Editing Poland, Ohio

{{for|the township|Poland Township, Mahoning County, Ohio}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}

{{Infobox settlement
|name                     = Poland, Ohio
|settlement_type          = [[Village (United States)|Village]]
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    =

<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline            = Poland, Ohio Library.jpg
|imagesize                = 250px
|image_caption            = [[Public Library of Youngstown and Mahoning County|Poland Library]]
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               =

<!-- Maps -->
|image_map                = Mahoning County Ohio incorporated and unincorporated areas Poland highlighted.png
|mapsize                  = 260px
|map_caption              = Location of Poland in Mahoning County, Ohio.
|pushpin_map              = Ohio#USA
|pushpin_relief           = yes
|pushpin_label            = Poland

<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Ohio]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Ohio|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Mahoning County, Ohio|Mahoning]]

<!-- Government -->
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = [[Mayor-council]]
|leader_title             = Mayor
|leader_name              = 
|leader_title1            = Council president
|leader_name1             = 
|established_title        = Founded
|established_date         = 1798
|established_title2       = Incorporated
|established_date2        = 1866

<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=September 20, 2022}}</ref>
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_km2           = 4.29
|area_land_km2            = 4.23
|area_water_km2           = 0.06
|area_total_sq_mi         = 1.66
|area_land_sq_mi          = 1.63
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.02

<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_est           = 
|pop_est_as_of            = 
|population_footnotes     = 
|population_total         = 2463
|population_density_km2   = 581.85
|population_density_sq_mi = 1507.34
<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset               = -5
|timezone_DST             = EDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -4
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 1040
|coordinates              = {{coord|41|01|09|N|80|37|24|W|region:US-OH|display=inline}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 44514
|area_code                = [[Area codes 234 and 330|234/330]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 39-63954<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 2398992<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2398992}}</ref>
|website                  = https://polandvillage.org/
|footnotes                = 
}}

'''Poland''' is a [[village (United States)#Ohio|village]] in eastern [[Mahoning County, Ohio]], United States. The population was 2,463 at the [[2020 United States census]].<ref name="Census 2020">{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US3963954 |title=Poland village, Ohio | publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |accessdate=April 30, 2022 }}</ref> A [[suburb]] about {{convert|7|mi|km}} south of [[Youngstown, Ohio|Youngstown]], it is part of the [[Mahoning Valley|Youngstown–Warren metropolitan area]].

==History==
[[File:Riverside and Main in Poland.jpg|thumb|left|The [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Mahoning County, Ohio|South Main Street Historic District]] denotes a neighborhood of Poland's oldest structures]]
In 1796, [[Poland Township, Mahoning County, Ohio|Poland Township]] was surveyed and registered as township 1, range 1 of the [[Connecticut Western Reserve]] of the [[Connecticut Land Company]]. Turhand Kirtland was a member of a group of surveyors led by [[Moses Cleaveland]], and is considered to have founded the community of Poland in 1798.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://polandhistoricalsociety.com/history/our-history |title=Poland Historical Society - Our History |publisher=Poland Historical Society |accessdate=October 27, 2022 }}</ref> The earliest settlers primarily originated from [[Connecticut]] and [[Pennsylvania]]. An early grist mill was built on the Yellow Creek in 1802 by Jonathan Fowler, whose family was the first to settle in the village.<ref name="Poland Village">{{cite web |url=https://polandvillage.org/home/about |title=ABOUT US - VILLAGE OF POLAND, OHIO |publisher=Village of Poland |accessdate=October 27, 2022 }}</ref>

Poland was named in honor of the country of [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Poland]] for its assistance during the [[American Revolutionary War]], either due to a specific Polish hero or due to general gratitude towards the nation.<ref name="Poland Village" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://communityhealthnursingpoland.weebly.com/history.html |title=History - Poland, Ohio |publisher=Community Health Nursing Poland |accessdate=October 27, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=44182 |title=The History of Poland |publisher=The Historical Marker Database |accessdate=October 27, 2022 }}</ref> An alternative legend from 1905 stated that the town instead takes its name from its original proprietor named George Poland.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gannett |first1=Henry |title=The origin of certain place names in the United States |date=1905 |publisher=Government Printing Office |location=Washington, DC |page=249 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n248/mode/1up |access-date=April 3, 2021}}</ref> Poland was incorporated as a village in 1866.<ref name="Poland Village" />

[[Poland Seminary]] was originally a private secondary school, Poland Academy, and then a liberal arts college founded in 1849. Its main building has been incorporated into Poland Middle School on College Street. Its dormitory is incorporated into the Poland Public Library on Main Street. Former distinguished faculty include the journalist [[Ida Tarbell]]; graduates include [[William McKinley]], the 25th President of the United States.

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the village has an area of {{convert|1.65|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|1.63|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.02|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 6, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|archive-date=July 2, 2012}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1850= 583
|1870= 453
|1880= 452
|1890= 391
|1900= 370
|1910= 367
|1920= 561
|1930= 968
|1940= 1240
|1950= 1652
|1960= 2766
|1970= 3097
|1980= 3084
|1990= 2992
|2000= 2866
|2010= 2555
|2020= 2463
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

=== 2020 census ===
As of the [[census]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Poland_village,_Ohio?g=160XX00US3963954 |access-date=March 15, 2024 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> of 2020, there were 2,463 people and 1,090 households in the village. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1483|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 1,129 housing units at an average density of {{convert|680.1|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The village's racial makeup was 94.8% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.4% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.4% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], and 2.8% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.4% of the population.

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 6, 2013}}</ref> of 2010, there were 2,555 people, 1,066 households, and 765 families living in the village. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1567.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 1,135 housing units at an average density of {{convert|696.3|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The village's racial makeup was 98.5% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.2% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.4% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], and 0.9% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.1% of the population.

There were 1,066 households, of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.8% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.2% were non-families. 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.88.

The median age in the village was 46.3 years. 21.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.1% were from 25 to 44; 30.4% were from 45 to 64; and 21.3% were 65 years of age or older. The village's gender makeup was 48.2% male and 51.8% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 2,990 people, 1,086 households, and 822 families living in the village. The [[population density]] was {{convert|2,303.2|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people}}. There were 1,123 housing units at an average density of {{convert|902.5|/mi2|/km2}}. The racial makeup of the village was 99.16% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.24% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.10% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.17% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.31% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.98% of the population.

There were 1,086 households, out of which 34.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.3% were non-families. 22.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 19.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.3 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $47,273, and the median income for a family was $55,486. Males had a median income of $42,857 versus $23,603 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the village was $23,924. About 4.5% of families and 6.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 8.8% of those under age 18 and 13.2% of those age 65 or over.

==Government==
Poland operates under a [[mayor–council government]], where there are six council members elected as a legislature in addition to an independently elected mayor who serves as an executive. The current mayor is Timothy Sicafuse.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://polandvillage.org/home/council | title=Committees of Council | publisher=Village of Poland | access-date=October 31, 2022}}</ref>

==Education==
[[File:Poland seminary (3).jpg|thumb|[[Poland Seminary High School]]]]
Poland is served by the public Poland Local School District, which includes one elementary school, one middle school, and [[Poland Seminary High School]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st39_oh/schooldistrict_maps/c39099_mahoning/DC20SD_C39099.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS – SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Mahoning County, OH|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=March 31, 2025}}</ref> The [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Youngstown]] operates the private Holy Family School, which serves children in pre-kindergarten through the 8th grade. Poland has a public library, a branch of the [[Public Library of Youngstown and Mahoning County]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.libraryvisit.org/locations-hours/ | title=Locations & Hours | publisher=Public Library of Youngstown and Mahoning County | access-date=February 26, 2018}}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Ralph Palmer Agnew]], [[mathematician]]
*[[Julian Kennedy]], engineer and inventor
*[[Matt Marraccini]], actor
*[[Vonda N. McIntyre]], [[science fiction]] writer and [[biologist]]
*[[Jim Reynolds (Canadian football)|Jim Reynolds]], [[Canadian Football League]] [[End (gridiron football)|end]]
*[[Kate Brownlee Sherwood]], 19th century [[poet]] and [[journalist]]

===Politicians===
*[[John Boccieri]], member of the [[Ohio House of Representatives]] from the 59th district
*[[David S. Dennison Jr.]], member of the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] from [[Ohio's 11th congressional district|Ohio's 11th district]]
*[[Jared Potter Kirtland]], [[naturalist]], [[malacology|malacologist]], and [[politician]]
*[[William McKinley]], 25th [[President of the United States]]
*[[Michael Rulli]], member of the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] from [[Ohio's 6th congressional district|Ohio's 6th district]]
*[[George Cookman Sturgiss]], member of the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] from [[West Virginia's 2nd congressional district|West Virginia's 2nd district]]
*[[James Traficant]], member of the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] from [[Ohio's 17th congressional district|Ohio's 17th district]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Barone |first1=Michael |author-link1=Michael Barone (pundit) |last2=Ujifusa |first2=Grant |title=[[The Almanac of American Politics|The Almanac of American Politics 1988]]|work=[[National Journal]] |year=1987 |page=953}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.towncrieronline.com/ ''Town Crier'' newspaper]
*[http://www.polandbulldogs.com/ Poland Schools]
{{Coord|display=title|41.024676|-80.612287}}

{{Mahoning County, Ohio}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Villages in Mahoning County, Ohio]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1802]]
[[Category:1802 establishments in the Northwest Territory]]
[[Category:Villages in Ohio]]