Editing Pope Theodore I

{{Short description|Head of the Catholic Church from 642 to 649}}

{{Infobox Christian leader
|type=Pope
|honorific-prefix= [[List of popes|Pope]]
|name=Theodore I
|title = [[Bishop of Rome]]
|church = [[Catholic Church]]
|image = 
|term_start=24 November 642
|term_end=14 May 649
|predecessor=[[Pope John IV|John IV]]
|successor=[[Pope Martin I|Martin I]]
|birth_date=
|birth_place=[[Jerusalem]], [[Byzantine Empire]]
|death_date=14 May 649
|death_place=[[Rome]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodore-I |title=Theodore I  |author=((The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica))|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref>
|other=Theodore
}}

'''Pope Theodore I''' ({{langx|la|Theodorus I}}; died 14 May 649) was the [[bishop of Rome]] from 24 November 642 to his death on 14 May 649. His pontificate was dominated by the struggle with [[Monothelitism]].

==Early career==
[[File:Madaba map Nea.jpg|thumb|The [[Madaba Map]], a 6th-century mosaic image of [[Jerusalem]], roughly contemporary with Pope Theodore I. The [[New Church of the Theotokos]] (red square in image) was a few decades old during Theodore's youth.]]
According to the ''[[Liber Pontificalis]]'', Theodore was a Greek man from [[Jerusalem]] whose father, Theodore, had been a bishop in the city; he is the only pope to have been a native of that city.<ref name="(bibliothecarius)1602">{{cite book|author=Anastasius (bibliothecarius)|title=Bibliothecarii Historia, de vitis romanorvm pontificvm|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3ZLAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA67|year=1602|publisher=in typographeio I. Albini|pages=67|quote=Theodorus, natione Grecus, ex patre Theodoro episcopo de civitate Hierusolima}}</ref> He was among the many Syrian clergy who fled to Rome following the [[Muslim conquest of the Levant]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Paul F. Bradshaw|title=New SCM Dictionary of Liturgy and Worship|date=2013|publisher=Hymns Ancient and Modern Ltd|isbn=9780334049326|page=5}}</ref> He was made a [[cardinal deacon]] possibly around 640 and a full [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] by [[Pope John IV]].

==Pontificate==
Theodore I's [[papal selection before 1059|election]] was [[Byzantine Papacy|supported]] by the [[exarch of Ravenna]], who governed Italy in the name of the emperor in [[Constantinople]]. He was installed on 24 November 642, succeeding John IV. {{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
The main focus of his pontificate was the continued struggle against the heretical [[Monothelites]].  He refused to recognize [[Paul II of Constantinople|Paul II]] as the [[patriarch of Constantinople]] because Paul's predecessor, [[Pyrrhus I of Constantinople|Pyrrhus I]], had not been correctly replaced. He pressed Emperor [[Constans II]] to withdraw the ''[[Ecthesis]]'' of [[Heraclius]]. While his efforts made little impression on Constantinople, it increased the opposition to the teaching in the West; Pyrrhus even briefly recanted Monothelitism in 645, but was [[excommunicated]] in 648. Paul was excommunicated in 649. In response, Paul destroyed the Roman altar in the palace of [[Placidia]] and exiled or imprisoned the [[papal apocrisiarius]]. He also sought to end the issue with the emperor by promulgating the [[Type of Constans]], ordering that the ''Ecthesis'' be taken down and seeking to end discussion on the doctrine.{{sfn|Mann|1913}}

Theodore planned the [[Lateran Council of 649]] to condemn the ''Ecthesis'', but died before he could convene it. His successor, [[Pope Martin I|Martin I]], did so instead. Theodore was buried in [[Old St. Peter's Basilica]]. {{sfn|Mann|1913}} His [[feast day]] in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] is on [[May 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)|18 May]].<ref>''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/3247/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ὁ Ἅγιος Θεόδωρος ὁ Ἱερομάρτυρας Ἐπίσκοπος Ρώμης].'' 18 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ. {{inlang|el}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{Portal|Biography|Christianity|History}}
*{{CE1913|wstitle=Pope Theodore I|volume=14 |first=Horace Kinder|last= Mann|year=1913}}
*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Theodore (popes)|display=Theodore|volume=26|page=765}}

==External links==
*[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-vii.htm Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church]

{{S-start}}
{{S-rel|ca}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Pope John IV|John IV]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Pope]]|years=642&ndash;649}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Pope Martin I|Martin I]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Popes}}
{{Catholicism}} 
{{History of the Catholic Church}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Theodore 01}}
[[Category:649 deaths]]
[[Category:7th-century archbishops]]
[[Category:Popes of the Byzantine Papacy]]
[[Category:Asian popes]]
[[Category:Burials at St. Peter's Basilica]]
[[Category:Greek popes]]
[[Category:Popes]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:7th-century popes]]
[[Category:Clergy from Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Syrian popes]]