Editing Pierre Napoléon Bonaparte

{{Short description|French nobleman, revolutionary, and politician}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name                 =Pierre Napoleon Bonaparte
| title = 
| image                =Pierre-Napoléon Bonaparte.jpg
| caption              =
| spouse               =[[Éléonore-Justine Ruflin]]
| issue                =[[Roland Napoleon Bonaparte]]<br>[[Jeanne Bonaparte|Jeanne, Marquise de Villeneuve-Escaplon]]
| full name            =
| house                =[[House of Bonaparte|Bonaparte]]
| father               =[[Lucien Bonaparte]]
| mother               =[[Alexandrine de Bleschamp]]
| birth_date        ={{Birth date|1815|10|11|df=y}}
| birth_place       =[[Rome]], [[Papal States]] (now [[Italy]])
| death_date        ={{Death date and age|1881|4|7|1815|10|11|df=y}}
| death_place       =[[Versailles, Yvelines|Versailles]], [[French Third Republic|France]]
| burial_place =[[Cimetière des Gonards]], Versailles, France
}}

'''Prince Pierre-Napoléon Bonaparte''' (11 October 1815 – 7 April 1881) was a French nobleman, revolutionary and politician, the son of [[Lucien Bonaparte]] and his second wife [[Alexandrine de Bleschamp]]. He was a nephew of [[Napoleon I]], [[Joseph Bonaparte]], [[Elisa Bonaparte]], [[Louis Bonaparte]], [[Pauline Bonaparte]], [[Caroline Bonaparte]] and [[Jérôme Bonaparte]].

==Biography==
Bonaparte was born in [[Rome]], Italy.

He joined the insurrectionary bands in [[Romagna]] (1830–1831); later he moved to the United States, where he went to join his uncle Joseph, and in [[Colombia]] with [[Francisco de Paula Santander]] (1832). Returning to Rome he was taken prisoner by order of [[Pope Gregory XVI]] (1835–1836). He finally took refuge in the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

[[Image:Daverdisse Fe1aJPG.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Daverdisse]], the [[Lesse|Lesse river]] and the Mohimont Farm.]]
[[Image:Daverdisse P. Bonaparte JPG.jpg|thumb|left|Daverdisse, memorial plate dedicated to Pierre Napoléon Bonaparte.]]

At the [[revolution of 1848]] he returned to France and was elected deputy for [[Corsica]] to the [[Constituent Assembly]]. He declared himself an out-and-out [[republicanism|republican]] and even voted with the [[socialist]]s. He pronounced himself in favour of the national workshops and against the [[Frédéric Alfred Pierre, comte de Falloux|loi Falloux]]. His attitude contributed greatly to give popular confidence to his cousin Louis Napoleon ([[Napoleon III of France]]), of whose coup d'état on 2 December 1851 he disapproved; but he was soon reconciled to the emperor, and accepted the title of prince. The republicans at once abandoned him.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

From that time on he led a debauched life, and lost all political importance.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

===Background to shooting===
In December 1869, a dispute broke out between two Corsican newspapers, the leftist ''La Revanche'' and the loyalist ''L'Avenir de la Corse'', edited by Jean de la Rocca (1832 – 1883). The invective of ''La Revanche'' concentrated on [[Napoleon I]]. 
On 30 December, ''L'Avenir'' published a letter sent to its editor by Prince Pierre Bonaparte, the nephew of Napoleon I, and cousin of the then-ruling Emperor [[Napoleon III]]. Prince Bonaparte castigated the staff of ''La Revanche'' as beggars and traitors. [[Paschal Grousset]], the editor of both ''La Revanche'' and ''[[La Marseillaise (1869 newspaper)|La Marseillaise]]'', a Parisian radical socialist newspaper, took offence and demanded satisfaction.

On 9 January 1870, Prince Bonaparte wrote a letter to [[Victor Henri Rochefort, Marquis de Rochefort-Luçay|Henri Rochefort]], the founder of ''La Marseillaise'', claiming to uphold the good name of his family:

{{bquote|After having outraged each of my relatives, you insult me through the pen of one of your menials. My turn had to come. Only I have an advantage over others of my name, of being a private individual, while being a Bonaparte... I therefore ask you whether your inkpot is guaranteed by your breast... I live, not in a palace, but at 59, rue d'Auteuil. I promise to you that if you present yourself, you will not be told that I left.<ref>«{{Lang|fr|Après avoir outragé chacun des miens, vous m'insultez par la plume d'un de vos manœuvres. Mon tour devait arriver. Seulement j'ai un avantage sur ceux de mon nom, c'est d'être un particulier, tout en étant Bonaparte... Je viens donc vous demander si votre encrier est garanti par votre poitrine... J'habite, non dans un palais, mais 59, rue d'Auteuil. Je vous promets que si vous vous présentez, on ne vous dira pas que je suis sorti.}}»</ref>}}

===Shooting===
[[File:Pierre Bonaparte Shooting.jpg|thumb|250px|Pierre Bonaparte shoots Victor Noir. From left to right: Victor Noir, Pierre Bonaparte, Ulrich de Fonvielle.]]
On the following day, Grousset sent [[Victor Noir]] and [[Ulric de Fonvielle]] as his seconds to fix the terms of a [[duel]] with Pierre Bonaparte. Contrary to custom, they presented themselves to Bonaparte instead of contacting his seconds. Each of them carried a [[revolver]] in his pocket. Noir and de Fonvieille presented Bonaparte with a letter signed by Grousset. But the prince declined the challenge, asserting his willingness to fight Rochefort, but not his "menials" (''ses manœuvres''). In response, Noir asserted his solidarity with his friends. According to Fonvieille,  Bonaparte then slapped his face and shot Noir dead. According to Bonaparte, it was Noir who took umbrage at the epithet and struck him first, whereupon he drew his revolver and fired at his aggressor. That was the version eventually accepted by the court.

In the trial of Bonaparte for homicide on 21 May 1871 [[Théodore Grandperret]] served as Attorney General at the High Court convened in [[Tours]]. His evident bias towards the Bonaparte family caused the lawyers of the Noir family to be called the "defense lawyers".<ref>{{citation|language=fr|chapter=GRANDPERRET (MICHEL-ETIENNE-ANTHELME-THÉODORE) |title=Dictionnaire des Parlementaires français (1789–1889) |last1=Robert|last2=Cougny |first1=Adolphe |first2=Gaston  |editor=Edgar Bourloton|year=1889–1891
 |chapter-url=https://www.senat.fr/senateur-3eme-republique/grandperret_theodore1479r3.html |access-date=2018-03-04}}</ref>

==Family==
[[File:BonaparteJustine gebRufflin.png|thumb|Justine Bonaparte, née Rufflin]]
On 22 March 1853, Pierre married [[Éléonore-Justine Ruflin]], the daughter of a Paris plumber working as a doorman. Altogether, the couple had five children, but only two of them survived and reached adulthood:

* Prince [[Roland Napoleon Bonaparte]] (19 May 1858 - 14 April 1924). He entered the [[French Army]], was excluded from it in 1886, and then devoted himself to geography and scientific explorations. He was the father of [[Marie Bonaparte|Marie Bonaparte, Princess George of Greece and Denmark]].
* Princess [[Jeanne Bonaparte]] (25 September 1861 - 23 July 1910). She married [[Christian de Villeneuve-Esclapon]] (1852-1931).

==Death==
Pierre Bonaparte died on 7 April 1881, at the age of 65, in obscurity at [[Versailles, Yvelines|Versailles]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} He is interred in the [[Cimetière des Gonards]] in Versailles, [[France]]. His widow, Princess Éléonore-Justine Bonaparte, nicknamed "Nina", outlived him by 24 years, raising their granddaughter, Princess Marie. In 1905, when she died, she was buried alongside him in the Cimetière des Gonards, Versailles.{{CN|date=November 2024}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
;Attribution
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Bonaparte|volume=4}}
*Williams, Roger L. ''Manners and Murders in the World of Louis-Napoleon'' (Seattle, London: University of Washington Press, c.1975), 127-150. {{ISBN|0-295-95431-0}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Pierre-Napoléon Bonaparte}}
* {{Gutenberg author |id=4102| name=Pierre Napoléon Bonaparte}}
* {{Internet Archive author |search=("Pierre Napoléon Bonaparte" OR "Bonaparte, Pierre Napoléon" OR "Pierre Bonaparte" OR "Bonaparte, Pierre")}}

{{Bonaparte family}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bonaparte, Pierre Napoleon}}
[[Category:1815 births]]
[[Category:1881 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Rome]]
[[Category:House of Bonaparte|Pierre Napoleon Bonaparte]]
[[Category:Princes of France (Bonaparte)|Pierre Napoleon Bonaparte]]
[[Category:Members of the 1848 Constituent Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the National Legislative Assembly of the French Second Republic]]
[[Category:Burials at the Cimetière des Gonards]]