Editing Pichichi (footballer)

{{short description|Spanish footballer (1892–1922)}}
{{family name hatnote|Moreno|Aranzadi|lang=Spanish}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Pichichi
| image = Rafael Moreno.jpg
| caption = 
| full_name = Rafael Moreno Aranzadi
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1892|5|23|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Bilbao]], Spain
| death_date = {{death date and age|1922|3|1|1892|8|8|df=yes}}
| death_place = Bilbao, Spain
| height = 1.54 m <ref>{{cite web |title=¿Por qué "Pichichi"? |url=https://rfef.es/es/noticias/por-que-pichichi |website=RFEF |access-date=26 February 2025}}</ref>
| position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
| youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Escolapios
| years1 = 1910–1911 | clubs1 = [[Bilbao FC (1911)|Bilbao FC]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.athletic-club.eus/en/match-statistics/1_2370/1910-11_athletic-club_bilbao.html|title=Athletic 4–1 Bilbao FC|publisher=Athletic Bilbao|access-date=23 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://memoriasdelfutbolvasco.wordpress.com/tag/futbol-club-bilbao/|title=La General, la mítica grada de San Mamés (1924)|trans-title=The General, the mythical stand of San Mamés (1924)|publisher=Memorias del Fútbol Vasco|language=es|date=8 June 2014|access-date=23 September 2017}}</ref> | caps1 = | goals1 =
| years2 = 1911–1922 | clubs2 = [[Athletic Bilbao]] | caps2 = 89| goals2 = 83<ref name=ATHLETIC>{{cite web|url=http://www.athletic-club.eus/en/players/334/pichichi.html|title=Pichichi|publisher=Athletic Bilbao|access-date=14 March 2017}}</ref>
| nationalyears1 = 1920 | nationalteam1 = [[Spain men's national football team|Spain]] | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 1
| medaltemplates-expand = yes
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[association football|football]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{fb|Spain|1785}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Olympic Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[1920 Summer Olympics|1920 Antwerp]]|[[Football at the 1920 Summer Olympics|Team competition]]}}
}}
'''Rafael Moreno Aranzadi''' (23 May 1892 – 1 March 1922), known as '''Pichichi''', was a Spanish [[Association football|footballer]] who played as a [[Forward (association football)|forward]]. He is known for the [[Pichichi Trophy]] named in his honour.

He played for [[Athletic Bilbao]] during the 1910s and 1920s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espangol.com/pichichi/#history|title=A LITTLE HISTORY: Rafael Moreno Aranzadi 'Pichichi'|publisher=Espangol|date=4 February 2011|access-date=17 March 2013}}</ref> He received his nickname because of his frail build.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.marca.com/blogs/ni-mas-ni-menos/2016/02/06/rafael-moreno-aranzadi-mas-conocido-por.html|title=Rafael Moreno Aranzadi, más conocido por Pichichi|trans-title=Rafael Moreno Aranzadi, better known as Pichichi|newspaper=[[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]]|first=Jesús|last=Ramos|language=es|date=6 February 2016|access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref>

==Club career==
Born in [[Bilbao]], [[Biscay]], Pichichi played in his first [[Copa del Rey]] final in March 1913 as [[Athletic Bilbao]], his sole club, lost 1–0 against [[Real Unión|Racing Club de Irún]]. Later the same year, on 21 August, the same opponents, now renamed Real Unión, were invited to play the inaugural game at [[San Mamés Stadium (1913)|San Mamés Stadium]], and he scored the very first goal at the ground;<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2013/08/21/paisvasco/1377102106.html|title=El viejo San Mamés cumpliría hoy cien años|trans-title=Old San Mamés would be 100 years old today|newspaper=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|language=es|date=21 August 2013|access-date=22 March 2017}}</ref> two months later, he also scored the first goal at [[Real Sociedad]]'s new [[Atotxa Stadium]] in the opening fixture for that venue.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://real-sociedad.diariovasco.com/noticias/2013-10-12/535561-viejo-atocha-abrio-puertas-hace.html|title=El viejo Atocha abrió sus puertas hace un siglo|trans-title=Old Atocha opened its doors a century ago|newspaper=[[El Diario Vasco]]|first=Fernando|last=Becerril|language=es|date=12 October 2013|access-date=14 December 2017}}</ref>

Easily identifiable on the pitch due to a white cloth he tied to his head,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://orgulloathleticzale.wordpress.com/2013/05/12/un-poco-de-historia-rafael-moreno-aranzadi-pichichi/|title=Un poco de historia… Rafael Moreno Aranzadi "Pichichi"|trans-title=A little bit of history… Rafael Moreno Aranzadi "Pichichi"|publisher=Orgullo Athleticzale|language=es|date=12 May 2013|access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref> Pichichi subsequently played in five other domestic cup finals, winning four and netting a [[hat-trick]] in the [[1915 Copa del Rey Final|1915 final]] as Athletic beat [[RCD Espanyol|RCD Español]] 5–0.<ref name=AS>{{cite news|url=http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2016/03/01/mas_futbol/1456810156_008782.html|title=Rafael Moreno, Pichichi, se convierte en mito (1922)|trans-title=Rafael Moreno, Pichichi, becomes a myth (1922)|newspaper=[[Diario AS]]|first=Alfredo|last=Relaño|language=es|date=1 March 2016|access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/spancup1915.html|title=Spain – Cup 1915|publisher=[[RSSSF]]|first=José Vicente|last=Tejedor Carnicero|access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref> After returning from the 1920 Olympics, some supporters felt that his performances were no longer measuring up to his 'star' status, and this criticism caused him to abruptly quit playing altogether in order to become a [[Referee (association football)|referee]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deia.eus/cultura/2016/07/25/mr-pichichi-ahonda-cara-humana-5020993.html|title='Mr. Pichichi' ahonda en la cara más humana de dos grandes figuras del Athletic|trans-title='Mr. Pichichi' delves deeper into most human side of two great Athletic figures|newspaper=[[Deia (newspaper)|Deia]]|first=Leyre|last=Eguskiza|language=es|date=25 July 2016|access-date=26 July 2022}}</ref>

Pichichi died on 2 March 1922 at age 29 from a sudden attack of [[typhus]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://athletic.elcorreo.com/leyendas/pichichi.html|title=Leyendas del Athletic Club de Bilbao – 'Pichichi'|trans-title=Athletic Club de Bilbao legends – 'Pichichi'|newspaper=[[El Correo]]|language=es|access-date=23 May 2016}}</ref><ref name=AS/> with the grief among the fans at the shock news heightened with regret for the acrimonious manner in which their hero had departed the club.<ref name=AS/> He scored a total of 83 goals in 89 games for his only team.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/deportes/20150509/54431147779/aduriz-suma-ya-83-goles-con-el-athletic-y-alcanza-a-pichichi.html|title=Aduriz suma ya 83 goles con el Athletic y alcanza a Pichichi|trans-title=Aduriz totals already 83 goals with Athletic and equals Pichichi|newspaper=[[La Vanguardia]]|language=es|date=9 May 2015|access-date=26 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://as.com/futbol/2022/03/02/reportajes/1646204428_118930.html|title=Cien años de la muerte de Pichichi, el origen del mito|trans-title=100th anniversary of death of Pichichi, the origin of the myth|newspaper=Diario AS|first=Marta|last=Griñán|language=es|date=2 March 2022|access-date=26 July 2022}}</ref>

==International career==
In [[1920 Summer Olympics|1920]], Pichichi was a member of the very first [[Spain men's national football team|Spain national team]] that [[Football at the 1920 Summer Olympics|played]] at the [[Summer Olympic Games]] in [[Belgium]].<ref>{{Olympedia|24923}}</ref> He earned five senior [[Cap (sport)|caps]] in one month, his debut coming on 28 August in a 1–0 win against [[Denmark national football team|Denmark]].

==Personal life==
[[File:Busto a Pichichi en San Mamés.JPG|thumb|left|upright|Bust of Pichichi at the San Mamés Stadium]]

Pichichi's father was mayor of Bilbao,<ref name=AS/> and he was [[Miguel de Unamuno]]'s nephew.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/es-mx/news/4947/f%C3%BAtbol-internacional/2014/09/02/5079391/opini%C3%B3n-pichichi-de-hugo-a-chicharito|title=OPINIÓN: 'Pichichi', de Hugo a Chicharito|trans-title=OPINION: 'Pichichi', from Hugo to Chicharito|publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|first=José Ramón|last=Fernández G. De Quevedo|language=es|date=2 September 2014|access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref> Both he and his future wife were immortalised in a painting by [[Aurelio Arteta]] (although it is said that the image originally depicted teammate [[José María Belauste]], and came to be known as a representation of Pichichi and his fiancée following his death{{Citation needed|date=November 2022|reason=Belauste is not mentioned in the references provided}}).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2006/05/31/mas_futbol/1149026424_850215.html|title=El Athletic comunica la baja a Felipe, Bordas y Escalona|trans-title=Athletic tell Felipe, Bordas and Escalona of decision to release them|newspaper=Diario AS|language=es|date=31 May 2006|access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref><ref name=AS/>

In 1926, a [[Bust (sculpture)|bust]] was erected in Pichichi's honour at the San Mamés Stadium. It was tradition for teams visiting the ground for the first time pay homage by leaving a bouquet of flowers at its base.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sanmames.org/ofrendapichichi.htm|title= Ofrenda a Pichichi|trans-title=Offering to Pichichi|publisher=San Mamés.org|language=es|access-date=7 August 2017}}</ref> Despite concerns that it might not be accommodated at [[San Mamés Stadium (2013)|Athletic's new ground]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.es/deportes/futbol/20130910/abci-mames-preparado-201309101353.html|title=El busto de Pichichi no encuentra su sitio en el nuevo San Mamés|trans-title=Pichichi's bust can not find its place at the new San Mamés|newspaper=[[ABC (newspaper)|ABC]]|first=Iván|last=Gurrea|language=es|date=11 September 2013|access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref> a suitable spot was identified at the entrance to the players' tunnel, allowing the tradition to continue at the new location from 2013 onwards.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://athletic.elcorreo.com/noticias/201611/03/genk-homenajea-pichichi-20161103190856.html|title=El Genk homenajea a Pichichi|trans-title=Genk pay homage to Pichichi|newspaper=El Correo|language=es|date=3 November 2016|access-date=19 March 2017}}</ref>

In 1953, Spanish sports newspaper ''[[Marca (newspaper)|Diario Marca]]'' introduced the [[Pichichi Trophy]] in his honour. It was awarded each year to the top scorers in [[La Liga]] and [[Segunda División]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://athletic.elcorreo.com/noticias/201510/08/pichichi-reune-goleadores-rojiblancos-20151008210636.html|title=Los discípulos de Pichichi|trans-title=Pichichi's disciples|newspaper=El Correo|first=Javier|last=Ortiz de Lazcano|language=es|date=9 October 2015|access-date=11 February 2016}}</ref>

==Honours==
'''Athletic Bilbao'''
*[[Copa del Rey]]: [[1914 Copa del Rey|1914]], [[1915 Copa del Rey|1915]], [[1916 Copa del Rey|1916]], [[1921 Copa del Rey|1921]]<ref name=ATHLETIC/>
*[[Biscay Championship|Northern/Vizcayan Regional Championship]]: 1913–14, 1914–15, 1915–16, 1919–20, 1920–21<ref name=ATHLETIC/>

'''Spain'''
*[[Summer Olympic Games]]: [[Silver medal]] [[Football at the 1920 Summer Olympics|1920]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tableso/ol1920f-det.html|title=VII. Olympiad Antwerp 1920 Football Tournament|publisher=RSSSF|first=Karel|last=Stokkermans|access-date=14 March 2017}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of one-club men]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{BDFutbol|3003}}
*{{Athletic Bilbao profile|id=334/pichichi}}
*{{NFT player|22462}}
*{{FIFA player|293171}}
*{{Eu-Football.info|14347}}
*{{Olympics.com|rafael-moreno|Rafael Moreno|org_archive=20210314133332}}

{{Spain squad 1920 Summer Olympics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pichichi}}
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1922 deaths]]
[[Category:Spanish men's footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Bilbao]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Athletic Bilbao footballers]]
[[Category:Spain men's international footballers]]
[[Category:Olympic footballers for Spain]]
[[Category:Footballers at the 1920 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic silver medalists for Spain]]
[[Category:Olympic medalists in football]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Basque Country men's international footballers]]
[[Category:Deaths from typhus]]
[[Category:Infectious disease deaths in Spain]]