Editing Pope Hyginus

{{Short description|Head of the Catholic Church from c. 138 to c. 142}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Pope
| honorific-prefix = [[Pope Saint]]
| name = Hyginus
| title = [[Bishop of Rome]]
| church = [[Catholic Church]]
| birth_name = Hyginus
| term_start = c. 136
| term_end = c. 142
| predecessor = [[Pope Telesphorus|Telesphorus]]
| successor = [[Pope Pius I|Pius I]]
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Athens]], [[Achaia (Roman province)|Achaia]] ([[Greece in the Roman era|Greece]]), [[Roman Empire]]
| death_date = 142
| death_place = [[Rome]], [[Roman Italy|Italy]], [[Roman Empire]]
| feast_day = 11 January
| image = HyginosI.jpg
| caption = Statue of Pope Hyginus in [[St. Peter's Basilica]]
}}
'''Pope Hyginus''' ({{langx|el|Υγίνος}}) was the [[bishop of Rome]] from {{circa}} 138 to his death in {{circa}} 142.<ref>The chronology of these Popes cannot be determined with any degree of exactitude by the help of the extant sources. ([http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07593a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: ''Pope St. Hyginus'']) According to [[Eusebius]] ([[Church History (Eusebius)|''Church History'']], IV, xv.) Hyginus succeeded [[Pope Telesphorus|Telesphorus]] during the first year of the reign of Emperor [[Antoninus Pius]], i.e. in 138 or 139. Eusebius (''Church History'', IV, xvi) states that Hyginus's pontificate lasted four years.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=2_UCAAAAQAAJ&dq=Pope+Hyginus&pg=PA29 popes of Rome: from the earliest times to Pius ix, A.D. 1870]</ref> Tradition holds that during his papacy he determined the various prerogatives of the clergy and defined the grades of the ecclesiastical hierarchy.

Hyginus instituted [[godparent]]s at [[baptism]] to assist the baptised during their Christian life. He also decreed that all churches be [[Consecration|consecrated]]. He is said to have died a [[martyr]], though no records verify this. The chronology of the early bishops of [[Rome]] cannot be determined with any degree of exactitude today.<ref name=kirsch /><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7ChhAAAAcAAJ&q=Pope+Hyginus&pg=PA44 The Object, Importance, and Antiquity of the Rite of Consecration of Churches. ... With ... Notes; and an Appendix, Containing the Consecration Services of Bishop Andrews and of Archbishop Laud, and the Forms of Consecration Adopted by the Convocation of 1712 and 1715, Etc]</ref>

==History==
According to the ''[[Liber Pontificalis]]'', Hyginus was a [[Greeks|Greek]] by birth.<ref name=kirsch>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07593a.htm Kirsch, Johann Peter. "Pope St. Hyginus." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 13 Mar. 2015]</ref> [[Irenaeus]] says that the [[Valentinus (Gnostic)|gnostic Valentinus]] came to [[Rome]] in Hyginus' time, remaining there until [[Pope Anicetus|Anicetus]] became [[pontiff]].<ref>''[[On the Detection and Overthrow of the So-Called Gnosis]]'', III, iii</ref>

[[Cerdo (gnostic)|Cerdo]], another [[Gnostic]] and predecessor of [[Marcion of Sinope]], also lived at Rome in the reign of Hyginus; by confessing his errors and recanting, he succeeded in obtaining readmission into the Church but eventually fell back into heresy and was expelled from the Church.<ref name=Butler>[http://www.bartleby.com/210/1/112.html Butler, Alban. "St. Hyginus, Pope and Martyr", ''The Lives of the Saints'', vol.1, 1866]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=mftPAAAAMAAJ&dq=Pope+Hyginus&pg=RA1-PA178 Encyclopaedia Perthensis; Or Universal Dictionary of the Arts, Sciences, Literature, &c. Intended to Supersede the Use of Other Books of Reference, Volume 5]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=W6MNZnozIGsC&q=Cerdo&pg=PT75 The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Gnostic GospelsBy J. Michael Matkin]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=XfpaHWR9WL0C&dq=Pope+Hyginus&pg=PA96 Saint Clement, Pope and Martyr, and His Basilica in Rome]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=nXEiAQAAMAAJ&dq=Pope+Hyginus&pg=PP772 The Complete Dictionary of Arts and Sciences: In which the Whole Circle of Human Learning is Explained, and the Difficulties Attending the Acquisition of Every Art, Whether Liberal Or Mechanical, are Removed ... The Theological, Philological, and Critical Branches, Volume 2]</ref>
The ''Liber Pontificalis'' also relates that this pope organized the hierarchy and established the order of ecclesiastical precedence (''{{lang|la|Hic clerum composuit et distribuit gradus}}'').<ref name=kirsch/> This general observation recurs also in the biography of [[Pope Hormisdas]]. According to [[Louis Duchesne]], the writer probably referred to the lower orders of the clergy.<ref name=kirsch/>

The ancient sources contain no information as to his having died a [[martyr]]. At his death he was buried on the [[Vatican Hill]], near [[Saint Peter's tomb]]. His [[calendar of saints|feast]] is celebrated on 11 January.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ncBOAAAAMAAJ&q=Pope+Hyginus Maryknoll Missal: Formerly Published as Daily Missal of the Mystical Body]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=1OYpAQAAMAAJ&q=Pope+Hyginus New Catholic encyclopedia, Volume 7]</ref>

His feast day in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] is also 11 January.<ref>January 24 / January 11. https://www.holytrinityorthodox.com/htc/orthodox-calendar/</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography|Christianity|History}}
*[[List of popes]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline|Hyginus|Pope Hyginus}}
* {{wikisource author-inline}}
* [http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/01_01_0136-0140-_Hyginus,_Sanctus.html Opera Omnia] {{inlang|la}}
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/liberpontificalis.html Fontes Latinae de papis usque ad annum 530] (Papa [[Felix IV]]) {{inlang|la}}
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/liberpontificalis1.html#XLIII.  Liber pontificalis] {{inlang|la}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Pope Telesphorus|Telesphorus]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Bishop of Rome]] <br />[[List of popes|Pope]]
| years = 136–142
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Pope Pius I|Pius I]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Popes}}
{{Catholic saints}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hyginus}}
[[Category:140 deaths]]
[[Category:2nd-century archbishops]]
[[Category:2nd-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:2nd-century Romans]]
[[Category:Greek popes]]
[[Category:Papal saints]]
[[Category:Popes]]
[[Category:Saints of Roman Athens]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:2nd-century popes]]
[[Category:Burials at St. Peter's Basilica]]