Editing Pope Evaristus

{{Short description|Head of the Catholic Church from c. 99 to c. 107}}
{{redirect|Aristus|other people with this name|Aristus (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Pope
| honorific-prefix = [[Pope Saint]]
| name = Evaristus
| title = [[Bishop of Rome]]
| church = [[Catholic Church]]
| image = Pope Saint Evaristus (by Sandro Botticelli) – Sistine Chapel (1481).jpg
| caption = Pope Evaristus, 15th century
| term_start = {{circa}} 100
| term_end = {{circa}} 108
| predecessor = [[Clement of Rome|Clement I]]
| successor = [[Pope Alexander I|Alexander I]]
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Bethlehem]], [[Judaea (Roman province)|Judaea]], [[Roman Empire]]
| death_date = {{circa}} 108
| death_place = [[Rome]], [[Roman Italy|Italy]], [[Roman Empire]]
| parents = Judah
| feast_day = 26 October
}}
'''Pope Evaristus''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: Ευάριστος) was the [[bishop of Rome]] from {{Circa}} 99/100 to his death in 107/108.<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Pope St. Evaristus}}</ref><ref>According to ''[[Annuario Pontificio]]'', he died in 108.</ref> He was also known as '''Aristus''' and is venerated as a saint in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]],<ref>{{cite web| url = http://orthodoxengland.org.uk/ortpopes.htm| title = Orthodox England – The Holy Orthodox Popes of Rome}}</ref> the [[Catholic Church]], and [[Oriental Orthodoxy]]. It is likely that [[John the Apostle]] died during his reign period, marking the end of the [[Apostolic Age]].

==Biography==
[[File:2018-12-30 10.54.09 Evaristo e0.jpg|thumb|Evaristus I depicted in marble in [[Saint Peter's Basilica]]]]
According to the ''[[Liber Pontificalis]]'', he was a [[Greeks|Greek]] by birth, fathered by a [[Greek Jew]] named Judah from the city of [[Bethlehem]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Loomis |first=Louise Ropes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N1KMTRsvPGUC&pg=PA4 |title=The Book of the Popes (Liber Pontificalis) |date=2006 |publisher=Arx Publishing, LLC |isbn=978-1-889758-86-2 |pages=9–10 |orig-date=1917}} See also the [https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/liberpontificalis1.html original Latin].</ref> [[Eusebius]], in his ''[[Ecclesiastical History (Eusebius)|Ecclesiastical History]]'', states that Evaristus took office in the 3rd year of [[Trajan]]'s reign,<ref>''Ecclesiastical History'' [https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201.iii.viii.xxxiv.html VIII, 34] (Eusebius first states Evaristus hold the office for 9 years). The truth is, as the monarchical episcopate was not yet existing in Rome, it is useless to attempt to fix his dates, or those of any of the other so-called bishops who lived before the second quarter of the second century.</ref> which correspond to AD 99/100,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burgess |first=Richard W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9R_CGC9wL9MC&pg=PA29 |title=Studies in Eusebian and Post-Eusebian Chronography |date=1999 |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |isbn=978-3-515-07530-5 |pages=29}} More exactly, the period between October AD 99 and October AD 100 according to the calendar of [[Caesarea Maritima]].</ref> and died in the 12th year of the same reign (AD 108/109) after holding the office for nine years.<ref>''Ecclesiastical History'' [https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201.iii.ix.i.html IX, 1]. He writes 9 years in Book VIII, but writes 8 years in Book IX. </ref> He divided titles among the priests in the city of [[Rome]], and ordained seven deacons to assist with the bishop's preaching.<ref name=":0" />

According to Reverend John F. Sullivan, Evaristus decreed that “in accordance with Apostolic tradition marriage should be celebrated publicly and with the blessing of the priest”.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Externals of the Catholic Church |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Km0hCgAAQBAJ| last1=Sullivan | first1=Reverend John F. | year=1918 | publisher=Aeterna Press }}</ref> [[Liber Pontificalis]] further describes him as the one "crowned with martyrdom".<ref name=":0" /> The same is indicated also by French historian [[Alexis-François Artaud de Montor]].<ref>{{cite book | author = Alexis-François Artaud de Montor | author-link = Alexis-François Artaud de Montor |url = https://archive.org/details/livesofpopes01artauoft | title = The lives and times of the popes : including the complete gallery of the portraits of the pontiffs reproduced from "Effigies pontificum romanorum Dominici Basae": being a series of volumes giving the history of the world during the Christian era | year = 1911 | page = [https://archive.org/details/livesofpopes01artauoft/page/n38 21] | via = [[Internet Archive|archive.org]] }} Quote: "Ignatius died of the wounds that were inflicted by ferocious beasts; Evaristus died under the hands of executioners, more cruel than the wild beasts themselves."</ref> However, in the [[Roman Martyrology]] he is listed without the [[martyr]] title, with a feast day on 26 October.<ref>"Martyrologium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2001 {{ISBN|88-209-7210-7}})</ref>

Pope Evaristus is buried near the body of [[Saint Peter]] in the Vatican, in [[Saint Peter's tomb]] under [[Saint Peter's Basilica]].<ref>[[List of popes]]</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography|Christianity|History}}
*[[List of Catholic saints]]
*[[List of popes]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Evaristus I}}
{{Spoken Wikipedia|En-Pope Evaristus-article.ogg|date=1 July 2014}}
* [http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/01_01_0097-0105-_Evaristus,_Sanctus,_Martyr.html Writings attributed to Pope St Evaristus]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080821170711/http://saints.sqpn.com/sainte39.htm Patron Saints Index: ''Pope Saint Evaristus'']
* [http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=633 Catholic Online – Saints & Angels: ''St. Evaristus'']
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Evaristus}}

{{s-start}}
{{S-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Pope Clement I|Clement I]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Bishop of Rome]] <br />[[List of popes|Pope]]|years=98–105}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Pope Alexander I|Alexander I]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Popes}}
{{Catholic saints}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Evaristus}}
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