Editing Politics of Chad

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{{More citations needed|date=May 2013}}

{{Politics of Chad}}
The '''politics of Chad''' take place in a framework of a [[semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]] [[republic]], whereby the [[President of Chad]] is the [[head of state]] and the [[prime minister]] is the [[head of government]]. [[Executive power]] is exercised by the government. [[Legislative power]] is vested in both the [[Forms of government|government]] and parliament. [[Chad]] is one of the [[Corruption Perceptions Index|most corrupt countries]] in the world.

In May 2013, security forces in Chad foiled a coup against the President [[Idriss Deby]] that had been in preparation for several months.<ref>{{Citation
| url = http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-chad-coup-idUKBRE94101H20130502
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160306101129/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-chad-coup-idUKBRE94101H20130502
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = March 6, 2016
| title= Chad government foils coup attempt – minister
| year = 2013
| publisher = [[Reuters]]
| publication-place = International
}}</ref> In April 2021, President Déby was injured by the rebel group Front Pour l'Alternance et La Concorde au Tchad (FACT). He succumbed to his injuries on April 20, 2021. His presidency was taken by his family member Mahamat Déby in April 2021. This resulted in both the National Assembly and Chadian Government being dissolved and replaced with a [[Transitional Military Council (Chad)|Transitional Military Council]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Chad President Idriss Deby dies on front lines, according to an army statement|url=https://www.dw.com/en/chad-president-idriss-deby-dies-on-front-lines-according-to-an-army-statement/a-57262804|access-date=20 April 2021|work=Deutsche Welle|date=20 April 2021}}</ref><ref name=newgvernment2021>{{Cite web|title=Chad Sets Up Transitional Military Council Headed By Son Of Late President – Reports|url=https://www.urdupoint.com/en/world/chad-sets-up-transitional-military-council-he-1229174.html|access-date=2021-04-20|website=UrduPoint|language=en}}</ref><ref name=newgovernment>{{cite news|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20210420111727-lvy4q/|title=Chad President Idriss Deby killed on frontline, son to take over|agency=Reuters|publisher=Thomas Reuters News|date=April 20, 2021|accessdate=April 20, 2021}}</ref>

The [[National Transitional Council (Chad)|National Transitional Council]] will oversee the transition to democracy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The uphill battle facing Chad's new Transition Council – DW – 10/08/2021 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/the-uphill-battle-facing-chads-new-transition-council/a-59449238 |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=dw.com |language=en}}</ref> On 23 May 2024, Mahamat  Idriss Déby was sworn in as [[President of Chad]]. He had won the disputed 6 May [[2024 Chadian presidential election|election]] outright, with 61 per cent of the vote.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chad transitional ruler inaugurated amid legitimacy concerns |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/chad-swears-in-president-ending-years-of-military-rule/7624040.html |work=Voice of America |date=23 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==Executive branch==
{{Office-table}}
|[[Heads of state of Chad|President]]
|[[Mahamat Déby]]
|[[Patriotic Salvation Movement]]
|20 April 2021
|}
[[File:Idriss Deby with Obamas (cropped)2014.png|thumb|left|Former President Idriss Deby in 2014]]
Chad's executive branch is headed by the President and dominates the [[Chad]]ian political system. Following the military overthrow of [[Hissène Habré]] in December 1990, Idriss Déby won the presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. The constitutional basis for the government is the 1996 constitution, under which the president was limited to two terms of office until Déby had that provision repealed in 2005. The president has the power to appoint the Council of State (or cabinet), and exercises considerable influence over appointments of judges, generals, provincial officials and heads of Chad's parastatal firms. In cases of grave and immediate threat, the president, in consultation with the National Assembly President and Council of State, may declare a state of emergency. Most of the key advisors for former president Déby were members of the [[Zaghawa people|Zaghawa]] clan, although some southern and opposition personalities were represented in his government.

==Legislative branch==
According to the 1996 constitution, the [[National Assembly of Chad|National Assembly]] deputies are elected by universal suffrage for 4-year terms. The Assembly holds regular sessions twice a year, starting in March and October, and can hold special sessions as necessary and called by the prime minister. Deputies elect a president of the National Assembly every 2 years. Assembly deputies or members of the executive branch may introduce legislation; once passed by the Assembly, the president must take action to either sign or reject the law within 15 days. The National Assembly must approve the prime minister's plan of government and may force the prime minister to resign through a majority vote of no-confidence. However, if the National Assembly rejects the executive branch's program twice in one year, the president may disband the Assembly and call for new legislative elections. In practice, the president exercises considerable influence over the National Assembly through the MPS party structure.

==Judicial branch==
Despite the constitution's guarantee of judicial independence from the executive branch, the president names most key judicial officials. The [[Supreme Court of Chad|Supreme Court]] is made up of a chief justice, named by the president, and 15 councilors chosen by the president and National Assembly; appointments are for life. The [[Constitutional Council (Chad)|Constitutional Council]], with nine judges elected to 9-year terms, has the power to review all legislation, treaties and international agreements prior to their adoption. The constitution recognizes customary and traditional law in locales where it is recognized and to the extent it does not interfere with public order or constitutional guarantees of equality for all citizens.

==Political parties and elections==
{{Elect|List of political parties in Chad|Elections in Chad}}

===Presidential elections===
{{main|2016 Chadian presidential election}}
{{#section-h:2016 Chadian presidential election|Results}}

===Parliamentary elections===
{{main|2011 Chadian parliamentary election}}
{{#section-h:2011 Chadian parliamentary election|Results}}

==International organization participation==
[[Agency for the French-Speaking Community|ACCT]], 
[[African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States|ACP]], 
[[African Development Bank|AfDB]], 
[[African Union|AU]], 
[[Central African States Development Bank|BDEAC]], 
[[Monetary and Economic Community of Central Africa|CEMAC]], 
[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]], 
[[Franc Zone|FZ]], 
[[Group of 77|G-77]], 
[[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development|IBRD]], 
[[International Civil Aviation Organization|ICAO]], 
[[International Criminal Court|ICCt]], 
[[International Confederation of Free Trade Unions|ICFTU]], 
[[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|ICRM]], 
[[International Development Association|IDA]], 
[[Islamic Development Bank|IDB]], 
[[International Fund for Agricultural Development|IFAD]], 
[[International Finance Corporation|IFC]], 
[[International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies|IFRCS]], 
[[International Labour Organization|ILO]], 
[[International Monetary Fund|IMF]], 
[[International Criminal Police Organization|Interpol]], 
[[International Olympic Committee|IOC]], 
[[International Telecommunication Union|ITU]], 
[[Multilateral Investment Geographic Agency|MIGA]], 
[[Non-Aligned Movement|NAM]], 
[[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|OIC]], 
[[United Nations Operation in Burundi|ONUB]], 
[[Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons|OPCW]], 
[[United Nations|UN]], 
[[United Nations Conference on Trade and Development|UNCTAD]], 
[[United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization|UNESCO]], 
[[United Nations Industrial Development Organization|UNIDO]], 
[[United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire|UNOCI]], 
[[United Nations University|UPU]], 
[[World Confederation of Labour|WCL]], 
[[World Health Organization|WHO]], 
[[World Intellectual Property Organization|WIPO]], 
[[World Meteorological Organization|WMO]], 
[[World Tourism Organization|WToO]], 
[[World Trade Organization|WTrO]]

==2021 government shakeup==

On 20 April 2021, following the death of longtime Chad President [[Idriss Déby]], the [[Military of Chad]] released a statement confirming that both the [[Government of Chad]] and the nation's [[National Assembly (Chad)|National Assembly]] had been dissolved and that a [[Transitional Military Council (Chad)|Transitional Military Council]] led by Déby's son [[Mahamat Déby Itno|Mahamat]] would lead the nation for at least 18 months.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chad's President Idriss Déby dies 'in clashes with rebels' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56815708 |website=BBC News |date=20 April 2021|access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref> Among the 40-member transitional government were nine women including Lydie Beassemda, Fatime Goukouni Weddeye and [[Isabelle Kassire|Isabelle Housna Kassire]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://humanglemedia.com/chad-military-junta-appoints-9-women-into-40-member-transitional-govt/ |title=Chad Military Junta Appoints 9 Women Into 40-member Transitional Govt |author=Bisong Etahoben |website=humanglemedia.com |access-date=2024-01-05}}</ref>

Following protests on 14 May 2022, the authorities in Chad detained several members of civil society organizations. The protests were organized in N’Djamena, and other cities across the country by Chadian civil society organizations, united under the coalition Wakit Tamma.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/05/30/chad-release-opposition-members-and-supporters|title=Chad: Release Opposition Members and Supporters|accessdate=30 May 2022|website=Human Rights Watch|date=30 May 2022 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Kamougue Assoum]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}
==External Links==
* [https://presidence.td/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Constitution.pdf Constitution 2023]
{{Chad topics}}
{{Africa in topic|Politics of}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Politics Of Chad}}
[[Category:Politics of Chad| ]]

[[pt:Chade#Política]]