flies over the hotel.

==Cast==
{{Multiple image
| align     = right
| direction = vertical
| width     = 150
| image1    = 森山周一郎 (cropped).jpg
| caption1  = [[Shūichirō Moriyama]]
| image2    = Michael-Keaton (cropped).jpg
| caption2  = [[Michael Keaton]]
| footer    = Porco was voiced by Moriyama in Japanese and Keaton in the 2005 English dub
}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="2" | Character name
! colspan="3" | Voice actor
|-
! width="20%" rowspan="2" | Original
! width="20%" rowspan="2" | English dub 
! width="20%" | Japanese
! width="40%" colspan="2" | English
|-
! width="20%" | <small>Original, 1992</small>
! width="20%" | <small>[[Japan Airlines]], 1992</small>
! width="20%" | <small>[[Walt Disney Pictures]], 2005</small>
|-
| '''Porco Rosso / Marco&nbsp;Pagot'''
| '''Porco Rosso / Marco&nbsp;Rossolini'''
| [[Shūichirō Moriyama]] || align="center" | Ward Sexton<ref name="ResidentEvilBook">{{cite book |last1=Reed |first1=Philip J |editor1-last=Durham |editor1-first=Gabe |title=Resident Evil |date=2020 |publisher=Boss Fight Books |isbn=978-1-940535-25-8 |edition=First |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4I_zDwAAQBAJ |access-date=March 19, 2023 |language=English |chapter=In the Mouth of Madness}}</ref><ref name="ResidentEvilActors">{{cite web |last1=Reed |first1=Philip J. |title=REactors |url=https://noiselesschatter.com/2020/05/18/reactors/ |website=Noiseless Chatter |access-date=January 19, 2024 |date=May 18, 2020 |archive-date=January 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119172325/https://noiselesschatter.com/2020/05/18/reactors/ |url-status=live }}</ref> || align="center" | [[Michael Keaton]]
|-
| colspan="2" | '''Donald Curtis'''
| [[Akio Ōtsuka]] || {{N/A|Unknown}} || [[Cary Elwes]]
|-
| colspan="2" | '''Fio Piccolo'''
| [[Akemi Okamura]] || Lynn Eve Harris<ref name="ResidentEvilBook"></ref><ref name="ResidentEvilActors"></ref> || [[Kimberly Williams-Paisley]]
|-
| colspan="2" | '''Madame Gina'''
| [[Tokiko Kato]] || rowspan="6" {{N/A|Unknown}} || [[Susan Egan]]
|-
| colspan="2" | '''Mr. Piccolo'''
| [[Bunshi Katsura VI|Sanshi Katsura]] || [[David Ogden Stiers]]
|-
| '''Ferrarin'''
| '''Ferrari'''
| [[Mahito Tsujimura]] || [[Tom Kenny]]
|-
| '''Capo'''
| '''Boss'''
| [[Tsunehiko Kamijō]] || [[Brad Garrett]]
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" | '''Mamma Aiuto Gang Members'''
| [[Reizō Nomoto]] || [[Bill Fagerbakke]]
|-
| [[Osamu Saka]] || [[Kevin Michael Richardson]]
|-
| [[Yuu Shimaka]] || [[Barry Gjerde]]<ref name="ResidentEvilBook"></ref><ref name="ResidentEvilActors"></ref><ref name="GjerdeNarration">{{cite web |last1=Gjerde |first1=Barry |title=Narration Profile |url=http://www2.gol.com/users/barrygj/profile.htm |website=The Barry Gjerde Homepage |access-date=January 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050209195933/http://www2.gol.com/users/barrygj/profile.htm |archive-date=February 9, 2005}}</ref> || [[Frank Welker]]
|}

The French dub of the film stars [[Jean Reno]] as Porco.<ref name="PorcoFAQ">{{cite web |last1=Toyama |first1=Ryoko |title=FAQ // Porco Rosso |url=http://www.nausicaa.net/miyazaki/porco/faq.html |website=Nausicaa.net |access-date=January 19, 2024 |archive-date=February 27, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227192901/http://www.nausicaa.net/miyazaki/porco/faq.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Production==
The film was originally planned as a short in-flight film for [[Japan Airlines]] based on [[Hayao Miyazaki]]'s [[manga]] ''[[The Age of the Flying Boat]]'', but grew into a feature-length film. The outbreak of [[Yugoslav wars|war in Yugoslavia]] cast a shadow over production and prompted a more serious tone for the film, which had been set in [[Dalmatia]]. The airline remained a major investor in the film and showed it as an in-flight film well before its theatrical release.<ref name=Theowne>{{cite web|title=Porco Rosso Review|url=http://omohide.com/1624/porco-rosso-review/|work=Omohide|access-date=May 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726005154/http://omohide.com/1624/porco-rosso-review/|archive-date=July 26, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Due to this, the opening text introducing the film appears simultaneously in Japanese, Italian, Korean, English, Chinese, Spanish, Arabic, Russian, French, and German. [[TMS Entertainment|Telecom Animation Film Co., Ltd.]] helped animate the film.

As with Miyazaki's other films, [[Joe Hisaishi]] composed the soundtrack. For the soundtrack, [[Tokiko Kato]] performs [[Le Temps des cerises|"The Time of Cherries"]] as well as an original song, "Once in a While, Talk of the Old Days".

==History, geography and politics==
{{multiple image
 | total_width = 320
 | image1 = 2006-8-,9 Vis 100b.jpg
 | class1 = bg-transparent
 | alt1 = Stiniva Beach
 | image2 = Porco Rosso beach hideout.png
 | class2 = bg-transparent
 | alt2 = Porco Rosso's hideout
 | footer = Stiniva Beach and Porco Rosso's hidden beach
}}

Marco is an Italian hero from the [[World War I|First World War]] and is shown fighting against Austro-Hungarian [[fighter planes]] in a flashback sequence. The story is set in [[Northern Italy]], including [[Milan]], and the Italian and Croatian [[Adriatic Sea]] east coast. Some locations resemble certain islands of the [[Italian Lakes]]. The concealed beach Porco uses as a hideout bears a strong resemblance to Stiniva Beach, on the southern side of the Croatian island of [[Vis (island)|Vis]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sinke |date=2019-02-12 |title=Discover Stiniva, One of CNN's Favorite Beaches |url=https://www.croatia-times.com/the-adriatic-times/discover-stiniva-one-of-cnns-favorite-beaches/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Croatia Times |language=en-US |archive-date=October 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013165303/https://www.croatia-times.com/the-adriatic-times/discover-stiniva-one-of-cnns-favorite-beaches/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Miyazaki shed light on the political context of the making of the film in an interview with ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]''. He reflects that the conflicts that broke out during the film's production (such as those in [[Siege of Dubrovnik|Dubrovnik]] and elsewhere) made ''Porco Rosso'' a much more complicated and difficult film.<ref>{{cite journal|last= Jolin |first=Dan|title=Miyazaki on Miyazaki|journal= Empire |date= September 2009|issue=243 |page= 119}}</ref>

Evident historical and political realism aside, at least one scholar has argued that the film's more overt historical references can be understood as representative of ''wakon yōsai'' (<small>[[:jp:和魂洋才|Jp]]</small>; "[[Yamato-damashii|Japanese spirit]], Western learning")—a tendency, since the [[Meiji period]], for Japanese artists to paint Europe as spectacular, while simultaneously maintaining the distance necessary to preserve a distinct sense of Japanese identity. "In Porco Rosso," states academic Chris Wood, "Europe is tamed, rendered as a charming site of pleasurable consumption, made distant and viewed through a tourist gaze."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wood|first1=Chris|title= The European fantasy space and identity construction in ''Porco Rosso'' |journal=Post Script|date=Winter–Spring 2009 |volume= 28 |issue=2 |page=112 |access-date= July 31, 2019 |url= http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/39660078/european-fantasy-space-identity-construction-porco-rosso |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190801021746/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/39660078/european-fantasy-space-identity-construction-porco-rosso |url-status= dead |archive-date= 2019-08-01 |url-access=registration}}</ref>

==Homage to early aviation==
{{more citations needed|section|date=October 2016}}
[[File:Museo Vigna di Valle Macchi 2009-06-06.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Aermacchi]]'s seaplanes at the [[Italian Air Force Museum]]]]
The fictional "Piccolo" aircraft company depicted in the film is based on the Italian aircraft manufacturers [[Caproni]] and [[Piaggio Aerospace|Piaggio]]. The jet shown in the last scene is very similar in concept to the [[Caproni Vizzola Ventura|Caproni C-22J]], an aircraft designed by Carlo Ferrarin, a designer for Caproni, whose name is notably used in the film for Marco's Air Force pilot friend. The jet-amphibian also has a [[V-tail]], slightly reminiscent of the [[Fouga CM.170 Magister|Magister jet trainer]]. The [[Savoia-Marchetti S.55]], [[Fiat C.R.20]] and [[Macchi M.39]] are featured in the movie.<ref name=Fanacea>{{cite web |url= https://fanacea.it/porco-rosso-miyazaki-aviazione-italiana/ |title= Il Porco Rosso: il volo di Miyazaki nell'aviazione italiana |language= Italian |website= Fanacea |date= September 21, 2016 |access-date= February 6, 2021 |archive-date= March 7, 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210307190137/https://fanacea.it/porco-rosso-miyazaki-aviazione-italiana/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

Porco's air-force friend Ferrarin was inspired by the Italian Air Force pilot [[Arturo Ferrarin]] who flew with an [[Ansaldo SVA|Ansaldo SVA.9]] from [[Rome-Tokyo Raid|Rome to Tokyo]] in 1920.<ref name= "Bendazzi">Bendazzi, Giannalberto (2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=dZvhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA221 ''Animation: A World History''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144910/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dZvhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA221 |date= June 12, 2018}}, Vol. III, p. 221. CRC Press. {{ISBN|1-31751988-4}}</ref> Additionally, the [[Caproni Ca.309]] light reconnaissance aircraft, known as the "Ghibli", was the namesake for Miyazaki's and Takahata's animation studio.

Porco's plane is named after the [[Savoia S.21]], but is based on the [[Macchi M.33]].<ref>''Hayao Miyazaki: master of Japanese animation : films, themes, artistry'', Stone Bridge Press, Inc., 1999, p. 164</ref> While in Piccolo's engine shop, the engine to be used in Porco's rebuilt Savoia S.21 also has the word "Ghibli" visible on its rocker covers—in design it is a narrow-angle V-12 engine, similar in form to racing engines of the period. Piccolo mentions that it was used in a racing aeroplane for the [[Schneider Trophy]] race in the year before.

In the early 1930s, Italian seaplane designers set world speed records (such as the [[Macchi M.C.72]] designed by the Italian airplane designer [[Mario Castoldi]]). One of the test pilots killed during the attempt to set the speed record was named Bellini, the name given to Porco's pilot friend in the film. Italian top fighter aces [[Francesco Baracca]] and [[Adriano Visconti]] also appear in the film.<ref name=Fanacea/>

Marco Pagot, the real name of the main character, is also a homage to the Pagot brothers, pioneers of Italian animation (Nino and [[Toni Pagot]] were the authors of the first Italian animated feature film, ''[[The Dynamite Brothers]]'', and Nino's son and daughter Marco and Gi Pagot<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/cartoons-honor-italian-animation-brothers-134193|title=Cartoons honor Italian animation brothers|author=Eric J. Lyman|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]], April 17, 2017|date=April 17, 2007|access-date=March 27, 2020|archive-date=November 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103112205/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/cartoons-honor-italian-animation-brothers-134193|url-status=live}}</ref> were Miyazaki's collaborators in the production of ''[[Sherlock Hound]]'').

Meanwhile, the character of Curtis is likely to have been named after the American aviation pioneer [[Glenn Hammond Curtiss]] who, along with the [[Wright Brothers]], founded the [[Curtiss-Wright Corporation]]. Curtis' airplane is a [[Curtiss R3C]], which was built for the 1925 [[Schneider Cup]] race (which Porco refers to when he first meets Curtis). His character is also an oblique reference to [[Ronald Reagan]], in that his ambitions lie not only in Hollywood, but also the Presidency. The rest of Curtis' character appears to come directly from the adventure film heroes portrayed by [[Errol Flynn]] at this time—indeed, they share a jaw line—including his buccaneering derring-do, willingness to fight, and overall demeanour combined with romantic ardour.

[[File:Setouchi SEAPLANES Quest Kodiak 100(JA03TG, "L'ala Rossa") left front view at JASDF Miho Air Base June 2, 2019 02.jpg|right|thumb|Setouchi Seaplane's Kodiak 100 in ''L’ala Rossa'' livery]]
In 2017, Miyazaki and producer [[Toshio Suzuki (producer)|Toshio Suzuki]] collaborated with Setouchi Seaplanes, a Japanese company flying [[Daher Kodiak|Kodiak 100]] seaplanes in Japan's Seto Inland Sea area, to design a special edition ''L’ala Rossa'' livery for Kodiak 100-0143.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chordas |first1=Peter |title=A One-of-a-Kind View of Japan's Inland Sea |url=https://setouchifinder.com/en/detail/7129 |agency=Setouchi Finder |date=28 March 2018 |access-date=June 8, 2023 |archive-date=June 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623034311/https://setouchifinder.com/en/detail/7129 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hashimoto |first1=Hiroki |title=飛ばねえ豚は…宮崎駿監督ら監修、水陸両用機が離陸 |language=Japanese |url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASK8B3VTQK8BPITB00J.html |work=[[The Asahi Shimbun]] |date=10 August 2017 |access-date=July 1, 2023 |archive-date=July 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701023206/https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASK8B3VTQK8BPITB00J.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=特別塗装機（ラーラ ロッサ） |language=Japanese |url=https://www.setouchi-seaplanes.com/kodiak100/lala-rossa/ |website=Setouchi Seaplanes |access-date=8 June 2023 |archive-date=June 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623034309/https://www.setouchi-seaplanes.com/kodiak100/lala-rossa/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

Miyazaki revisited the theme of aviation history in his 2013 film ''[[The Wind Rises]]''.

==Release==
The film was released in Japan on July 18, 1992, by [[Toho]] and was released on VHS by [[Tokuma Shoten]] in 1993. The movie was later reissued on VHS by [[Buena Vista Home Entertainment Japan]] (now [[Walt Disney Studios Japan]]) on April 23, 1999, and was released on DVD on December 18, 2002. The film was released on [[Blu-ray Disc]] on November 6, 2013, with a reissue of the DVD following on July 16, 2014.

[[Japan Airlines]] commissioned an English dub that was produced in Japan in 1992 for viewing on international flights. The dub was supervised by Ward Sexton, who also starred as Porco.<ref name="ResidentEvilBook" /><ref name="ResidentEvilActors" /> Although Sexton felt the project was too big for an English-speaking cast in Japan, Studio Ghibli insisted he be in charge.<ref name="ResidentEvilBook" /> The dub was included in the 1996 Ghibli ga Ippai Laserdisc Box Set and on the 2002 Japanese DVD release of the film, both of which are out of print.

[[Walt Disney Home Entertainment]] released the film on DVD on February 22, 2005, and on Blu-ray on February 3, 2015, both with a new English dub featuring the voices of [[Michael Keaton]], [[Cary Elwes]], [[Susan Egan]], and [[Kimberly Williams-Paisley]], which is included on most international releases as well as the 2014 Japanese DVD reissue. This dub was supervised by [[Tony Bancroft]] and written by frequent Ghibli dub screenwriters Don and Cindy Hewitt. [[GKIDS]] re-issued the film on Blu-ray and DVD on November 21, 2017, under a new deal with Studio Ghibli.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/gkids-studio-ghibli-ink-home-entertainment-deal-1021746|title=Gkids, Studio Ghibli Ink Home Entertainment Deal|author=Carolyn Giardina|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=July 17, 2017|access-date=August 3, 2017|archive-date=July 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722144250/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/gkids-studio-ghibli-ink-home-entertainment-deal-1021746|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Box office===
''Porco Rosso'' was the number-one film on the Japanese market in 1992, with [[theatrical rental|distribution rentals]] of {{JPY|2.8 billion|link=yes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eiren.org/toukei/1992.html|title=Kako haikyū shūnyū jōi sakuhin 1992-nen|publisher=Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan|language=ja|access-date=February 6, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511070754/http://www.eiren.org/toukei/1992.html|archive-date=May 11, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> and gross receipts of {{JPY|5.4 billion}},<ref name="japan">{{cite book |last=Kanō |first=Seiji |author-link=Seiji Kanō |title=宮崎駿全書 (Complete Miyazaki Hayao) |date=March 1, 2006 |publisher=フィルムアート社 (Film Art Company) |isbn=4845906872 |page=173 |edition=Shohan}}</ref><ref name="kogyotsushin">{{cite news |title=歴代興収ベスト100 |trans-title=All-time box office top 100 |language=ja |publisher=Kogyo Tsushinsha |url=http://www.kogyotsushin.com/archives/alltime/ |access-date=June 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303045830/http://www.kogyotsushin.com/archives/alltime/ |archive-date=March 3, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> at the time equivalent to {{US$|{{To USD|5400|JPN|year=1992|round=yes}},000,000|long=no|year=1992|round=-6}}.

In France, it sold 167,793 tickets,<ref name="france">{{cite web |title=PORCO ROSSO {{ndash}} Kurenai no buta (1995) |url=http://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=4080 |website=JP's Box-Office |access-date=March 2, 2019 |archive-date=January 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108084440/http://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=4080 |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to an estimated {{US$|{{#expr:167793*6 round 0}}|long=no}} at an average 1992 ticket price of [[French franc|FF]]34 ($6).<ref>{{cite book|last=Hoffman|first=Mark S.|title=The World almanac and book of facts, 1993|date=1992|publisher=Pharos Books|location=New York|isbn=0886876583|page=296|edition=125th Anniversary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nk4wAAAAMAAJ&q=ticket+price|access-date=June 13, 2019|archive-date=January 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108084416/https://books.google.com/books?id=nk4wAAAAMAAJ&q=ticket+price|url-status=live}}</ref> In other European countries, it grossed $573,719,<ref name="europe">{{cite web |title=Kurenai no buta (Porco rosso) (2008) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?page=&id=_fKURENAINOBUTAPO01 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=December 16, 2018 |archive-date=December 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218054258/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?page=&id=_fKURENAINOBUTAPO01 |url-status=live }}</ref> for an estimated combined total of {{US$|{{#expr:43000000+1006758+573719}}|long=no}} grossed in Japan and Europe.

===Critical reception===
It won the ''Cristal du long métrage'' ("Best feature-length film award") at the 1993 [[Annecy International Animation Film Festival]], and also made ''[[Time Out (company)|Time Out]]''{{'}}s Top 50 animated movie list.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timeout.com/film/features/show-feature/8838/ |title=Time Out's 50 Greatest Animated Films – Part 3 with Time Out Film - Time Out London |website=www.timeout.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091008102752/http://www.timeout.com/film/features/show-feature/8838/ |archive-date=8 October 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On [[Rotten Tomatoes]], 96% of 23 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 8.2/10.<ref name="RottenTomatoes">{{cite web|title=Porco Rosso|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/porco_rosso|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=April 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219071326/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/porco_rosso|archive-date=February 19, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On review aggregator [[Metacritic]], it has a score of 83 out of 100 based on 11 critic reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".<ref>{{cite web|title=Porco Rosso Reviews|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/porco-rosso|website=[[Metacritic]]|access-date=April 28, 2023|archive-date=June 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630163054/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/porco-rosso|url-status=live}}</ref>

Wilson McLachlan, of the ''Left Field Cinema'', considered it "the most underrated film from the Studio Ghibli catalogue." Jeannette Catsoulis of ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote: "Mr. Miyazaki smooshes fantasy and history into a pastel-pretty yarn as irresistible as his feminism."<ref name="RottenTomatoes"/> Robert Pardi of ''[[TV Guide]]'' gave the film 4/5 stars, stating: "Miyazaki pays homage to Hollywood’s wartime adventure films in this masterwork built around the adventures of a high-flying pig ... This animated feature's visual splendor is matched by a droll screenplay that takes a sty-side view of heroism ... Seamlessly adapted for American audiences by Donald H. Davis and Cindy Hewitt Davis, this spoof/pastiche of old-movie cliches also soars as a paean to the redeeming power of friendship and loyalty."<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.tvguide.com/movies/porco-rosso/review/294340/ |title= Porco Rosso review |website= TVGuide |access-date= March 15, 2020 |archive-date= August 25, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200825031406/https://www.tvguide.com/movies/porco-rosso/review/294340/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

===Cultural impact===
Porco Rosso and his famous line "Better a pig than a fascist" became a rallying symbol among some Spanish artist circles encouraging people to vote against conservative to far-right parties in Spain's [[2023 Spanish general election|2023 general elections]].<ref>{{cite news |title=¿Por qué se han viralizado estos dibujos de 'Porco Rosso' antes de las elecciones? |url=https://www.20minutos.es/cinemania/noticias/dibujos-porco-rosso-elecciones-5148488/ |work=[[Cinemanía]] |date=18 July 2023 |language=es |access-date=July 20, 2023 |archive-date=July 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720103426/https://www.20minutos.es/cinemania/noticias/dibujos-porco-rosso-elecciones-5148488/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Possible sequel==
In 2011, Miyazaki said that he wanted to make a follow-up anime to the 1992 original film if his next few films following ''[[Ponyo]]'' were successful. The film's working name was ''Porco Rosso: The Last Sortie''; it was to have been set during the [[Spanish Civil War]] with Porco appearing as a veteran pilot.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url= http://www.nausicaa.net/w/index.php?title=Latest_News&oldid=8992#Ghibli_Pre-announces_New_film_in_Rome_.28Not_Porco_Rosso_2.29 |title= Latest News |publisher= Ghibli Wiki |access-date= October 19, 2016 |archive-date= March 27, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170327055022/http://www.nausicaa.net/w/index.php?title=Latest_News&oldid=8992#Ghibli_Pre-announces_New_film_in_Rome_.28Not_Porco_Rosso_2.29 |url-status= live }}</ref> Miyazaki was to create the sequel, although the studio has since indicated that the sequel is not in their current plans.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.nausicaa.net/miyazaki/porco/ Porco Rosso page at Nausicaa.net]
* {{anime News Network|movie|855}}
* {{IMDb title|0104652}}
* ''[https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/517001/enwp Porco Rosso]'' at the [[Turner Classic Movies|TCM Movie Database]]
* [http://www.themanime.org/viewreview.php?id=323 Review at THEM Anime]

{{Hayao Miyazaki}}
{{Studio Ghibli Films}}
{{Mainichi Film Award - Animation Film Award}}
{{Authority control}}

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